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Tay C, Grundy L. Animal models of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1232017. [PMID: 37731545 PMCID: PMC10507411 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1232017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome (IC/BPS) is a chronic disorder characterized by pelvic and/or bladder pain, along with lower urinary tract symptoms that have a significant impact on an individual's quality of life. The diverse range of symptoms and underlying causes in IC/BPS patients pose a significant challenge for effective disease management and the development of new and effective treatments. To facilitate the development of innovative therapies for IC/BPS, numerous preclinical animal models have been developed, each focusing on distinct pathophysiological components such as localized urothelial permeability or inflammation, psychological stress, autoimmunity, and central sensitization. However, since the precise etiopathophysiology of IC/BPS remains undefined, these animal models have primarily aimed to replicate the key clinical symptoms of bladder hypersensitivity and pain to enhance the translatability of potential therapeutics. Several animal models have now been characterized to mimic the major symptoms of IC/BPS, and significant progress has been made in refining these models to induce chronic symptomatology that more closely resembles the IC/BPS phenotype. Nevertheless, it's important to note that no single model can fully replicate all aspects of the human disease. When selecting an appropriate model for preclinical therapeutic evaluation, consideration must be given to the specific pathology believed to underlie the development of IC/BPS symptoms in a particular patient group, as well as the type and severity of the model, its duration, and the proposed intervention's mechanism of action. Therefore, it is likely that different models will continue to be necessary for preclinical drug development, depending on the unique etiology of IC/BPS being investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Tay
- Neurourology Research Group, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Luke Grundy
- Neurourology Research Group, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Ramsay S, Zagorodnyuk V. Role of circadian rhythms and melatonin in bladder function in heath and diseases. Auton Neurosci 2023; 246:103083. [PMID: 36871511 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2023.103083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
The circadian system modulates all visceral organ physiological processes including urine storage and voiding. The "master clock" of the circadian system lies within suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus while "peripheral clocks" are found in most peripheral tissue and organs, including the urinary bladder. Disruptions of circadian rhythms can cause organ malfunction and disorder or exacerbate pre-existing ones. It has been suggested that nocturia, which develops mostly in the elderly, could be a circadian-related disorder of the bladder. In the bladder, many types of gap junctions and ion channels in the detrusor, urothelium and sensory nerves are likely under strict local peripheral circadian control. The pineal hormone, melatonin, is a circadian rhythm synchroniser capable of controlling a variety of physiological processes in the body. Melatonin predominantly acts via the melatonin 1 and melatonin 2 G-protein coupled receptors expressed in the central nervous system, and many peripheral organs and tissues. Melatonin could be beneficial in the treatment of nocturia and other common bladder disorders. The ameliorating action of melatonin on bladder function is likely due to multiple mechanisms which include central effects on voiding and peripheral effects on the detrusor and bladder afferents. More studies are warranted to determine the precise mechanisms of circadian rhythm coordination of the bladder function and melatonin influences on the bladder in health and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stewart Ramsay
- Discipline of Human Physiology, Flinders Health & Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, South Australia, Australia
| | - Vladimir Zagorodnyuk
- Discipline of Human Physiology, Flinders Health & Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, South Australia, Australia.
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3
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Dalghi MG, Montalbetti N, Wheeler TB, Apodaca G, Carattino MD. Real-Time Void Spot Assay. J Vis Exp 2023:10.3791/64621. [PMID: 36847378 PMCID: PMC10153432 DOI: 10.3791/64621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Normal voiding behavior is the result of the coordinated function of the bladder, the urethra, and the urethral sphincters under the proper control of the nervous system. To study voluntary voiding behavior in mouse models, researchers have developed the void spot assay (VSA), a method that measures the number and area of urine spots deposited on a filter paper lining the floor of an animal's cage. Although technically simple and inexpensive, this assay has limitations when used as an end-point assay, including a lack of temporal resolution of voiding events and difficulties quantifying overlapping urine spots. To overcome these limitations, we developed a video-monitored VSA, which we call real-time VSA (RT-VSA), and which allows us to determine voiding frequency, assess voided volume and voiding patterns, and make measurements over 6 h time windows during both the dark and light phases of the day. The method described in this report can be applied to a wide variety of mouse-based studies that explore the physiological and neurobehavioral aspects of voluntary micturition in health and disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianela G Dalghi
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Nicolas Montalbetti
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh
| | | | - Gerard Apodaca
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Marcelo D Carattino
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh; Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh;
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Kono J, Ueda M, Sengiku A, Suadicani SO, Woo JT, Kobayashi T, Ogawa O, Negoro H. Flavonoid Nobiletin Attenuates Cyclophosphamide-Induced Cystitis in Mice through Mechanisms That Involve Inhibition of IL-1β Induced Connexin 43 Upregulation and Gap Junction Communication in Urothelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5037. [PMID: 35563427 PMCID: PMC9102543 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder inflammatory diseases cause various urinary symptoms, such as urinary frequency and painful urination, that impair quality of life. In this study, we used a mouse model of cyclophosphamide (CYP)-induced bladder inflammation and immortalized human urothelial (TRT-HU1) cells to explore the preventive potential of nobiletin (NOB), a polymethoxylated flavone enriched in citrus fruit peel, and investigate its mechanism of action in the bladder. Prophylaxis with PMF90 (60% NOB) attenuated the development of bladder inflammation and urinary symptoms in CYP-treated mice. PMF90 also reduced the upregulation of connexin 43 (Cx43), a major component of gap junction channels, in the bladder mucosa of CYP-treated mice. Stimulation of TRT-HU1 cells with the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β increased Cx43 mRNA and protein expression and enhanced gap junction coupling-responses that were prevented by pre-treatment with NOB. In urothelium-specific Cx43 knockout (uCx43KO) mice, macroscopic signs of bladder inflammation and changes in voiding behavior induced by CYP treatment were significantly attenuated when compared to controls. These findings indicate the participation of urothelial Cx43 in the development of bladder inflammation and urinary symptoms in CYP-treated mice and provide pre-clinical evidence for the preventive potential of NOB through its anti-inflammatory effects on IL-1β signaling and urothelial Cx43 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Kono
- Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; (J.K.); (M.U.); (A.S.); (T.K.); (O.O.)
| | - Masakatsu Ueda
- Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; (J.K.); (M.U.); (A.S.); (T.K.); (O.O.)
- Department of Urology, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka 420-8527, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sengiku
- Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; (J.K.); (M.U.); (A.S.); (T.K.); (O.O.)
- Sengiku Urology Clinic, Shiga 524-0045, Japan
| | - Sylvia O. Suadicani
- Department of Urology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA;
| | - Je Tae Woo
- Department of Biological Chemistry, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan;
| | - Takashi Kobayashi
- Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; (J.K.); (M.U.); (A.S.); (T.K.); (O.O.)
| | - Osamu Ogawa
- Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; (J.K.); (M.U.); (A.S.); (T.K.); (O.O.)
| | - Hiromitsu Negoro
- Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; (J.K.); (M.U.); (A.S.); (T.K.); (O.O.)
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
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Lee H, Koh BH, Peri LE, Woodward HJ, Perrino BA, Sanders KM, Koh SD. Role of detrusor PDGFRα + cells in mouse model of cyclophosphamide-induced detrusor overactivity. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5071. [PMID: 35332235 PMCID: PMC8948241 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09155-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclophosphamide (CYP)-induced cystitis is a rodent model that shares many features common to the cystitis occurring in patients, including detrusor overactivity (DO). Platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha positive (PDGFRα+) cells have been proposed to regulate muscle excitability in murine bladders during filling. PDGFRα+ cells express small conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels (predominantly SK3) that provide stabilization of membrane potential during filling. We hypothesized that down-regulation of the regulatory functions of PDGFRα+ cells and/or loss of PDGFRα+ cells generates the DO in CYP-treated mice. After CYP treatment, transcripts of Pdgfrα and Kcnn3 and PDGFRα and SK3 protein were reduced in detrusor muscle extracts. The distribution of PDGFRα+ cells was also reduced. Inflammatory markers were increased in CYP-treated detrusor muscles. An SK channel agonist, CyPPA, increased outward current and hyperpolarization in PDGFRα+ cells. This response was significantly depressed in PDGFRα+ cells from CYP-treated bladders. Contractile experiments and ex vivo cystometry showed increased spontaneous contractions and transient contractions, respectively in CYP-treated bladders with a reduction of apamin sensitivity, that could be attributable to the reduction in the SK conductance expressed by PDGFRα+ cells. In summary, PDGFRα+ cells were reduced and the SK3 conductance was downregulated in CYP-treated bladders. These changes are consistent with the development of DO after CYP treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haeyeong Lee
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA.
| | - Byoung H Koh
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Lauren E Peri
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Holly J Woodward
- The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Brian A Perrino
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Kenton M Sanders
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Sang Don Koh
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
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Abdelzaher WY, Bahaa HA, Elkhateeb R, Atta M, Fawzy MA, Ahmed AF, Rofaeil RR. Role of JNK, ERK, and p38 MAPK signaling pathway in protective effect of sildenafil in cyclophosphamide-induced placental injury in rats. Life Sci 2022; 293:120354. [PMID: 35074407 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Chemotherapeutic agents; cyclophosphamide (CYC) is used for treatment of cancer and autoimmune diseases. Grievously, CYC is non-selective as it affects both tumor and healthy cells resulting in systemic toxicity including placenta. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor, sildenafil (Sild) on CYC-induced placental injury in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-two female Wister rats were randomly divided into 4 experimental groups. Group 1: control pregnant group; Group 2: Sild-treated pregnant rats; Group 3: pregnant rats received CYC; Group 4: pregnant rats received Sild and CYC. Placental malondialdehyde (MDA), total nitrite/nitrate (NOx), reduced glutathione (GSH), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), platelet growth factor (PlGF), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and cleaved caspase-3 were measured. Histological changes, Nuclear Factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B (NF-κB), Connexin 43 (GJA1) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immuno-expressions were also evaluated. KEY FINDINGS CYC showed significant decrease in placental GSH, NOx, PlGF, GJA1 and PCNA immuno-expressions but significant increase in placental MDA, TNF-α, JNK, P38MAPK, ERK, caspase-3 and NF-kB immuno-expression. Sild showed significant improvement in all oxidative, inflammatory and apoptotic parameters. SIGNIFICANCE Sild is a promising protective drug against placental injury induced by CYC through antagonizing MAPK (JNK, ERK, and p38) signaling pathway with anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Haitham Ahmed Bahaa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia 61511, Egypt
| | - Reham Elkhateeb
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia 61511, Egypt
| | - Medhat Atta
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia 61511, Egypt
| | - Michael Atef Fawzy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61511, Egypt
| | - Amira F Ahmed
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, 61511, Egypt
| | - Remon Roshdy Rofaeil
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia 61511, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology, Deraya University, New Minia, Egypt.
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7
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Andersson KE, Christ GJ, Davies KP, Rovner ES, Melman A. Gene Therapy for Overactive Bladder: A Review of BK-Channel α-Subunit Gene Transfer. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2021; 17:589-599. [PMID: 34113116 PMCID: PMC8187094 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s291798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A need exists for local (ie, bladder-specific) interventions to treat overactive bladder (OAB) with low risk of unwanted postprocedural outcomes. Gene therapy targeted to leverage endogenous physiology in bladder cells may assist in restoring normal cell and organ function. Herein, we review the potential promise of gene therapy for treating OAB, focusing on gene transfer of URO-902, a non-viral naked plasmid DNA expressing the big potassium (BK) channel. We searched PubMed for articles concerning functional aspects of the BK channel and its potential use for gene transfer as local OAB treatment. Results from preclinical, phase 1, and phase 2 studies of URO-902 for erectile dysfunction and phase 1 studies of URO-902 for OAB are included. The BK channel has been extensively studied; however, URO-902 is the first gene therapy used in clinical trials directed toward treating OAB via the BK channel. In both URO-902 studies, there were no serious adverse events considered treatment related and no adverse events leading to early withdrawal. Both studies included secondary efficacy endpoints with promising results suggesting improvement in OAB symptoms, and quality of life, with use of URO-902 versus placebo. Gene therapy involving the BK channel, such as gene transfer with URO-902, has demonstrated promising safety and efficacy results in women with OAB. Findings warrant further investigation of the use of URO-902 for OAB treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl-Erik Andersson
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - George Joseph Christ
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia Medical School, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Kelvin P Davies
- Department of Urology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eric S Rovner
- Department of Urology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Arnold Melman
- Department of Urology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Ardsley, NY, USA
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8
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Wróbel A, Zapała Ł, Kluz T, Rogowski A, Misiek M, Juszczak K, Sieńko J, Gold D, Stangel-Wójcikiewicz K, Poleszak E, Radziszewski P. The Potential of Asiatic Acid in the Reversion of Cyclophosphamide-Induced Hemorrhagic Cystitis in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115853. [PMID: 34072606 PMCID: PMC8198845 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine if asiatic acid may act efficiently in the model of cyclophosphamide (CYP)-induced cystitis in rats. We performed experiments after administration of CYP (single dose 200 mg/kg, intraperitoneally), asiatic acid (30 mg/kg/day for 14 consecutive days, by oral gavage), or CYP plus asiatic acid, during which conscious cystometry, measurements of urothelium thickness and bladder edema, as well as selected biomarkers analyses were conducted. In rats that received asiatic acid together with CYP, a drop in bladder basal pressure, detrusor overactivity index, non-voiding contraction amplitude, non-voiding contraction frequency, and the area under the pressure curve were observed, when compared to the CYP group. Furthermore, a significant increase in threshold pressure, voided volume, intercontraction interval, bladder compliance, and volume threshold to elicit NVC were found in that group accordingly. Administration of the asiatic acid successfully restored concentrations of biomarkers both in bladder urothelium (BDNF, CGRP, OCT-3, IL-1β, IL-6, NGF, nitrotyrosine, malondialdehyde, TNF-α, SV2A, SNAP23, SNAP25, PAC-1, ORM1, occludin, IGFBP-3, HB-EGF, T–H protein, Z01, and HPX) and detrusor muscle (Rho kinase and VAChT) in CYP-treated rats. Finally, asiatic acid significantly decreased urothelium thickness and bladder oedema. Asiatic acid proved to be a potent and effective drug in the rat model of CYP-induced cystitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Wróbel
- Second Department of Gynecology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.W.); (Ł.Z.)
| | - Łukasz Zapała
- Clinic of General, Oncological and Functional Urology, Medical University of Warsaw, Lindleya 4, 02-005 Warsaw, Poland;
- Correspondence: (A.W.); (Ł.Z.)
| | - Tomasz Kluz
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland;
| | - Artur Rogowski
- Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw, 01-938 Warsaw, Poland;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mother and Child Institute, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Misiek
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Holy Cross Cancer Center, 25-377 Kielce, Poland;
| | - Kajetan Juszczak
- Chair of Urology and Andrology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Skłodowskiej-Curie 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Jacek Sieńko
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warszawa, Poland;
| | - Daniela Gold
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz, 8036 Graz, Austria;
| | | | - Ewa Poleszak
- Chair and Department of Applied and Social Pharmacy, Laboratory of Preclinical Testing, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Piotr Radziszewski
- Clinic of General, Oncological and Functional Urology, Medical University of Warsaw, Lindleya 4, 02-005 Warsaw, Poland;
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Urothelium-Specific Deletion of Connexin43 in the Mouse Urinary Bladder Alters Distension-Induced ATP Release and Voiding Behavior. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041594. [PMID: 33562445 PMCID: PMC7914662 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Connexin43 (Cx43), the main gap junction and hemichannel forming protein in the urinary bladder, participates in the regulation of bladder motor and sensory functions and has been reported as an important modulator of day-night variations in functional bladder capacity. However, because Cx43 is expressed throughout the bladder, the actual role played by the detrusor and the urothelial Cx43 is still unknown. For this purpose, we generated urothelium-specific Cx43 knockout (uCx43KO) mice using Cre-LoxP system. We evaluated the day-night micturition pattern and the urothelial Cx43 hemichannel function of the uCx43KO mice by measuring luminal ATP release after bladder distention. In wild-type (WT) mice, distention-induced ATP release was elevated, and functional bladder capacity was decreased in the animals' active phase (nighttime) when Cx43 expression was also high compared to levels measured in the sleep phase (daytime). These day-night differences in urothelial ATP release and functional bladder capacity were attenuated in uCx43KO mice that, in the active phase, displayed lower ATP release and higher functional bladder capacity than WT mice. These findings indicate that urothelial Cx43 mediated ATP signaling and coordination of urothelial activity are essential for proper perception and regulation of responses to bladder distension in the animals' awake, active phase.
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10
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Mills KA, West EJ, Grundy L, McDermott C, Sellers DJ, Rose’Myer RB, Chess-Williams R. Hypersensitivity of bladder low threshold, wide dynamic range, afferent fibres following treatment with the chemotherapeutic drugs cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:2785-2797. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02773-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Fry CH, McCloskey KD. Spontaneous Activity and the Urinary Bladder. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1124:121-147. [PMID: 31183825 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-5895-1_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The urinary bladder has two functions: to store urine, when it is relaxed and highly compliant; and void its contents, when intravesical pressure rises due to co-ordinated contraction of detrusor smooth muscle in the bladder wall. Superimposed on this description are two observations: (1) the normal, relaxed bladder develops small transient increases of intravesical pressure, mirrored by local bladder wall movements; (2) pathological, larger pressure variations (detrusor overactivity) can occur that may cause involuntary urine loss and/or detrusor overactivity. Characterisation of these spontaneous contractions is important to understand: how normal bladder compliance is maintained during filling; and the pathophysiology of detrusor overactivity. Consideration of how spontaneous contractions originate should include the structural complexity of the bladder wall. Detrusor smooth muscle layer is overlain by a mucosa, itself a complex structure of urothelium and a lamina propria containing sensory nerves, micro-vasculature, interstitial cells and diffuse muscular elements.Several theories, not mutually exclusive, have been advanced for the origin of spontaneous contractions. These include intrinsic rhythmicity of detrusor muscle; modulation by non-muscular pacemaking cells in the bladder wall; motor input to detrusor by autonomic nerves; regulation of detrusor muscle excitability and contractility by the adjacent mucosa and spontaneous contraction of elements of the lamina propria. This chapter will consider evidence for each theory in both normal and overactive bladder and how their significance may vary during ageing and development. Further understanding of these mechanisms may also identify novel drug targets to ameliorate the clinical consequences of large contractions associated with detrusor overactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher H Fry
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - Karen D McCloskey
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
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12
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Chakrabarty B, Bijos DA, Vahabi B, Clavica F, Kanai AJ, Pickering AE, Fry CH, Drake MJ. Modulation of Bladder Wall Micromotions Alters Intravesical Pressure Activity in the Isolated Bladder. Front Physiol 2019; 9:1937. [PMID: 30687132 PMCID: PMC6335571 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Micromotions are phasic contractions of the bladder wall. During urine storage, such phasic activity has little effect on intravesical pressure, however, changed motile activity may underlie urodynamic observations such as detrusor overactivity. The potential for bladder motility to affect pressure reflects a summation of the overall movements, comprising the initiation, propagation, and dissipation components of micromotions. In this study, the influence of initiation of micromotions was investigated using calcium activated chloride channel blocker niflumic acid, and the effect of propagation using blockers of gap junctions. The overall bladder tone was modulated using isoprenaline. Isolated tissue strips and whole bladder preparations from juvenile rats were used. 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid was used to block gap junctions, reducing the amplitude and frequency of micromotions in in vitro and ex vivo preparations. Niflumic acid reduced the frequency of micromotions but had no effect on the amplitude of pressure fluctuations. Isoprenaline resulted in a reduction in pressure fluctuations and a decrease in pressure baseline. Using visual video data analysis, bladder movement was visible, irrespective of lack of pressure changes, which persisted during bladder relaxation. However, micromotions propagated over shorter distances and the overall bladder tone was reduced. All these results suggest that phasic activity of the bladder can be characterised by a combination of initiation and propagation of movement, and overall bladder tone. At any given moment, intravesical pressure recordings are an integration of these parameters. This synthesis gives insight into the limitations of clinical urodynamics, where intravesical pressure is the key indicator of detrusor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basu Chakrabarty
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Dominika A Bijos
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.,Southmead Hospital, Bristol Urological Institute, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Bahareh Vahabi
- Department of Applied Sciences, University of West England, Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Clavica
- ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anthony J Kanai
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Anthony E Pickering
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.,Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher H Fry
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Marcus J Drake
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.,Southmead Hospital, Bristol Urological Institute, Bristol, United Kingdom
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13
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Sekiguchi F, Tsubota M, Kawabata A. Involvement of Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels in Inflammation and Inflammatory Pain. Biol Pharm Bull 2018; 41:1127-1134. [PMID: 30068860 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b18-00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) are classified into high-voltage-activated (HVA) channels and low-voltage-activated channels consisting of Cav3.1-3.3, known as T ("transient")-type VGCC. There is evidence that certain types of HVA channels are involved in neurogenic inflammation and inflammatory pain, in agreement with reports indicating the therapeutic effectiveness of gabapentinoids, ligands for the α2δ subunit of HVA, in treating not only neuropathic, but also inflammatory, pain. Among the Cav3 family members, Cav3.2 is abundantly expressed in the primary afferents, regulating both neuronal excitability at the peripheral terminals and spontaneous neurotransmitter release at the spinal terminals. The function and expression of Cav3.2 are modulated by a variety of inflammatory mediators including prostanoids and hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a gasotransmitter. The increased activity of Cav3.2 by H2S participates in colonic, bladder and pancreatic pain, and regulates visceral inflammation. Together, VGCCs are involved in inflammation and inflammatory pain, and Cav3.2 T-type VGCC is especially a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of visceral inflammatory pain in patients with irritable bowel syndrome, interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome, pancreatitis, etc., in addition to neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiko Sekiguchi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University
| | - Maho Tsubota
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University
| | - Atsufumi Kawabata
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University
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14
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Mader F, Müller S, Krause L, Springer A, Kernig K, Protzel C, Porath K, Rackow S, Wittstock T, Frank M, Hakenberg OW, Köhling R, Kirschstein T. Hyperpolarization-Activated Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Non-selective (HCN) Ion Channels Regulate Human and Murine Urinary Bladder Contractility. Front Physiol 2018; 9:753. [PMID: 29971015 PMCID: PMC6018223 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide gated non-selective (HCN) channels have been demonstrated in the urinary bladder in various species. Since they play a major role in governing rhythmic activity in pacemaker cells like in the sinoatrial node, we explored the role of these channels in human and murine detrusor smooth muscle. Methods: In an organ bath, human and murine detrusor smooth muscle specimens were challenged with the HCN channel blocker ZD7288. In human tissue derived from macroscopically tumor-free cancer resections, the urothelium was removed. In addition, HCN1-deficient mice were used to identify the contribution of this particular isoform. Expression of HCN channels in the urinary bladder was analyzed using histological and ultrastructural analyses as well as quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results: We found that the HCN channel blocker ZD7288 (50 μM) both induced tonic contractions and increased phasic contraction amplitudes in human and murine detrusor specimens. While these responses were not sensitive to tetrodotoxin, they were significantly reduced by the gap junction inhibitor 18β-glycyrrhetic acid suggesting that HCN channels are located within the gap junction-interconnected smooth muscle cell network rather than on efferent nerve fibers. Immunohistochemistry suggested HCN channel expression on smooth muscle tissue, and immunoelectron microscopy confirmed the scattered presence of HCN2 on smooth muscle cell membranes. HCN channels seem to be down-regulated with aging, which is paralleled by an increasing effect of ZD7288 in aging detrusor tissue. Importantly, the anticonvulsant and HCN channel activator lamotrigine relaxed the detrusor which could be reversed by ZD7288. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that HCN channels are functionally present and localized on smooth muscle cells of the urinary bladder. Given the age-dependent decline of these channels in humans, activation of HCN channels by compounds such as lamotrigine opens up the opportunity to combat detrusor hyperactivity in the elderly by drugs already approved for epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Mader
- Oscar Langendorff Institute of Physiology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Steffen Müller
- Oscar Langendorff Institute of Physiology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Ludwig Krause
- Oscar Langendorff Institute of Physiology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Armin Springer
- Department of Medical Biology, Electron Microscopy Center, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Karoline Kernig
- Department of Urology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Chris Protzel
- Department of Urology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Katrin Porath
- Oscar Langendorff Institute of Physiology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Simone Rackow
- Oscar Langendorff Institute of Physiology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Tristan Wittstock
- Oscar Langendorff Institute of Physiology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Marcus Frank
- Department of Medical Biology, Electron Microscopy Center, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Rüdiger Köhling
- Oscar Langendorff Institute of Physiology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Timo Kirschstein
- Oscar Langendorff Institute of Physiology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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15
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Chen YH, Chen CJ, Wang SJ, Lin YN, Chen WC, Tsai MY, Chen HY. Downregulation of tight junction protein zonula occludens-2 and urothelium damage in a cyclophosphamide-induced mouse model of cystitis. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2018; 57:399-406. [PMID: 29880173 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2018.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The cyclophosphamide (CYP)-induced model of cystitis in mice closely fits the symptoms of chronic bladder inflammation. Cystitis was recently found to be due to an altered gap junction protein in a rat model. Thus, this study was conducted to evaluate changes in protein expression and composition in the bladder of CYP-treated mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Administration of CYP induced cystitis-related symptoms in mice. Cystometry was assessed and cell junction-associated protein zonula occludens-2 (ZO-2) expression was measured. Voiding interval values (time between voids) were assessed in mice under anesthesia. The bladders were removed for proteomic analysis using label-free quantitative proteomics and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Additionally, immunochemistry (IHC) and Western blot were used to confirm the location and level, respectively, of ZO-2 expression. RESULTS Compared to the control group, the voiding interval values and urothelial thickness in the bladder in the CYP-treated group were significantly decreased. Additionally, we identified 105 differentially expressed proteins in the bladder of CYP-treated mice with proteomic analysis. These proteins were involved in cell-cell tight junctions, exocytosis, muscle development, contraction, and regulation, immune responses, proteolysis, and cell adhesion. IHC and Western blot confirmed the downregulation of the tight junction protein ZO-2 in the urothelium of bladder. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that downregulation in tight junction protein ZO-2 and urothelium damage may have a role in cystitis-related OAB. These changes could be related to the molecular mechanism of cystitis-related OAB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Hsiang Chen
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Sex Hormone Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; Department of Urology, Chinese Medicine Research Center, Research Center for Chinese Medicine and Acupuncture, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; Department of Psychology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Jung Chen
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Sex Hormone Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jing Wang
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ning Lin
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Sex Hormone Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chi Chen
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; Department of Urology, Chinese Medicine Research Center, Research Center for Chinese Medicine and Acupuncture, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yen Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; Department of Chinese Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Huey-Yi Chen
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Sex Hormone Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
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16
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Kuga N, Tanioka A, Hagihara K, Kawai T. Fiber type-specific afferent nerve activity induced by transient contractions of rat bladder smooth muscle in pathological states. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189941. [PMID: 29267380 PMCID: PMC5739434 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder smooth muscle shows spontaneous phasic contractions, which undergo a variety of abnormal changes depending on pathological conditions. How abnormal contractions affect the activity of bladder afferent nerves remains to be fully tested. In this study, we examined the relationship between transient increases in bladder pressure, representing transient contraction of bladder smooth muscle, and spiking patterns of bladder afferent fibers of the L6 dorsal root, in rat pathological models. All recordings were performed at a bladder pressure of approximately 10 cmH2O by maintaining the degree of bladder filling. In the cyclophosphamide-induced model, both Aδ and C fibers showed increased sensitivity to transient bladder pressure increases. In the prostaglandin E2-induced model, Aδ fibers, but not C fibers, specifically showed overexcitation that was time-locked with transient bladder pressure increases. These fiber type-specific changes in nerve spike patterns may underlie the symptoms of urinary bladder diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahoko Kuga
- Pharmacology Research Laboratory, Watarase Research Center, Kyorin Pharmaceutical Company, Limited, Nogi, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Asao Tanioka
- Pharmacology Research Laboratory, Watarase Research Center, Kyorin Pharmaceutical Company, Limited, Nogi, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Koichiro Hagihara
- Pharmacology Research Laboratory, Watarase Research Center, Kyorin Pharmaceutical Company, Limited, Nogi, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Kawai
- Pharmacology Research Laboratory, Watarase Research Center, Kyorin Pharmaceutical Company, Limited, Nogi, Tochigi, Japan
- * E-mail:
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17
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Kashyap MP, Pore SK, de Groat WC, Chermansky CJ, Yoshimura N, Tyagi P. BDNF overexpression in the bladder induces neuronal changes to mediate bladder overactivity. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2017; 315:F45-F56. [PMID: 29092846 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00386.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in urine of overactive bladder (OAB) patients support the association of BDNF with OAB symptoms, but the causality is not known. Here, we investigated the functionality of BDNF overexpression in rat bladder following bladder wall transfection of either BDNF or luciferase (luciferase) transgenes (10 µg). One week after transfection, BDNF overexpression in bladder tissue and elevation of urine BDNF levels were observed together with increased transcript of BDNF, its cognate receptors (TrkB and p75NTR), and downstream PLCγ isoforms in bladder. BDNF overexpression can induce the bladder overactivity (BO) phenotype which is demonstrated by the increased voiding pressure and reduced intercontractile interval during transurethral open cystometry under urethane anesthesia. A role for BDNF-mediated enhancement of prejunctional cholinergic transmission in BO is supported by the significant increase in the atropine- and neostigmine-sensitive component of nerve-evoked contractions and upregulation of choline acetyltransferase, vesicular acetylcholine transporter, and transporter Oct2 and -α1 receptors. In addition, higher expression of transient receptor channels (TRPV1 and TRPA1) and pannexin-1 channels in conjunction with elevation of ATP and neurotrophins in bladder and also in L6/S1 dorsal root ganglia together support a role for sensitized afferent nerve terminals in BO. Overall, genomic changes in efferent and afferent neurons of bladder induced by the overexpression of BDNF per se establish a mechanistic link between elevated BDNF levels in urine and dysfunctional voiding observed in animal models and in OAB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahendra P Kashyap
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Subrata K Pore
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - William C de Groat
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Naoki Yoshimura
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Pradeep Tyagi
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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18
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Proliferation of Interstitial Cells in the Cyclophosphamide-Induced Cystitis and the Preventive Effect of Imatinib. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:3457093. [PMID: 28698872 PMCID: PMC5494099 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3457093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cyclophosphamide- (CYP-) induced cystitis in the rat is a well-known model of bladder inflammation that leads to an overactive bladder, a process that appears to involve enhanced nitric oxide (NO) production. We investigated the changes in the number and distribution of interstitial cells (ICs) and in the expression of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) in the bladder and urethra of rats subjected to either intermediate or chronic CYP treatment. Pronounced hyperplasia and hypertrophy of ICs were evident within the lamina propria and in the muscle layer. IC immunolabeling with CD34, PDGFRα, and vimentin was enhanced, as reflected by higher colocalization indexes of the distinct pairs of markers. Moreover, de novo expression of eNOS was evident in vimentin and CD34 positive ICs. Pretreatment with the receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor Imatinib prevented eNOS expression and ICs proliferation, as well as the increased voiding frequency and urinary tract weight provoked by CYP. As similar results were obtained in the urethra, urethritis may contribute to the uropathology of CYP-induced cystitis.
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19
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Zhang X, Gao S, Tanaka M, Zhang Z, Huang Y, Mitsui T, Kamiyama M, Koizumi S, Fan J, Takeda M, Yao J. Carbenoxolone inhibits TRPV4 channel-initiated oxidative urothelial injury and ameliorates cyclophosphamide-induced bladder dysfunction. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 21:1791-1802. [PMID: 28244642 PMCID: PMC5571544 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbenoxolone (CBX) is a clinically prescribed drug for the treatment of digestive ulcer and inflammation. It is also a widely used pharmacological inhibitor of several channels in basic research. Given that the overactivity of several channels, including those inhibitable by CBX, underlies bladder dysfunction, we tested the potential therapeutic application and mechanism of CBX in the treatment of voiding dysfunction. In a mouse model of cystitis induced by cyclophosphamide (CYP), CBX administration prevented the CYP‐elicited increase in bladder weight, oedema, haemorrhage, and urothelial injury. CBX also greatly improved micturition pattern, as manifested by the apparently decreased micturition frequency and increased micturition volume. Western blot results showed that CBX suppressed CYP‐induced increase in protein carbonyls, COX‐2, and iNOS. Further analysis using cultured urothelial cells revealed that acrolein, the major metabolite of CYP, caused protein oxidation, p38 activation, and urothelial injury. These effects of acrolein were reproduced by TRPV4 agonists and significantly prevented by antioxidant NAC, p38 inhibitor SB203580, TRPV4 antagonist RN‐1734, and CBX. Further studies showed that CBX potently suppressed TRPV4 agonist‐initiated calcium influx and subsequent cell injury. CBX attenuated CYP‐induced cystitis in vivo and reduced acrolein‐induced cell injury in vitro, through mechanisms involving inhibition of TRPV4 channels and attenuation of the channel‐mediated oxidative stress. CBX might be a promising agent for the treatment of bladder dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiling Zhang
- Division of Molecular Signaling, Department of Advanced Biomedical Research, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan.,China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shan Gao
- Division of Molecular Signaling, Department of Advanced Biomedical Research, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan.,China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Masayoshi Tanaka
- Department of Neuropharmacology, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Division of Molecular Signaling, Department of Advanced Biomedical Research, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yanru Huang
- Division of Molecular Signaling, Department of Advanced Biomedical Research, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Takahiko Mitsui
- Department of Urology, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Manabu Kamiyama
- Department of Urology, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Schuichi Koizumi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Jianglin Fan
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Masayuki Takeda
- Department of Urology, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Jian Yao
- Division of Molecular Signaling, Department of Advanced Biomedical Research, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
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20
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Towner RA, Wisniewski AB, Wu DH, Van Gordon SB, Smith N, North JC, McElhaney R, Aston CE, Shobeiri SA, Kropp BP, Greenwood-Van Meerveld B, Hurst RE. A Feasibility Study to Determine Whether Clinical Contrast Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging can Detect Increased Bladder Permeability in Patients with Interstitial Cystitis. J Urol 2016; 195:631-8. [PMID: 26307161 PMCID: PMC4760854 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2015.08.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome is a bladder pain disorder associated with voiding symptomatology and other systemic chronic pain disorders. Currently diagnosing interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome is complicated as patients present with a wide range of symptoms, physical examination findings and clinical test responses. One hypothesis is that interstitial cystitis symptoms arise from increased bladder permeability to urine solutes. This study establishes the feasibility of using contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging to quantify bladder permeability in patients with interstitial cystitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Permeability alterations in bladder urothelium were assessed by intravesical administration of the magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent Gd-DTPA (Gd-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid) in a small cohort of patients. Magnetic resonance imaging signal intensity in patient and control bladders was compared regionally and for entire bladders. RESULTS Quantitative assessment of magnetic resonance imaging signal intensity indicated a significant increase in signal intensity in anterior bladder regions compared to posterior regions in patients with interstitial cystitis (p <0.01) and significant increases in signal intensity in anterior bladder regions (p <0.001). Kurtosis (shape of probability distribution) and skewness (measure of probability distribution asymmetry) were associated with contrast enhancement in total bladders in patients with interstitial cystitis vs controls (p <0.05). Regarding symptomatology interstitial cystitis cases differed significantly from controls on the SF-36®, PUF (Pelvic Pain and Urgency/Frequency) and ICPI (Interstitial Cystitis Problem Index) questionnaires with no overlap in the score range in each group. ICSI (Interstitial Cystitis Symptom Index) differed significantly but with a slight overlap in the range of scores. CONCLUSIONS Data suggest that contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging provides an objective, quantifiable measurement of bladder permeability that could be used to stratify bladder pain patients and monitor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rheal A Towner
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.
| | - Amy B Wisniewski
- Department of Urology, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Dee H Wu
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Samuel B Van Gordon
- Department of Urology, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Nataliya Smith
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Justin C North
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Rayburt McElhaney
- Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Christopher E Aston
- Department of Pediatrics, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - S Abbas Shobeiri
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Bradley P Kropp
- Department of Urology, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | | | - Robert E Hurst
- Department of Urology, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
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21
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Zhang X, Yao J, Gao K, Chi Y, Mitsui T, Ihara T, Sawada N, Kamiyama M, Fan J, Takeda M. AMPK Suppresses Connexin43 Expression in the Bladder and Ameliorates Voiding Dysfunction in Cyclophosphamide-induced Mouse Cystitis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19708. [PMID: 26806558 PMCID: PMC4726257 DOI: 10.1038/srep19708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder voiding dysfunction is closely related to local oxidation, inflammation, and enhanced channel activities. Given that the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and channel-inhibiting properties, we examined whether and how AMPK affected bladder activity. AMPK activation in rat bladder smooth muscle cells (BSMCs) using three different AMPK agonists resulted in a decrease in connexin43 (Cx43) expression and function, which was associated with reduced CREB phosphorylation, Cx43 promoter activity and mRNA expression, but not Cx43 degradation. Downregulation of CREB with siRNA increased Cx43 expression. A functional analysis revealed that AMPK weakened BSMC contraction and bladder capacity. AMPK also counteracted the IL-1β- and TNFα-induced increase in Cx43 in BSMCs. In vivo administration of the AMPK agonist AICAR attenuated cyclophosphamide-initiated bladder oxidation, inflammation, Cx43 expression and voiding dysfunction. Further analysis comparing the responses of the wild-type (Cx43(+/+)) and heterozygous (Cx43(+/-)) Cx43 mice to cyclophosphamide revealed that the Cx43(+/-) mice retained a relatively normal micturition pattern compared to the Cx43(+/+) mice. Taken together, our results indicate that AMPK inhibits Cx43 in BSMCs and improves bladder activity under pathological conditions. We propose that strategies that target AMPK can be developed as novel therapeutic approaches for treating bladder dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiling Zhang
- Department of Molecular Signaling, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
- Department of Urology, The 4th affiliated hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jian Yao
- Department of Molecular Signaling, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kun Gao
- Department of Molecular Signaling, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yuan Chi
- Department of Molecular Signaling, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Takahiko Mitsui
- Department of Urology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Ihara
- Department of Urology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Norifumi Sawada
- Department of Urology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Manabu Kamiyama
- Department of Urology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Jianglin Fan
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Masayuki Takeda
- Department of Urology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
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22
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Towner RA, Smith N, Saunders D, Van Gordon SB, Tyler KR, Wisniewski AB, Greenwood-Van Meerveld B, Hurst RE. Assessment of colon and bladder crosstalk in an experimental colitis model using contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2015; 27:1571-9. [PMID: 26303228 PMCID: PMC4624485 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) consists of two chronic remitting-relapsing inflammatory disorders in the colon referred to as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease (CD). Inflammatory bowel disease affects about 1.4 million Americans. 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis is a widely used model of experimental intestinal inflammation with characteristic transmural and segmental lesions that are similar to CD. METHODS Here, we report on the use of contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CE-MRI) to monitor in vivo bladder permeability changes resulting from bladder crosstalk following colon TNBS exposure, and TNBS-induced colitis. Changes in MRI signal intensities and histology were evaluated for both colon and bladder regions. KEY RESULTS Uptake of contrast agent in the colon demonstrated a significant increase in signal intensity (SI) for TNBS-exposed rats (p < 0.01) compared to controls. In addition, a significant increase in bladder SI for colon TNBS-exposed rats (p < 0.001) was observed compared to saline controls. Histological damage within the colon was observed, however, bladder histology indicated a normal urothelium in rats with TNBS-induced colitis, despite increased permeability seen by CE-MRI. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Contrast-enhanced MRI was able to quantitatively measure inflammation associated with TNBS-induced colitis, and assess bladder crosstalk measured as an increase in urothelial permeability. Although CE-MRI is routinely used to assess inflammation with IBD, currently there is no diagnostic test to assess bladder crosstalk with this disease, and our developed method may be useful in providing crosstalk information between organ and tissue systems in IBD patients, in addition to colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rheal A. Towner
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA,Corresponding Author: Rheal A. Towner, Ph.D., Director, Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA, , Phone: 405-272-7383
| | - Nataliya Smith
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Debra Saunders
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Samuel B. Van Gordon
- Department of Urology, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Karl R. Tyler
- Department of Physiology, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Amy B. Wisniewski
- Department of Urology, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | | | - Robert E. Hurst
- Department of Urology, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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