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Banchi P, Spanoghe L, Maes D, Morrell J, Van Soom A. The reproductive microbiome in dogs: Friend or foe? Vet J 2024; 304:106100. [PMID: 38484870 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
The microbiome of the reproductive tract is an area of research in full development. Specifically, the microbiome may be involved in reproductive health, disease, and pregnancy outcomes, as has been shown in humans and animals, including dogs. The aim of the present review was to summarize current knowledge on the microbiome of the canine reproductive tract, to expose the controversial role that some bacterial agents may play in canine subfertility, and to highlight future research perspectives. This review discussed whether the use of antimicrobials in dogs is appropriate to increase reproductive performance and to treat subfertility without proper diagnosis, and the possible use of probiotics to modulate the reproductive canine microbiome. Finally, we indicate areas in which scientific knowledge is currently lacking, and could be promising directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penelope Banchi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke 9820, Belgium; Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco 10095, Italy.
| | - Lotte Spanoghe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke 9820, Belgium
| | - Dominiek Maes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke 9820, Belgium
| | - Jane Morrell
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala 75007, Sweden
| | - Ann Van Soom
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke 9820, Belgium
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2
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Micks E, Reed SD, Mitchell C. The Postmenopausal Vaginal Microbiome and Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause. Clin Obstet Gynecol 2024; 67:79-88. [PMID: 38032828 PMCID: PMC10873068 DOI: 10.1097/grf.0000000000000832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes our current understanding of associations of the postmenopausal vaginal microbiome with genitourinary syndrome of menopause. We review the normal postmenopausal microbiota, examine the association of the microbiome with vulvovaginal symptoms, describe microbial communities associated with physical and laboratory findings, and report the impact of different treatments for genitourinary syndrome of menopause on microbiota and symptom improvement. Postmenopausal vaginal symptoms have an underlying pathophysiology that has not been fully elucidated. Estrogen treatment may not be sufficient to relieve symptoms of vaginal discomfort in all postmenopausal individuals. In addition, other interventions targeted at changing the microbiota or pH do not consistently improve symptom severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Micks
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Susan D Reed
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Caroline Mitchell
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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3
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Shaposhnikov LA, Tishkov VI, Pometun AA. Lactobacilli and Klebsiella: Two Opposites in the Fight for Human Health. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2024; 89:S71-S89. [PMID: 38621745 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297924140050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
The problem of antibiotic resistance is currently very acute. Numerous research and development of new antibacterial drugs are being carried out that could help cope with various infectious agents. One of the promising directions for the search for new antibacterial drugs is the search among the probiotic strains present in the human gastrointestinal tract. This review is devoted to characteristics of one of these probiotic strains that have been studied to date: Limosilactobacillus reuteri. The review discusses its properties, synthesis of various compounds, as well as role of this strain in modulating various systems of the human body. The review also examines key characteristics of one of the most harmful among the currently known pathogenic organisms, Klebsiella, which is significantly resistant to antibiotics existing in medical practice, and also poses a great threat of nosocomial infections. Discussion of characteristics of the two strains, which have opposite effects on human health, may help in creation of new effective antibacterial drugs without significant side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid A Shaposhnikov
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Centre "Fundamentals of Biotechnology" of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Vladimir I Tishkov
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Centre "Fundamentals of Biotechnology" of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Anastasia A Pometun
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Centre "Fundamentals of Biotechnology" of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia.
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Institute of Medicine, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, 117198, Russia
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Gill B, Schwecht I, Rahman N, Dhawan T, Verschoor C, Nazli A, Kaushic C. Metabolic signature for a dysbiotic microbiome in the female genital tract: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Reprod Immunol 2023; 90:e13781. [PMID: 37766408 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The vaginal microbiome (VMB) is a critical determinant of reproductive health, where a microbial shift towards a dysbiotic environment has implications for susceptibility to, and clinical presentation of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Metabolomic profiling of the vaginal microenvironment has led to the identification of metabolic responses to clinical conditions of dysbiosis. However, no studies have examined metabolic markers that are common across conditions and can serve as a signature for vaginal dysbiosis. METHOD OF STUDY We have conducted a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis to identify consistently deregulated metabolites along with their impact on host and microbial metabolism during dysbiosis. We employed two complementary approaches including a vote counting analysis for all eligible studies identified in the systematic review, in addition to a meta-analysis for a subset of studies with sufficient available data. Significantly deregulated metabolites were then selected for pathway enrichment analysis. RESULTS Our results revealed a total of 502 altered metabolites reported across 10 dysbiotic conditions from 16 studies. Following a rigorous, collective analysis, six metabolites which were consistently downregulated and could be generalized to all dysbiotic conditions were identified. In addition, five downregulated and one upregulated metabolite was identified from a bacterial vaginosis (BV) focused sub-analysis. These metabolites have the potential to serve as a metabolic signature for vaginal dysbiosis. Their role in eight altered metabolic pathways indicates a disruption of amino acid, carbohydrate, and energy metabolism during dysbiosis. CONCLUSION Based on this analysis, we propose a schematic model outlining the common metabolic perturbations associated with vaginal dysbiosis, which can be potential targets for therapeutics and prophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biban Gill
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- McMaster Immunology Research Center, Michael G. DeGroote Center for Learning and Discovery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Ingrid Schwecht
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- McMaster Immunology Research Center, Michael G. DeGroote Center for Learning and Discovery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Nuzhat Rahman
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- McMaster Immunology Research Center, Michael G. DeGroote Center for Learning and Discovery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Tushar Dhawan
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- McMaster Immunology Research Center, Michael G. DeGroote Center for Learning and Discovery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Chris Verschoor
- Health Sciences North Research Institute, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, ON, Canada
| | - Aisha Nazli
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- McMaster Immunology Research Center, Michael G. DeGroote Center for Learning and Discovery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Charu Kaushic
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- McMaster Immunology Research Center, Michael G. DeGroote Center for Learning and Discovery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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5
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Stabile G, Topouzova GA, De Seta F. The role of microbiota in the management of genitourinary syndrome of menopause. Climacteric 2023; 26:353-360. [PMID: 37366082 DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2023.2223923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
It is estimated that the 25-50% of women who are reaching menopause every year report symptoms related to the genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM). The symptoms are not due simply to lack of estrogen. One possible contributing cause of symptoms is the vaginal microbiota. The vaginal microbiota is a dynamic entity and plays a critical role in the pathogenic interplay of postmenopausal changes. Treatment of this syndrome depends on the severity and type of the symptoms and on the preferences and expectations of women. As there are many treatment options, therapy should be individualized. While new evidence on the role of Lactobacilli in premenopause is emerging, the role of Lactobacilli is still unclear in GSM and the impact of microbiota on vaginal health remains conflictual. However, some reports show promising data on the effect of probiotic therapy in menopause. In the literature there are few studies and small population samples on the role of an exclusive therapy with Lactobacilli and further data will be mandatory. Studies involving large numbers of patients and different intervention periods will be necessary to obtain evidence of the preventive and curative role of vaginal probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Stabile
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS 'Burlo Garofolo', Trieste, Italy
| | - G A Topouzova
- UCO ClinicaOstetrica e Ginecologica, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - F De Seta
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS 'Burlo Garofolo', Trieste, Italy
- UCO ClinicaOstetrica e Ginecologica, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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Miko E, Barakonyi A. The Role of Hydrogen-Peroxide (H 2O 2) Produced by Vaginal Microbiota in Female Reproductive Health. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051055. [PMID: 37237921 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Female reproductive health is strongly associated with healthy vaginal microbiota, which is thought to be ensured by the dominance of certain Lactobacillus species. Lactobacilli control the vaginal microenvironment through several factors and mechanisms. One of them is their ability to produce hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The role of Lactobacillus-derived H2O2 in the vaginal microbial community has been intensively investigated in several studies with many designs. However, results and data are controversial and challenging to interpret in vivo. Defining the underlying mechanisms responsible for a physiological vaginal ecosystem is crucial since it could directly affect probiotic treatment attempts. This review aims to summarize current knowledge on the topic, focusing on probiotic treatment possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Miko
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 12 Szigeti Street, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Janos Szentagothai Research Centre, 20 Ifjusag Street, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Aliz Barakonyi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 12 Szigeti Street, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Janos Szentagothai Research Centre, 20 Ifjusag Street, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
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7
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Armstrong E, Kaul R, Cohen CR. Optimizing the vaginal microbiome as a potential strategy to reduce heterosexual HIV transmission. J Intern Med 2023; 293:433-444. [PMID: 36544257 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a proinflammatory genital condition characterized by high vaginal bacterial diversity and a paucity of Lactobacillus species. BV has been linked to an elevated risk of HIV acquisition among HIV-negative women and of forward HIV transmission to male sex partners among women living with HIV (adjusted hazard ratios of 1.69 and 3.17, respectively), potentially by eliciting genital inflammation in women with BV and their male sex partners. BV is also highly prevalent among women in sub-Saharan Africa, suggesting that BV treatment may have potential as an HIV prevention strategy. BV is typically treated with antibiotics but recurrence rates are high, possibly because treatment does not directly promote Lactobacillus growth. More recently, BV treatment strategies incorporating live biotherapeutic lactobacilli have led to sustained optimization of the vaginal microbiome and a decrease in inflammatory biomarkers previously associated with HIV susceptibility. Future studies are urgently needed to evaluate BV treatment strategies that can optimize the vaginal microbiome in the long term through colonization with H2 O2 -producing vaginal lactobacilli and to assess whether vaginal microbiota optimization is able to reduce the risk of HIV transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Armstrong
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Rupert Kaul
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Craig R Cohen
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
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Chopra C, Bhushan I, Mehta M, Koushal T, Gupta A, Sharma S, Kumar M, Khodor SA, Sharma S. Vaginal microbiome: considerations for reproductive health. Future Microbiol 2022; 17:1501-1513. [DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2022-0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbial communities are an indispensable part of the human defense system and coexist with humans as symbionts, contributing to the metabolic functions and immune defense against pathogens. An ecologically stable vaginal microbiota is dominated by Lactobacillus species, which plays an important role in the prevention of genital infections by controlling the vaginal pH, reducing glycogen to lactic acid, and stimulating bacteriocins and hydrogen peroxide. In contrast, an abnormal vaginal microbial composition is associated with an increased risk of bacterial vaginosis, trichomoniasis, sexually transmitted diseases, preterm labor and other birth defects. This microbial diversity is affected by race, ethnicity, pregnancy, hormonal changes, sexual activities, hygiene practices and other conditions. In the present review, we discuss the changes in the microbial community of the vaginal region at different stages of a female's life cycle and its influence on her reproductive health and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chitrakshi Chopra
- School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, Jammu & Kashmir, 182320, India
| | - Indu Bhushan
- School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, Jammu & Kashmir, 182320, India
| | - Malvika Mehta
- School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, Jammu & Kashmir, 182320, India
| | - Tanvi Koushal
- School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, Jammu & Kashmir, 182320, India
| | - Amita Gupta
- Department of Gynecology, Government Medical College, Jammu, (J&K), 180001, India
| | - Sarika Sharma
- Department of Sponsored Research, Division of Research & Development, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, 26999, Qatar
| | | | - Sandeep Sharma
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
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9
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Chen Q, Wang H, Wang G, Zhao J, Chen H, Lu X, Chen W. Lactic Acid Bacteria: A Promising Tool for Menopausal Health Management in Women. Nutrients 2022; 14:4466. [PMID: 36364729 PMCID: PMC9654486 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Menopause is a period during which women undergo dramatic hormonal changes. These changes lead to physical and mental discomfort, are greatly afflictive, and critically affect women's lives. However, the current safe and effective management measures for women undergoing menopause are insufficient. Several probiotic functions of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been recognized, including alleviation of lactose intolerance, protection of digestive tract health, activation of the immune system, protection against infections, improvement of nutrient uptake, and improvement of the microbiota. In this review, we highlight the currently available knowledge of the potential protective effects of LAB on preventing or mitigating menopausal symptoms, particularly in terms of maintaining balance in the vaginal microbiota, reducing bone loss, and regulating the nervous system and lipid metabolism. Given the increasing number of women entering menopause and the emphasis on the management of menopausal symptoms, LAB are likely to soon become an indispensable part of clinical/daily care for menopausal women. Herein, we do not intend to provide a comprehensive analysis of each menopausal disorder or to specifically judge the reliability and safety of complementary therapies; rather, we aim to highlight the potential roles of LAB in individualized treatment strategies for the clinical management of menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Haojue Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wuxi Xishan People’s Hospital, Wuxi 214105, China
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Yangzhou Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou 225004, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Yangzhou Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou 225004, China
| | - Haiqin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Yangzhou Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou 225004, China
| | - Xianyi Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wuxi Xishan People’s Hospital, Wuxi 214105, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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Wang N, Chen L, Yi K, Zhang B, Li C, Zhou X. The effects of microbiota on reproductive health: A review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:1486-1507. [PMID: 36066460 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2117784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Reproductive issues are becoming an increasing global problem. There is increasing interest in the relationship between microbiota and reproductive health. Stable microbiota communities exist in the gut, reproductive tract, uterus, testes, and semen. Various effects (e.g., epigenetic modifications, nervous system, metabolism) of dysbiosis in the microbiota can impair gamete quality; interfere with zygote formation, embryo implantation, and embryo development; and increase disease susceptibility, thus adversely impacting reproductive capacity and pregnancy. The maintenance of a healthy microbiota can protect the host from pathogens, increase reproductive potential, and reduce the rates of adverse pregnancy outcomes. In conclusion, this review discusses microbiota in the male and female reproductive systems of multiple animal species. It explores the effects and mechanisms of microbiota on reproduction, factors that influence microbiota composition, and applications of microbiota in reproductive disorder treatment and detection. The findings support novel approaches for managing reproductive diseases through microbiota improvement and monitoring. In addition, it will stimulate further systematic explorations of microbiota-mediated effects on reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lu Chen
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Kangle Yi
- Hunan Institute of Animal and Veterinary Science, Changsha, China
| | - Baizhong Zhang
- Hunan Institute of Animal and Veterinary Science, Changsha, China
| | - Chunjin Li
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xu Zhou
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Wu S, Hugerth LW, Schuppe-Koistinen I, Du J. The right bug in the right place: opportunities for bacterial vaginosis treatment. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2022; 8:34. [PMID: 35501321 PMCID: PMC9061781 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-022-00295-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a condition in which the vaginal microbiome presents an overgrowth of obligate and facultative anaerobes, which disturbs the vaginal microbiome balance. BV is a common and recurring vaginal infection among women of reproductive age and is associated with adverse health outcomes and a decreased quality of life. The current recommended first-line treatment for BV is antibiotics, despite the high recurrence rate. Live biopharmaceutical products/probiotics and vaginal microbiome transplantation (VMT) have also been tested in clinical trials for BV. In this review, we discuss the advantages and challenges of current BV treatments and interventions. Furthermore, we provide our understanding of why current clinical trials with probiotics have had mixed results, which is mainly due to not administering the correct bacteria to the correct body site. Here, we propose a great opportunity for large clinical trials with probiotic strains isolated from the vaginal tract (e.g., Lactobacillus crispatus) and administered directly into the vagina after pretreatment.
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12
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Lehtoranta L, Ala-Jaakkola R, Laitila A, Maukonen J. Healthy Vaginal Microbiota and Influence of Probiotics Across the Female Life Span. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:819958. [PMID: 35464937 PMCID: PMC9024219 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.819958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaginal microbiota plays a central role in women’s health and reproduction. Vaginal microbiota is dynamic and shaped by hormonal shifts in each stage of a woman’s life from pre-puberty to postmenopause. Current research has mainly focused on vaginal bacterial and fungal members of the community and emphasized their role in disease. However, the impact of balanced vaginal microbiota on health and its interaction with the host is yet poorly understood. High abundance of vaginal lactobacilli is most strongly associated with health, but the concept of health may vary as vaginal dysbiosis may be asymptomatic. Furthermore, there is a lot of variation between ethnic groups in terms of dominating vaginal bacteria. Probiotic lactobacilli could be a safe and natural means to balance and maintain healthy vaginal microbiota. Research evidence is accumulating on their role in supporting women’s health throughout life. This review describes the current literature on vaginal microbiota, the major factors affecting its composition, and how the communities change in different life stages. Furthermore, we focused on reviewing available literature on probiotics and their impact on vaginal microbiota and health.
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13
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Armstrong E, Hemmerling A, Miller S, Burke KE, Newmann SJ, Morris SR, Reno H, Huibner S, Kulikova M, Nagelkerke N, Coburn B, Cohen CR, Kaul R. Sustained effect of LACTIN-V (Lactobacillus crispatus CTV-05) on genital immunology following standard bacterial vaginosis treatment: results from a randomised, placebo-controlled trial. THE LANCET MICROBE 2022; 3:e435-e442. [PMID: 35659905 PMCID: PMC9188188 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-5247(22)00043-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bacterial vaginosis might increase HIV risk by eliciting genital inflammation and epithelial barrier disruption, whereas vaginal Lactobacillus crispatus is associated with immune quiescence and HIV protection. We investigated the effect of a live biotherapeutic containing L crispatus CTV-05 (LACTIN-V) on genital immunology and key vaginal bacteria. Methods This substudy included women aged 18–45 years who participated in the randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 2b trial of LACTIN-V to reduce bacterial vaginosis recurrence, conducted at four universities and hospitals in the USA. Women with negative results for sexually transmitted infection, pregnancy, and urinary tract infection were provided a 5-day course of vaginal metronidazole 0·75% gel. Those who met at least three of four clinical Amsel criteria for bacterial vaginosis and had a Nugent score of 4–10 from Gram staining were eligible. Participants in the LACTIN-V trial were randomly assigned (2:1) to receive either LACTIN-V or placebo, applied vaginally once per day for 5 days during the first week and then twice per week for 10 more weeks. Follow-up visits occurred 4, 8, 12, and 24 weeks after enrolment. Soluble immune factors and the absolute abundance of bacterial taxa were assayed by mutliplex ELISA and quantitative PCR. The primary outcomes were vaginal levels of IL-1α and soluble E-cadherin at 24 weeks (ie, 13 weeks after treatment cessation). Findings Between Feb 21, 2020 and March 18, 2021, we characterised genital immune parameters and the vaginal microbiota in a subset of 66 highly adherent participants who were randomly selected, with no exclusion criteria, from those who had attended all study follow-up visits (n=166) in the larger LACTIN-V clinical trial (n=288). 32 (48%) participants received LACTIN-V and 34 (52%) received placebo. LACTIN-V treatment was significantly associated with lower concentrations of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1α (β coefficient 0·310, SE 0·149; p=0·042) and soluble E-cadherin (0·429, 0·199; p=0·035), a biomarker of epithelial barrier disruption. Interpretation Vaginal administration of LACTIN-V following standard bacterial vaginosis therapy resulted in a sustained reduction in genital inflammation and a biomarker of epithelial integrity. The potential of LACTIN-V to reduce HIV susceptibility merits further investigation. Funding Canadian Institutes of Health Research and the National Institutes of Health National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.
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Zhang Y, Lyu J, Ge L, Huang L, Peng Z, Liang Y, Zhang X, Fan S. Probiotic Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GR-1 and Limosilactobacillus reuteri RC-14 as an Adjunctive Treatment for Bacterial Vaginosis Do Not Increase the Cure Rate in a Chinese Cohort: A Prospective, Parallel-Group, Randomized, Controlled Study. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:669901. [PMID: 34295831 PMCID: PMC8291149 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.669901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of metronidazole and oral probiotics adjunct to metronidazole in the treatment of bacterial vaginosis (BV). One hundred and twenty-six Chinese women with BV were enrolled in this parallel, controlled trial, and were randomly assigned into two study arms: the metronidazole group, which was prescribed metronidazole vaginal suppositories for 7 days, and the adjunctive probiotic group, which received Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GR-1 and Limosilactobacillus reuteri RC-14 orally for 30 days as an adjunct to metronidazole. Clinical symptoms and Nugent scores at the initial visit, 30 days and 90 days were compared. There was no significant difference of the 30-day total cure rate between the adjunctive probiotic group (57.69%) and the metronidazole group (59.57%), with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.97 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.70 to 1.35, p-value = 0.04), or of the 90-day total cure rate (36.54% vs. 48.94%, OR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.47 to 1.19; p-value = 0.213). Also, no significant difference of the vaginal and faecal microbial diversity and structure between the two groups at 0, 30 or 90 days were shown based on 16S rRNA sequences. The probiotic species were rarely detected in either the vaginal microbiota or the faecal microbiota after administration which may revealed the cause of noneffective of oral probiotics. No serious adverse effects were reported in the trial. The study indicated that oral probiotic adjunctive treatment did not increase the cure rate of Chinese BV patients compared to metronidazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongke Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shenzhen PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory on Technology for Early Diagnosis of Major Gynaecological Disease, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinli Lyu
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lan Ge
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liting Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shenzhen PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory on Technology for Early Diagnosis of Major Gynaecological Disease, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhuobing Peng
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yiheng Liang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shenzhen PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory on Technology for Early Diagnosis of Major Gynaecological Disease, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shenzhen PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory on Technology for Early Diagnosis of Major Gynaecological Disease, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shangrong Fan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shenzhen PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory on Technology for Early Diagnosis of Major Gynaecological Disease, Shenzhen, China
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Joseph RJ, Ser HL, Kuai YH, Tan LTH, Arasoo VJT, Letchumanan V, Wang L, Pusparajah P, Goh BH, Ab Mutalib NS, Chan KG, Lee LH. Finding a Balance in the Vaginal Microbiome: How Do We Treat and Prevent the Occurrence of Bacterial Vaginosis? Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:719. [PMID: 34203908 PMCID: PMC8232816 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10060719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) has been reported in one-third of women worldwide at different life stages, due to the complex balance in the ecology of the vaginal microbiota. It is a common cause of abnormal vaginal discharge and is associated with other health issues. Since the first description of anaerobic microbes associated with BV like Gardnerella vaginalis in the 1950s, researchers have stepped up the game by incorporating advanced molecular tools to monitor and evaluate the extent of dysbiosis within the vaginal microbiome, particularly on how specific microbial population changes compared to a healthy state. Moreover, treatment failure and BV recurrence rate remain high despite the standard antibiotic treatment. Consequently, researchers have been probing into alternative or adjunct treatments, including probiotics or even vaginal microbiota transplants, to ensure successful treatment outcomes and reduce the colonization by pathogenic microbes of the female reproductive tract. The current review summarizes the latest findings in probiotics use for BV and explores the potential of vaginal microbiota transplants in restoring vaginal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Jane Joseph
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group (NBDD), Microbes and Bioresource Research Strength (MBRS), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia; (R.J.J.); (H.-L.S.); (Y.-H.K.); (L.T.-H.T.); (V.L.); (P.P.); (N.-S.A.M.)
| | - Hooi-Leng Ser
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group (NBDD), Microbes and Bioresource Research Strength (MBRS), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia; (R.J.J.); (H.-L.S.); (Y.-H.K.); (L.T.-H.T.); (V.L.); (P.P.); (N.-S.A.M.)
| | - Yi-He Kuai
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group (NBDD), Microbes and Bioresource Research Strength (MBRS), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia; (R.J.J.); (H.-L.S.); (Y.-H.K.); (L.T.-H.T.); (V.L.); (P.P.); (N.-S.A.M.)
| | - Loh Teng-Hern Tan
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group (NBDD), Microbes and Bioresource Research Strength (MBRS), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia; (R.J.J.); (H.-L.S.); (Y.-H.K.); (L.T.-H.T.); (V.L.); (P.P.); (N.-S.A.M.)
- Clinical School Johor Bahru, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Johor Bahru 80100, Malaysia;
| | | | - Vengadesh Letchumanan
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group (NBDD), Microbes and Bioresource Research Strength (MBRS), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia; (R.J.J.); (H.-L.S.); (Y.-H.K.); (L.T.-H.T.); (V.L.); (P.P.); (N.-S.A.M.)
| | - Lijing Wang
- Vascular Biology Research Institute, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China;
| | - Priyia Pusparajah
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group (NBDD), Microbes and Bioresource Research Strength (MBRS), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia; (R.J.J.); (H.-L.S.); (Y.-H.K.); (L.T.-H.T.); (V.L.); (P.P.); (N.-S.A.M.)
| | - Bey-Hing Goh
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory Research Group (BMEX), School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia;
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Nurul-Syakima Ab Mutalib
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group (NBDD), Microbes and Bioresource Research Strength (MBRS), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia; (R.J.J.); (H.-L.S.); (Y.-H.K.); (L.T.-H.T.); (V.L.); (P.P.); (N.-S.A.M.)
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), UKM Medical Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Kok-Gan Chan
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
- International Genome Centre, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Learn-Han Lee
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group (NBDD), Microbes and Bioresource Research Strength (MBRS), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia; (R.J.J.); (H.-L.S.); (Y.-H.K.); (L.T.-H.T.); (V.L.); (P.P.); (N.-S.A.M.)
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16
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Petrova MI, Reid G, Ter Haar JA. Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GR-1, a.k.a. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1: Past and Future Perspectives. Trends Microbiol 2021; 29:747-761. [PMID: 33865678 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2021.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GR-1 (LGR-1) (previously classified as Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1) is the most researched probiotic strain for women's health. Its various urogenital health effects, including a reduction in the recurrence of bacterial vaginosis and urinary-tract infection, are well documented. The strain has also been safely used by HIV-positive subjects, a portion of whom have reported reduced diarrhea and increased CD4 counts. Unlike most probiotic strains used for urogenital health, LGR-1 has been extensively studied for its properties, including its genomic and metabolic traits and its surface properties. This review aims to highlight the totality of research performed with LGR-1, to act as a rigorous scientific benchmark for probiotic microbes, especially for application to women's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya I Petrova
- Microbiome Insights and Probiotics Consultancy, Karlovo, Bulgaria.
| | - Gregor Reid
- Canadian Research and Development Centre for Human Microbiome and Probiotics, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Department of Surgery, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
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17
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Vaginal Probiotics for Reproductive Health and Related Dysbiosis: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10071461. [PMID: 33918150 PMCID: PMC8037567 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10071461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of probiotics in reproductive-related dysbiosis is an area of continuous progress due to the growing interest from clinicians and patients suffering from recurrent reproductive microbiota disorders. An imbalance in the natural colonization sites related to reproductive health—vaginal, cervicovaginal, endometrial, and pregnancy-related altered microbiota—could play a decisive role in reproductive outcomes. Oral and vaginal administrations are in continuous discussion regarding the clinical effects pursued, but the oral route is used and studied more often despite the need for further transference to the colonization site. The aim of the present review was to retrieve the standardized protocols of vaginal probiotics commonly used for investigating their microbiota modulation capacities. Most of the studies selected focused on treating bacterial vaginosis (BV) as the most common dysbiosis; a few studies focused on vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) and on pretreatment during in vitro fertilization (IVF). Vaginal probiotic doses administered were similar to oral probiotics protocols, ranging from ≥107 CFU/day to 2.5 × 1010 CFU/day, but were highly variable regarding the treatment duration timing. Moderate vaginal microbiota modulation was achieved; the relative abundance of abnormal microbiota decreased and Lactobacillus species increased.
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18
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Kiousi DE, Rathosi M, Tsifintaris M, Chondrou P, Galanis A. Pro-biomics: Omics Technologies To Unravel the Role of Probiotics in Health and Disease. Adv Nutr 2021; 12:1802-1820. [PMID: 33626128 PMCID: PMC8483974 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The comprehensive characterization of probiotic action has flourished during the past few decades, alongside the evolution of high-throughput, multiomics platforms. The integration of these platforms into probiotic animal and human studies has provided valuable insights into the holistic effects of probiotic supplementation on intestinal and extraintestinal diseases. Indeed, these methodologies have informed about global molecular changes induced in the host and residing commensals at multiple levels, providing a bulk of metagenomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic data. The meaningful interpretation of generated data remains a challenge; however, the maturation of the field of systems biology and artificial intelligence has supported analysis of results. In this review article, we present current literature on the use of multiomics approaches in probiotic studies, we discuss current trends in probiotic research, and examine the possibility of tailor-made probiotic supplementation. Lastly, we delve deeper into newer technologies that have been developed in the last few years, such as single-cell multiomics analyses, and provide future directions for the maximization of probiotic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despoina Eugenia Kiousi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Marina Rathosi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Margaritis Tsifintaris
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Pelagia Chondrou
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
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19
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Abstract
Postpartum uterine diseases are common in dairy cows and are a great concern for the dairy industry as they are associated with various consequences, including lower fertility, lower milk yield, and an overall negative impact on the host health. An infected uterus is a source of bacterial compounds and cytokines that spill into the systemic circulation, spreading inflammation to other organs. In this review article, we discuss a short overview of the anatomy of the reproductive tract of dairy cows and several infectious diseases of the uterus including metritis, endometritis, and pyometra. Additionally, we discuss the microbiome of the reproductive tract in health and during uterine diseases. As well, diagnostic criteria for metritis and endometritis and contributing factors for increased susceptibility to metritis infection are important topics of this review. To better understand how the uterus and reproductive tract respond to bacterial pathogens, a section of this review is dedicated to immunity of the reproductive tract. Both the innate and adaptive immunity systems are also discussed. We conclude the review with a factual discussion about the current treatments of uterine diseases and the new developments in the area of application of probiotics for uterine health. Mechanisms of actions of probiotics are discussed in detail and also some applications to prevent uterine infections in dairy cows are discussed.
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20
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Koirala R, Gargari G, Arioli S, Taverniti V, Fiore W, Grossi E, Anelli GM, Cetin I, Guglielmetti S. Effect of oral consumption of capsules containing Lactobacillus paracasei LPC-S01 on the vaginal microbiota of healthy adult women: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind crossover study. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2020; 96:5834546. [PMID: 32383767 PMCID: PMC7261233 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiaa084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral consumption of probiotics is practical and can be an effective solution to preserve vaginal eubiosis. Here, we studied the ability of orally administered Lactobacillus paracasei LPC-S01 (DSM 26760) to affect the composition of the vaginal microbiota and colonize the vaginal mucosa in nondiseased adult women. A total of 40 volunteers took oral probiotic (24 billion CFU) or placebo capsules daily for 4 weeks, and after a 4-week washout, they switched to placebo or probiotic capsules according to the crossover design. A total of 23 volunteers completed the study according to the protocol. Before and after capsule ingestion, vaginal swabs were collected for qPCR quantification to detect L. paracasei LPC-S01 and for 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Vaginal swabs were grouped according to their bacterial taxonomic structure into nine community state types (CSTs), four of which were dominated by lactobacilli. Lactobacillus paracasei LPC-S01 was detected in the vagina of two participants. Statistical modeling (including linear mixed-effects model analysis) demonstrated that daily intake of probiotic capsules reduced the relative abundance of Gardnerella spp. Quantitative PCR with Gardnerella vaginalis primers confirmed this result. Considering the pathogenic nature of G. vaginalis, these results suggest a potential positive effect of this probiotic capsule on the vaginal microbial ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjan Koirala
- Division of Food Microbiology and Bioprocesses, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, via Luigi Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgio Gargari
- Division of Food Microbiology and Bioprocesses, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, via Luigi Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Arioli
- Division of Food Microbiology and Bioprocesses, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, via Luigi Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Taverniti
- Division of Food Microbiology and Bioprocesses, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, via Luigi Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Walter Fiore
- Sofar S.p.A., Via Firenze 40, 20060, Trezzano Rosa (MI), Trezzano Rosa, Italy
| | - Elena Grossi
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco University Hospital, University of Milan, Via Giovanni Battista Grassi 74, 20157, Milan, Italy
| | - Gaia Maria Anelli
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco University Hospital, University of Milan, Via Giovanni Battista Grassi 74, 20157, Milan, Italy
| | - Irene Cetin
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco University Hospital, University of Milan, Via Giovanni Battista Grassi 74, 20157, Milan, Italy
| | - Simone Guglielmetti
- Division of Food Microbiology and Bioprocesses, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, via Luigi Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy
- Corresponding author:Division of Food Microbiology and Bioprocesses, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, via Luigi Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy. Tel: +39 0250319136; E-mail:
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21
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Santoro A, Zhao J, Wu L, Carru C, Biagi E, Franceschi C. Microbiomes other than the gut: inflammaging and age-related diseases. Semin Immunopathol 2020; 42:589-605. [PMID: 32997224 PMCID: PMC7666274 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-020-00814-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
During the course of evolution, bacteria have developed an intimate relationship with humans colonizing specific body sites at the interface with the body exterior and invaginations such as nose, mouth, lung, gut, vagina, genito-urinary tract, and skin and thus constituting an integrated meta-organism. The final result has been a mutual adaptation and functional integration which confers significant advantages to humans and bacteria. The immune system of the host co-evolved with the microbiota to develop complex mechanisms to recognize and destroy invading microbes, while preserving its own bacteria. Composition and diversity of the microbiota change according to development and aging and contribute to humans' health and fitness by modulating the immune system response and inflammaging and vice versa. In the last decades, we experienced an explosion of studies on the role of gut microbiota in aging, age-related diseases, and longevity; however, less reports are present on the role of the microbiota at different body sites. In this review, we describe the key steps of the co-evolution between Homo sapiens and microbiome and how this adaptation can impact on immunosenescence and inflammaging. We briefly summarized the role of gut microbiota in aging and longevity while bringing out the involvement of the other microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelia Santoro
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Jiangchao Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72703, USA
| | - Lu Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Ciriaco Carru
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University Hospital (AOU) - University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Elena Biagi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FABIT), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- Laboratory of Systems Medicine of Healthy Aging and Department of Applied Mathematics, Lobachevsky University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
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22
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O'Connell TM. The Application of Metabolomics to Probiotic and Prebiotic Interventions in Human Clinical Studies. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10030120. [PMID: 32213886 PMCID: PMC7143099 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10030120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an ever-increasing appreciation for our gut microbiota that plays a crucial role in the maintenance of health, as well as the development of disease. Probiotics are live bacteria that are consumed to increase the population of beneficial bacteria and prebiotics are dietary substrates intended to promote the propagation of beneficial bacteria. In order to optimize the use of probiotics and prebiotics, a more complete biochemical understanding of the impact that these treatments have on the community and functioning of the gut microbiota is required. Nucleic acid sequencing methods can provide highly detailed information on the composition of the microbial communities but provide less information on the actual function. As bacteria impart much of their influence on the host through the production of metabolites, there is much to be learned by the application of metabolomics. The focus of this review is on the use of metabolomics in the study of probiotic and prebiotic treatments in the context of human clinical trials. Assessment of the current state of this research will help guide the design of future studies to further elucidate the biochemical mechanism by which probiotics and prebiotics function and pave the way toward more personalized applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M O'Connell
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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23
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van de Wijgert JHHM, Verwijs MC, Agaba SK, Bronowski C, Mwambarangwe L, Uwineza M, Lievens E, Nivoliez A, Ravel J, Darby AC. Intermittent Lactobacilli-containing Vaginal Probiotic or Metronidazole Use to Prevent Bacterial Vaginosis Recurrence: A Pilot Study Incorporating Microscopy and Sequencing. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3884. [PMID: 32127550 PMCID: PMC7054572 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60671-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is associated with HIV acquisition and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Recurrence after metronidazole treatment is high. HIV-negative, non-pregnant Rwandan BV patients were randomized to four groups (n = 17/group) after seven-day oral metronidazole treatment: behavioral counseling only (control), or counseling plus intermittent use of oral metronidazole, Ecologic Femi+ vaginal capsule (containing multiple Lactobacillus and one Bifidobacterium species), or Gynophilus LP vaginal tablet (L. rhamnosus 35) for two months. Vaginal microbiota assessments at all visits included Gram stain Nugent scoring and 16S rRNA gene qPCR and HiSeq sequencing. All interventions were safe. BV (Nugent 7-10) incidence was 10.18 per person-year at risk in the control group, and lower in the metronidazole (1.41/person-year; p = 0.004), Ecologic Femi+ (3.58/person-year; p = 0.043), and Gynophilus LP groups (5.36/person-year; p = 0.220). In mixed effects models adjusted for hormonal contraception/pregnancy, sexual risk-taking, and age, metronidazole and Ecologic Femi+ users, each compared to controls, had higher Lactobacillus and lower BV-anaerobes estimated concentrations and/or relative abundances, and were less likely to have a dysbiotic vaginal microbiota type by sequencing. Inter-individual variability was high and effects disappeared soon after intervention cessation. Lactobacilli-based vaginal probiotics warrant further evaluation because, in contrast to antibiotics, they are not expected to negatively affect gut microbiota or cause antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janneke H H M van de Wijgert
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Marijn C Verwijs
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Stephen K Agaba
- Rinda Ubuzima, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Christina Bronowski
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Lambert Mwambarangwe
- Rinda Ubuzima, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Mireille Uwineza
- Rinda Ubuzima, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
| | | | | | - Jacques Ravel
- Institute of Genome Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, USA
| | - Alistair C Darby
- Centre for Genomic Research, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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24
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Aluthge ND, Van Sambeek DM, Carney-Hinkle EE, Li YS, Fernando SC, Burkey TE. BOARD INVITED REVIEW: The pig microbiota and the potential for harnessing the power of the microbiome to improve growth and health1. J Anim Sci 2019; 97:3741-3757. [PMID: 31250899 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skz208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of microorganisms inhabit the gastrointestinal tract of animals including bacteria, archaea, fungi, protozoa, and viruses. Pioneers in gut microbiology have stressed the critical importance of diet:microbe interactions and how these interactions may contribute to health status. As scientists have overcome the limitations of culture-based microbiology, the importance of these interactions has become more clear even to the extent that the gut microbiota has emerged as an important immunologic and metabolic organ. Recent advances in metagenomics and metabolomics have helped scientists to demonstrate that interactions among the diet, the gut microbiota, and the host to have profound effects on animal health and disease. However, although scientists have now accumulated a great deal of data with respect to what organisms comprise the gastrointestinal landscape, there is a need to look more closely at causative effects of the microbiome. The objective of this review is intended to provide: 1) a review of what is currently known with respect to the dynamics of microbial colonization of the porcine gastrointestinal tract; 2) a review of the impact of nutrient:microbe effects on growth and health; 3) examples of the therapeutic potential of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics; and 4) a discussion about what the future holds with respect to microbiome research opportunities and challenges. Taken together, by considering what is currently known in the four aforementioned areas, our overarching goal is to set the stage for narrowing the path towards discovering how the porcine gut microbiota (individually and collectively) may affect specific host phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirosh D Aluthge
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE
| | | | | | - Yanshuo S Li
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE
| | | | - Thomas E Burkey
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE
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Wijgert JHHM, Verwijs MC. Lactobacilli‐containing vaginal probiotics to cure or prevent bacterial or fungal vaginal dysbiosis: a systematic review and recommendations for future trial designs. BJOG 2019; 127:287-299. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.15870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- JHHM Wijgert
- Institute of Infection and Global Health University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht University Utrecht the Netherlands
| | - MC Verwijs
- Institute of Infection and Global Health University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
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The influence of probiotics on genital high-risk human papilloma virus clearance and quality of cervical smear: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. BMC WOMENS HEALTH 2019; 19:103. [PMID: 31340789 PMCID: PMC6657108 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-019-0798-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Probiotics has been shown to be effective in reducing vaginal colonization of pathogenic organisms. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of probiotic strains Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 and Lactobacillus reuteri RC-14 on genital high-risk human papilloma virus (HR-HPV) clearance and quality of cervical smear. Methods This was a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. Women with genital HR-HPV infection were randomized into study and control groups. A probiotic or placebo preparation was administered orally (one capsule daily) until negative HR-HPV testing. A cervical smear and HR-HPV tests were performed at the beginning of the study and every 3 months thereafter until a negative result was obtained. Results A total of 121 women with genital HR-HPV infection were enrolled (62 in the study group and 59 in the control group). There was no significant difference in HR-HPV clearance rate between the two groups (58.1% vs. 54.2%). The only factor predicting HR-HPV clearance was a lower initial viral load (HR 3.214; 95% CI: 1.398, 7.392; p = 0.006). Twenty-two women had a mildly abnormal initial cervical smear and nine had an unsatisfactory smear. At 6 months follow-up, both mildly abnormal cervical smear and unsatisfactory smear rates had decreased significantly in the study group compared to the control group (p = 0.017 and 0.027). Conclusions The application of probiotic strains Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 and Lactobacillus reuteri RC-14 did not influence genital HR-HPV clearance, but may have decreased the rates of mildly abnormal and unsatisfactory cervical smears. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01599416, May, 2012. Retrospectively registered.
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Monteagudo-Mera A, Rastall RA, Gibson GR, Charalampopoulos D, Chatzifragkou A. Adhesion mechanisms mediated by probiotics and prebiotics and their potential impact on human health. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:6463-6472. [PMID: 31267231 PMCID: PMC6667406 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09978-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Adhesion ability to the host is a classical selection criterion for potential probiotic bacteria that could result in a transient colonisation that would help to promote immunomodulatory effects, as well as stimulate gut barrier and metabolic functions. In addition, probiotic bacteria have a potential protective role against enteropathogens through different mechanisms including production of antimicrobial compounds, reduction of pathogenic bacterial adhesion and competition for host cell binding sites. The competitive exclusion by probiotic bacteria has a beneficial effect not only on the gut but also in the urogenital tract and oral cavity. On the other hand, prebiotics may also act as barriers to pathogens and toxins by preventing their adhesion to epithelial receptors. In vitro studies with different intestinal cell lines have been widely used along the last decades to assess the adherence ability of probiotic bacteria and pathogen antagonism. However, extrapolation of these results to in vivo conditions still remains unclear, leading to the need of optimisation of more complex in vitro approaches that include interaction with the resident microbiota to address the current limitations. The aim of this mini review is to provide a comprehensive overview on the potential effect of the adhesive properties of probiotics and prebiotics on the host by focusing on the most recent findings related with adhesion and immunomodulatory and antipathogenic effect on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Monteagudo-Mera
- Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AH, UK.
| | - Robert A Rastall
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO Box 226, Reading, RG6 6AP, UK
| | - Glenn R Gibson
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO Box 226, Reading, RG6 6AP, UK
| | - Dimitris Charalampopoulos
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO Box 226, Reading, RG6 6AP, UK
| | - Afroditi Chatzifragkou
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO Box 226, Reading, RG6 6AP, UK.
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Day RLJ, Harper AJ, Woods RM, Davies OG, Heaney LM. Probiotics: current landscape and future horizons. Future Sci OA 2019; 5:FSO391. [PMID: 31114711 PMCID: PMC6511921 DOI: 10.4155/fsoa-2019-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years there has been a rapid rise in interest for the application of probiotic supplements to act as mediators in health and disease. This appeal is predominantly due to ever-increasing evidence of the interaction of the microbiota and pathophysiological processes of disease within the human host. This narrative review considers the current landscape of the probiotic industry and its research, and discusses current pitfalls in the lack of translation from laboratory science to clinical application. Future considerations into how industry and academia must adapt probiotic research to maximize success are suggested, including more targeted application of probiotic strains dependent on individual capabilities as well as application of multiple advanced analytical technologies to further understand and accelerate microbiome science.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rachel M Woods
- School of Sport, Exercise & Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Owen G Davies
- School of Sport, Exercise & Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Liam M Heaney
- School of Sport, Exercise & Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
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Benner M, Ferwerda G, Joosten I, van der Molen RG. How uterine microbiota might be responsible for a receptive, fertile endometrium. Hum Reprod Update 2019; 24:393-415. [PMID: 29668899 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmy012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fertility depends on a receptive state of the endometrium, influenced by hormonal and anatomical adaptations, as well as the immune system. Local and systemic immunity is greatly influenced by microbiota. Recent discoveries of 16S rRNA in the endometrium and the ability to detect low-biomass microbiota fueled the notion that the uterus may be indeed a non-sterile compartment. To date, the concept of the 'sterile womb' focuses on in utero effects of microbiota on offspring and neonatal immunity. However, little awareness has been raised regarding the importance of uterine microbiota for endometrial physiology in reproductive health; manifested in fertility and placentation. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE Commensal colonization of the uterus has been widely discussed in the literature. The objective of this review is to outline the possible importance of this uterine colonization for a healthy, fertile uterus. We present the available evidence regarding uterine microbiota, focusing on recent findings based on 16S rRNA, and depict the possible importance of uterine colonization for a receptive endometrium. We highlight a possible role of uterine microbiota for host immunity and tissue adaptation, as well as conferring protection against pathogens. Based on knowledge of the interaction of the mucosal immune cells of the gut with the local microbiome, we want to investigate the potential implications of commensal colonization for uterine health. SEARCH METHODS PubMed and Google Scholar were searched for articles in English indexed from 1 January 2008 to 1 March 2018 for '16S rRNA', 'uterus' and related search terms to assess available evidence on uterine microbiome analysis. A manual search of the references within the resulting articles was performed. To investigate possible functional contributions of uterine microbiota to health, studies on microbiota of other body sites were additionally assessed. OUTCOMES Challenging the view of a sterile uterus is in its infancy and, to date, no conclusions on a 'core uterine microbiome' can be drawn. Nevertheless, evidence for certain microbiota and/or associated compounds in the uterus accumulates. The presence of microbiota or their constituent molecules, such as polysaccharide A of the Bacteroides fragilis capsule, go together with healthy physiological function. Lessons learned from the gut microbiome suggest that the microbiota of the uterus may potentially modulate immune cell subsets needed for implantation and have implications for tissue morphology. Microbiota can also be crucial in protection against uterine infections by defending their niche and competing with pathogens. Our review highlights the need for well-designed studies on a 'baseline' microbial state of the uterus representing the optimal starting point for implantation and subsequent placenta formation. WIDER IMPLICATIONS The complex interplay of processes and cells involved in healthy pregnancy is still poorly understood. The correct receptive endometrial state, including the local immune environment, is crucial not only for fertility but also placenta formation since initiation of placentation highly depends on interaction with immune cells. Implantation failure, recurrent pregnancy loss, and other pathologies of endometrium and placenta, such as pre-eclampsia, represent an increasing societal burden. More robust studies are needed to investigate uterine colonization. Based on current data, future research needs to include the uterine microbiome as a relevant factor in order to understand the players needed for healthy pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilen Benner
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10, PO Box 9101, Internal mail 469, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerben Ferwerda
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10, PO Box 9101, Internal mail 469, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Irma Joosten
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10, PO Box 9101, Internal mail 469, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Renate G van der Molen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10, PO Box 9101, Internal mail 469, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Vongsa R, Hoffman D, Shepard K, Koenig D. Comparative study of vulva and abdominal skin microbiota of healthy females with high and average BMI. BMC Microbiol 2019; 19:16. [PMID: 30654751 PMCID: PMC6337831 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-019-1391-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity is known to modulate human health in a number of ways including altering the microbiome of the gut. Very few studies have examined the how obesity may affect the microbiomes of sites distant to the gut. We hypothesized that vulva and abdominal skin may be especially susceptible to body mass index (BMI)-induced alterations in biophysical properties and the microbiome due increased maceration and skin folds at those sites. The aim of this study was to determine if high BMI (≥30) was associated with alterations in the biophysical properties and microbiomes of vulva and abdominal skin. Results The vulvar microbial communities of healthy reproductive-aged females were examined using 16S rRNA sequencing techniques. Our results show that vulvar pH of women with high body mass index (BMI) was statistically higher than that of women with average BMI. Phylogenetic analysis of the vulvar microbiota indicated that women with average BMI have a predominately Lactobacillus-dominated flora, whereas women with high BMI and higher pH were predominately colonized by Finegoldia and Corynebacterium. This BMI-associated shift in microbiota was not observed in samples collected from the exposed skin around the belly, indicating the effect is not global. Conclusion These results indicate that physiological changes associated with changes in BMI may modulate the vulva microbiome. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12866-019-1391-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Vongsa
- Kimberly Clark Corporation, 2100 County Rd II, Neenah, WI, 54956, USA.
| | - Doug Hoffman
- Kimberly Clark Corporation, 2100 County Rd II, Neenah, WI, 54956, USA
| | - Kristin Shepard
- Kimberly Clark Corporation, 2100 County Rd II, Neenah, WI, 54956, USA
| | - David Koenig
- Kimberly Clark Corporation, 2100 County Rd II, Neenah, WI, 54956, USA
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Leis E, McCann R, Standish I, Bestul A, Odom T, Finnerty C, Bennie B. Comparison of Lethal and Nonlethal Sampling Methods for the Detection of Largemouth Bass Virus (LMBV) from Largemouth Bass in the Upper Mississippi River. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH 2018; 30:217-225. [PMID: 30040163 DOI: 10.1002/aah.10029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Traditional methodologies to identify fish pathogens require euthanasia before the collection of tissue samples. While these methods are standardized and proven, there are instances where nonlethal alternatives would be preferred. Despite the need to develop nonlethal sampling techniques, few publications have focused on them and even fewer have used these approaches to identify viruses from infections occurring in wild fish populations. In this study, we compared the ability of nonlethal sampling techniques with traditional methods for the detection of Largemouth Bass virus (LMBV) from a wild population of Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides from the upper Mississippi River. Largemouth bass virus was isolated from 30% of the Largemouth Bass sampled using traditional methods where tissue samples were inoculated on Bluegill fry (BF-2) cells. Furthermore, when using tissue cell culture to isolate LMBV, there was no significant difference observed in the overall proportion that was positive between the mucus samples and the kidney and spleen samples. Mucus swabs analyzed with molecular methods (conventional PCR and quantitative PCR) were more sensitive than traditional tissue cell culture-based methods as they detected LMBV from >70% of the samples; limitations to these methods (i.e., carryover contamination) were also identified. The results of this study suggest that nonlethal sampling may be a useful option for detecting LMBV from fish populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Leis
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Midwest Fisheries Center, La Crosse Fish Health Center, 555 Lester Avenue, Onalaska, Wisconsin, 54650, USA
| | - Rebekah McCann
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Midwest Fisheries Center, La Crosse Fish Health Center, 555 Lester Avenue, Onalaska, Wisconsin, 54650, USA
| | - Isaac Standish
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Midwest Fisheries Center, La Crosse Fish Health Center, 555 Lester Avenue, Onalaska, Wisconsin, 54650, USA
| | - Anna Bestul
- Biology Department, Winona State University, 175 West Mark Street, Winona, Minnesota, 55987, USA
| | - Torri Odom
- Biology Department, Winona State University, 175 West Mark Street, Winona, Minnesota, 55987, USA
| | - Casey Finnerty
- Biology Department, Winona State University, 175 West Mark Street, Winona, Minnesota, 55987, USA
| | - Barb Bennie
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, 1725 State Street, La Crosse, Wisconson, 54601, USA
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Watson E, Reid G. Metabolomics as a clinical testing method for the diagnosis of vaginal dysbiosis. Am J Reprod Immunol 2018; 80:e12979. [PMID: 29756665 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbes play an important role in vaginal health, with lactobacilli a particularly abundant species. When dysbiosis occurs, the tools to determine whether it is a condition such as bacterial vaginosis, and whether it warrants antibiotic treatment, are currently suboptimal. We propose that standardization and implementation of an affordable metabolomics-based diagnostic technique could reduce instances of false positives, stress associated with misdiagnosis, and potentially save time and money. Basing diagnosis on the detection of pH elevated above 4.5 and specific polyamines could provide a better method to assist a physician determine whether treatment is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiley Watson
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Surgery, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Gregor Reid
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Surgery, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Centre for Human Microbiome and Probiotics, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
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Mu Q, Tavella VJ, Luo XM. Role of Lactobacillus reuteri in Human Health and Diseases. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:757. [PMID: 29725324 PMCID: PMC5917019 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 368] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri) is a well-studied probiotic bacterium that can colonize a large number of mammals. In humans, L. reuteri is found in different body sites, including the gastrointestinal tract, urinary tract, skin, and breast milk. The abundance of L. reuteri varies among different individuals. Several beneficial effects of L. reuteri have been noted. First, L. reuteri can produce antimicrobial molecules, such as organic acids, ethanol, and reuterin. Due to its antimicrobial activity, L. reuteri is able to inhibit the colonization of pathogenic microbes and remodel the commensal microbiota composition in the host. Second, L. reuteri can benefit the host immune system. For instance, some L. reuteri strains can reduce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines while promoting regulatory T cell development and function. Third, bearing the ability to strengthen the intestinal barrier, the colonization of L. reuteri may decrease the microbial translocation from the gut lumen to the tissues. Microbial translocation across the intestinal epithelium has been hypothesized as an initiator of inflammation. Therefore, inflammatory diseases, including those located in the gut as well as in remote tissues, may be ameliorated by increasing the colonization of L. reuteri. Notably, the decrease in the abundance of L. reuteri in humans in the past decades is correlated with an increase in the incidences of inflammatory diseases over the same period of time. Direct supplementation or prebiotic modulation of L. reuteri may be an attractive preventive and/or therapeutic avenue against inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xin M. Luo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
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Harvie RM, Chisholm AW, Bisanz JE, Burton JP, Herbison P, Schultz K, Schultz M. Long-term irritable bowel syndrome symptom control with reintroduction of selected FODMAPs. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:4632-4643. [PMID: 28740352 PMCID: PMC5504379 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i25.4632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the long-term effect of dietary education on a low fermentable oligosaccharide, disaccharide and polyol (FODMAP) diet on irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms and quality of life (QoL).
METHODS Participants with IBS (Rome III) were randomized to two groups. Group I commenced a low FODMAP diet at baseline. At three months, group II, so far a comparator group, crossed over to a low FODMAP diet while group I started re-challenging foods. All patients completed the IBS SSS (IBS symptom severity scoring system, 0-500 points increasing with severity), IBS QoL questionnaire (0-100 increasing with QoL), a FODMAP specific food frequency questionnaire and provided a stool sample at baseline, three and six months for microbiome analysis.
RESULTS Fifty participants were enrolled into group I (n = 23) or group II (n = 27). Participants in both groups were similar in baseline values but with more men in group I. There was a significantly lower IBS SSS (275.6 ± 63.6 to 128.8 ± 82.5 vs 246.8 ± 71.1 to 203.6 ± 70.1) (P < 0.0002) and increased QoL (68.5 ± 18.0 to 83 ± 13.4 vs 72.9 ± 12.8 to 73.3 ± 14.4) (P < 0.0001) in group I vs group II at 3 mo. The reduced IBS SSS was sustained at 6 mo in group I (160 ± 102) and replicated in group II (124 ± 76). Fiber intake decreased on the low FODMAP diet (33 ± 17 g/d to 21 ± 8 g/d) (P < 0.01) and after re-introducing FODMAP containing foods increased again to 27 ± 9 g/d. There was no change seen in the intestinal microbiome when participants adopted a low FODMAP diet.
CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that a reduction in FODMAPs improves symptoms in IBS and this improvement can be maintained while reintroducing FODMAPs.
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Kamińska D, Gajecka M. Is the role of human female reproductive tract microbiota underestimated? Benef Microbes 2017; 8:327-343. [PMID: 28504576 DOI: 10.3920/bm2015.0174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
An issue that is currently undergoing extensive study is the influence of human vaginal microbiota (VMB) on the health status of women and their neonates. Healthy women are mainly colonised with lactobacilli such as Lactobacillus crispatus, Lactobacillus jensenii, and Lactobacillus iners; however, other bacteria may be elements of the VMB, particularly in women with bacterial vaginosis. The implementation of culture-independent molecular methods in VMB characterisation, especially next-generation sequencing, have provided new information regarding bacterial diversity in the vagina, revealing a large number of novel, fastidious, and/or uncultivated bacterial species. These molecular studies have contributed new insights regarding the role of bacterial community composition. In this study, we discuss recent findings regarding the reproductive tract microbiome. Not only bacteria but also viruses and fungi constitute important components of the reproductive tract microbiome. We focus on aspects related to the impact of the maternal microbiome on foetal development, as well as the establishment of the neonatal microbiomes, including the placenta microbiome, and the haematogenous source of intrauterine infection. We also discuss whether the role of the vaginal microbiome is currently understood and appreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Kamińska
- 1 Department of Genetics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Swiecickiego 4, 60-781 Poznan, Poland
| | - M Gajecka
- 1 Department of Genetics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Swiecickiego 4, 60-781 Poznan, Poland.,2 Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszynska 32, 60-479 Poznan, Poland
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Abstract
The idea you could use lactic acid bacteria to treat and prevent recurrence of vaginal infections was ridiculed in the early 1980s. Bacteria were the bad guys to be eradicated by current and emerging antibiotic classes. Thirty years later, probiotic administration of microbes is widespread worldwide, including for vaginal and bladder health in women, and the scientific basis and clinical efficacy data for this and multiple other applications prove the viability of this concept. The development of this approach, the creation of a definition for probiotics, and the expansion to other areas of women’s health form the basis of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Reid
- Lawson Health Research Institute, 268 Grosvenor Street, London, ON N6A 4V2, Canada
- Departments of Surgery and Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
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Dying for love: Perimenopausal degeneration of vaginal microbiome drives the chronic inflammation-malignant transformation of benign prostatic hyperplasia to prostatic adenocarcinoma. Med Hypotheses 2017; 101:44-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Revised: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Bisanz JE, Suppiah P, Thomson WM, Milne T, Yeoh N, Nolan A, Ettinger G, Reid G, Gloor GB, Burton JP, Cullinan MP, Stebbings SM. The oral microbiome of patients with axial spondyloarthritis compared to healthy individuals. PeerJ 2016; 4:e2095. [PMID: 27330858 PMCID: PMC4906644 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. A loss of mucosal tolerance to the resident microbiome has been postulated in the aetiopathogenesis of spondyloarthritis, thus the purpose of these studies was to investigate microbial communities that colonise the oral cavity of patients with axial spondyloarthritis (AxSpA) and to compare these with microbial profiles of a matched healthy population. Methods. Thirty-nine participants, 17 patients with AxSpA and 22 age and gender-matched disease-free controls were recruited to the study. For patients with AxSpA, disease activity was assessed using the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI). All participants underwent a detailed dental examination to assess oral health, including the presence of periodontal disease assessed using probing pocket depth (PPD). Plaque samples were obtained and their bacterial populations were profiled using Ion Torrent sequencing of the V6 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Results.Patients with AxSpA had active disease (BASDAI 4.1 ± 2.1 [mean ± SD]), and a significantly greater prevalence of periodontitis (PPD ≥ 4 mm at ≥4 sites) than controls. Bacterial communities did not differ between the two groups with multiple metrics of α and β diversity considered. Analysis of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and higher levels of taxonomic assignment did not provide strong evidence of any single taxa associated with AxSpA in the subgingival plaque. Discussion. Although 16S rRNA gene sequencing did not identify specific bacterial profiles associated with AxSpA, there remains the potential for the microbiota to exert functional and metabolic influences in the oral cavity which could be involved in the pathogenesis of AxSpA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan E Bisanz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Canadian Centre for Human Microbiome and Probiotic Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Praema Suppiah
- School of Dentistry, University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand
| | - W Murray Thomson
- School of Dentistry, University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand
| | - Trudy Milne
- School of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; Sir John Walsh Research Institute, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand
| | - Nigel Yeoh
- Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand
| | - Anita Nolan
- Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; Oral Health, AUT, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Grace Ettinger
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Canadian Centre for Human Microbiome and Probiotic Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gregor Reid
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Canadian Centre for Human Microbiome and Probiotic Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada; Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gregory B Gloor
- Canadian Centre for Human Microbiome and Probiotic Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeremy P Burton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Canadian Centre for Human Microbiome and Probiotic Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada; Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mary P Cullinan
- School of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; Sir John Walsh Research Institute, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand
| | - Simon M Stebbings
- Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand
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Effects of low dose estrogen therapy on the vaginal microbiomes of women with atrophic vaginitis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24380. [PMID: 27103314 PMCID: PMC4840317 DOI: 10.1038/srep24380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrophic vaginitis (AV) is common in postmenopausal women, but its causes are not well understood. The symptoms, which include vaginal itching, burning, dryness, irritation, and dyspareunia, can usually be alleviated by low doses of estrogen given orally or locally. Regrettably, the composition of vaginal bacterial communities in women with AV have not been fully characterized and little is known as to how these communities change over time in response to hormonal therapy. In the present intervention study we determined the response of vaginal bacterial communities in postmenopausal women with AV to low-dose estrogen therapy. The changes in community composition in response to hormonal therapy were rapid and typified by significant increases in the relative abundance of Lactobacillus spp. that were mirrored by a decreased relative abundance of Gardnerella. These changes were paralleled by a significant four-fold increase in serum estradiol levels and decreased vaginal pH, as well as nearly a two-fold increase in the Vaginal Maturation Index (VMI). The results suggest that after menopause a vaginal microbiota dominated by species of Lactobacillus may have a beneficial role in the maintenance of health and these findings that could lead to new strategies to protect postmenopausal women from AV.
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40
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Reid G. Probiotics: definition, scope and mechanisms of action. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2016; 30:17-25. [PMID: 27048893 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
For a subject area of science, medicine and commerce to be so recently defined and investigated, few can compare to probiotics for the controversy they have incited. Barely a paper is published without the use of a different definition, or challenging the most used one, or proposing a different nuance of it. The situation has become even more surreal with the European Food and Safety Authority banning the word probiotic for use on labels. The reiteration of the FAO/WHO definition by the world's leading group of probiotic experts, should provide relative consistency in the near future, but what are the causes of these aberrations? This review will discuss the rationale for the definition, and the scope of the subject area and why alternatives emerge. While mechanisms of action are not widely proven, in vitro and some in vivo experiments support several. Ultimately, the goal of any field or product is to be understood by lay people and experts alike. Probiotics have come a long way in 100 years since Metchnikoff and 10 years since their globalization, but their evolution is far from over.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Reid
- Canadian Center for Human Microbiome and Probiotic Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.
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Nader-Macías MEF, Juárez Tomás MS. Profiles and technological requirements of urogenital probiotics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 92:84-104. [PMID: 25858665 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics, defined as live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host, are considered a valid and novel alternative for the prevention and treatment of female urogenital tract infections. Lactobacilli, the predominant microorganisms of the healthy human vaginal microbiome, can be included as active pharmaceutical ingredients in probiotics products. Several requirements must be considered or criteria fulfilled during the development of a probiotic product or formula for the female urogenital tract. This review deals with the main selection criteria for urogenital probiotic microorganisms: host specificity, potential beneficial properties, functional specifications, technological characteristics and clinical trials used to test their effect on certain physiological and pathological conditions. Further studies are required to complement the current knowledge and support the clinical applications of probiotics in the urogenital tract. This therapy will allow the restoration of the ecological equilibrium of the urogenital tract microbiome as well as the recovery of the sexual and reproductive health of women.
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Parolin C, Marangoni A, Laghi L, Foschi C, Ñahui Palomino RA, Calonghi N, Cevenini R, Vitali B. Isolation of Vaginal Lactobacilli and Characterization of Anti-Candida Activity. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131220. [PMID: 26098675 PMCID: PMC4476673 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Healthy vaginal microbiota is dominated by Lactobacillus spp., which form a critical line of defence against pathogens, including Candida spp. The present study aims to identify vaginal lactobacilli exerting in vitro activity against Candida spp. and to characterize their antifungal mechanisms of action. Lactobacillus strains were isolated from vaginal swabs of healthy premenopausal women. The isolates were taxonomically identified to species level (L. crispatus B1-BC8, L. gasseri BC9-BC14 and L. vaginalis BC15-BC17) by sequencing the 16S rRNA genes. All strains produced hydrogen peroxide and lactate. Fungistatic and fungicidal activities against C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. krusei, C. tropicalis, C. parapsilosis and C. lusitaniae were evaluated by broth micro-dilution method. The broadest spectrum of activity was observed for L. crispatus BC1, BC4, BC5 and L. vaginalis BC15, demonstrating fungicidal activity against all isolates of C. albicans and C. lusitaniae. Metabolic profiles of lactobacilli supernatants were studied by 1H-NMR analysis. Metabolome was found to be correlated with both taxonomy and activity score. Exclusion, competition and displacement experiments were carried out to investigate the interference exerted by lactobacilli toward the yeast adhesion to HeLa cells. Most Lactobacillus strains significantly reduced C. albicans adhesion through all mechanisms. In particular, L. crispatus BC2, L. gasseri BC10 and L. gasseri BC11 appeared to be the most active strains in reducing pathogen adhesion, as their effects were mediated by both cells and supernatants. Inhibition of histone deacetylases was hypothesised to support the antifungal activity of vaginal lactobacilli. Our results are prerequisites for the development of new therapeutic agents based on probiotics for prophylaxis and adjuvant therapy of Candida infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carola Parolin
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Luca Laghi
- Centre of Foodomics, Department of Agro-Food Science and Technology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Foschi
- Microbiology, DIMES, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Natalia Calonghi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Beatrice Vitali
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Geirnaert A, Wang J, Tinck M, Steyaert A, Van den Abbeele P, Eeckhaut V, Vilchez-Vargas R, Falony G, Laukens D, De Vos M, Van Immerseel F, Raes J, Boon N, Van de Wiele T. Interindividual differences in response to treatment with butyrate-producing Butyricicoccus pullicaecorum 25–3T studied in an in vitro gut model. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2015; 91:fiv054. [DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiv054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Petrova MI, Lievens E, Malik S, Imholz N, Lebeer S. Lactobacillus species as biomarkers and agents that can promote various aspects of vaginal health. Front Physiol 2015; 6:81. [PMID: 25859220 PMCID: PMC4373506 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The human body is colonized by a vast number of microorganisms collectively referred to as the human microbiota. One of the main microbiota body sites is the female genital tract, commonly dominated by Lactobacillus spp., in approximately 70% of women. Each individual species can constitute approximately 99% of the ribotypes observed in any individual woman. The most frequently isolated species are Lactobacillus crispatus, Lactobacillus gasseri, Lactobacillus jensenii and Lactobacillus iners. Residing at the port of entry of bacterial and viral pathogens, the vaginal Lactobacillus species can create a barrier against pathogen invasion since mainly products of their metabolism secreted in the cervicovaginal fluid can play an important role in the inhibition of bacterial and viral infections. Therefore, a Lactobacillus-dominated microbiota appears to be a good biomarker for a healthy vaginal ecosystem. This balance can be rapidly altered during processes such as menstruation, sexual activity, pregnancy and various infections. An abnormal vaginal microbiota is characterized by an increased diversity of microbial species, leading to a condition known as bacterial vaginosis. Information on the vaginal microbiota can be gathered from the analysis of cervicovaginal fluid, by using the Nugent scoring or the Amsel's criteria, or at the molecular level by investigating the number and type of Lactobacillus species. However, when translating this to the clinical setting, it should be noted that the absence of a Lactobacillus-dominated microbiota does not appear to directly imply a diseased condition or dysbiosis. Nevertheless, the widely documented beneficial role of vaginal Lactobacillus species demonstrates the potential of data on the composition and activity of lactobacilli as biomarkers for vaginal health. The substantiation and further validation of such biomarkers will allow the design of better targeted probiotic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya I Petrova
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp Antwerp, Belgium ; Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elke Lievens
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp Antwerp, Belgium ; Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven Leuven, Belgium
| | - Shweta Malik
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp Antwerp, Belgium ; Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nicole Imholz
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp Antwerp, Belgium ; Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sarah Lebeer
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp Antwerp, Belgium ; Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven Leuven, Belgium
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