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da Silva NS, Lombardi J, Kirchhoff F, Ferreira RS, Barraviera B, de Oliveira ALR, Cartarozzi LP. Effects of local and systemic treatment with human natural killer-1 mimetic peptide (HNK-1) after ventral root avulsion and reimplantation in mice. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2024; 30:e20230065. [PMID: 38770186 PMCID: PMC11105159 DOI: 10.1590/1678-9199-jvatitd-2023-0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Spinal ventral root injuries generate significant motoneuron degeneration, which hinders full functional recovery. The poor prognosis of functional recovery can be attributed to the use or combination of different therapeutic approaches. Several molecules have been screened as potential treatments in combination with surgical reimplantation of the avulsed roots, the gold standard approach for such injuries. Among the studied molecules, human natural killer-1 (HNK-1) stands out as it is related to the stimulation of motor axon outgrowth. Therefore, we aimed to comparatively investigate the effects of local administration of an HNK-1 mimetic peptide (mp-HNK-1) and systemic treatment with ursolic acid (UA), another HNK-1 mimetic, after ventral root avulsion and reimplantation with heterologous fibrin biopolymer (HFB). Methods Female mice of the isogenic strain C57BL/6JUnib were divided into five experimental groups: Avulsion, Reimplantation, mp-HNK-1 (in situ), and UA (systemic treatment). Mice were evaluated 2 and 12 weeks after surgery. Functional assessment was performed every four days using the Catwalk platform. Neuronal survival was analyzed by cytochemistry, and glial reactions and synaptic coverage were evaluated by immunofluorescence. Results Treatment with UA elicited long-term neuroprotection, accompanied by a decrease in microglial reactions, and reactive astrogliosis. The neuroprotective effects of UA were preceded by increased glutamatergic and GABAergic inputs in the ventral spinal cord two weeks after injury. However, a single application of mp-HNK-1 had no significant effects. Functional analysis showed that UA treatment led to an improvement in motor and sensory recovery. Conclusion Overall, the results indicate that UA is neuroprotective, acting on glial cells and synaptic maintenance, and the combination of these findings led to a better functional recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Scanavachia da Silva
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Laboratory of Nerve Regeneration, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Julia Lombardi
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Laboratory of Nerve Regeneration, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Frank Kirchhoff
- Molecular Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), University of Saarland, Homburg, Germany
- Center for Gender-specific Biology and Medicine (CGBM), University of Saarland, Homburg, Germany
| | - Rui Seabra Ferreira
- Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Benedito Barraviera
- Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Leite Rodrigues de Oliveira
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Laboratory of Nerve Regeneration, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciana Politti Cartarozzi
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Laboratory of Nerve Regeneration, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Muller KS, Tibúrcio FC, Ferreira RS, Barraviera B, Matheus SMM. Heterologous fibrin biopolymer as an emerging approach to peripheral nerve repair: a scoping review. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2024; 30:e20230060. [PMID: 38628622 PMCID: PMC11019597 DOI: 10.1590/1678-9199-jvatitd-2023-0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Nerve injuries present a substantial challenge within the medical domain due to their prevalent occurrence and significant impact. In nerve injuries, a range of physiopathological and metabolic responses come into play to stabilize and repair the resulting damage. A critical concern arises from the disruption of connections at neuromuscular junctions, leading to profound degeneration and substantial loss of muscle function, thereby hampering motor tasks. While end-to-end neurorrhaphy serves as the established technique for treating peripheral nerve injuries, achieving comprehensive morphofunctional recovery remains a formidable challenge. In pursuit of enhancing the repair process, alternative and supportive methods are being explored. A promising candidate is the utilization of heterologous fibrin biopolymer, a sealant devoid of human blood components. Notably, this biopolymer has showcased its prowess in establishing a stable and protective microenvironment at the site of use in multiple scenarios of regenerative medicine. Hence, this scoping review is directed towards assessing the effects of associating heterologous fibrin biopolymer with neurorrhaphy to treat nerve injuries, drawing upon findings from prior studies disseminated through PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Further discourse delves into the intricacies of the biology of neuromuscular junctions, nerve injury pathophysiology, and the broader utilization of fibrin sealants in conjunction with sutures for nerve reconstruction procedures. The association of the heterologous fibrin biopolymer with neurorrhaphy emerges as a potential avenue for surmounting the limitations associated with traditional sealants while also mitigating degeneration in nerves, muscles, and NMJs post-injury, thereby fostering a more conducive environment for subsequent regeneration. Indeed, queries arise regarding the long-term regenerative potential of this approach and its applicability in reconstructive surgeries for human nerve injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Silva Muller
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, São Paulo State
University (UNESP), Botucatu Institute of Biosciences, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
- Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP),
Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Felipe Cantore Tibúrcio
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, São Paulo State
University (UNESP), Botucatu Institute of Biosciences, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
- Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP),
Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Rui Seabra Ferreira
- Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP),
Botucatu, SP, Brazil
- Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), São
Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
- Center for Translational Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals Development
(CTS), Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), Botucatu, SP,
Brazil
| | - Benedito Barraviera
- Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP),
Botucatu, SP, Brazil
- Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), São
Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
- Center for Translational Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals Development
(CTS), Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), Botucatu, SP,
Brazil
| | - Selma Maria Michelin Matheus
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, São Paulo State
University (UNESP), Botucatu Institute of Biosciences, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
- Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP),
Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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Lima BHM, Cartarozzi LP, Kyrylenko S, Ferreira RS, Barraviera B, Oliveira ALR. Embryonic stem cells overexpressing high molecular weight FGF2 isoform enhance recovery of pre-ganglionic spinal root lesion in combination with fibrin biopolymer mediated root repair. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:63. [PMID: 38438875 PMCID: PMC10913678 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03676-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal ventral root avulsion results in massive motoneuron degeneration with poor prognosis and high costs. In this study, we compared different isoforms of basic fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), overexpressed in stably transfected Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), following motor root avulsion and repair with a heterologous fibrin biopolymer (HFB). METHODS In the present work, hESCs bioengineered to overexpress 18, 23, and 31 kD isoforms of FGF2, were used in combination with reimplantation of the avulsed roots using HFB. Statistical analysis was conducted using GraphPad Prism software with one-way or two-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey's or Dunnett's multiple comparison tests. Significance was set at *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, and ****p < 0.0001. RESULTS For the first set of experiments, rats underwent avulsion of the ventral roots with local administration of HFB and engraftment of hESCs expressing the above-mentioned FGF2 isoforms. Analysis of motoneuron survival, glial reaction, and synaptic coverage, two weeks after the lesion, indicated that therapy with hESCs overexpressing 31 kD FGF2 was the most effective. Consequently, the second set of experiments was performed with that isoform, so that ventral root avulsion was followed by direct spinal cord reimplantation. Motoneuron survival, glial reaction, synaptic coverage, and gene expression were analyzed 2 weeks post-lesion; while the functional recovery was evaluated by the walking track test and von Frey test for 12 weeks. We showed that engraftment of hESCs led to significant neuroprotection, coupled with immunomodulation, attenuation of astrogliosis, and preservation of inputs to the rescued motoneurons. Behaviorally, the 31 kD FGF2 - hESC therapy enhanced both motor and sensory recovery. CONCLUSION Transgenic hESCs were an effective delivery platform for neurotrophic factors, rescuing axotomized motoneurons and modulating glial response after proximal spinal cord root injury, while the 31 kD isoform of FGF2 showed superior regenerative properties over other isoforms in addition to the significant functional recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- B H M Lima
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Laboratory of Nerve Regeneration, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083-862, SP, Brazil
| | - L P Cartarozzi
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Laboratory of Nerve Regeneration, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083-862, SP, Brazil
| | - S Kyrylenko
- Biomedical Research Center, Medical Institute of Sumy State University, Sumy, 40018, Ukraine
| | - R S Ferreira
- Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, 18610-307, SP, Brazil
| | - B Barraviera
- Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, 18610-307, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexandre L R Oliveira
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Laboratory of Nerve Regeneration, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083-862, SP, Brazil.
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Kempe PRG, de Castro MV, Khuriyeh VC, Barraviera B, Ferreira RS, de Oliveira ALR. Ultrastructural Evidence of Synapse Preservation and Axonal Regeneration Following Spinal Root Repair with Fibrin Biopolymer and Therapy with Dimethyl Fumarate. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3171. [PMID: 37571065 PMCID: PMC10421511 DOI: 10.3390/polym15153171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury causes critical loss in motor and sensory function. Ventral root avulsion is an experimental model in which there is the tearing of the ventral (motor) roots from the surface of the spinal cord, resulting in several morphological changes, including motoneuron degeneration and local spinal cord circuitry rearrangements. Therefore, our goal was to test the combination of surgical repair of lesioned roots with a fibrin biopolymer and the pharmacological treatment with dimethyl fumarate, an immunomodulatory drug. Thus, adult female Lewis rats were subjected to unilateral ventral root avulsion of L4-L6 roots followed by repair with fibrin biopolymer and daily treatment with dimethyl fumarate (15 mg/Kg; gavage) for 4 weeks, the survival time post-surgery being 12 weeks; n = 5/group/technique. Treatments were evaluated by immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy, morphometry of the sciatic nerve, and motor function recovery. Our results indicate that the combination between fibrin biopolymer and dimethyl fumarate is neuroprotective since most of the synapses apposed to alfa motoneurons were preserved in clusters. Also, nerve sprouting occurred, and the restoration of the 'g' ratio and large axon diameter was achieved with the combined treatment. Such parameters were combined with up to 50% of gait recovery, observed by the walking track test. Altogether, our results indicate that combining root restoration with fibrin biopolymer and dimethyl fumarate administration can enhance motoneuron survival and regeneration after proximal lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Regina Gelinski Kempe
- Laboratory of Nerve Regeneration, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil; (P.R.G.K.); (M.V.d.C.); (V.C.K.)
| | - Mateus Vidigal de Castro
- Laboratory of Nerve Regeneration, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil; (P.R.G.K.); (M.V.d.C.); (V.C.K.)
| | - Victor Campos Khuriyeh
- Laboratory of Nerve Regeneration, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil; (P.R.G.K.); (M.V.d.C.); (V.C.K.)
| | - Benedito Barraviera
- Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-307, SP, Brazil; (B.B.); (R.S.F.J.)
| | - Rui Seabra Ferreira
- Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-307, SP, Brazil; (B.B.); (R.S.F.J.)
| | - Alexandre Leite Rodrigues de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Nerve Regeneration, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil; (P.R.G.K.); (M.V.d.C.); (V.C.K.)
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5
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Paes SM, Castro MVD, Barbosa RM, Politti Cartarozzi L, Coser LDO, Kempe PRG, Decarli MC, Moraes ÂM, Barraviera B, Ferreira Júnior RS, Oliveira ALRD. Human dental pulp stem cell monolayer and spheroid therapy after spinal motor root avulsion in adult rats. Brain Res 2023; 1802:148229. [PMID: 36592804 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.148229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injuries result in severe neurological deficits and neuronal loss, with poor functional recovery. Mesenchymal stem cells have shown promising results; therefore the present objective of this work was to compare motor recovery after treatment with human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSC) cultivated in monolayer (2D) or as spheroids (3D), following avulsion and reimplantation of spinal motor roots in adult rats. Thus, 72 adult female Lewis rats were divided into 4 groups: avulsion (AV); avulsion followed by reimplantation (AR); avulsion associated with reimplant and 2D cell therapy (AR + 2D), and avulsion associated with reimplant and 3D cell therapy (AR + 3D). The application of the cells in 2D and 3D was performed by microsurgery, with subsequent functional assessment using a walking track test (Catwalk system), immunohistochemistry, neuronal survival, and qRT-PCR in 1-, 4-, and 12-weeks post-injury. The animals in the AR + 2D and AR + 3D groups showed the highest neuronal survival rates, and immunofluorescence revealed downregulation of GFAP, and Iba-1, with preservation of synaptophysin, indicating a reduction in glial reactivity, combined with the maintenance of pre-synaptic inputs. There was an increase in anti-inflammatory (IL-4, TGFβ) and a reduction of pro-inflammatory factors (IL-6, TNFα) in animals treated with reimplantation and hDPSC. As for the functional recovery, in all analyzed parameters, the AR + 2D group performed better and was superior to the avulsion alone. Overall, our results indicate that the 2D and 3D cell therapy approaches provide successful immunomodulation and motor recovery, consistent with advanced therapies after spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Moreira Paes
- Laboratory of Nerve Regeneration, Institute of Biology (IB), State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Mateus Vidigal de Castro
- Laboratory of Nerve Regeneration, Institute of Biology (IB), State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael Maza Barbosa
- Laboratory of Nerve Regeneration, Institute of Biology (IB), State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil; School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Av. Albert Einstein, 500, Brazil
| | - Luciana Politti Cartarozzi
- Laboratory of Nerve Regeneration, Institute of Biology (IB), State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Lilian de Oliveira Coser
- Laboratory of Nerve Regeneration, Institute of Biology (IB), State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Paula Regina Gelinski Kempe
- Laboratory of Nerve Regeneration, Institute of Biology (IB), State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Monize Caiado Decarli
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Av. Albert Einstein, 500, Brazil
| | - Ângela Maria Moraes
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Av. Albert Einstein, 500, Brazil
| | - Benedito Barraviera
- Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Rui Seabra Ferreira Júnior
- Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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Lu F, Zhang G, Zhu Y, Liu Z. (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate Attenuates Spinal Motoneuron Death Induced by Brachial Plexus Root Avulsion in Rats. Curr Med Chem 2022; 29:5139-5154. [PMID: 35579165 DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666220509204151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Recent studies have indicated that epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) benefits a variety of neurological insults. This study was performed to investigate the neuroprotective effect of EGCG after brachial plexus root avulsion in SD rats.
Methods:
One hundred twenty SD rats were randomized into the following three groups: an EGCG group, an Avulsion group, and a Sham group. There were 40 rats in each group. EGCG (100 mg/kg, i.p.) or normal saline was administered to rats immediately following the injuries. The treatment was continued from day 1 to day 7, and the animals were sacrificed on days 3, 7, 14 and 28 post-surgery for the harvesting of spinal cord samples for Nissl staining, immunohistochemistry (caspase-3, p-JNK, p-c-Jun) and western blot analysis (p-JNK, JNK, p-c-Jun, c-Jun).
Results:
EGCG treatment caused significant increases in the percentage of surviving motoneurons at days 14 and 28 (P<0.05) compared to the control animals. At days 3 and 7 after avulsion, the numbers of caspase-3-positive motoneurons in the EGCG-treated animals were significantly fewer than in the control animals (P<0.05). The numbers of p-JNK-positive motoneurons and the ratio of p-JNK/JNK were no significant differences between the Avulsion group and the EGCG-treated group after injury at any time point. The numbers of p-c-Jun-positive motoneurons and the ratio of p-c-Jun/c-Jun were significantly lower in EGCG-treated group compared with the Avulsion group at 3d and 7d after injury (p<0.05).
Conclusions:
Our results indicated that motoneurons were protected by EGCG against the cell death induced by brachial plexus root avulsion, and this effect was correlated with inhibiting c-Jun phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatai Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No.4 Chongshan Dong Street, Huanggu District, Shenyang 110032, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Guodong Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No.4 Chongshan Dong Street, Huanggu District, Shenyang 110032, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Yingkang Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No.4 Chongshan Dong Street, Huanggu District, Shenyang 110032, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Zunpeng Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No.4 Chongshan Dong Street, Huanggu District, Shenyang 110032, Liaoning Province, PR China
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Perez M, Cartarozzi LP, Chiarotto GB, Guimarães FS, Oliveira ALRD. Short and long-term neuroprotective effects of cannabidiol after neonatal peripheral nerve axotomy. Neuropharmacology 2021; 197:108726. [PMID: 34303725 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Neonatal rat sciatic nerve crush mimics obstetric axonotmesis, leading to extensive loss of motor and sensory neurons. The present study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective potential of cannabidiol (CBD) and the role of cannabinoid receptors after sciatic nerve crush in neonatal rats. For that, two-day-old Wistar rats were used, organized into the following experimental groups: sciatic nerve crush plus CBD treatment (CBD), crush plus vehicle treatment (VE), crush + CBD + AM251 treatment (AM251 - CB1 inverse agonist), crush + CBD + AM630 treatment (AM630 - CB2 antagonist). Spinal motoneuron survival was evaluated by Nissl staining of the lumbar spinal cord, 5- and 56-days following injury. CBD treatment enhanced neuronal survival by ~54 % both 5 days and 8 weeks after injury. However, AM251 and AM630 treatment decreased neuronal rescue by 30 % when compared to the CBD group, suggesting that CBD acts partially through such pathways. However, in the long term, only the CB1 blockade reverted CBD positive results. Synaptic preservation was evaluated by anti-synaptophysin immunolabeling. Five days after the lesion, CBD treatment preserved ~35 % of synapses in the ventral horn, and such effect was partially reversed by CB1 inactivation. Additionally, CBD treatment reduced astroglial reaction both at 5 days (39 %, compared to VE) and 8 weeks (31 %, compared to VE) after lesion. The microglial response was acutely reduced by 62 % after CBD treatment. Overall, the results herein show that CBD is neuroprotective, increasing neuronal survival and reducing glial reaction after neonatal axotomy. Such effects require CB1 and CB2 receptors to be effective, in turn influencing neuroprotection, glial reactivity, and functional recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Perez
- Laboratory of Nerve Regeneration, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Cidade Universitaria "Zeferino Vaz", Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil; School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14040-907, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciana Politti Cartarozzi
- Laboratory of Nerve Regeneration, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Cidade Universitaria "Zeferino Vaz", Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Bortolança Chiarotto
- Laboratory of Nerve Regeneration, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Cidade Universitaria "Zeferino Vaz", Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Francisco Silveira Guimarães
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14040-907, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Leite Rodrigues de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Nerve Regeneration, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Cidade Universitaria "Zeferino Vaz", Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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Yu Z, Li H, Xia P, Kong W, Chang Y, Fu C, Wang K, Yang X, Qi Z. Application of fibrin-based hydrogels for nerve protection and regeneration after spinal cord injury. J Biol Eng 2020; 14:22. [PMID: 32774454 PMCID: PMC7397605 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-020-00244-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Traffic accidents, falls, and many other events may cause traumatic spinal cord injuries (SCIs), resulting in nerve cells and extracellular matrix loss in the spinal cord, along with blood loss, inflammation, oxidative stress (OS), and others. The continuous development of neural tissue engineering has attracted increasing attention on the application of fibrin hydrogels in repairing SCIs. Except for excellent biocompatibility, flexibility, and plasticity, fibrin, a component of extracellular matrix (ECM), can be equipped with cells, ECM protein, and various growth factors to promote damage repair. This review will focus on the advantages and disadvantages of fibrin hydrogels from different sources, as well as the various modifications for internal topographical guidance during the polymerization. From the perspective of further improvement of cell function before and after the delivery of stem cell, cytokine, and drug, this review will also evaluate the application of fibrin hydrogels as a carrier to the therapy of nerve repair and regeneration, to mirror the recent development tendency and challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyuan Yu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Ziqiang Street No. 218, Changchun, TX 130041 PR China
| | - Hongru Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Ziqiang Street No. 218, Changchun, TX 130041 PR China
| | - Peng Xia
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Ziqiang Street No. 218, Changchun, TX 130041 PR China
| | - Weijian Kong
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Ziqiang Street No. 218, Changchun, TX 130041 PR China
| | - Yuxin Chang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Ziqiang Street No. 218, Changchun, TX 130041 PR China
| | - Chuan Fu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Ziqiang Street No. 218, Changchun, TX 130041 PR China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Ziqiang Street No. 218, Changchun, TX 130041 PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Ziqiang Street No. 218, Changchun, TX 130041 PR China
| | - Zhiping Qi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Ziqiang Street No. 218, Changchun, TX 130041 PR China
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9
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Kempe PRG, Chiarotto GB, Barraviera B, Ferreira RS, de Oliveira ALR. Neuroprotection and immunomodulation by dimethyl fumarate and a heterologous fibrin biopolymer after ventral root avulsion and reimplantation. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2020; 26:e20190093. [PMID: 32518556 PMCID: PMC7250131 DOI: 10.1590/1678-9199-jvatitd-2019-0093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Ventral root avulsion (VRA) is an experimental approach in which there is an abrupt separation of the motor roots from the surface of the spinal cord. As a result, most of the axotomized motoneurons degenerate by the second week after injury, and the significant loss of synapses and increased glial reaction triggers a chronic inflammatory state. Pharmacological treatment associated with root reimplantation is thought to overcome the degenerative effects of VRA. Therefore, treatment with dimethyl fumarate (DMF), a drug with neuroprotective and immunomodulatory effects, in combination with a heterologous fibrin sealant/biopolymer (FS), a biological glue, may improve the regenerative response. Methods: Adult female Lewis rats were subjected to VRA of L4-L6 roots followed by reimplantation and daily treatment with DMF for four weeks. Survival times were evaluated 1, 4 or 12 weeks after surgery. Neuronal survival assessed by Nissl staining, glial reactivity (anti-GFAP for astrocytes and anti-Iba-1 for microglia) and synapse preservation (anti-VGLUT1 for glutamatergic inputs and anti-GAD65 for GABAergic inputs) evaluated by immunofluorescence, gene expression (pro- and anti-inflammatory molecules) and motor function recovery were measured. Results: Treatment with DMF at a dose of 15 mg/kg was found to be neuroprotective and immunomodulatory because it preserved motoneurons and synapses and decreased astrogliosis and microglial reactions, as well as downregulated the expression of pro-inflammatory gene transcripts. Conclusion: The pharmacological benefit was further enhanced when associated with root reimplantation with FS, in which animals recovered at least 50% of motor function, showing the efficacy of employing multiple regenerative approaches following spinal cord root injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula R G Kempe
- Laboratory of Nerve Regeneration, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Benedito Barraviera
- Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Rui Seabra Ferreira
- Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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10
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Buchaim DV, Cassaro CV, Shindo JVTC, Coletta BBD, Pomini KT, Rosso MPDO, Campos LMG, Ferreira RS, Barraviera B, Buchaim RL. Unique heterologous fibrin biopolymer with hemostatic, adhesive, sealant, scaffold and drug delivery properties: a systematic review. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2019; 25:e20190038. [PMID: 31839802 PMCID: PMC6894437 DOI: 10.1590/1678-9199-jvatitd-2019-0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrin biopolymers, previously referred as "fibrin glue" or "fibrin sealants", are natural biomaterials with diverse applications on health. They have hemostatic, adhesive, sealant, scaffold and drug delivery properties and have become widely used in medical and dental procedures. Historically, these biomaterials are produced from human fibrinogen and human or animal thrombin, and the possibility of transmission of infectious diseases by human blood is not ruled out. In the 1990s, to overcome this problem, a new heterologous biomaterial composed of a thrombin-like enzyme purified from Crotalus durissus terrificus venom and a cryoprecipitate rich in fibrinogen extracted from buffaloes Bubalus bubalis blood has been proposed. Therefore, a systematic review of studies on exclusively heterologous fibrin sealants published between 1989 and 2018 was carried out using the following databases: PubMed, SciELO and Google Scholar. The keyword used was "heterologous fibrin sealant". The search resulted in 35 scientific papers in PubMed, four in SciELO and 674 in Google Scholar. After applying the inclusion/exclusion criteria and complete reading of the articles, 30 studies were selected, which formed the basis of this systematic review. It has been observed that the only completely heterologous sealant is the one produced by CEVAP/UNESP. This heterologous biopolymer is proven effective by several studies published in refereed scientific journals. In addition, clinical trials phase I/II for the treatment of chronic venous ulcers authorized by the Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency (ANVISA) were completed. Preliminary results have indicated a safe and promising effective product. Phase III clinical trials will be proposed and required to validate these preliminary findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Vieira Buchaim
- Department of Biological Sciences (Anatomy), Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Bauru, SP, Brazil.,Medical and Dentistry School, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marília, SP, Brazil.,Medical School, University Center of Adamantina (UNIFAI), Adamantina, SP, Brazil
| | - Claudia Vilalva Cassaro
- Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil.,Botucatu Medical School (FMB), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Bruna Botteon Della Coletta
- Department of Biological Sciences (Anatomy), Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Karina Torres Pomini
- Department of Biological Sciences (Anatomy), Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rui Seabra Ferreira
- Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil.,Botucatu Medical School (FMB), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Benedito Barraviera
- Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil.,Botucatu Medical School (FMB), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Rogério Leone Buchaim
- Department of Biological Sciences (Anatomy), Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Bauru, SP, Brazil.,Medical and Dentistry School, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marília, SP, Brazil
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11
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Cassaro CV, Justulin LA, de Lima PR, Golim MDA, Biscola NP, de Castro MV, de Oliveira ALR, Doiche DP, Pereira EJ, Ferreira RS, Barraviera B. Fibrin biopolymer as scaffold candidate to treat bone defects in rats. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2019; 25:e20190027. [PMID: 31723344 PMCID: PMC6830407 DOI: 10.1590/1678-9199-jvatitd-2019-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone tissue repair remains a challenge in tissue engineering. Currently, new materials are being applied and often integrated with live cells and biological scaffolds. The fibrin biopolymer (FBP) proposed in this study has hemostatic, sealant, adhesive, scaffolding and drug-delivery properties. The regenerative potential of an association of FBP, biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) was evaluated in defects of rat femurs. METHODS Adult male Wistar rats were submitted to a 5-mm defect in the femur. This was filled with the following materials and/or associations: BPC; FBP and BCP; FBP and MSCs; and BCP, FBP and MSCs. Bone defect without filling was defined as the control group. Thirty and sixty days after the procedure, animals were euthanatized and subjected to computed tomography, scanning electron microscopy and qualitative and quantitative histological analysis. RESULTS It was shown that FBP is a suitable scaffold for bone defects due to the formation of a stable clot that facilitates the handling and optimizes the surgical procedures, allowing also cell adhesion and proliferation. The association between the materials was biocompatible. Progressive deposition of bone matrix was higher in the group treated with FBP and MSCs. Differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into osteogenic lineage was not necessary to stimulate bone formation. CONCLUSIONS FBP proved to be an excellent scaffold candidate for bone repair therapies due to application ease and biocompatibility with synthetic calcium-based materials. The satisfactory results obtained by the association of FBP with MSCs may provide a more effective and less costly new approach for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Vilalva Cassaro
- Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), São
Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Luis Antonio Justulin
- Extracellular Matrix Laboratory, Botucatu Biosciences Institute
(IBB), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Rodrigues de Lima
- Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), São
Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
- Botucatu Medical School (FMB), São Paulo State University (UNESP),
Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Marjorie de Assis Golim
- Flow Cytometry Laboratory, Blood Center, Botucatu Medical School
(FMB), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Natália Perussi Biscola
- Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), São
Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Mateus Vidigal de Castro
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Biosciences
Institute (IB), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Danuta Pulz Doiche
- Department of Animal Reproduction and Veterinary Radiology, School
of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Husbandry, São Paulo State University (UNESP),
Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Elenize Jamas Pereira
- Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), São
Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
- Botucatu Medical School (FMB), São Paulo State University (UNESP),
Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Rui Seabra Ferreira
- Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), São
Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
- Botucatu Medical School (FMB), São Paulo State University (UNESP),
Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Benedito Barraviera
- Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), São
Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
- Botucatu Medical School (FMB), São Paulo State University (UNESP),
Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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12
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Boldrini-França J, Pinheiro-Junior EL, Arantes EC. Functional and biological insights of rCollinein-1, a recombinant serine protease from Crotalus durissus collilineatus. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2019; 25:e147118. [PMID: 31131001 PMCID: PMC6483414 DOI: 10.1590/1678-9199-jvatitd-1471-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalent class of snake venom serine proteases (SVSP) in Viperidae venoms is the thrombin-like enzymes, which, similarly to human thrombin, convert fibrinogen into insoluble fibrin monomers. However, thrombin-like serine proteases differ from thrombin by being unable to activate factor XIII, thus leading to the formation of loose clots and fibrinogen consumption. We report the functional and biological characterization of a recombinant thrombin-like serine protease from Crotalus durissus collilineatus, named rCollinein-1. METHODS Heterologous expression of rCollinein-1 was performed in Pichia pastoris system according to a previously standardized protocol, with some modifications. rCollinein-1 was purified from the culture medium by a combination of three chromatographic steps. The recombinant toxin was tested in vitro for its thrombolytic activity and in mice for its edematogenicity, blood incoagulability and effect on plasma proteins. RESULTS When tested for the ability to induce mouse paw edema, rCollinein-1 demonstrated low edematogenic effect, indicating little involvement of this enzyme in the inflammatory processes resulting from ophidian accidents. The rCollinein-1 did not degrade blood clots in vitro, which suggests that this toxin lacks fibrinolytic activity and is not able to directly or indirectly activate the fibrinolytic system. The minimal dose of rCollinein-1 that turns the blood incoagulable in experimental mice is 7.5 mg/kg. The toxin also led to a significant increase in activated partial thromboplastin time at the dose of 1 mg/kg in the animals. Other parameters such as plasma fibrinogen concentration and prothrombin time were not significantly affected by treatment with rCollinein-1 at this dose. The toxin was also able to alter plasma proteins in mouse after 3 h of injection at a dose of 1 mg/kg, leading to a decrease in the intensity of beta zone and an increase in gamma zone in agarose gel electrophoresis. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the recombinant enzyme has no potential as a thrombolytic agent but can be applied in the prevention of thrombus formation in some pathological processes and as molecular tools in studies related to hemostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johara Boldrini-França
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto - FCFRP/USP,
Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Ecosystem Ecology, University of Vila Velha, Av.
Comissário José Dantas de Melo, 21, Boa Vista II, 29102-920, Vila Velha, ES,
Brazil
| | | | - Eliane Candiani Arantes
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto - FCFRP/USP,
Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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13
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García E, Rodríguez-Barrera R, Buzoianu-Anguiano V, Flores-Romero A, Malagón-Axotla E, Guerrero-Godinez M, De la Cruz-Castillo E, Castillo-Carvajal L, Rivas-Gonzalez M, Santiago-Tovar P, Morales I, Borlongan C, Ibarra A. Use of a combination strategy to improve neuroprotection and neuroregeneration in a rat model of acute spinal cord injury. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:1060-1068. [PMID: 30762019 PMCID: PMC6404491 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.250627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury is a very common pathological event that has devastating functional consequences in patients. In recent years, several research groups are trying to find an effective therapy that could be applied in clinical practice. In this study, we analyzed the combination of different strategies as a potential therapy for spinal cord injury. Immunization with neural derived peptides (INDP), inhibition of glial scar formation (dipyridyl: DPY), as well as the use of biocompatible matrix (fibrin glue: FG) impregnated with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were combined and then its beneficial effects were evaluated in the induction of neuroprotection and neuroregeneration after acute SCI. Sprague-Dawley female rats were subjected to a moderate spinal cord injury and then randomly allocated into five groups: 1) phosphate buffered saline; 2) DPY; 3) INDP + DPY; 4) DPY+ FG; 5) INDP + DPY + FG + MSCs. In all rats, intervention was performed 72 hours after spinal cord injury. Locomotor and sensibility recovery was assessed in all rats. At 60 days after treatment, histological examinations of the spinal cord (hematoxylin-eosin and Bielschowsky staining) were performed. Our results showed that the combination therapy (DPY+ INDP + FG + MSCs) was the best strategy to promote motor and sensibility recovery. In addition, significant increases in tissue preservation and axonal density were observed in the combination therapy group. Findings from this study suggest that the combination theapy (DPY+ INDP + FG + MSCs) exhibits potential effects on the protection and regeneration of neural tissue after acute spinal cord injury. All procedures were approved by the Animal Bioethics and Welfare Committee (approval No. 178544; CSNBTBIBAJ 090812960) on August 15, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa García
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Huixquilucan, Edo. de México, México; Centro de Investigación del Proyecto CAMINA A.C.; Ciudad de México, México
| | - Roxana Rodríguez-Barrera
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Huixquilucan, Edo. de México, México; Centro de Investigación del Proyecto CAMINA A.C.; Ciudad de México, México
| | - Vinnitsa Buzoianu-Anguiano
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Neurologicas, Hospital Especialidades CMN Siglo XXI, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Adrian Flores-Romero
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Huixquilucan, Edo. de México, México; Centro de Investigación del Proyecto CAMINA A.C.; Ciudad de México, México
| | - Emanuel Malagón-Axotla
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Huixquilucan, Edo. de México, México
| | - Marco Guerrero-Godinez
- Unidad de Rehabilitación Osteoarticular. Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación. Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Estefanía De la Cruz-Castillo
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Huixquilucan, Edo. de México, México
| | - Laura Castillo-Carvajal
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Huixquilucan, Edo. de México, México
| | - Monserrat Rivas-Gonzalez
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Huixquilucan, Edo. de México, México
| | - Paola Santiago-Tovar
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Huixquilucan, Edo. de México, México
| | - Ivis Morales
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Huixquilucan, Edo. de México, México
| | - Cesar Borlongan
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Antonio Ibarra
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Huixquilucan, Edo. de México, México; Centro de Investigación del Proyecto CAMINA A.C.; Ciudad de México, México
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14
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Spejo AB, Chiarotto GB, Ferreira ADF, Gomes DA, Ferreira RS, Barraviera B, Oliveira ALR. Neuroprotection and immunomodulation following intraspinal axotomy of motoneurons by treatment with adult mesenchymal stem cells. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:230. [PMID: 30107848 PMCID: PMC6092804 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1268-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment of spinal cord injury is dependent on neuronal survival, appropriate synaptic circuit preservation, and inflammatory environment management. In this sense, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy is a promising tool that can reduce glial reaction and provide trophic factors to lesioned neurons. METHODS Lewis adult female rats were submitted to a unilateral ventral funiculus cut at the spinal levels L4, L5, and L6. The animals were divided into the following groups: IA (intramedullary axotomy), IA + DMEM (Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium), IA + FS (fibrin sealant), IA + MSC (106 cells), and IA + FS + MSC (106 cells). Seven days after injury, qPCR (n = 5) was performed to assess gene expression of VEGF, BDNF, iNOS2, arginase-1, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-4, IL-13, and TGF-β. The cellular infiltrate at the lesion site was analyzed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and immunohistochemistry (IH) for Iba1 (microglia and macrophage marker) and arginase-1. Fourteen days after injury, spinal alpha motor neurons (MNs), evidenced by Nissl staining (n = 5), were counted. For the analysis of astrogliosis in spinal lamina IX and synaptic detachment around lesioned motor neurons (GAP-43-positive cells), anti-GFAP and anti-synaptophysin immunohistochemistry (n = 5) was performed, respectively. Twenty-eight days after IA, the gait of the animals was evaluated by the walking track test (CatWalk; n = 7). RESULTS The site of injury displayed strong monocyte infiltration, containing arginase-1-expressing macrophages. The FS-treated group showed upregulation of iNOS2, arginase-1, proinflammatory cytokine (TNF-α and IL-1β), and antiinflammatory cytokine (IL-10, IL-4, and IL-13) expression. Thus, FS enhanced early macrophage recruitment and proinflammatory cytokine expression, which accelerated inflammation. Rats treated with MSCs displayed high BDNF-positive immunolabeling, suggesting local delivery of this neurotrophin to lesioned motoneurons. This BDNF expression may have contributed to the increased neuronal survival and synapse preservation and decreased astrogliosis observed 14 days after injury. At 28 days after lesion, gait recovery was significantly improved in MSC-treated animals compared to that in the other groups. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the present data demonstrate that MSC therapy is neuroprotective and, when associated with a FS, shifts the immune response to a proinflammatory profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. B. Spejo
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP Brazil
| | - G. B. Chiarotto
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP Brazil
| | - A. D. F. Ferreira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil
| | - D. A. Gomes
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil
| | - R. S. Ferreira
- Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP Brazil
| | - B. Barraviera
- Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP Brazil
| | - A. L. R. Oliveira
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP Brazil
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15
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Fibrin glue mesh fixation combined with mesenchymal stem cells or exosomes modulates the inflammatory reaction in a murine model of incisional hernia. Acta Biomater 2018; 71:318-329. [PMID: 29462710 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Surgical meshes are effective and frequently used to reinforce soft tissues. Fibrin glue (FG) has been widely used for mesh fixation and is also considered an optimal vehicle for stem cell delivery. The aim of this preclinical study was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of MSCs and their exosomes combined with FG for the treatment of incisional hernia. A murine incisional hernia model was used to implant surgical meshes and different treatments with FG, MSCs and exo-MSCs were applied. The implanted meshes were evaluated at day 7 by anatomopathology, cellular analysis of infiltrating leukocytes and gene expression analysis of TH1/TH2 cytokines, MMPs, TIMPs and collagens. Our results demonstrated a significant increase of anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages and TH2 cytokines when MSCs or exo-MSCs were used. Moreover, the analysis of MMPs, TIMPs and collagen exerted significant differences in the extracellular matrix and in the remodeling process. Our in vivo study suggests that the fixation of surgical meshes with FG and MSCs or exo-MSCs will have a beneficial effect for the treatment of incisional hernia in terms of improved outcomes of damaged tissue, and especially, in the modulation of inflammatory responses towards a less aggressive and pro-regenerative profile. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The implantation of surgical meshes is the standard procedure to reinforce tissue defects such as hernias. However, an exacerbated and persistent inflammatory response secondary to this implantation is frequently observed, leading to a strong discomfort and chronic pain in the patients. In many cases, an additional surgical intervention is needed to remove the mesh. This study shows that mesenchymal stem cells and their exosomes, combined with a fibrin sealant, can be used for the successful fixation of these meshes. This new therapeutic approach, assayed in a murine model of incisional hernia, favors the modulation of the inflammatory response towards a less aggressive and pro-regenerative profile.
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16
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Orsi PR, Landim-Alvarenga FC, Justulin LA, Kaneno R, de Assis Golim M, Dos Santos DC, Creste CFZ, Oba E, Maia L, Barraviera B, Ferreira RS. A unique heterologous fibrin sealant (HFS) as a candidate biological scaffold for mesenchymal stem cells in osteoporotic rats. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:205. [PMID: 28962655 PMCID: PMC5622505 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0654-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The injection of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) directly into the bone of osteoporotic (OP) patients for rapid recovery has been studied worldwide. Scaffolds associated with MSCs are used to maintain and avoid cell loss after application. A unique heterologous fibrin sealant (HFS) derived from snake venom was evaluated for the cytotoxicity of its main components and as a three-dimensional biological scaffold for MSCs to repair a critical femur defect in osteoporotic rats. Methods The cytotoxicity of HFS was assessed using a 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazoliumbromide (MTT) assay and transmission electron microscopy. The cells were cultured, characterized by flow cytometry and differentiated into the osteogenic lineage. Two-month-old rats underwent ovariectomy to induce OP. After 3 months, a 5 mm critical bone defect was made in the distal end of the rat femurs and filled with HFS; HFS + MSCs; and HFS + MSCs D (differentiated into the osteogenic lineage) to evaluate the effects. An injury control group (injury and no treatment) and blank control group (no injury and no treatment) were also included. The animals were observed at days 14 and 28 by microtomographic (micro-CT) analyses, histologic and biochemical analysis, as well as scanning electron microscopy. Results The results revealed that one of the compounds of HFS, the thrombin-like enzyme extracted from snake venom, had no cytotoxic effects on the MSCs. OP was successfully induced, as demonstrated by the significant differences in the levels of 17β-estradiol, Micro-CT analyses and alkaline phosphatase between the ovariectomized (OVX) and non-ovariectomized (NOVX) groups. The histological data revealed that at 14 days after surgery in both the OVX and NOVX animals, the HFS + CTMs and HFS + CTMsD showed a higher formation of bone cells at the site in relation to the control group (without treatment). Collagen formation was evidenced through bone neoformation in all treated and control groups. No morphological differences in the femurs of the NOVX and OVX animals were observed after the surgical procedure. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed the histological analysis. Conclusions The new HFS composed of two non-toxic components for MSCs showed capacity to promote the recovery of the bone lesions in OVX and NOVX animals at 14 days after surgery. In addition, the HFS enabled the differentiation of MSCs into MSCs D in the group treated with HFS + MSCs. Using the MSCs and/or MSCs D together with this biopharmaceutical could potentially enable significant advances in the treatment of osteoporotic fractures. Future clinical trials will be necessary to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Rodrigues Orsi
- Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.,Botucatu Medical School, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Luis Antônio Justulin
- Botucatu Biosciences Institute, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Ramon Kaneno
- Botucatu Biosciences Institute, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Camila Fernanda Zorzella Creste
- Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.,Botucatu Medical School, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Eunice Oba
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Husbandry (FMVZ), UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Leandro Maia
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Husbandry (FMVZ), UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Benedito Barraviera
- Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.,Botucatu Medical School, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Rui Seabra Ferreira
- Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil. .,Botucatu Medical School, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
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17
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de Pontes LG, Cavassan NRV, de Barros LC, Ferreira Junior RS, Barraviera B, Santos LDD. Plasma proteome of buffaloes. Proteomics Clin Appl 2017; 11. [PMID: 28452126 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201600138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The proteomic approach has aroused the interest of veterinary medicine researchers, especially regarding the production of biopharmaceuticals and diagnosis of diseases in farm animals. Water buffaloes have gained prominence in the world economy due to the quality of their milk, meat, and leather, in addition to being an important donor of blood components. This work aimed to identify and characterize the proteins present in the blood plasma of Murrah buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) through 2D electrophoresis, in gel protein digestion followed by mass spectrometry technique and for albumin depletion, in solution protein digestion followed by shotgun analysis. Our results showed the identification of 112 protein spots and 35 individual proteins, respectively. The abundant proteins were represented by albumin, fibrinogen-α, fibrinogen-β, fibrinogen-γ, immunoglobulins in general, α-1-antiproteinase, α-1B-glycoprotein, α-2-HS-glycoprotein, α-macroglobulin, apolipoprotein A1, antithrombin-III, endopin 2B, fetuin-B, retinol-binding protein, serotransferrin, transthyretin and vitamin D-binding protein. Most of these proteins are related to the signaling pathways of the complement system and coagulation cascade. The results allowed a better understanding of the protein composition of these blood components, thus promoting studies on animal health in the search for molecular markers of zoonotic diseases in buffaloes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Gomes de Pontes
- Graduate Program in Tropical Diseases, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Luciana Curtolo de Barros
- Center for the Studies of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rui Seabra Ferreira Junior
- Graduate Program in Tropical Diseases, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.,Center for the Studies of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Benedito Barraviera
- Graduate Program in Tropical Diseases, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.,Center for the Studies of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucilene Delazari Dos Santos
- Graduate Program in Tropical Diseases, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.,Center for the Studies of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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18
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Ferreira RS, de Barros LC, Abbade LPF, Barraviera SRCS, Silvares MRC, de Pontes LG, Dos Santos LD, Barraviera B. Heterologous fibrin sealant derived from snake venom: from bench to bedside - an overview. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2017; 23:21. [PMID: 28396682 PMCID: PMC5379742 DOI: 10.1186/s40409-017-0109-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemostatic and adhesive agents date back to World War II, when homologous fibrin sealant came onto scene. Considering that infectious diseases can be transmitted via human blood, a new heterologous fibrin sealant was standardized in the 1990s. Its components were a serine protease (a thrombin-like enzyme) extracted from the venom of Crotalus durissus terrificus snakes and a fibrinogen-rich cryoprecipitate extracted from the blood of Bubalus bubalis buffaloes. This new bioproduct has been used as a coagulant, sealant, adhesive and recently as a candidate scaffold for mesenchymal stem cells and bone and cartilage repair. This review discusses the composition of a new heterologous fibrin sealant, and cites published articles related to its preclinical applications aiming at repairing nervous system traumas and regenerating bone marrow. Finally, we present an innovative safety trial I/II that found the product to be a safe and clinically promising candidate for treating chronic venous ulcers. A multicenter clinical trial, phase II/III, with a larger number of participants will be performed to prove the efficacy of an innovative biopharmaceutical product derived from animal venom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Seabra Ferreira
- Graduate Program in Tropical Diseases, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu, SP Brazil.,Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), São Paulo State University (UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu, SP Brazil.,CEVAP/UNESP, Avenida José Barbosa de Barros, 1780, Botucatu, SP CEP 18610-307 Brazil
| | - Luciana Curtolo de Barros
- Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), São Paulo State University (UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu, SP Brazil
| | - Luciana Patrícia Fernandes Abbade
- Department of Dermatology and Radiology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu, SP Brazil
| | | | - Maria Regina Cavariani Silvares
- Department of Dermatology and Radiology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu, SP Brazil
| | - Leticia Gomes de Pontes
- Graduate Program in Tropical Diseases, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu, SP Brazil.,Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), São Paulo State University (UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu, SP Brazil
| | - Lucilene Delazari Dos Santos
- Graduate Program in Tropical Diseases, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu, SP Brazil.,Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), São Paulo State University (UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu, SP Brazil
| | - Benedito Barraviera
- Graduate Program in Tropical Diseases, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu, SP Brazil.,Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), São Paulo State University (UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu, SP Brazil
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19
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Biscola NP, Cartarozzi LP, Ulian-Benitez S, Barbizan R, Castro MV, Spejo AB, Ferreira RS, Barraviera B, Oliveira ALR. Multiple uses of fibrin sealant for nervous system treatment following injury and disease. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2017; 23:13. [PMID: 28293254 PMCID: PMC5348778 DOI: 10.1186/s40409-017-0103-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lesions to the nervous system often produce hemorrhage and tissue loss that are difficult, if not impossible, to repair. Therefore, scar formation, inflammation and cavitation take place, expanding the lesion epicenter. This significantly worsens the patient conditions and impairment, increasing neuronal loss and glial reaction, which in turn further decreases the chances of a positive outcome. The possibility of using hemostatic substances that also function as a scaffold, such as the fibrin sealant, reduces surgical time and improve postoperative recovery. To date, several studies have demonstrated that human blood derived fibrin sealant produces positive effects in different interventions, becoming an efficient alternative to suturing. To provide an alternative to homologous fibrin sealants, the Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP, Brazil) has proposed a new bioproduct composed of certified animal components, including a thrombin-like enzyme obtained from snake venom and bubaline fibrinogen. Thus, the present review brings up to date literature assessment on the use of fibrin sealant for nervous system repair and positions the new heterologous bioproduct from CEVAP as an alternative to the commercial counterparts. In this way, clinical and pre-clinical data are discussed in different topics, ranging from central nervous system to peripheral nervous system applications, specifying positive results as well as future enhancements that are necessary for improving the use of fibrin sealant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Perussi Biscola
- Graduate Program in Tropical Diseases, Botucatu Medical School, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP Brazil.,Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP Brazil.,Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Laboratory of Nerve Regeneration, CEP 13083-970 Campinas, SP Brazil
| | - Luciana Politti Cartarozzi
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Laboratory of Nerve Regeneration, CEP 13083-970 Campinas, SP Brazil
| | - Suzana Ulian-Benitez
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Laboratory of Nerve Regeneration, CEP 13083-970 Campinas, SP Brazil.,Neuro Development Lab, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England UK
| | - Roberta Barbizan
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Laboratory of Nerve Regeneration, CEP 13083-970 Campinas, SP Brazil.,The School of Medicine at Mucuri (FAMMUC), Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys (UFVJM), 39803-371 Teófilo Otoni, MG Brazil
| | - Mateus Vidigal Castro
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Laboratory of Nerve Regeneration, CEP 13083-970 Campinas, SP Brazil
| | - Aline Barroso Spejo
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Laboratory of Nerve Regeneration, CEP 13083-970 Campinas, SP Brazil
| | - Rui Seabra Ferreira
- Graduate Program in Tropical Diseases, Botucatu Medical School, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP Brazil.,Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP Brazil
| | - Benedito Barraviera
- Graduate Program in Tropical Diseases, Botucatu Medical School, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP Brazil.,Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP Brazil
| | - Alexandre Leite Rodrigues Oliveira
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Laboratory of Nerve Regeneration, CEP 13083-970 Campinas, SP Brazil
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20
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Perussi Biscola N, Politti Cartarozzi L, Ferreira Junior RS, Barraviera B, Leite Rodrigues de Oliveira A. Long-Standing Motor and Sensory Recovery following Acute Fibrin Sealant Based Neonatal Sciatic Nerve Repair. Neural Plast 2016; 2016:9028126. [PMID: 27446617 PMCID: PMC4942656 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9028126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Brachial plexus lesion results in loss of motor and sensory function, being more harmful in the neonate. Therefore, this study evaluated neuroprotection and regeneration after neonatal peripheral nerve coaptation with fibrin sealant. Thus, P2 neonatal Lewis rats were divided into three groups: AX: sciatic nerve axotomy (SNA) without treatment; AX+FS: SNA followed by end-to-end coaptation with fibrin sealant derived from snake venom; AX+CFS: SNA followed by end-to-end coaptation with commercial fibrin sealant. Results were analyzed 4, 8, and 12 weeks after lesion. Astrogliosis, microglial reaction, and synapse preservation were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Neuronal survival, axonal regeneration, and ultrastructural changes at ventral spinal cord were also investigated. Sensory-motor recovery was behaviorally studied. Coaptation preserved synaptic covering on lesioned motoneurons and led to neuronal survival. Reactive gliosis and microglial reaction decreased in the same groups (AX+FS, AX+CFS) at 4 weeks. Regarding axonal regeneration, coaptation allowed recovery of greater number of myelinated fibers, with improved morphometric parameters. Preservation of inhibitory synaptic terminals was accompanied by significant improvement in the motor as well as in the nociceptive recovery. Overall, the present data suggest that acute repair of neonatal peripheral nerves with fibrin sealant results in neuroprotection and regeneration of motor and sensory axons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Perussi Biscola
- Department of Tropical Diseases, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 18618-000 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
- Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), São Paulo State University (UNESP), 18610-307 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciana Politti Cartarozzi
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Rui Seabra Ferreira Junior
- Department of Tropical Diseases, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 18618-000 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
- Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), São Paulo State University (UNESP), 18610-307 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Benedito Barraviera
- Department of Tropical Diseases, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 18618-000 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
- Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), São Paulo State University (UNESP), 18610-307 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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21
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Eggers R, Tannemaat MR, De Winter F, Malessy MJA, Verhaagen J. Clinical and neurobiological advances in promoting regeneration of the ventral root avulsion lesion. Eur J Neurosci 2015; 43:318-35. [PMID: 26415525 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Root avulsions due to traction to the brachial plexus causes complete and permanent loss of function. Until fairly recent, such lesions were considered impossible to repair. Here we review clinical repair strategies and current progress in experimental ventral root avulsion lesions. The current gold standard in patients with a root avulsion is nerve transfer, whereas reimplantation of the avulsed root into the spinal cord has been performed in a limited number of cases. These neurosurgical repair strategies have significant benefit for the patient but functional recovery remains incomplete. Developing new ways to improve the functional outcome of neurosurgical repair is therefore essential. In the laboratory, the molecular and cellular changes following ventral root avulsion and the efficacy of intervention strategies have been studied at the level of spinal motoneurons, the ventral spinal root and peripheral nerve, and the skeletal muscle. We present an overview of cell-based pharmacological and neurotrophic factor treatment approaches that have been applied in combination with surgical reimplantation. These interventions all demonstrate neuroprotective effects on avulsed motoneurons, often accompanied with various degrees of axonal regeneration. However, effects on survival are usually transient and robust axon regeneration over long distances has as yet not been achieved. Key future areas of research include finding ways to further extend the post-lesion survival period of motoneurons, the identification of neuron-intrinsic factors which can promote persistent and long-distance axon regeneration, and finally prolonging the pro-regenerative state of Schwann cells in the distal nerve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Eggers
- Laboratory for Neuroregeneration, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn R Tannemaat
- Laboratory for Neuroregeneration, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Fred De Winter
- Laboratory for Neuroregeneration, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Neurosurgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn J A Malessy
- Laboratory for Neuroregeneration, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Neurosurgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Joost Verhaagen
- Laboratory for Neuroregeneration, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognition research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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22
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de Barros CN, Miluzzi Yamada AL, Junior RSF, Barraviera B, Hussni CA, de Souza JB, Watanabe MJ, Rodrigues CA, Garcia Alves AL. A new heterologous fibrin sealant as a scaffold to cartilage repair-Experimental study and preliminary results. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2015; 241:1410-5. [PMID: 26264444 DOI: 10.1177/1535370215597192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autologous fibrin gel is commonly used as a scaffold for filling defects in articular cartilage. This biomaterial can also be used as a sealant to control small hemorrhages and is especially helpful in situations where tissue reparation capacity is limited. In particular, fibrin can act as a scaffold for various cell types because it can accommodate cell migration, differentiation, and proliferation. Despite knowledge of the advantages of this biomaterial and mastery of the techniques required for its application, the durability of several types of sealant at the site of injury remains questionable. Due to the importance of such data for evaluating the quality and efficiency of fibrin gel formulations on its use as a scaffold, this study sought to analyze the heterologous fibrin sealant developed from the venom of Crotalus durissus terrificus using studies in ovine experimental models. The fibrin gel developed from the venom of this snake was shown to act as a safe, stable, and durable scaffold for up to seven days, without causing adverse side effects. Fibrin gel produced from the venom of the Crotalus durissus terrificus snake possesses many clinical and surgical uses. It presents the potential to be used as a biomaterial to help repair skin lesions or control bleeding, and it may also be used as a scaffold when applied together with various cell types. The intralesional use of the fibrin gel from the venom of this snake may improve surgical and clinical treatments in addition to being inexpensive and adequately consistent, durable, and stable. The new heterologous fibrin sealant is a scaffold candidate to cartilage repair in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caio Nunes de Barros
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista), Rubião District, 18618-970 Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia Miluzzi Yamada
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista), Rubião District, 18618-970 Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rui Seabra F Junior
- Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals, São Paulo State University (UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista), Rubião District, 18618-970 Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Benedito Barraviera
- Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals, São Paulo State University (UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista), Rubião District, 18618-970 Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Hussni
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista), Rubião District, 18618-970 Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Brandão de Souza
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista), Rubião District, 18618-970 Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos Jun Watanabe
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista), Rubião District, 18618-970 Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Celso Antônio Rodrigues
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista), Rubião District, 18618-970 Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Liz Garcia Alves
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista), Rubião District, 18618-970 Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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23
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Spejo AB, Oliveira ALR. Synaptic rearrangement following axonal injury: Old and new players. Neuropharmacology 2014; 96:113-23. [PMID: 25445484 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Following axotomy, the contact between motoneurons and muscle fibers is disrupted, triggering a retrograde reaction at the neuron cell body within the spinal cord. Together with chromatolysis, a hallmark of such response to injury is the elimination of presynaptic terminals apposing to the soma and proximal dendrites of the injured neuron. Excitatory inputs are preferentially eliminated, leaving the cells under an inhibitory influence during the repair process. This is particularly important to avoid glutamate excitotoxicity. Such shift from transmission to a regeneration state is also reflected by deep metabolic changes, seen by the regulation of several genes related to cell survival and axonal growth. It is unclear, however, how exactly synaptic stripping occurs, but there is substantial evidence that glial cells play an active role in this process. In one hand, immune molecules, such as the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I, members of the complement family and Toll-like receptors are actively involved in the elimination/reapposition of presynaptic boutons. On the other hand, plastic changes that involve sprouting might be negatively regulated by extracellular matrix proteins such as Nogo-A, MAG and scar-related chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans. Also, neurotrophins, stem cells, physical exercise and several drugs seem to improve synaptic stability, leading to functional recovery after lesion. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Neuroimmunology and Synaptic Function'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Barroso Spejo
- Laboratory of Nerve Regeneration, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexandre L R Oliveira
- Laboratory of Nerve Regeneration, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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24
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Barbizan R, Castro MV, Ferreira RS, Barraviera B, Oliveira ALR. Long-term spinal ventral root reimplantation, but not bone marrow mononuclear cell treatment, positively influences ultrastructural synapse recovery and motor axonal regrowth. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:19535-51. [PMID: 25353176 PMCID: PMC4264127 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151119535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 09/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently proposed a new surgical approach to treat ventral root avulsion, resulting in motoneuron protection. The present work combined such a surgical approach with bone marrow mononuclear cells (MC) therapy. Therefore, MC were added to the site of reimplantation. Female Lewis rats (seven weeks old) were subjected to unilateral ventral root avulsion (VRA) at L4, L5 and L6 levels and divided into the following groups (n = 5 for each group): Avulsion, sealant reimplanted roots and sealant reimplanted roots plus MC. After four weeks and 12 weeks post-surgery, the lumbar intumescences were processed by transmission electron microscopy, to analyze synaptic inputs to the repaired α motoneurons. Also, the ipsi and contralateral sciatic nerves were processed for axon counting and morphometry. The ultrastructural results indicated a significant preservation of inhibitory pre-synaptic boutons in the groups repaired with sealant alone and associated with MC therapy. Moreover, the average number of axons was higher in treated groups when compared to avulsion only. Complementary to the fiber counting, the morphometric analysis of axonal diameter and “g” ratio demonstrated that root reimplantation improved the motor component recovery. In conclusion, the data herein demonstrate that root reimplantation at the lesion site may be considered a therapeutic approach, following proximal lesions in the interface of central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS), and that MC therapy does not further improve the regenerative recovery, up to 12 weeks post lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Barbizan
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), PO Box 6109, Campinas 13083-970, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Mateus V Castro
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), PO Box 6109, Campinas 13083-970, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Rui Seabra Ferreira
- Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-307, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Benedito Barraviera
- Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-307, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Alexandre L R Oliveira
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), PO Box 6109, Campinas 13083-970, São Paulo, Brazil.
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