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Yuan BY, Zhuang Y, Wu ZF, Zhao XM, Zhang L, Chen GW, Zeng ZC. miR-146a-5p Alleviates Radiation-Induced Liver Fibrosis by Regulating PTPRA-SRC Signaling in Mice. Radiat Res 2023; 200:531-537. [PMID: 38014555 DOI: 10.1667/rade-22-00017.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Patients with hepatobiliary tumors who accept radiotherapy are at risk for radiation-induced liver fibrosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of radiation-induced liver damage and possess potential as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets. However, the role of miR-146a-5p in radiation-induced liver fibrosis is less well understood. The current study was designed to evaluate the role of miR-146a-5p in radiation-induced liver fibrosis in mice and to investigate the possible mechanisms involved in miR-146a-5p-mediated effects. The experiments were performed on Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice which received fractionated radiation (30 Gy in 5 fractions) to the liver. The results show radiation could induce histopathological changes, liver dysfunction and fibrosis accompanied with decreased miR-146a-5p expression. miR-146a-5p agomir treatment resulted in recovery of liver function and reduced the amount of alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen 1, protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type A (PTPRA) and phosphorylated SRC in the livers of irradiated mice. Therefore, our study reveals that miR-146a-5p inhibits the progression of hepatic fibrosis after radiation treatment. And the beneficial role of miR-146a-5p may be relevant to PTPRA-SRC signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Ying Yuan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Zhuang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Feng Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gen-Wen Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhao-Chong Zeng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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2
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Suzuki K, Imaoka T, Tomita M, Sasatani M, Doi K, Tanaka S, Kai M, Yamada Y, Kakinuma S. Molecular and cellular basis of the dose-rate-dependent adverse effects of radiation exposure in animal models. Part II: Hematopoietic system, lung and liver. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2023; 64:228-249. [PMID: 36773331 PMCID: PMC10036110 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrad003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
While epidemiological data have greatly contributed to the estimation of the dose and dose-rate effectiveness factor (DDREF) for human populations, studies using animal models have made significant contributions to provide quantitative data with mechanistic insights. The current article aims at compiling the animal studies, specific to rodents, with reference to the dose-rate effects of cancer development. This review focuses specifically on the results that explain the biological mechanisms underlying dose-rate effects and their potential involvement in radiation-induced carcinogenic processes. Since the adverse outcome pathway (AOP) concept together with the key events holds promise for improving the estimation of radiation risk at low doses and low dose-rates, the review intends to scrutinize dose-rate dependency of the key events in animal models and to consider novel key events involved in the dose-rate effects, which enables identification of important underlying mechanisms for linking animal experimental and human epidemiological studies in a unified manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiji Suzuki
- Corresponding author, Department of Radiation Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Atomic Bomb Disease Institute. 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan. Tel:+81-95-819-7116; Fax:+81-95-819-7117; E-mail:
| | | | | | | | - Kazutaka Doi
- Department of Radiation Regulatory Science Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tanaka
- Department of Radiobiology, Institute for Environmental Sciences, 1-7 Ienomae, Obuchi, Rokkasho-mura, Kamikita-gun, Aomori 039-3212, Japan
| | - Michiaki Kai
- Nippon Bunri University, 1727-162 Ichiki, Oita, Oita 870-0397, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yamada
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Shizuko Kakinuma
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
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3
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Abd Elmonem HA, Mater SN, Eldeighdye SM. Protective role of vitamin D against radiation hazards in rats fed on high fat diet. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrras.2022.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ahmed E, Elmaghraby D, Salem F. Persea americana attenuates inflammatory response associated with hyperlipidemia in ovariectomized and irradiated rats by regulating MMP-3/TIMP-1 levels. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/2221-1691.354428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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5
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Zhu W, Zhang X, Yu M, Lin B, Yu C. Radiation-induced liver injury and hepatocyte senescence. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:244. [PMID: 34531376 PMCID: PMC8446062 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00634-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced liver injury (RILI) is a major complication of radiotherapy during treatment for liver cancer and other upper abdominal malignant tumors that has poor pharmacological therapeutic options. A series of pathological changes can be induced by radiation. However, the underlying mechanism of RILI remains unclear. Radiation can induce cell damage via direct energy deposition or reactive free radical generation. Cellular senescence can be observed due to the DNA damage response (DDR) caused by radiation. The senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) secreted from senescent cells can cause chronic inflammation and aggravate liver dysfunction for a long time. Oxidative stress further activates the signaling pathway of the inflammatory response and affects cellular metabolism. miRNAs clearly have differential expression after radiation treatment and take part in RILI development. This review aims to systematically profile the overall mechanism of RILI and the effects of radiation on hepatocyte senescence, laying foundations for the development of new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofen Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengli Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bingru Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chaohui Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Wang B, Tanaka K, Katsube T, Maruyama K, Ninomiya Y, Varès G, Liu C, Hirakawa H, Murakami M, Fardous Z, Sultana N, Fujita K, Fujimori A, Nakajima T, Nenoi M. Reduced High-Dose Radiation-Induced Residual Genotoxic Damage by Induction of Radioadaptive Response and Prophylactic Mild Dietary Restriction in Mice. Dose Response 2021; 19:1559325820982166. [PMID: 33628149 PMCID: PMC7883164 DOI: 10.1177/1559325820982166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Radioadaptive response (RAR) describes a phenomenon in a variety of in vitro and in vivo systems that a low-dose of priming ionizing radiation (IR) reduces detrimental effects of a subsequent challenge IR at higher doses. Among in vivo investigations, studies using the mouse RAR model (Yonezawa Effect) showed that RAR could significantly extenuate high-dose IR-induced detrimental effects such as decrease of hematopoietic stem cells and progenitor cells, acute radiation hematopoietic syndrome, genotoxicity and genomic instability. Meanwhile, it has been demonstrated that diet intervention has a great impact on health, and dietary restriction shows beneficial effects on numerous diseases in animal models. In this work, by using the mouse RAR model and mild dietary restriction (MDR), we confirmed that combination of RAR and MDR could more efficiently reduce radiogenotoxic damage without significant change of the RAR phenotype. These findings suggested that MDR may share some common pathways with RAR to activate mechanisms consequently resulting in suppression of genotoxicity. As MDR could also increase resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy in normal cells, we propose that combination of MDR, RAR, and other cancer treatments (i.e., chemotherapy and radiotherapy) represent a potential strategy to increase the treatment efficacy and prevent IR risk in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wang
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kaoru Tanaka
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takanori Katsube
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kouichi Maruyama
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Ninomiya
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Guillaume Varès
- Cell Signal Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Cuihua Liu
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Hirakawa
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masahiro Murakami
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Zeenath Fardous
- Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Dhaka, People's Republic of Bangladesh
| | - Nahida Sultana
- Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Dhaka, People's Republic of Bangladesh
| | - Kazuko Fujita
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Fujimori
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Nakajima
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Nenoi
- Department of Safety Administration, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
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Patterson AM, Plett PA, Chua HL, Sampson CH, Fisher A, Feng H, Unthank JL, Miller SJ, Katz BP, MacVittie TJ, Orschell CM. Development of a Model of the Acute and Delayed Effects of High Dose Radiation Exposure in Jackson Diversity Outbred Mice; Comparison to Inbred C57BL/6 Mice. HEALTH PHYSICS 2020; 119:633-646. [PMID: 32932286 PMCID: PMC9374540 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000001344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Development of medical countermeasures against radiation relies on robust animal models for efficacy testing. Mouse models have advantages over larger species due to economics, ease of conducting aging studies, existence of historical databases, and research tools allowing for sophisticated mechanistic studies. However, the radiation dose-response relationship of inbred strains is inherently steep and sensitive to experimental variables, and inbred models have been criticized for lacking genetic diversity. Jackson Diversity Outbred (JDO) mice are the most genetically diverse strain available, developed by the Collaborative Cross Consortium using eight founder strains, and may represent a more accurate model of humans than inbred strains. Herein, models of the Hematopoietic-Acute Radiation Syndrome and the Delayed Effects of Acute Radiation Exposure were developed in JDO mice and compared to inbred C57BL/6. The dose response relationship curve in JDO mice mirrored the more shallow curves of primates and humans, characteristic of genetic diversity. JDO mice were more radioresistant than C57BL/6 and differed in sensitivity to antibiotic countermeasures. The model was validated with pegylated-G-CSF, which provided significantly enhanced 30-d survival and accelerated blood recovery. Long-term JDO survivors exhibited increased recovery of blood cells and functional bone marrow hematopoietic progenitors compared to C57BL/6. While JDO hematopoietic stem cells declined more in number, they maintained a greater degree of quiescence compared to C57BL/6, which is essential for maintaining function. These JDO radiation models offer many of the advantages of small animals with the genetic diversity of large animals, providing an attractive alternative to currently available radiation animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M. Patterson
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - P. Artur Plett
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Hui Lin Chua
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Carol H. Sampson
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Alexa Fisher
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Hailin Feng
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Joseph L. Unthank
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Steve J. Miller
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Barry P. Katz
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Thomas J. MacVittie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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8
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Vares G, Ahire V, Sunada S, Ho Kim E, Sai S, Chevalier F, Romeo PH, Yamamoto T, Nakajima T, Saintigny Y. A multimodal treatment of carbon ions irradiation, miRNA-34 and mTOR inhibitor specifically control high-grade chondrosarcoma cancer stem cells. Radiother Oncol 2020; 150:253-261. [PMID: 32717360 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2020.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE High-grade chondrosarcomas are chemo- and radio-resistant cartilage-forming tumors of bone that often relapse and metastase. Thus, new therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. MATERIAL AND METHODS Chondrosarcoma cells (CH-2879) were exposed to carbon-ion irradiation, combined with miR-34 mimic and/or rapamycin administration. The effects of treatment on cancer stem cells, stemness-associated phenotype, radioresistance and tumor-initiating properties were evaluated. RESULTS We show that high-grade chondrosarcoma cells contain a population of radioresistant cancer stem cells that can be targeted by a combination of carbon-ion therapy, miR-34 mimic administration and/or rapamycin treatment that triggers FOXO3 and miR-34 over-expression. mTOR inhibition by rapamycin triggered FOXO3 and miR-34, leading to KLF4 repression. CONCLUSION Our results show that particle therapy combined with molecular treatments effectively controls cancer stem cells and may overcome treatment resistance of high-grade chondrosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Vares
- Cell Signal Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST), Japan.
| | - Vidhula Ahire
- Research Laboratory and Open Facility for Radiation Biology with Accelerated Ions (LARIA), CEA/DRF/IBFJ/IRCM, Caen, France; Centre de Recherche sur les Ions, les Matériaux et la Photonique (CIMAP), Normandie Univ/ENSICAEN/UNICAEN/CEA/CNRS, Caen, France
| | - Shigeaki Sunada
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Chiba, Japan; Department of Molecular Genetics, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Japan
| | - Eun Ho Kim
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (KIRAMS), Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sei Sai
- Department of Charged Particle Therapy Research, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Chiba, Japan
| | - François Chevalier
- Research Laboratory and Open Facility for Radiation Biology with Accelerated Ions (LARIA), CEA/DRF/IBFJ/IRCM, Caen, France; Centre de Recherche sur les Ions, les Matériaux et la Photonique (CIMAP), Normandie Univ/ENSICAEN/UNICAEN/CEA/CNRS, Caen, France
| | - Paul-Henri Romeo
- Research Laboratory on Repair and Transcription in Hematopoietic Stem Cells (LRTS), François Jacob Institute of Biology, CEA/DRF/IBFJ/IRCM, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Tadashi Yamamoto
- Cell Signal Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST), Japan
| | - Tetsuo Nakajima
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Chiba, Japan
| | - Yannick Saintigny
- Research Laboratory and Open Facility for Radiation Biology with Accelerated Ions (LARIA), CEA/DRF/IBFJ/IRCM, Caen, France; Centre de Recherche sur les Ions, les Matériaux et la Photonique (CIMAP), Normandie Univ/ENSICAEN/UNICAEN/CEA/CNRS, Caen, France.
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9
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Chou CL, Chen TJ, Lin CY, Lee SW, Wang SC, Chu SS, Yang CC. PCSK1 Overexpression in Rectal Cancer Correlates with Poor Response to Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy and Prognosis. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:3141-3150. [PMID: 32346297 PMCID: PMC7167277 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s243750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In a data mining search for potential therapeutic targets to improve the outcome of rectal cancer, we identified PCSK1 as the cell-cell signaling gene most significantly associated with poor response to concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT). This study aims to investigate the prognostic value of PCSK1 expression in rectal cancer patients who underwent neoadjuvant CCRT. Methods Endoscopic biopsy specimens from 172 rectal cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant CCRT followed by curative surgery were assessed immunohistochemically for PCSK1 expression, and H-scores were determined. Expression levels of PCSK1 were further analyzed for correlations with clinicopathologic features, tumor regression grade, metastasis-free survival, disease-specific survival, and recurrence-free survival. Results PCKS1 overexpression was significantly associated with pretreatment tumor status (T3-4; p = 0.009), pretreatment nodal status (N1-2; p < 0.001), posttreatment tumor status (T3-4; p < 0.001), posttreatment nodal status (N1-2; p < 0.001), vascular invasion (p = 0.003), and perineurial invasion (p = 0.023). PCKS1 overexpression was also found to be significantly associated with a lower degree of tumor regression (p < 0.001). In the univariate analysis, PCSK1 overexpression was significantly associated with lower disease-specific survival, metastasis-free survival, and recurrence-free survival (p < 0.005). PCSK1 overexpression remained an independent prognostic factor of lower disease-specific survival (p = 0.003; hazard ratio, 5.478) in the multivariate analysis. Conclusion Determination of PCSK1 overexpression may be useful for identifying rectal cancer patients at risk for a poor response and worse survival after CCRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Lin Chou
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ju Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Optometry, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yi Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Wei Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chang Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shou-Sheng Chu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chieh Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacy, Chia-Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
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10
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Emmons R, Ngu M, Xu G, Hernández-Saavedra D, Chen H, DE Lisio M. Effects of Obesity and Exercise on Bone Marrow Progenitor Cells after Radiation. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2019; 51:1126-1136. [PMID: 30640286 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The late effects of radiation therapy can have significant consequences for the health and quality of life of long-term cancer survivors. Radiation induces persistent alterations in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) and the bone marrow environment; however, how relevant host factors such as obesity and exercise differentially regulate HSPC content and the bone marrow environment after radiation exposure remains unknown. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate how the combination of obesity and exercise training modulates HSPC and their niche after sublethal radiation exposure in mice. METHODS Mice fed either a control or a high-fat diet to induce obesity remained sedentary or underwent a progressive treadmill exercise program. At 13 wk of age, mice were irradiated (3 Gy) and continued their specific diets and exercise program for four more weeks. RESULTS Exercise-trained mice had significantly higher quantities of several HSPC subpopulations and bone marrow stromal cell populations, whereas HSPC subpopulations were significantly lower in obese mice after radiation. Reactive oxygen species content was significantly decreased in HSPC with exercise training. Proteomics analysis of bone marrow supernatant revealed clustering of biologically relevant changes in exercise-trained mice. Functional evaluation of bone marrow supernatant revealed a significant increase in leukemia blast viability in obese mice but not in the exercise-trained mice (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Together, these data suggest that exercise training partially restores the negative effects of obesity on HSPC and their niche after radiation exposure. As such, exercise training should be considered to mitigate the late effects of radiation therapy on the hematopoietic system for cancer survivors with or without obesity who have undergone radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell Emmons
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL
| | - Matthew Ngu
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, CANADA
| | - Guanying Xu
- Department of Food Sciences and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL
| | | | - Hong Chen
- Department of Food Sciences and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL.,Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL
| | - Michael DE Lisio
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL.,School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, CANADA.,Regenerative Medicine Program, Centre on Neuromuscular Disease, and Brain and Mind Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, CANADA
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11
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Enriched developmental biology molecular pathways impact on antipsychotics-induced weight gain. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2019; 30:9-20. [PMID: 31651721 DOI: 10.1097/fpc.0000000000000390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Psychotropic-induced weight gain (PIWG) may lead to increased risk for cardiovasculardiseases, metabolic disorders and treatment discontinuation. PIWG may be genetically driven. The analysis of complete molecular pathways may grant suffcient power to tackle the biologic variance of PIWG. Such identifcation would help to move a step forward in the direction of personalized treatment in psychiatry. A genetic sample from the CATIE trial (n = 765; M = 556, mean age = 40.93 ± 11.03) treated with diverse antipsychotic drugs was investigated. A molecular pathway analysis was conducted for the identifcation of the molecular pathways enriched in variations associated with PIWG. The developmental biology molecular pathway was signifcantly (P.adj = 0.018) enriched in genetic variations signifcantly (P < 0.01) associated with PIWG. A total of 18 genes were identifed and discussed. The developmental biology molecular pathway is involved in the regulation of β-cell development, and the transcriptional regulation of white adipocyte differentiation. Results from the current contribution correlate with previous evidence and it is consistent with our earlier result on the STAR*D sample. Furthermore, the involvement of the β-cell development and the transcriptional regulation of white adipocyte differentiation pathways stress the relevance of the peripheral tissue rearrangement, rather than increased food intake, in the biologic modifcations that follow psychotropic treatment and may lead to PIWG. Further research is warranted.
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12
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Torres ERS, Hall R, Bobe G, Choi J, Impey S, Pelz C, Lindner JR, Stevens JF, Raber J. Integrated Metabolomics-DNA Methylation Analysis Reveals Significant Long-Term Tissue-Dependent Directional Alterations in Aminoacyl-tRNA Biosynthesis in the Left Ventricle of the Heart and Hippocampus Following Proton Irradiation. Front Mol Biosci 2019; 6:77. [PMID: 31552266 PMCID: PMC6746933 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2019.00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, an untargeted metabolomics approach was used to assess the effects of proton irradiation (1 Gy of 150 MeV) on the metabolome and DNA methylation pattern in the murine hippocampus and left ventricle of the heart 22 weeks following exposure using an integrated metabolomics-DNA methylation analysis. The integrated metabolomics-DNA methylation analysis in both tissues revealed significant alterations in aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, but the direction of change was tissue-dependent. Individual and total amino acid synthesis were downregulated in the left ventricle of proton-irradiated mice but were upregulated in the hippocampus of proton-irradiated mice. Amino acid tRNA synthetase methylation was mostly downregulated in the hippocampus of proton-irradiated mice, whereas no consistent methylation pattern was observed for amino acid tRNA synthetases in the left ventricle of proton-irradiated mice. Thus, proton irradiation causes long-term changes in the left ventricle and hippocampus in part through methylation-based epigenetic modifications. Integrated analysis of metabolomics and DNA methylation is a powerful approach to obtain converging evidence of pathways significantly affected. This in turn might identify biomarkers of the radiation response, help identify therapeutic targets, and assess the efficacy of mitigators directed at those targets to minimize, or even prevent detrimental long-term effects of proton irradiation on the heart and the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen Ruth S Torres
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Reed Hall
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Gerd Bobe
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States.,Department of Animal & Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Jaewoo Choi
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Soren Impey
- Oregon Stem Cell Center and Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Carl Pelz
- Oregon Stem Cell Center and Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Jonathan R Lindner
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States.,Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Jan F Stevens
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Jacob Raber
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States.,Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States.,Division of Neuroscience ONPRC, Departments of Neurology and Radiation Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
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13
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Lee SY, Kim CH, Kim YJ, Kwak HD, Ju JK, Kim HR. Obesity as an independent predictive factor for pathologic complete response after neoadjuvant chemoradiation in rectal cancer. Ann Surg Treat Res 2019; 96:116-122. [PMID: 30838183 PMCID: PMC6393413 DOI: 10.4174/astr.2019.96.3.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The predictive role of obesity on pathologic complete response (pCR) after neoadjuvant chemoradiation (nCRT) in rectal cancer remains controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the association between obesity and pathologic response in patients with rectal cancer following nCRT. METHODS A total of 320 patients with primary rectal cancer who underwent curative resection after nCRT between January 2010 and September 2014 were enrolled in this study. Obesity was defined as body mass index of ≥25 kg/m2. Clinicopathologic characteristics were analyzed to identify independent predictive factors for pCR. RESULTS Among the included patients, 23.4% (n = 75) were obese, and 14.7% (n = 47) showed pCR. Baseline characteristics were generally similar between obese and nonobese patients, except that women (P = 0.001) and cT2 tumors (P = 0.001) were more common in the obese group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that obesity (odds ratio [OR] = 2.051; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.009-4.168), cT2 (OR, 3.614; 95% CI, 1.166-11.202), and pretreatment carcinoembryonic antigen <5 ng/mL (OR, 2.921; 95% CI, 1.365-6.253) were independent predictors for pCR. Obesity was not associated with disease-free survival or local recurrence-free survival. CONCLUSION Obesity was an independent predictive factor for pCR following nCRT in rectal cancer, but was not associated with recurrence. Further studies are needed to clarify the association between obesity and prognosis of rectal cancer after nCRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Young Lee
- Department of Surgery, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Chang Hyun Kim
- Department of Surgery, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Young Jin Kim
- Department of Surgery, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Han Deok Kwak
- Department of Surgery, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jae Kyun Ju
- Department of Surgery, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hyeong Rok Kim
- Department of Surgery, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Korea
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14
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Fractionated whole body gamma irradiation modulates the hepatic response in type II diabetes of high fat diet model rats. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:2273-2283. [PMID: 30747384 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04681-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
HFD animals were exposed to a low rate of different fractionated whole body gamma irradiation doses (0.5, 1 and 2 Gy, three fractions per week for two consecutive months) and the expression of certain genes involved in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in livers and brains of HFD Wistar rats was investigated. Additionally, levels of diabetes-related proteins encoded by the studied genes were analyzed. Results indicated that mRNA level of incretin glucagon like peptite-1 receptor (GLP-1R) was augmented in livers and brains exposed to 1 and 2 Gy doses. Moreover, the mitochondrial uncoupling proteins 2 and 3 (UCP2/3) expressions in animals fed on HFD compared to those fed on normal chow diet were significantly increased at all applied doses. GLP-1R and UCP3 protein levels were up regulated in livers. Total protein content increased at 0.5 and 1 Gy gamma irradiation exposure and returned to its normal level at 2 Gy dose. Results could be an indicator of type 2 diabetes delayed development during irradiation exposure and support the importance of GLP-1R as a target gene in radiotherapy against T2DM and its chronic complications. A new hypothesis of brain-liver and intestine interface is speculated by which an increase in the hepatic GLP-1R is influenced by the effect of fractionated whole body gamma irradiation.
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15
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Premkumar K, Nair J, Shankar BS. Differential radio-adaptive responses in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice: pivotal role of calcium and nitric oxide signalling. Int J Radiat Biol 2019; 95:655-666. [PMID: 30676176 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2019.1571647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Our earlier studies demonstrated that transient radio-adaptive responses (RAR) in BALB/c mice were due to MAPK hyperactivation. The objective of this study was to determine the time duration of this low dose induced MAPK activation in BALB/c mice and to find out if similar adaptive responses are observed in C57BL/6 mice. Materials and methods: Mice were irradiated with 0.1 Gy priming dose (PD), 2 Gy challenge dose (CD) with an interval of 4 h (P + CD) and radiation induced immunosuppression in splenic lymphocytes was monitored as the endpoint for RAR. Results: Time kinetics following 0.1 Gy demonstrated persistence of MAPK hyperactivation till 48 h. Similar experiments in C57BL/6 mice indicated absence of RAR at 24 h following CD, in spite of MAPK activation which was also confirmed by time kinetics. Therefore, upstream activators of MAPK, viz., reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS, RNS) and calcium levels were estimated. There was increased intracellular calcium (Ca2+) and nitric oxide (NO) in BALB/c and an increase in intracellular ROS in C57BL/6 mice 24 h after PD. Inhibition of NO and calcium chelation abrogated RAR in BALB/c mice. In vitro treatment of spleen cells with combination of NO donor and Ca2+ ionophore mimicked the effect of PD and induced adaptive response after 2 Gy not only in BALB/c but also in C57BL/6 mice confirming their crucial role in RAR. Conclusions: These results suggest that low dose induced differential induction of Ca2+ and NO signaling along with MAPK was responsible for contrasting RAR with respect to immune system of BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. Abbreviations [3H]-TdR: 3H-methyl-thymidine; BAPTA: 1,2-bis(o-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid; CD: Challenge Dose; CFSE: Carboxy Fluorescein Succinamidyl Ester; on A: Concanavalin A; DAF-FM: 4-amino-5-methylamino-2',7'-difluorescein; DCF-DA: 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate; DSB: Double Strand Break; ELISA: Enzyme Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay; ERK: Extracellular signal-Regulated protein Kinase; FBS: Fetal Bovine Serum; HIF-1A: Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1-alpha; LDR: Low Dose Radiation; MAPK: Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase; MAPKK/MKK: MAPK Kinase; MAPKKK: MAPK Kinase Kinase; NO: Nitric Oxide; NOS: Nitric Oxide Synthase; P + CD: Priming + Challenge dose; PBS: Phosphate Buffered Saline; PBST: Phosphate Buffered Saline-Tween 20; PD: Priming Dose; PI3K: Phosphatidyl Inositol 3-Kinase; PKC: Protein Kinase C; RAR: Radio Adaptive Response; RNS: Reactive Nitrogen Species; ROS: Reactive Oxygen Species; RPMI-1640: Roswell Park Memorial Institute-1640 medium; SAPK/JNK: Stress-Activated Protein Kinase/ c-Jun NH2-terminal Kinase; SEM: Standard Error of Mean; SNAP: S-nitro amino penicillamine; TP53: Tumor Protein 53; γ-H2AX: Gamma- H2A histone family member X; Th1: Type 1 helper T cell responses; Th2: Type 2 helper T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavitha Premkumar
- a Immunology Section, Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division , Bio-Science Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Mumbai , India
| | - Jisha Nair
- a Immunology Section, Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division , Bio-Science Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Mumbai , India
| | - Bhavani S Shankar
- a Immunology Section, Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division , Bio-Science Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Mumbai , India
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16
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Radiation-Induced Reactions in The Liver - Modulation of Radiation Effects by Lifestyle-Related Factors. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123855. [PMID: 30513990 PMCID: PMC6321068 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation has a wide variety of effects on the liver. Fibrosis is a concern in medical fields as one of the acute effects of high-dose irradiation, such as with cancer radiotherapies. Cancer is also an important concern following exposure to radiation. The liver has an active metabolism and reacts to radiations. In addition, effects are modulated by many environmental factors, such as high-calorie foods or alcohol beverages. Adaptations to other environmental conditions could also influence the effects of radiation. Reactions to radiation may not be optimally regulated under conditions modulated by the environment, possibly leading to dysregulation, disease or cancer. Here, we introduce some reactions to ionizing radiation in the liver, as demonstrated primarily in animal experiments. In addition, modulation of radiation-induced effects in the liver due to factors such as obesity, alcohol drinking, or supplements derived from foods are reviewed. Perspectives on medical applications by modulations of radiation effects are also discussed.
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17
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Setayesh T, Nersesyan A, Mišík M, Ferk F, Langie S, Andrade VM, Haslberger A, Knasmüller S. Impact of obesity and overweight on DNA stability: Few facts and many hypotheses. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2018; 777:64-91. [PMID: 30115431 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Health authorities are alarmed worldwide about the increase of obesity and overweight in the last decades which lead to adverse health effects including inflammation, cancer, accelerated aging and infertility. We evaluated the state of knowledge concerning the impact of elevated body mass on genomic instability. Results of investigations with humans (39 studies) in which DNA damage was monitored in lymphocytes and sperm cells, are conflicting and probably as a consequence of heterogeneous study designs and confounding factors (e.g. uncontrolled intake of vitamins and minerals and consumption of different food types). Results of animal studies with defined diets (23 studies) are more consistent and show that excess body fat causes DNA damage in multiple organs including brain, liver, colon and testes. Different molecular mechanisms may cause genetic instability in overweight/obese individuals. ROS formation and lipid peroxidation were found in several investigations and may be caused by increased insulin, fatty acid and glucose levels or indirectly via inflammation. Also reduced DNA repair and formation of advanced glycation end products may play a role but more data are required to draw firm conclusions. Reduction of telomere lengths and hormonal imbalances are characteristic for overweight/obesity but the former effects are delayed and moderate and hormonal effects were not investigated in regard to genomic instability in obese individuals. Increased BMI values affect also the activities of drug metabolizing enzymes which activate/detoxify genotoxic carcinogens, but no studies concerning the impact of these alterations of DNA damage in obese individuals are available. Overall, the knowledge concerning the impact of increased body weight and DNA damage is poor and further research is warranted to shed light on this important issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Setayesh
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Armen Nersesyan
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Miroslav Mišík
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Franziska Ferk
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabine Langie
- Environmental Risk and Health Unit, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
| | - Vanessa M Andrade
- Laboratório de Biologia Celulare Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Brazil
| | | | - Siegfried Knasmüller
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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18
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Sampannang A, Arun S, Burawat J, Sukhorum W, Iamsaard S. Testicular histopathology and phosphorylated protein changes in mice with diabetes induced by multiple-low doses of streptozotocin: An experimental study. Int J Reprod Biomed 2018; 16:235-246. [PMID: 29942931 PMCID: PMC6004591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic model is widely used to evaluate the adverse effects of diabetes mellitus (DM) on spermatogenesis and testicular steroidogenesis. However, the actual mechanism of sub/infertility in DM males needs to be elucidated. OBJECTIVE To conduct a detailed examination of the testicular histopathology, sperm acrosome reaction (AR) status, and tyrosine-phosphorylated protein expression in the testis of male mice induced with STZ. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ten ICR mice were divided into two groups (n=5/each): control and diabetes induced by multiple low doses of streptozotocin (MLD-STZ). The control mice were intraperitoneally injected with citrate buffer, whereas MLD-STZ mice were injected with STZ at 40 mg/kg body weight for five consecutive days. At the end of the experiment (day 40), reproductive parameters, AR status, and the histopathology of the testis and epididymis were evaluated. The expression of testicular tyrosine phosphorylated proteins was examined. RESULTS Blood glucose levels, AR percentages, and sperm abnormality of STZ group were significantly higher (p=0.003, 0.001, 0.000), while sperm concentration was significantly lower (p=0.001) compared to control. Histopathology of the seminiferous tubule was classified into 7 types. Additionally, abundant round cells were found in the epididymal lumen of the MLD-STZ mice. Moreover, the intensities of testicular phosphorylated proteins (170, 70, 36, 30, and 25 kDas) were markedly higher and a 120 kDa protein band was noticeably lower in the MLD-STZ mice. CONCLUSION MLD-STZ-induced DM causes many testicular histopathologies, precocious sperm AR, and increased expression of testicular phosphorylated proteins. These findings may clarify some mechanisms of sub/infertility in DM males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apichakan Sampannang
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
| | - Supatcharee Arun
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
| | - Jaturon Burawat
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
| | - Wannisa Sukhorum
- School of Medicine, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand.
| | - Sitthichai Iamsaard
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Center for Research and Development of Herbal Health Products, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
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19
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Sampannang A, Arun S, Burawat J, Sukhorum W, Iamsaard S. Testicular histopathology and phosphorylated protein changes in mice with diabetes induced by multiple-low doses of streptozotocin: An experimental study. Int J Reprod Biomed 2018. [DOI: 10.29252/ijrm.16.4.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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20
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Paunesku T, Haley B, Brooks A, Woloschak GE. Biological basis of radiation protection needs rejuvenation. Int J Radiat Biol 2017; 93:1056-1063. [PMID: 28287035 PMCID: PMC7340141 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2017.1294773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Human beings encounter radiation in many different situations - from proximity to radioactive waste sites to participation in medical procedures using X-rays etc. Limits for radiation exposures are legally regulated; however, current radiation protection policy does not explicitly acknowledge that biological, cellular and molecular effects of low doses and low dose rates of radiation differ from effects induced by medium and high dose radiation exposures. Recent technical developments in biology and medicine, from single cell techniques to big data computational research, have enabled new approaches for study of biology of low doses of radiation. Results of the work done so far support the idea that low doses of radiation have effects that differ from those associated with high dose exposures; this work, however, is far from sufficient for the development of a new theoretical framework needed for the understanding of low dose radiation exposures. CONCLUSIONS Mechanistic understanding of radiation effects at low doses is necessary in order to develop better radiation protection policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Paunesku
- a Department of Radiation Oncology , Northwestern University , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Benjamin Haley
- a Department of Radiation Oncology , Northwestern University , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Antone Brooks
- a Department of Radiation Oncology , Northwestern University , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Gayle E Woloschak
- a Department of Radiation Oncology , Northwestern University , Chicago , IL , USA
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21
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Dhasarathy A, Roemmich JN, Claycombe KJ. Influence of maternal obesity, diet and exercise on epigenetic regulation of adipocytes. Mol Aspects Med 2016; 54:37-49. [PMID: 27825817 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Archana Dhasarathy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - James N Roemmich
- USDA-ARS-PA, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, 2420 2nd Avenue North, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA
| | - Kate J Claycombe
- USDA-ARS-PA, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, 2420 2nd Avenue North, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA.
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22
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Yoshida K, Misumi M, Kubo Y, Yamaoka M, Kyoizumi S, Ohishi W, Hayashi T, Kusunoki Y. Long-Term Effects of Radiation Exposure and Metabolic Status on Telomere Length of Peripheral Blood T Cells in Atomic Bomb Survivors. Radiat Res 2016; 186:367-376. [DOI: 10.1667/rr14389.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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23
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Yoshida K, Nakashima E, Kyoizumi S, Hakoda M, Hayashi T, Hida A, Ohishi W, Kusunoki Y. Metabolic Profile as a Potential Modifier of Long-Term Radiation Effects on Peripheral Lymphocyte Subsets in Atomic Bomb Survivors. Radiat Res 2016; 186:275-82. [PMID: 27541825 DOI: 10.1667/rr14336.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Immune system impairments reflected by the composition and function of circulating lymphocytes are still observed in atomic bomb survivors, and metabolic abnormalities including altered blood triglyceride and cholesterol levels have also been detected in such survivors. Based on closely related features of immune and metabolic profiles of individuals, we investigated the hypothesis that long-term effects of radiation exposure on lymphocyte subsets might be modified by metabolic profiles in 3,113 atomic bomb survivors who participated in health examinations at the Radiation Effect Research Foundation, Hiroshima and Nagasaki, in 2000-2002. The lymphocyte subsets analyzed involved T-, B- and NK-cell subsets, and their percentages in the lymphocyte fraction were assessed using flow cytometry. Health examinations included metabolic indicators, body mass index, serum levels of total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, C-reactive protein and hemoglobin A1c, as well as diabetes and fatty liver diagnoses. Standard regression analyses indicated that several metabolic indicators of obesity/related disease, particularly high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, were positively associated with type-1 helper T- and B-cell percentages but were inversely associated with naïve CD4 T and NK cells. A regression analysis adjusted for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol revealed a radiation dose relationship with increasing NK-cell percentage. Additionally, an interaction effect was suggested between radiation dose and C-reactive protein on B-cell percentage with a negative coefficient of the interaction term. Collectively, these findings suggest that radiation exposure and subsequent metabolic profile changes, potentially in relationship to obesity-related inflammation, lead to such long-term alterations in lymphocyte subset composition. Because this study is based on cross-sectional and exploratory analyses, the implications regarding radiation exposure, metabolic profiles and circulating lymphocytes warrant future longitudinal and molecular mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Masayuki Hakoda
- e Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Human Ecology, Yasuda Women's University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | | | - Ayumi Hida
- d Department of Clinical Studies, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Nagasaki, Japan; and
| | - Waka Ohishi
- c Clinical Studies, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
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Nakajima T, Vares G, Wang B, Nenoi M. Chronic Intake of Japanese Sake Mediates Radiation-Induced Metabolic Alterations in Mouse Liver. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146730. [PMID: 26752639 PMCID: PMC4713437 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sake is a traditional Japanese alcoholic beverage that is gaining popularity worldwide. Although sake is reported to have beneficial health effects, it is not known whether chronic sake consumption modulates health risks due to radiation exposure or other factors. Here, the effects of chronic administration of sake on radiation-induced metabolic alterations in the livers of mice were evaluated. Sake (junmai-shu) was administered daily to female mice (C3H/He) for one month, and the mice were exposed to fractionated doses of X-rays (0.75 Gy/day) for the last four days of the sake administration period. For comparative analysis, a group of mice were administered 15% (v/v) ethanol in water instead of sake. Metabolites in the liver were analyzed by capillary electrophoresis-time-of-flight mass spectrometry one day following the last exposure to radiation. The metabolite profiles of mice chronically administered sake in combination with radiation showed marked changes in purine, pyrimidine, and glutathione (GSH) metabolism, which were only partially altered by radiation or sake administration alone. Notably, the changes in GSH metabolism were not observed in mice treated with radiation following chronic administration of 15% ethanol in water. Changes in several metabolites, including methionine and valine, were induced by radiation alone, but were not detected in the livers of mice who received chronic administration of sake. In addition, the chronic administration of sake increased the level of serum triglycerides, although radiation exposure suppressed this increase. Taken together, the present findings suggest that chronic sake consumption promotes GSH metabolism and anti-oxidative activities in the liver, and thereby may contribute to minimizing the adverse effects associated with radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Nakajima
- Research Center for Radiation Protection, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Guillaume Vares
- Research Center for Radiation Protection, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Bing Wang
- Research Center for Radiation Protection, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Nenoi
- Research Center for Radiation Protection, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
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25
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Nakajima T. Roles of Sulfur Metabolism and Rhodanese in Detoxification and Anti-Oxidative Stress Functions in the Liver: Responses to Radiation Exposure. Med Sci Monit 2015; 21:1721-5. [PMID: 26071878 PMCID: PMC4471854 DOI: 10.12659/msm.893234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Organisms must confront various environmental stresses. The liver is central to protecting against such stresses in mammals, and it has many detoxification and anti-oxidative stress functions. Radiation is a source of oxidative stress and is known to affect the liver and induce anti-oxidative responses. The detoxification enzyme rhodanese, which is also called thiosulfate sulfurtransferase (TST), has been demonstrated to be induced in the liver in response to radiation. Cyanide detoxification is a function of the liver, and rhodanese is a key enzyme involved in sulfur metabolism in that detoxification. Though the anti-oxidative stress system in which sulfur molecules such as thiol compounds are involved has attracted attention as a defense against radiation, detoxification enzymes may have other roles in this defense. Understanding how these functions are affected by alterations of sulfur metabolism (including thiol compounds) after irradiation would help uncover their roles in defense against cancer and other deleterious health effects, as well as environmental stress responses. This article reviews the roles of sulfur-related metabolism in oxidative stress regulation and detoxification for recovery from liver damage after radiation exposure, with particular attention to recent findings of sulfur-related enzymes such as rhodanese, which is unique in sulfur metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Nakajima
- Research Center for Radiation Protection, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba-shi, Japan
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