1
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Soto Beobide A, Bieri R, Szakács Z, Sparwasser K, Kaitsa IG, Georgiopoulos I, Andrikopoulos KS, Van Kerckhove G, Voyiatzis GA. Raman Spectroscopy Unfolds the Fate and Transformation of SWCNTs after Abrasive Wear of Epoxy Floor Coatings. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:120. [PMID: 38202575 PMCID: PMC10780583 DOI: 10.3390/nano14010120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Nanomaterials are integrated within consumer products to enhance specific properties of interest. Their release throughout the lifecycle of nano-enabled products raises concerns; specifically, mechanical strains can lead to the generation of fragmented materials containing nanomaterials. We investigated the potential release of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs-brand TUBALL™) from epoxy composite materials. A pin-on-disk-type tribometer was used for the accelerated mechanical aging of the nanocomposites. A pristine nanocomposite material, abraded material and debris obtained from the abrasion in the tribometer were analyzed by Raman spectroscopy. The airborne-produced particles were captured using particle collectors. Stat Peel's Identifier C2 system was used to monitor the SWCNT content of respirable particles produced during the abrasion test. The SWCNT amounts found were below the LoQ. The Raman spectra conducted on the Stat Peel filters helped identify the presence of free SWCNTs released from the epoxy matrix, although they were notably scarce. Raman spectroscopy has been proved to be a crucial technique for the identification, characterization and assessment of structural changes and degradation in SWCNTs that occurred during the abrasion experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaia Soto Beobide
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Stadiou Str., 265 04 Rio-Patras, Greece; (K.S.A.); (G.A.V.)
| | - Rudolf Bieri
- Stat Peel Ltd., Stampfgasse 4, CH-8750 Glarus, Switzerland; (R.B.); (Z.S.)
| | - Zoltán Szakács
- Stat Peel Ltd., Stampfgasse 4, CH-8750 Glarus, Switzerland; (R.B.); (Z.S.)
| | - Kevin Sparwasser
- Stat Peel Ltd., Stampfgasse 4, CH-8750 Glarus, Switzerland; (R.B.); (Z.S.)
| | - Ioanna G. Kaitsa
- Department of Physics, University of Patras, 265 04 Rio-Patras, Greece;
| | - Ilias Georgiopoulos
- MIRTEC S.A., Thiva Branch, 76th km of Athens-Lamia National Road, 320 09 Schimatari, Greece;
| | - Konstantinos S. Andrikopoulos
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Stadiou Str., 265 04 Rio-Patras, Greece; (K.S.A.); (G.A.V.)
- Department of Physics, University of Patras, 265 04 Rio-Patras, Greece;
| | | | - George A. Voyiatzis
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Stadiou Str., 265 04 Rio-Patras, Greece; (K.S.A.); (G.A.V.)
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2
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Dubey R, Dutta D, Sarkar A, Chattopadhyay P. Functionalized carbon nanotubes: synthesis, properties and applications in water purification, drug delivery, and material and biomedical sciences. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:5722-5744. [PMID: 36132675 PMCID: PMC9419119 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00293g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are considered as one of the ideal materials due to their high surface area, high aspect ratio, and impressive material properties, such as mechanical strength, and thermal and electrical conductivity, for the manufacture of next generation composite materials. In spite of the mentioned attractive features, they tend to agglomerate due to their inherent chemical structure which limits their application. Surface modification is required to overcome the agglomeration and increase their dispersability leading to enhanced interactions of the functionalized CNTs with matrix materials/polymer matrices. Recent developments concerning reliable methods for the functionalization of carbon nanotubes offer an additional thrust towards extending their application areas. By chemical functionalization, organic functional groups are generated/attached to the surfaces as well as the tip of CNTs which opens up the possibilities for tailoring the properties of nanotubes and extending their application areas. Different research efforts have been devoted towards both covalent and non-covalent functionalization for different applications. Functionalized CNTs have been used successfully for the development of high quality nanocomposites, finding wide application as chemical and biological sensors, in optoelectronics and catalysis. Non covalently functionalized carbon nanotubes have been used as a substrate for the immobilization of a large variety of biomolecules to impart specific recognition properties for the development of miniaturized biosensors as well as designing of novel bioactive nanomaterials. Functionalized CNTs have also been demonstrated as one of the promising nanomaterials for the decontamination of water due to their high adsorption capacity and specificity for various contaminants. Specifically modified CNTs have been utilized for bone tissue engineering and as a novel and versatile drug delivery vehicle. This review article discusses in short the synthesis, properties and applications of CNTs. This includes the need for functionalization of CNTs, methods and types of functionalization, and properties of functionalized CNTs and their applications especially with respect to material and biomedical sciences, water purification, and drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rama Dubey
- Defence Research Laboratory Post Bag No. 2 Tezpur 784001 Assam India +91-3712-258508, +91-3712-258836 +91-3712-258534
| | - Dhiraj Dutta
- Defence Research Laboratory Post Bag No. 2 Tezpur 784001 Assam India +91-3712-258508, +91-3712-258836 +91-3712-258534
| | - Arpan Sarkar
- Defence Research Laboratory Post Bag No. 2 Tezpur 784001 Assam India +91-3712-258508, +91-3712-258836 +91-3712-258534
| | - Pronobesh Chattopadhyay
- Defence Research Laboratory Post Bag No. 2 Tezpur 784001 Assam India +91-3712-258508, +91-3712-258836 +91-3712-258534
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3
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Namivandi-Zangeneh R, Wong EHH, Boyer C. Synthetic Antimicrobial Polymers in Combination Therapy: Tackling Antibiotic Resistance. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:215-253. [PMID: 33433995 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a critical global healthcare issue that urgently needs new effective solutions. While small molecule antibiotics have been safeguarding us for nearly a century since the discovery of penicillin by Alexander Fleming, the emergence of a new class of antimicrobials in the form of synthetic antimicrobial polymers, which was driven by the advances in controlled polymerization techniques and the desire to mimic naturally occurring antimicrobial peptides, could play a key role in fighting multidrug resistant bacteria in the near future. By harnessing the ability to control chemical and structural properties of polymers almost at will, synthetic antimicrobial polymers can be strategically utilized in combination therapy with various antimicrobial coagents in different formats to yield more potent (synergistic) outcomes. In this review, we present a short summary of the different combination therapies involving synthetic antimicrobial polymers, focusing on their combinations with nitric oxide, antibiotics, essential oils, and metal- and carbon-based inorganics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashin Namivandi-Zangeneh
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine (ACN), School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Australia, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Edgar H. H. Wong
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine (ACN), School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Australia, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine (ACN), School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Australia, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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4
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Samak DH, El-Sayed YS, Shaheen HM, El-Far AH, Abd El-Hack ME, Noreldin AE, El-Naggar K, Abdelnour SA, Saied EM, El-Seedi HR, Aleya L, Abdel-Daim MM. Developmental toxicity of carbon nanoparticles during embryogenesis in chicken. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:19058-19072. [PMID: 30499089 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3675-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) are very small particles present in a wide range of materials. There is a dearth of knowledge regarding their potential secondary effects on the health of living organisms and the environment. Increasing research attention, however, has been directed toward determining the effects on humans exposed to NPs in the environment. Although the majority of studies focus on adult animals or populations, embryos of various species are considered more susceptible to environmental effects and pollutants. Hence, research studies dealing mainly with the impacts of NPs on embryogenesis have emerged recently, as this has become a major concern. Chicken embryos occupy a special place among animal models used in toxicity and developmental investigations and have also contributed significantly to the fields of genetics, virology, immunology, cell biology, and cancer. Their rapid development and easy accessibility for experimental observance and manipulation are just a few of the advantages that have made them the vertebrate model of choice for more than two millennia. The early stages of chicken embryogenesis, which are characterized by rapid embryonic growth, provide a sensitive model for studying the possible toxic effects on organ development, body weight, and oxidative stress. The objective of this review was to evaluate the toxicity of various types of carbon black nanomaterials administered at the beginning of embryogenesis in a chicken embryo model. In addition, the effects of diamond and graphene NPs and carbon nanotubes are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia H Samak
- Department of Veterinary Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, Egypt
| | - Yasser S El-Sayed
- Department of Veterinary Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, Egypt
| | - Hazem M Shaheen
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, Egypt
| | - Ali H El-Far
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E Abd El-Hack
- Department of Poultry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed E Noreldin
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, Egypt
| | - Karima El-Naggar
- Department of Nutrition and Veterinary Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina, 22758, Egypt
| | - Sameh A Abdelnour
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Essa M Saied
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Hesham R El-Seedi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
- Pharmacognosy Group, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Chrono-Environment Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, 25030, Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
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5
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Curcio M, Farfalla A, Saletta F, Valli E, Pantuso E, Nicoletta FP, Iemma F, Vittorio O, Cirillo G. Functionalized Carbon Nanostructures Versus Drug Resistance: Promising Scenarios in Cancer Treatment. Molecules 2020; 25:E2102. [PMID: 32365886 PMCID: PMC7249046 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanostructures (CN) are emerging valuable materials for the assembly of highly engineered multifunctional nanovehicles for cancer therapy, in particular for counteracting the insurgence of multi-drug resistance (MDR). In this regard, carbon nanotubes (CNT), graphene oxide (GO), and fullerenes (F) have been proposed as promising materials due to their superior physical, chemical, and biological features. The possibility to easily modify their surface, conferring tailored properties, allows different CN derivatives to be synthesized. Although many studies have explored this topic, a comprehensive review evaluating the beneficial use of functionalized CNT vs G or F is still missing. Within this paper, the most relevant examples of CN-based nanosystems proposed for MDR reversal are reviewed, taking into consideration the functionalization routes, as well as the biological mechanisms involved and the possible toxicity concerns. The main aim is to understand which functional CN represents the most promising strategy to be further investigated for overcoming MDR in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Curcio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy; (M.C.); (A.F.); (E.P.); (F.P.N.); (F.I.)
| | - Annafranca Farfalla
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy; (M.C.); (A.F.); (E.P.); (F.P.N.); (F.I.)
| | - Federica Saletta
- Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Children’s Cancer Institute, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia; (F.S.); (E.V.)
- School of Women’s and Children’s Health, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Convergent BioNano Science and Technology, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Emanuele Valli
- Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Children’s Cancer Institute, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia; (F.S.); (E.V.)
- School of Women’s and Children’s Health, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Elvira Pantuso
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy; (M.C.); (A.F.); (E.P.); (F.P.N.); (F.I.)
| | - Fiore Pasquale Nicoletta
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy; (M.C.); (A.F.); (E.P.); (F.P.N.); (F.I.)
| | - Francesca Iemma
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy; (M.C.); (A.F.); (E.P.); (F.P.N.); (F.I.)
| | - Orazio Vittorio
- Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Children’s Cancer Institute, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia; (F.S.); (E.V.)
- School of Women’s and Children’s Health, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Convergent BioNano Science and Technology, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Giuseppe Cirillo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy; (M.C.); (A.F.); (E.P.); (F.P.N.); (F.I.)
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6
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Naqvi STR, Rasheed T, Hussain D, Najam ul Haq M, Majeed S, shafi S, Ahmed N, Nawaz R. Modification strategies for improving the solubility/dispersion of carbon nanotubes. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.111919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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7
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Druvari D, Koromilas ND, Lainioti GC, Bokias G, Vasilopoulos G, Vantarakis A, Baras I, Dourala N, Kallitsis JK. Polymeric Quaternary Ammonium-Containing Coatings with Potential Dual Contact-Based and Release-Based Antimicrobial Activity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:35593-35605. [PMID: 27976854 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b14463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, reactive blending of copolymers with complementary functional groups was applied to control their antimicrobial activity and antifouling action in real conditions. For this purpose, two series of copolymers, poly(4-vinylbenzyl chloride-co-acrylic acid), P(VBC-co-AAx), and poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate-co-glycidyl methacrylate), P(SSNa-co-GMAx), were synthesized via free radical copolymerization and further modified by the incorporation of biocidal units either covalently (4-vinyl benzyl dimethylhexadecylammonium chloride, VBCHAM) or electrostatically bound (cetyltrimethylammonium 4-styrenesulfonate, SSAmC16). The cross-linking reaction of the carboxylic group of acrylic acid (AA) with the epoxide group of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) of these two series of reactive antimicrobial copolymers was explored in blends obtained through solution casting after curing at various temperatures. The combined results from the ATR-FTIR characterization of the membranes, solubility tests, turbidimetry, and TEM suggest that the reaction occurs already at 80 °C, leading mostly to graft samples, while at higher curing temperatures (120 or 150 °C) insoluble cross-linked samples are usually obtained. Controlled release experiments of selected membranes were performed in pure water and aqueous 1 M NaCl solutions for a period of two months. The released material was followed through gravimetry and TOC/TN measurements, while the evolution of the integrity and the morphology of the membranes were followed visually and through SEM, respectively. Antimicrobial tests also revealed that the cross-linked membranes presented strong antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. Finally, a specific blend combination was applied on aquaculture nets and cured at 80 °C. The modified nets, emerged in the sea for 15 and 35 days, exhibited high antifouling action as compared to blank nets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denisa Druvari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras , GR-26504, Patras, Greece
| | - Nikos D Koromilas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras , GR-26504, Patras, Greece
| | - Georgia Ch Lainioti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras , GR-26504, Patras, Greece
- FORTH/ICE-HT, Stadiou Street, P.O. Box 1414, GR-26504, Rio-Patras, Greece
| | - Georgios Bokias
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras , GR-26504, Patras, Greece
- FORTH/ICE-HT, Stadiou Street, P.O. Box 1414, GR-26504, Rio-Patras, Greece
| | - Gavriil Vasilopoulos
- Environmental Microbiology, Department of Public Health, Medical School, University of Patras , Patras, GR-26504, Greece
| | - Apostolos Vantarakis
- Environmental Microbiology, Department of Public Health, Medical School, University of Patras , Patras, GR-26504, Greece
| | - Ilias Baras
- SELONDA Aquaculture SA, 30 Navarchou Nikodimou Street, Athens, GR-10556, Greece
| | - Nancy Dourala
- SELONDA Aquaculture SA, 30 Navarchou Nikodimou Street, Athens, GR-10556, Greece
| | - Joannis K Kallitsis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras , GR-26504, Patras, Greece
- FORTH/ICE-HT, Stadiou Street, P.O. Box 1414, GR-26504, Rio-Patras, Greece
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8
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Siafaka PI, Üstündağ Okur N, Karavas E, Bikiaris DN. Surface Modified Multifunctional and Stimuli Responsive Nanoparticles for Drug Targeting: Current Status and Uses. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E1440. [PMID: 27589733 PMCID: PMC5037719 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17091440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanocarriers, due to their unique features, are of increased interest among researchers working with pharmaceutical formulations. Polymeric nanoparticles and nanocapsules, involving non-toxic biodegradable polymers, liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, and inorganic-organic nanomaterials, are among the most used carriers for drugs for a broad spectrum of targeted diseases. In fact, oral, injectable, transdermal-dermal and ocular formulations mainly consist of the aforementioned nanomaterials demonstrating promising characteristics such as long circulation, specific targeting, high drug loading capacity, enhanced intracellular penetration, and so on. Over the last decade, huge advances in the development of novel, safer and less toxic nanocarriers with amended properties have been made. In addition, multifunctional nanocarriers combining chemical substances, vitamins and peptides via coupling chemistry, inorganic particles coated by biocompatible materials seem to play a key role considering that functionalization can enhance characteristics such as biocompatibility, targetability, environmental friendliness, and intracellular penetration while also have limited side effects. This review aims to summarize the "state of the art" of drug delivery carriers in nanosize, paying attention to their surface functionalization with ligands and other small or polymeric compounds so as to upgrade active and passive targeting, different release patterns as well as cell targeting and stimuli responsibility. Lastly, future aspects and potential uses of nanoparticulated drug systems are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panoraia I Siafaka
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Macedonia, Greece.
| | - Neslihan Üstündağ Okur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Istanbul Medipol University, Beykoz 34810, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | | | - Dimitrios N Bikiaris
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Macedonia, Greece.
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9
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Enhanced Water Vapor Transmission through Porous Membranes Based on Melt Blending of Polystyrene Sulfonate with Polyethylene Copolymers and Their CNT Nanocomposites. Polymers (Basel) 2016; 8:polym8050190. [PMID: 30979283 PMCID: PMC6431938 DOI: 10.3390/polym8050190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel concept for the use of an immiscible and non-meltable polymer, such as sodium polystyrene sulfonate (PSSNa), in order to prepare polyethylene non-woven breathable membranes is described. Membranes were fabricated by melt compounding of properly functionalized PE (P(E-co-AA)) and PSSNa (P(SSNa-co-GMA)) copolymers in the presence of water soluble polyethylene glycol (PEG). The inability of PSSNa derivatives to be melted was overcome by using PEG, which was easily meltable thus inducing PSSNa processability improvement. PEG was removed after membrane fabrication and therefore also acted as a porogen. Carbon nanotubes, functionalized with PSSNa moieties or alkyl groups, were also incorporated in the membranes with the aim of improving the porous connectivity and increasing the water vapor transmission rate. The morphology of the membranes was investigated through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Water vapor transmission rate (permeation) (WVTR) measurements for the porous membranes showed increased values in comparison with the neat PE ones. A further increase of WVTR was observed with the addition of CNTs to the polymer membranes.
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10
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Yu J, Liu S, Wu B, Shen Z, Cherr GN, Zhang XX, Li M. Comparison of Cytotoxicity and Inhibition of Membrane ABC Transporters Induced by MWCNTs with Different Length and Functional Groups. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:3985-3994. [PMID: 26943274 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b05772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Experimental studies indicate that multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have the potential to induce cytotoxicity. However, the reports are often inconsistent and even contradictory. Additionally, adverse effects of MWCNTs at low concentration are not well understood. In this study, we systemically compared adverse effects of six MWCNTs including pristine MWCNTs, hydroxyl-MWCNTs and carboxyl-MWCNTs of two different lengths (0.5-2 μm and 10-30 μm) on human hepatoma cell line HepG2. Results showed that MWCNTs induced cytotoxicity by increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and damaging cell function. Pristine short MWCNTs induced higher cytotoxicity than pristine long MWCNTs. Functionalization increased cytotoxicity of long MWCNTs, but reduced cytotoxicity of short MWCNTs. Further, our results indicated that the six MWCNTs, at nontoxic concentration, might not be environmentally safe as they inhibited ABC transporters' efflux capabilities. This inhibition was observed even at very low concentrations, which were 40-1000 times lower than their effective concentrations on cytotoxicity. The inhibition of ABC transporters significantly increased cytotoxicity of arsenic, a known substrate of ABC transporters, indicating a chemosensitizing effect of MWCNTs. Plasma membrane damage was likely the mechanism by which the six MWCNTs inhibited ABC transporter activity. This study provides insight into risk assessments of low levels of MWCNTs in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing, 210023, P.R. China
| | - Su Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing, 210023, P.R. China
| | - Bing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing, 210023, P.R. China
| | - Zhuoyan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing, 210023, P.R. China
| | - Gary N Cherr
- Bodega Marine Laboratory, University of California , Davis, California United States
- Departments of Environmental Toxicology and Nutrition, University of California , Davis, California United States
| | - Xu-Xiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing, 210023, P.R. China
| | - Mei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing, 210023, P.R. China
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11
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Al Moustafa AE, Mfoumou E, Roman DE, Nerguizian V, Alazzam A, Stiharu I, Yasmeen A. Impact of single-walled carbon nanotubes on the embryo: a brief review. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:349-55. [PMID: 26855573 PMCID: PMC4725643 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s96361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are considered one of the most interesting materials in the 21st century due to their unique physiochemical characteristics and applicability to various industrial products and medical applications. However, in the last few years, questions have been raised regarding the potential toxicity of CNTs to humans and the environment; it is believed that the physiochemical characteristics of these materials are key determinants of CNT interaction with living cells and hence determine their toxicity in humans and other organisms as well as their embryos. Thus, several recent studies, including ours, pointed out that CNTs have cytotoxic effects on human and animal cells, which occur via the alteration of key regulator genes of cell proliferation, apoptosis, survival, cell-cell adhesion, and angiogenesis. Meanwhile, few investigations revealed that CNTs could also be harmful to the normal development of the embryo. In this review, we will discuss the toxic role of single-walled CNTs in the embryo, which was recently explored by several groups including ours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ala-Eddin Al Moustafa
- College of Medicine & Biomedical Research Centre, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Oncology Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Department, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Syrian Research Cancer Centre of the Syrian Society against Cancer, Aleppo, Syria
| | | | - Dacian E Roman
- Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Department, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Anas Alazzam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Ion Stiharu
- Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Department, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Amber Yasmeen
- Segal Cancer Centre, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research of the Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Koromilas ND, Lainioti GC, Vasilopoulos G, Vantarakis A, Kallitsis JK. Synthesis of antimicrobial block copolymers bearing immobilized bacteriostatic groups. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py00553e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial block copolymers bearing covalently bonded quaternized ammonium groups were synthesized through atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Moreover, a new class of antimicrobial block copolymers were designed combining two types of biocide incorporation into one system (both contact-based and release-based mechanisms).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - G. Ch. Lainioti
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Patras
- Patras
- Greece
- FORTH/ICE-HT
| | - G. Vasilopoulos
- Environmental Microbiology
- Department of Public Health
- Medical School
- University of Patras
- Greece
| | - A. Vantarakis
- Environmental Microbiology
- Department of Public Health
- Medical School
- University of Patras
- Greece
| | - J. K. Kallitsis
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Patras
- Patras
- Greece
- FORTH/ICE-HT
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Kougia E, Tselepi M, Vasilopoulos G, Lainioti GC, Koromilas ND, Druvari D, Bokias G, Vantarakis A, Kallitsis JK. Evaluation of Antimicrobial Efficiency of New Polymers Comprised by Covalently Attached and/or Electrostatically Bound Bacteriostatic Species, Based on Quaternary Ammonium Compounds. Molecules 2015; 20:21313-27. [PMID: 26633329 PMCID: PMC6332343 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201219768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present work a detailed study of new bacteriostatic copolymers with quaternized ammonium groups introduced in the polymer chain through covalent attachment or electrostatic interaction, was performed. Different copolymers have been considered since beside the active species, the hydrophobic/hydrophilic nature of the co-monomer was also evaluated in the case of covalently attached bacteriostatic groups, aiming at achieving permanent antibacterial activity. Homopolymers with quaternized ammonium/phosphonium groups were also tested for comparison reasons. The antimicrobial activity of the synthesized polymers after 3 and 24 h of exposure at 4 and 22 °C was investigated on cultures of Gram-negative (P. aeruginosa, E. coli) and Gram-positive (S. aureus, E. faecalis) bacteria. It was found that the combination of the hydrophilic monomer acrylic acid (AA), at low contents, with the covalently attached bacteriostatic group vinyl benzyl dimethylhexadecylammonium chloride (VBCHAM) in the copolymer P(AA-co-VBCHAM88), resulted in a high bacteriostatic activity against P. aeruginosa and E. faecalis (6 log reduction in certain cases). Moreover, the combination of covalently attached VBCHAM units with electrostatically bound cetyltrimethylammonium 4-styrene sulfonate (SSAmC16) units in the P(SSAmC16-co-VBCHAMx) copolymers led to efficient antimicrobial materials, especially against Gram-positive bacteria, where a log reduction between 4.9 and 6.2 was verified. These materials remain remarkably efficient even when they are incorporated in polysulfone membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efstathia Kougia
- Environmental Microbiology, Department of Public Health, Medical School, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece.
| | - Maria Tselepi
- Environmental Microbiology, Department of Public Health, Medical School, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece.
| | - Gavriil Vasilopoulos
- Environmental Microbiology, Department of Public Health, Medical School, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece.
| | | | - Nikos D Koromilas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece.
| | - Denisa Druvari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece.
| | - Georgios Bokias
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece.
| | - Apostolos Vantarakis
- Environmental Microbiology, Department of Public Health, Medical School, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece.
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