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Msellemu D, Tanner M, Yadav R, Moore SJ. Occupational exposure to malaria, leishmaniasis and arbovirus vectors in endemic regions: A systematic review. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PARASITOLOGY & VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES 2024; 6:100185. [PMID: 39027087 PMCID: PMC11252614 DOI: 10.1016/j.crpvbd.2024.100185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Vector-borne diseases, including dengue, leishmaniasis and malaria, may be more common among individuals whose occupations or behaviours bring them into frequent contact with these disease vectors outside of their homes. A systematic review was conducted to ascertain at-risk occupations and situations that put individuals at increased risk of exposure to these disease vectors in endemic regions and identify the most suitable interventions for each exposure. The review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines on articles published between 1945 and October 2021, searched in 16 online databases. The primary outcome was incidence or prevalence of dengue, leishmaniasis or malaria. The review excluded ecological and qualitative studies, abstracts only, letters, commentaries, reviews, and studies of laboratory-acquired infections. Studies were appraised, data extracted, and a descriptive analysis conducted. Bite interventions for each risk group were assessed. A total of 1170 articles were screened and 99 included. Malaria, leishmaniasis and dengue were presented in 47, 41 and 24 articles, respectively; some articles presented multiple conditions. The most represented populations were soldiers, 38% (43 of 112 studies); refugees and travellers, 15% (17) each; migrant workers, 12.5% (14); miners, 9% (10); farmers, 5% (6); rubber tappers and missionaries, 1.8% (2) each; and forest workers, 0.9% (1). Risk of exposure was categorised into round-the-clock or specific times of day/night dependent on occupation. Exposure to these vectors presents a critical and understudied concern for outdoor workers and mobile populations. When devising interventions to provide round-the-clock vector bite protection, two populations are considered. First, mobile populations, characterized by their high mobility, may find potential benefits in insecticide-treated clothing, though more research and optimization are essential. Treated clothing offers personal vector protection and holds promise for economically disadvantaged individuals, especially when enabling them to self-treat their clothing to repel vectors. Secondly, semi-permanent and permanent settlement populations can receive a combination of interventions that offer both personal and community protection, including spatial repellents, suitable for extended stays. Existing research is heavily biased towards tourism and the military, diverting attention and resources from vulnerable populations where these interventions are most required like refugee populations as well as those residing in sub-Saharan Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Msellemu
- Vector Control Product Testing Unit, Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences Department, Ifakara Health Institute, Tanzania
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Kreuzstrasse 2, 4123, Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4003, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Tanner
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Kreuzstrasse 2, 4123, Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4003, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rajpal Yadav
- Department of Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
- Academy of Public Health Entomology, Udaipur, 313 002, India
| | - Sarah J. Moore
- Vector Control Product Testing Unit, Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences Department, Ifakara Health Institute, Tanzania
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Kreuzstrasse 2, 4123, Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4003, Basel, Switzerland
- The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology (NM-AIST), P.O. Box 447, Tengeru, Arusha, Tanzania
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Huang KY, Nakigudde J, Kisakye EN, Sentongo H, Dennis-Tiwary TA, Tozan Y, Park H, Brotman LM. Advancing scalability and impacts of a teacher training program for promoting child mental health in Ugandan primary schools: protocol for a hybrid-type II effectiveness-implementation cluster randomized trial. Int J Ment Health Syst 2022; 16:28. [PMID: 35718782 PMCID: PMC9206883 DOI: 10.1186/s13033-022-00538-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children in low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs) are facing tremendous mental health challenges. Numerous evidence-based interventions (EBIs) have been adapted to LMICs and shown effectiveness in addressing the needs, but most EBIs have not been adopted widely using scalable and sustainable implementation models that leverage and strengthen existing structures. There is a need to apply implementation science methodology to study strategies to effectively scale-up EBIs and sustain the practices in LMICs. Through a cross-sector collaboration, we are carrying out a second-generation investigation of implementation and effectiveness of a school-based mental health EBI, ParentCorps Professional Development (PD), to scale-up and sustain the EBI in Uganda to promote early childhood students' mental health. Our previous studies in Uganda supported that culturally adapted PD resulted in short-term benefits for classrooms, children, and families. However, our previous implementation of PD was relied on mental health professionals (MHPs) to provide PD to teachers. Because of the shortage of MHPs in Uganda, a new scalable implementation model is needed to provide PD at scale. OBJECTIVES This study tests a new scalable and sustainable PD implementation model and simultaneously studies the effectiveness. This paper describes use of collaboration, task-shifting, and Train-the-Trainer strategies for scaling-up PD, and protocol for studying the effectiveness-implementation of ParentCorps-PD for teachers in urban and rural Ugandan schools. We will examine whether the new scale-up implementation approach will yield anticipated impacts and investigate the underlying effectiveness-implementation mechanisms that contribute to success. In addition, considering the effects of PD on teachers and students will influence by teacher wellness. This study also examines the added value (i.e. impact and costs) of a brief wellness intervention for teachers and students. METHODS Using a hybrid-type II effectiveness-implementation cluster randomized controlled trial (cRCT), we will randomize 36 schools (18 urban and 18 rural) with 540 teachers and nearly 2000 families to one of three conditions: PD + Teacher-Wellness (PDT), PD alone (PD), and Control. Primary effectiveness outcomes are teachers' use of mental health promoting strategies, teacher stress management, and child mental health. The implementation fidelity/quality for the scale-up model will be monitored. Mixed methods will be employed to examine underlying mechanisms of implementation and impact as well as cost-effectiveness. DISCUSSION This research will generate important knowledge regarding the value of an EBI in urban and rural communities in a LMIC, and efforts toward supporting teachers to prevent and manage early signs of children's mental health issues as a potentially cost-effective strategy to promote child population mental health in low resource settings. TRIAL REGISTRATION This trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (registration number: NCT04383327; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04383327 ) on May13, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keng-Yen Huang
- grid.240324.30000 0001 2109 4251Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 227 East, 30th St, 7th Floor, New York, NY 10016 USA
| | - Janet Nakigudde
- grid.11194.3c0000 0004 0620 0548College of Health Science, Makerere University, PO Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Elizabeth Nsamba Kisakye
- grid.466898.d0000 0004 0648 0949Uganda Ministry of Education and Sports, Embassy House, PO Box 7063, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Hafsa Sentongo
- grid.415705.2Uganda Ministry of Health, Plot 6 Lourdel Road, PO Box 7272, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Tracy A. Dennis-Tiwary
- grid.257167.00000 0001 2183 6649Department of Psychology, Hunter College of the City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, New York, USA
| | - Yesim Tozan
- grid.137628.90000 0004 1936 8753College of Global Public Health, New York University, 708 Broadway, New York, USA
| | - Hyung Park
- grid.240324.30000 0001 2109 4251Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 227 East, 30th St, 7th Floor, New York, NY 10016 USA
| | - Laurie Miller Brotman
- grid.240324.30000 0001 2109 4251Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 227 East, 30th St, 7th Floor, New York, NY 10016 USA
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Reidy J. Reviewing School Uniform through a Public Health Lens: Evidence about the Impacts of School Uniform on Education and Health. Public Health Rev 2021; 42:1604212. [PMID: 34692181 PMCID: PMC8386814 DOI: 10.3389/phrs.2021.1604212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
This study uses a public health lens to review evidence about the impacts of wearing a school uniform on students’ health and educational outcomes. It also reviews the underlying rationales for school uniform use, exploring historical reasons for uniform use, as well as how questions of equity, human rights, and the status of children as a vulnerable group are played out in debates over school uniforms. The literature identified indicates that uniforms have no direct impact on academic performance, yet directly impact physical and psychological health. Girls, ethnic and religious minorities, gender-diverse students and poorer students suffer harm disproportionately from poorly designed uniform policies and garments that do not suit their physical and socio-cultural needs. Paradoxically, for some students, uniform creates a barrier to education that it was originally instituted to remedy. The article shows that public health offers a new perspective on and contribution to debates and rationales for school uniform use. This review lays out the research landscape on school uniform and highlights areas for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Reidy
- Department of Public Health, Wellington School of Medicine, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
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Dias ÍKR, Lopes MDSV, Melo ESJ, Maia ER, Martins RMG. CONSTRUCTION AND VALIDATION OF A BOOKLET FOR SELF-EFFICACY OF ZIKA VIRUS PREVENTION. TEXTO & CONTEXTO ENFERMAGEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1980-265x-tce-2020-0182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective: to describe the construction and validation of a booklet for the Zika virus prevention. Method: this is a methodological research, carried out in four stages. In the first, the research project was elaborated. In the second stage, data were collected from an integrative review and a qualitative research using three focus groups. In the third stage, the booklet’s content and script were developed. In the fourth stage, there was validation by expert judges and by the target audience, Unified Health System users. Results: an illustrated, colorful booklet was built, containing comic books and informative texts. Twenty-three expert judges and 31 people participated in validation, Unified Health System users. In the first cycle of validation by judges, an overall Content Validity Index of 0.79 was obtained, and in the second, the index increased to 0.85. The average percentage of agreement of the target audience corresponded to 99%. In the final version, the booklet has 28 pages. Conclusion: the validated booklet presents potential elements to improve Zika prevention and other arboviruses that have similar forms of prevention.
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Análisis de costo-efectividad del uso del programa VECTOS en el control rutinario de enfermedades transmitidas por Aedes aegypti en dos municipios de Santander, Colombia. BIOMÉDICA 2020; 40:270-282. [PMID: 32673456 PMCID: PMC7505512 DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.4658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Introducción. Las enfermedades transmitidas por Aedes aegypti son un problema de salud pública. VECTOS es un programa novedoso de integración de estrategias de control de vectores. Objetivo. Evaluar el costo-efectividad del uso del VECTOS en los programas de control rutinario de enfermedades transmitidas por el vector Aedes aegypti en el municipio de San Juan de Girón (Santander). Materiales y métodos. Se evaluó el costo-efectividad del programa empleando un modelo de análisis de decisiones desde la perspectiva de las autoridades locales de salud. Se estudió la integración de las estrategias de control de vectores mediante el programa VECTOS utilizado en el municipio de San Juan de Girón durante el 2016, con el control rutinario llevado a cabo sin VECTOS en el municipio de Floridablanca. Se calculó la razón incremental del costo-efectividad (RICE), usando como medida de efectividad los años de vida ajustados por discapacidad (AVAD). Resultados. El uso del programa VECTOS fue rentable a una tasa de ahorro de USD$ 660,4 por cada AVAD evitado en comparación con el control de rutina en Floridablanca. El modelo probabilístico indicó que el sistema fue costo-efectivo en el 70 % de las 10.000 iteraciones para un umbral entre 1 y 3 PIB per cápita. Conclusiones. El programa VECTOS fue muy costo-efectivo en el municipio de San Juan de Girón. Su uso puede adoptarse en otros municipios del país donde las enfermedades transmitidas por A. aegypti son endémicas.
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Thompson R, Martin Del Campo J, Constenla D. A review of the economic evidence of Aedes-borne arboviruses and Aedes-borne arboviral disease prevention and control strategies. Expert Rev Vaccines 2020; 19:143-162. [PMID: 32077343 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2020.1733419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Aedes-borne arboviruses contributes substantially to the disease and cost burden.Areas covered: We performed a systematic review of the economic evidence surrounding aedes-borne arboviruses and strategies to prevent and control these diseases to inform disease control policy decisions and research directions. We searched four databases covering an 18-year period (2000-2018) to identify arboviral disease-related cost of illness studies, cost studies of vector control and prevention strategies, cost-effectiveness analyses and cost-benefit analyses. We identified 74 published studies that revealed substantial global total costs in yellow fever virus and dengue virus ranging from 2.1 to 57.3 billion USD. Cost studies of vector control and surveillance programs are limited, but a few studies found that costs of vector control programs ranged from 5.62 to 73.5 million USD. Cost-effectiveness evidence was limited across Aedes-borne diseases, but generally found targeted dengue vaccination programs cost-effective. This review revealed insufficient economic evidence for vaccine introduction and implementation of surveillance and vector control programs.Expert opinion: Evidence of the economic burden of aedes-borne arboviruses and the economic impact of strategies for arboviral disease prevention and control is critical to inform policy decisions and to secure continued financial support for these preventive and control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Thompson
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health (JHBSPH), International Vaccine Access Center (IVAC), Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Dagna Constenla
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health (JHBSPH), International Vaccine Access Center (IVAC), Baltimore, MD, USA
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Wilder-Smith A, Tissera H, AbuBakar S, Kittayapong P, Logan J, Neumayr A, Rocklöv J, Byass P, Louis VR, Tozan Y, Massad E, Preet R. Novel tools for the surveillance and control of dengue: findings by the DengueTools research consortium. Glob Health Action 2018; 11:1549930. [PMID: 30560735 PMCID: PMC6282436 DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2018.1549930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue fever persists as a major global disease burden, and may increase as a consequence of climate change. Along with other measures, research actions to improve diagnosis, surveillance, prevention, and predictive models are highly relevant. The European Commission funded the DengueTools consortium to lead a major initiative in these areas, and this review synthesises the outputs and findings of this work conducted from 2011 to 2016. Research areas: DengueTools organised its work into three research areas, namely [1] Early warning and surveillance systems; [2] Strategies to prevent dengue in children; and [3] Predictive models for the global spread of dengue. Research area 1 focused on case-studies undertaken in Sri Lanka, including developing laboratory-based sentinel surveillance, evaluating economic impact, identifying drivers of transmission intensity, evaluating outbreak prediction capacity and developing diagnostic capacity. Research area 2 addressed preventing dengue transmission in school children, with case-studies undertaken in Thailand. Insecticide-treated school uniforms represented an intriguing potential approach, with some encouraging results, but which were overshadowed by a lack of persistence of insecticide on the uniforms with repeated washing. Research area 3 evaluated potential global spread of dengue, particularly into dengue-naïve areas such as Europe. The role of international travel, changing boundaries of vectors, developing models of vectorial capacity under different climate change scenarios and strategies for vector control in outbreaks was all evaluated. CONCLUDING REMARKS DengueTools was able to make significant advances in methods for understanding and controlling dengue transmission in a range of settings. These will have implications for public health agendas to counteract dengue, including vaccination programmes. OUTLOOK Towards the end of the DengueTools project, Zika virus emerged as an unexpected epidemic in the central and southern America. Given the similarities between the dengue and Zika viruses, with vectors in common, some of the DengueTools thinking translated readily into the Zika situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelies Wilder-Smith
- Unit of Epidemiology and Global Health, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Hasitha Tissera
- Epidemiological Unit, Ministry of Health, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Sazaly AbuBakar
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus Reference and Research (Dengue/Severe Dengue), Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC) University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pattamaporn Kittayapong
- Center of Excellence for Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - James Logan
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Andreas Neumayr
- Department of Medical Services, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Joacim Rocklöv
- Unit of Epidemiology and Global Health, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Peter Byass
- Unit of Epidemiology and Global Health, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Valérie R. Louis
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg University Medical School, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yesim Tozan
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg University Medical School, Heidelberg, Germany
- NYU College of Global Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eduardo Massad
- School of Applied Mathematics, Fundacao Getulio Vargas, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Raman Preet
- Unit of Epidemiology and Global Health, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Carvalho FD, Moreira LA. Why is Aedes aegypti Linnaeus so Successful as a Species? NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 46:243-255. [PMID: 28401481 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-017-0520-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Diseases transmitted by mosquitoes impose enormous burden towards human morbidity and mortality. Over the last three decades, Brazil has suffered from severe Dengue epidemics. In September 2014, this situation is further complicated by the introduction of two other viruses, Zika and Chikungunya, placing Brazil in a triple epidemic. In this article, we discuss the biology of Aedes aegypti Linnaeus, and the principal initiatives currently used to control mosquito populations and the diseases they transmit. Aedes aegypti has broad global distribution and is involved in the transmission of various arboviral diseases such as Dengue, Zika, and Chikungunya. Several factors contribute to the success of the species, particularly behavioral plasticity, rapid development, desiccation-resistant eggs, resistance to the principle insecticide classes currently available on the market, preference for the urban environment, and proximity to humans. Vector control programs are the best way to reduce the burden of mosquito-borne diseases. Chemical control is most commonly used in recent times, and unfortunately, the results have not been satisfactory but instead, there is increased vector dispersal and, subsequently, the spread of disease epidemics. Investigations of alternative control methods such as release of Wolbachia-infected mosquitoes for blocking vector-borne pathogens, release of transgenic mosquitoes carrying a lethal gene for offspring, and the use of insecticide-dispersing mosquitoes are under way in Brazil, and some have shown promising results. Special emphasis should be placed on integrated management of all available tactics, so as to maximize efforts towards mosquito control. Finally, we emphasize that continuous actions and community participation control initiatives are critically important for success.
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Affiliation(s)
- F D Carvalho
- Mosquitos Vetores: Endossimbiontes e Interação Patógeno-Vetor, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (CPqRR / Fiocruz), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - L A Moreira
- Mosquitos Vetores: Endossimbiontes e Interação Patógeno-Vetor, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (CPqRR / Fiocruz), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Vythilingam I, Sam JIC, Chan YF, Khaw LT, Sulaiman WYW. New Paradigms for Virus Detection, Surveillance and Control of Zika Virus Vectors in the Settings of Southeast Asia. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1452. [PMID: 27679623 PMCID: PMC5020090 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) has now become a global public health concern. The vectors for ZIKV are Aedes aegypti and A. albopictus. Both these mosquitoes are predominant in Southeast Asia and are also responsible for the spread of other arboviral diseases like dengue virus and chikungunya virus. The incidence of dengue has been increasing over the years and this is of concern to public health workers. Simple laboratory tools for the detection of ZIKV is also lacking. In the absence of drugs and vaccine for these arboviral diseases, vector control is the main option for surveillance and control. Aedes larval surveys have been the hallmark of dengue control along with larviciding and fogging when cases are reported. However, we need new paradigms and options for control of these vectors. The current situation in Southeast Asia clearly proves that effective strategies for vector control need to be proactive and not reactive. This will be the way forward to control epidemics of these diseases inclusive of ZIKV until a vaccine becomes available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indra Vythilingam
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jamal I-C Sam
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yoke F Chan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Loke T Khaw
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wan Y Wan Sulaiman
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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DeRaedt Banks S, Orsborne J, Gezan SA, Kaur H, Wilder-Smith A, Lindsey SW, Logan JG. Permethrin-Treated Clothing as Protection against the Dengue Vector, Aedes aegypti: Extent and Duration of Protection. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2015; 9:e0004109. [PMID: 26440967 PMCID: PMC4595206 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Dengue transmission by the mosquito vector, Aedes aegypti, occurs indoors and outdoors during the day. Personal protection of individuals, particularly when outside, is challenging. Here we assess the efficacy and durability of different types of insecticide-treated clothing on laboratory-reared Ae. aegypti. Methods Standardised World Health Organisation Pesticide Evaluation Scheme (WHOPES) cone tests and arm-in-cage assays were used to assess knockdown (KD) and mortality of Ae. aegypti tested against factory-treated fabric, home-dipped fabric and microencapsulated fabric. Based on the testing of these three different treatment types, the most protective was selected for further analysis using arm-in cage assays with the effect of washing, ultra-violet light, and ironing investigated using high pressure liquid chromatography. Results Efficacy varied between the microencapsulated and factory dipped fabrics in cone testing. Factory-dipped clothing showed the greatest effect on KD (3 min 38.1%; 1 hour 96.5%) and mortality (97.1%) with no significant difference between this and the factory dipped school uniforms. Factory-dipped clothing was therefore selected for further testing. Factory dipped clothing provided 59% (95% CI = 49.2%– 66.9%) reduction in landing and a 100% reduction in biting in arm-in-cage tests. Washing duration and technique had a significant effect, with insecticidal longevity shown to be greater with machine washing (LW50 = 33.4) compared to simulated hand washing (LW50 = 17.6). Ironing significantly reduced permethrin content after 1 week of simulated use, with a 96.7% decrease after 3 months although UV exposure did not reduce permethrin content within clothing significantly after 3 months simulated use. Conclusion Permethrin-treated clothing may be a promising intervention in reducing dengue transmission. However, our findings also suggest that clothing may provide only short-term protection due to the effect of washing and ironing, highlighting the need for improved fabric treatment techniques. Personal protection technologies could be a key tool in the fight against arthropod borne diseases. Insecticide treated clothing may have a significant effect on reducing mosquito borne disease by reducing biting rates and local vector populations. Currently there are four main treatment techniques; absorption, incorporation, polymer coating, and micro-encapsulation which are used to treat clothing with permethrin but little is known regarding the efficacy and duration of protection provided by these techniques. The evaluation of these different treatment techniques using standardised World Health Organisation Pesticide Evaluation Scheme (WHOPES) assays and high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis provides further information on factors which have a significant effect on the efficacy and duration of protection of treated clothing. This will aid in the design and implementation of control programs using insecticide treated clothing. However, washing technique and heat exposure have a significant effect on efficacy, emphasising the need for further investigation into treatment techniques, so duration of protection can be increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah DeRaedt Banks
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - James Orsborne
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- arctec, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Salvador A. Gezan
- SFRC, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Harparkash Kaur
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Annelies Wilder-Smith
- Department of Global Health and Epidemiology, Umea University, Umea, Sweden
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Steve W. Lindsey
- School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
| | - James G. Logan
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- arctec, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Londono-Renteria B, Patel JC, Vaughn M, Funkhauser S, Ponnusamy L, Grippin C, Jameson SB, Apperson C, Mores CN, Wesson DM, Colpitts TM, Meshnick SR. Long-Lasting Permethrin-Impregnated Clothing Protects Against Mosquito Bites in Outdoor Workers. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2015. [PMID: 26195460 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.15-0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Outdoor exposure to mosquitoes is a risk factor for many diseases, including malaria and dengue. We have previously shown that long-lasting permethrin-impregnated clothing protects against tick and chigger bites in a double-blind randomized controlled trial in North Carolina outdoor workers. Here, we evaluated whether this clothing is protective against mosquito bites by measuring changes in antibody titers to mosquito salivary gland extracts. On average, there was a 10-fold increase in titer during the spring and summer when mosquito exposure was likely to be the highest. During the first year of the study, the increase in titer in subjects wearing treated uniforms was 2- to 2.5-fold lower than that of control subjects. This finding suggests that long-lasting permethrin-impregnated clothing provided protection against mosquito bites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berlin Londono-Renteria
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina; Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana; Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Jaymin C Patel
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina; Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana; Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Meagan Vaughn
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina; Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana; Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Sheana Funkhauser
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina; Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana; Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Loganathan Ponnusamy
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina; Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana; Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Crystal Grippin
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina; Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana; Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Sam B Jameson
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina; Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana; Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Charles Apperson
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina; Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana; Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Christopher N Mores
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina; Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana; Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Dawn M Wesson
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina; Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana; Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Tonya M Colpitts
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina; Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana; Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Steven R Meshnick
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina; Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana; Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
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Correction: use of insecticide-treated school uniforms for prevention of dengue in schoolchildren: a cost-effectiveness analysis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118038. [PMID: 25647615 PMCID: PMC4444014 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Murray N, Jansarikij S, Olanratmanee P, Maskhao P, Souares A, Wilder-Smith A, Kittayapong P, Louis VR. Acceptability of impregnated school uniforms for dengue control in Thailand: a mixed methods approach. Glob Health Action 2014; 7:24887. [PMID: 25183313 PMCID: PMC4152550 DOI: 10.3402/gha.v7.24887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background As current dengue control strategies have been shown to be largely ineffective in reducing dengue in school-aged children, novel approaches towards dengue control need to be studied. Insecticide-impregnated school uniforms represent an innovative approach with the theoretical potential to reduce dengue infections in school children. Objectives This study took place in the context of a randomised control trial (RCT) to test the effectiveness of permethrin-impregnated school uniforms (ISUs) for dengue prevention in Chachoengsao Province, Thailand. The objective was to assess the acceptability of ISUs among parents, teachers, and principals of school children involved in the trial. Methodology Quantitative and qualitative tools were used in a mixed methods approach. Class-clustered randomised samples of school children enrolled in the RCT were selected and their parents completed 321 self-administered questionnaires. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used to analyse the quantitative data. Focus group discussions and individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with parents, teachers, and principals. Qualitative data analysis involved content analysis with coding and thematic development. Results The knowledge and experience of dengue was substantial. The acceptability of ISUs was high. Parents (87.3%; 95% CI 82.9–90.8) would allow their child to wear an ISU and 59.9% (95% CI 53.7–65.9) of parents would incur additional costs for an ISU over a normal uniform. This was significantly associated with the total monthly income of a household and the educational level of the respondent. Parents (62.5%; 95% CI 56.6–68.1) indicated they would be willing to recommend ISUs to other parents. Conclusions Acceptability of the novel tool of ISUs was high as defined by the lack of concern along with the willingness to pay and recommend. Considering issues of effectiveness and scalability, assessing acceptability of ISUs over time is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Murray
- Institute of Public Health, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Suphachai Jansarikij
- Center of Excellence for Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Phanthip Olanratmanee
- Center of Excellence for Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Pongsri Maskhao
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Rajabhat Rajanagarindra University, Chachoengsao, Thailand
| | - Aurélia Souares
- Institute of Public Health, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Annelies Wilder-Smith
- Institute of Public Health, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore; Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Pattamaporn Kittayapong
- Center of Excellence for Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Valérie R Louis
- Institute of Public Health, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany;
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