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Kostecki KL, Iida M, Crossman BE, Salgia R, Harari PM, Bruce JY, Wheeler DL. Immune Escape Strategies in Head and Neck Cancer: Evade, Resist, Inhibit, Recruit. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:312. [PMID: 38254801 PMCID: PMC10814769 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16020312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancers (HNCs) arise from the mucosal lining of the aerodigestive tract and are often associated with alcohol use, tobacco use, and/or human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Over 600,000 new cases of HNC are diagnosed each year, making it the sixth most common cancer worldwide. Historically, treatments have included surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, and while these treatments are still the backbone of current therapy, several immunotherapies have recently been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in HNC. The role of the immune system in tumorigenesis and cancer progression has been explored since the early 20th century, eventually coalescing into the current three-phase model of cancer immunoediting. During each of the three phases-elimination, equilibrium, and escape-cancer cells develop and utilize multiple strategies to either reach or remain in the final phase, escape, at which point the tumor is able to grow and metastasize with little to no detrimental interference from the immune system. In this review, we summarize the many strategies used by HNC to escape the immune system, which include ways to evade immune detection, resist immune cell attacks, inhibit immune cell functions, and recruit pro-tumor immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kourtney L. Kostecki
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA; (K.L.K.); (M.I.); (B.E.C.)
| | - Mari Iida
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA; (K.L.K.); (M.I.); (B.E.C.)
| | - Bridget E. Crossman
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA; (K.L.K.); (M.I.); (B.E.C.)
| | - Ravi Salgia
- Department of Medical Oncology and Experimental Therapeutics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA;
| | - Paul M. Harari
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA; (K.L.K.); (M.I.); (B.E.C.)
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI 53705, USA;
| | - Justine Y. Bruce
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI 53705, USA;
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Deric L. Wheeler
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA; (K.L.K.); (M.I.); (B.E.C.)
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI 53705, USA;
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Wang J, Wu W, Yuan T, Wang L, Zang L, Liu Q, Wang L, Huo X, Huo B, Tang Y, Wang H, Zhao Z. Tumor-associated macrophages and PD-L1 in prostate cancer: a possible key to unlocking immunotherapy efficacy. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:445-465. [PMID: 38189834 PMCID: PMC10817380 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Prostate cancer (PCa) is often considered as a "cold" tumor with low responsiveness to immunotherapy. Recent evidence suggests the activation of specific immune cells, such as tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), could potentially influence the efficacy of immunotherapy in PCa. However, the relationship between TAMs and PD-L1, a significant regulator in immunotherapy, within PCa remains unexplored. METHODS In this study, we assessed TAM infiltration and PD-L1 expression levels in a local cohort of 95 PCa tissue samples and two publicly available PCa datasets. We employed a combination of bioinformatics and experimental techniques, including gene set enrichment analysis, CIBERSORTx, tissue microarray, immunohistochemistry staining, and analysis of single-cell sequencing datasets, to provide a comprehensive understanding of the association between PD-L1 and TAMs in the PCa microenvironment. RESULTS The study showed that CD68+ TAMs and CD163+ TAMs (M2-TAMs) were more abundant in the tumor microenvironment than in non-cancerous surrounding tissues. The infiltration of CD163+ TAMs was significantly associated with the Gleason score and risk stratification of PCa. Importantly, elevated PD-L1 expression correlated significantly with high infiltration of CD163+ TAMs. Furthermore, patients displaying high levels of CD163+ TAMs and PD-L1 expression exhibited shorter times to biochemical recurrence-free survival. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that CD163+ TAMs are closely associated with PD-L1 expression and can act as a valuable prognostic indicator for PCa. The high infiltration of M2-TAMs, coupled with the overexpression of PD-L1, may contribute to immune escape mechanisms in PCa, thereby influencing disease prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhuan Wang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
- Department of Oncology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Wenqi Wu
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Tian Yuan
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of Oncology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Li Zang
- Department of Oncology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Oncology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Oncology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Xiaodong Huo
- Department of Oncology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Bin Huo
- Department of Oncology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Yong Tang
- Department of Oncology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Haitao Wang
- Department of Oncology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Zhigang Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300192, China
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Ye M, Liu T, Liu S, Tang R, Liu H, Zhang F, Luo S, Li M. Peroxiredoxin 1 regulates crosstalk between pyroptosis and autophagy in oral squamous cell carcinoma leading to a potential pro-survival. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:425. [PMID: 38007535 PMCID: PMC10676359 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01720-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxiredoxin 1 (Prdx1), a vital antioxidant enzyme, has been proven to play an important role in the occurrence and development of cancers, but its effects on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remain unclear. Here, we performed bioinformatics analysis and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining to confirm that Prdx1 was higher in OSCC tissues than in normal tissues. Consistently, RT-PCR and Western blot showed elevated Prdx1 expression in OSCC cell lines compared to human oral keratinocytes (HOK), which could be knockdown by small interfering RNA (siRNA) and Lentiviral vector delivery of short hairpin RNA (shRNA). Prdx1 silencing significantly blocked OSCC cell proliferation and metastasis, as evidenced by the CCK8, colony formation, in vivo tumorigenesis experiment, wound healing, transwell assays, and changes in migration-related factors. siPrdx1 transfection increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and provoked pyroptosis, proved by the upregulation of pyroptotic factors and LDH release. Prdx1 silencing ROS-independently blocked autophagy. Mature autophagosome failed to form in the siPrdx1 group. Up-regulated autophagy limited pyroptosis triggered by Prdx1 deficiency, and down-regulated pyroptosis partly reversed siPrdx1-induced autophagy defect. Collectively, Prdx1 regulated pyroptosis in a ROS-dependent way and modulated autophagy in a ROS-independent way, involving the crosstalk between pyroptosis and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meilin Ye
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, China
- Center of Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, China
- Center of Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, China
- Center of Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Rong Tang
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, China
- Center of Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hongrui Liu
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, China
- Center of Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, China.
| | - Shenglei Luo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
| | - Minqi Li
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, China
- Center of Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Chohan MH, Perry M, Laurance-Young P, Salih VM, Foey AD. Prognostic Role of CD68 + and CD163 + Tumour-Associated Macrophages and PD-L1 Expression in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Meta-Analysis. Br J Biomed Sci 2023; 80:11065. [PMID: 37397243 PMCID: PMC10310926 DOI: 10.3389/bjbs.2023.11065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common malignant cancer in humans. An abundance of tumour associated macrophages (TAMs) create an immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment (TME). TAM markers (CD163 and CD68) are seen to serve as prognostic factors in OSCC. PD-L1 has seen to widely modulate the TME but its prognostic significance remains controversial. The aim of this meta-analysis is to evaluate the prognostic role of CD163+, CD68+ TAMs and PD-L1 in OSCC patients. Methods: Searches in PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science were performed; 12 studies were included in this meta-analysis. Quality assessment of included studies was performed according to REMARK guidelines. Risk of bias across studies was investigated according to the rate of heterogeneity. Meta-analysis was performed to investigate the association of all three biomarkers with overall survival (OS). Results: High expression of CD163+ TAMs were associated with poor overall survival (HR = 2.64; 95% Cl: [1.65, 4.23]; p < 0.0001). Additionally, high stromal expression of CD163+ TAMs correlated with poor overall survival (HR = 3.56; 95% Cl: [2.33, 5.44]; p < 0.00001). Conversely, high CD68 and PD-L1 expression was not associated with overall survival (HR = 1.26; 95% Cl: [0.76, 2.07]; p = 0.37) (HR = 0.64; 95% Cl: [0.35, 1.18]; p = 0.15). Conclusion: In conclusion, our findings indicate CD163+ can provide prognostic utility in OSCC. However, our data suggests CD68+ TAMs were not associated with any prognostic relevance in OSCC patients, whereas PD-L1 expression may prove to be a differential prognostic marker dependent on tumour location and stage of progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Haseeb Chohan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Perry
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Laurance-Young
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Vehid M. Salih
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew D. Foey
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
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Zhang W, Yang F, Zheng Z, Li C, Mao S, Wu Y, Wang R, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Wang H, Li W, Huang J, Yao X. Sulfatase 2 Affects Polarization of M2 Macrophages through the IL-8/JAK2/STAT3 Pathway in Bladder Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010131. [PMID: 36612128 PMCID: PMC9818157 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfatase 2 (SULF2) affects the occurrence and development of cancer by regulating HSPG-binding factors. However, the mechanism of SULF2 in bladder cancer (BCa) is unknown. To determine this, we analyzed the RNA sequencing of 90 patients with BCa. The results showed that the expression of SULF2 was closely related to the prognosis of BCa. Moreover, in vivo and in vitro experiments revealed that SULF2 promotes tumor proliferation and invasion. Furthermore, using a mouse orthotopic BCa model and flow cytometric analysis, we identified that SULF2 affects the polarization of macrophages. Mechanism studies clarified that SULF2 promoted the release of HSPG-binding factors, such as IL-8, in the microenvironment through β-catenin. Meanwhile, IL-8 activated the JAK2/STAT3 pathway of macrophages to promote the expression of CD163 and CD206, thereby regulating the polarization of macrophages to the M2-type. Conclusively, these results indicate that SULF2 plays an important role in regulating the microenvironment of BCa and promotes the polarization of macrophages to the M2-type by secreting IL-8, which further deepens the malignant progression of BCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200070, China
- Urologic Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200070, China
| | - Fuhan Yang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200070, China
- Urologic Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200070, China
| | - Zongtai Zheng
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200070, China
- Urologic Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200070, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200070, China
- Urologic Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200070, China
| | - Shiyu Mao
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200070, China
- Urologic Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200070, China
| | - Yuan Wu
- Department of Urology, Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Ruiliang Wang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200070, China
- Urologic Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200070, China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200070, China
- Urologic Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200070, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Clinical Medicine Scientific and Technical Innovation Park, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Shanghai 200435, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200070, China
- Urologic Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200070, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200070, China
- Urologic Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200070, China
| | - Jianhua Huang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200070, China
- Urologic Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200070, China
- Correspondence: (J.H.); (X.Y.)
| | - Xudong Yao
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200070, China
- Urologic Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200070, China
- Correspondence: (J.H.); (X.Y.)
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Photon- and Proton-Mediated Biological Effects: What Has Been Learned? LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 13:life13010030. [PMID: 36675979 PMCID: PMC9866122 DOI: 10.3390/life13010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The current understanding of the effects of radiation is gradually becoming broader. However, it still remains unclear why some patients respond to radiation with a pronounced positive response, while in some cases the disease progresses. This is the motivation for studying the effects of radiation therapy not only on tumor cells, but also on the tumor microenvironment, as well as studying the systemic effects of radiation. In this framework, we review the biological effects of two types of radiotherapy: photon and proton irradiations. Photon therapy is a commonly used type of radiation therapy due to its wide availability and long-term history, with understandable and predictable outcomes. Proton therapy is an emerging technology, already regarded as the method of choice for many cancers in adults and children, both dosimetrically and biologically. This review, written after the analysis of more than 100 relevant literary sources, describes the local effects of photon and proton therapy and shows the mechanisms of tumor cell damage, interaction with tumor microenvironment cells and effects on angiogenesis. After systematic analysis of the literature, we can conclude that proton therapy has potentially favorable toxicological profiles compared to photon irradiation, explained mainly by physical but also biological properties of protons. Despite the fact that radiobiological effects of protons and photons are generally similar, protons inflict reduced damage to healthy tissues surrounding the tumor and hence promote fewer adverse events, not only local, but also systemic.
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The prognostic role of tumor associated macrophages in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Oral Oncol 2022; 135:106227. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2022.106227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Miao Y, Deng Y, Liu J, Wang J, Hu B, Hao S, Wang H, Zhang Z, Jin Z, Zhang Y, Li C, Zhang P, Wan H, Zhang S, Feng J, Ji N. Anti-cancer effect of targeting fibroblast activation protein alpha in glioblastoma through remodeling macrophage phenotype and suppressing tumor progression. CNS Neurosci Ther 2022; 29:878-892. [PMID: 36382346 PMCID: PMC9928553 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most malignant form of glioma and has a poor median survival time. Fibroblast activation protein alpha (FAP) is a dual-specificity serine protease that is strongly associated with the development and progression of human carcinomas. However, relatively little is known about the function of FAP and its potential as a therapeutic target in GBMs. AIMS In this study, we aimed to explore the role of FAP in GBM through a series of experiments and to evaluate the therapeutic effect of PT100, a small molecule inhibitor of FAP, on GBM. RESULTS Increased FAP expression was associated with poor survival in glioma. In vitro, FAP knockdown inhibited the process of EMT and caused a decrease in the number of M2 macrophages. In vivo, PT100 was confirmed to suppress the progression of GBMs significantly. CONCLUSIONS FAP could serve as a biomarker and novel therapeutic target for the treatment of GBM and that PT100 is a promising drug for the treatment of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhou Miao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina,National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (China)BeijingChina
| | - Yuxuan Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina,National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (China)BeijingChina
| | - Jinqiu Liu
- Beijing Neurosurgical InstituteCapital Medical UniversityFengtai, BeijingChina
| | - Jing Wang
- Beijing Neurosurgical InstituteCapital Medical UniversityFengtai, BeijingChina
| | - Boyi Hu
- Beijing Neurosurgical InstituteCapital Medical UniversityFengtai, BeijingChina
| | - Shuyu Hao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina,National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (China)BeijingChina
| | - Herui Wang
- Neuro‐Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina,National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (China)BeijingChina
| | - Zeping Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina,National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (China)BeijingChina
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina,National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (China)BeijingChina
| | - Chunzhao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina,National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (China)BeijingChina
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina,National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (China)BeijingChina
| | - Hong Wan
- Beijing Neurosurgical InstituteCapital Medical UniversityFengtai, BeijingChina
| | - Shaodong Zhang
- Beijing Neurosurgical InstituteCapital Medical UniversityFengtai, BeijingChina
| | - Jie Feng
- Beijing Neurosurgical InstituteCapital Medical UniversityFengtai, BeijingChina,Beijing Cancer Institute, Beijing Institute for Brain DisordersCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Nan Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina,National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (China)BeijingChina,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data‐Based Precision Medicine, School of Engineering MedicineBeihang UniversityBeijingChina
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Mesoporous Silica Particles Functionalized with Newly Extracted Fish Oil (Omeg@Silica) Reducing IL-8 Counteract Cell Migration in NSCLC Cell Lines. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102079. [PMID: 36297513 PMCID: PMC9609990 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the leading forms of cancer in developed countries. Interleukin-8 (IL-8), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, exerts relevant effects in cancer growth and progression, including angiogenesis and metastasis in lung cancer. Mesoporous silica particles, functionalized with newly extracted fish oil (Omeg@Silica), are more effective than the fish oil alone in anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines. The mechanisms that explain this efficacy are not yet understood. The aim of the present study is therefore to decipher the anti-cancer effects of a formulation of Omeg@Silica in aqueous ethanol (FOS) in adenocarcinoma (A549) and muco-epidermoid (NCI-H292) lung cancer cells, evaluating cell migration, as well as IL-8, NF-κB, and miRNA-21 expression. Results show that in both cell lines, FOS was more efficient than oil alone, in decreasing cell migration and IL-8 gene expression. FOS reduced IL-8 protein release in both cell lines, but this effect was only stronger than the oil alone in A549. In A549, FOS was able to reduce miRNA-21 and transcription factor NF-κB nuclear expression. Taken together, these data support the potential use of the Omeg@Silica as an add-on therapy for NSCLC. Dedicated studies which prove clinical efficacy are needed.
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Jumaniyazova E, Lokhonina A, Dzhalilova D, Kosyreva A, Fatkhudinov T. Immune Cells in Head-and-Neck Tumor Microenvironments. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12091521. [PMID: 36143308 PMCID: PMC9506052 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12091521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Head-and-neck cancers constitute a heterogeneous group of aggressive tumors with high incidence and low survival rates, collectively being the sixth most prevalent cancer type globally. About 90% of head-and-neck cancers are classified as squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). The innate and adaptive immune systems, indispensable for anti-cancer immune surveillance, largely define the rates of HNSCC emergence and progression. HNSCC microenvironments harbor multiple cell types that infiltrate the tumors and interact both with tumor cells and among themselves. Gradually, tumor cells learn to manipulate the immune system, either by adapting their own immunogenicity or through the release of immunosuppressive molecules. These interactions continuously evolve and shape the tumor microenvironment, both structurally and functionally, facilitating angiogenesis, proliferation and metastasis. Our understanding of this evolution is directly related to success in the development of advanced therapies. This review focuses on the key mechanisms that rule HNSCC infiltration, featuring particular immune cell types and their roles in the pathogenesis. A close focus on the tumor-immunity interactions will help identify new immunotherapeutic targets in patients with HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enar Jumaniyazova
- Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 117198 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-9254258360
| | - Anastasiya Lokhonina
- Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 117198 Moscow, Russia
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named after Academician V.I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 4 Oparina Street, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dzhuliia Dzhalilova
- Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 117198 Moscow, Russia
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery, 3 Tsyurupy Street, 117418 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Kosyreva
- Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 117198 Moscow, Russia
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery, 3 Tsyurupy Street, 117418 Moscow, Russia
| | - Timur Fatkhudinov
- Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 117198 Moscow, Russia
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery, 3 Tsyurupy Street, 117418 Moscow, Russia
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Kondoh N, Mizuno-Kamiya M. The Role of Immune Modulatory Cytokines in the Tumor Microenvironments of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14122884. [PMID: 35740551 PMCID: PMC9221278 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14122884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Malignant phenotypes of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) are regulated by the pro- and anti-tumoral activities of immune modulatory cytokines associated with tumor microenvironments (TMEs). We first present the immune modulatory effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines, pro- and anti- (pro-/anti-) inflammatory cytokines, and anti-inflammatory cytokines upon HNSCC phenotypes. We then report our evaluation of the functions of cytokines and chemokines that mediate the crosstalk between tumors and stromal cells, including cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). In HNSCCs, the status of lymph node metastasis is an important hallmark of a worse prognosis. Several chemokines mediate lymph node metastases in HNSCC patients. There are therapeutic approaches, using antitumoral cytokines or immunotherapies, that target cytokines, chemokines, or signal molecules essential for the immune evasion of HNSCCs. Finally, modulation by human papilloma virus (HPV) infection in HNSCC phenotypes and the prognostic significance of serum cytokine levels in HNSCC patients are discussed. Abstract HNSCCs are the major progressive malignancy of the upper digestive and respiratory organs. Malignant phenotypes of HNSCCs are regulated by the pro- and anti-tumoral activities of the immune modulatory cytokines associated with TMEs, i.e., a representative pro-inflammatory cytokine, interferon (IFN)-γ, plays a role as an anti-tumor regulator against HNSCCs; however, IFN-γ also drives programmed death-ligand (PD-L) 1 expression to promote cancer stem cells. Interleukin (IL)-2 promotes the cytotoxic activity of T cells and natural killer cells; however, endogenous IL-2 can promote regulatory T cells (Tregs), resulting in the protection of HNSCCs. In this report, we first classified and mentioned the immune modulatory aspects of pro-inflammatory cytokines, pro-/anti-inflammatory cytokines, and anti-inflammatory cytokines upon HNSCC phenotypes. In the TME of HNSCCs, pro-tumoral immune modulation is mediated by stromal cells, including CAFs, MDSCs, pDCs, and TAMs. Therefore, we evaluated the functions of cytokines and chemokines that mediate the crosstalk between tumor cells and stromal cells. In HNSCCs, the status of lymph node metastasis is an important hallmark of a worse prognosis. We therefore evaluated the possibility of chemokines mediating lymph node metastases in HNSCC patients. We also mention therapeutic approaches using anti-tumoral cytokines or immunotherapies that target cytokines, chemokines, or signal molecules essential for the immune evasion of HNSCCs. We finally discuss modulation by HPV infection upon HNSCC phenotypes, as well as the prognostic significance of serum cytokine levels in HNSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuo Kondoh
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Mizuho 501-0296, Gifu, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-58-329-1416; Fax: +81-58-329-1417
| | - Masako Mizuno-Kamiya
- Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Business Administration, Asahi University School of Business Administration, Mizuho 501-0296, Gifu, Japan;
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12
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Molecular Signatures of Tumour and Its Microenvironment for Precise Quantitative Diagnosis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: An International Multi-Cohort Diagnostic Validation Study. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14061389. [PMID: 35326543 PMCID: PMC8945999 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heterogeneity in oral potentially malignant disorder (OPMD) poses a problem for accurate prognosis that impacts on treatment strategy and patient outcome. A holistic assessment based on gene expression signatures from both the tumour cells and their microenvironment is necessary to provide a more precise prognostic assessment than just tumour cell signatures alone. METHODS We reformulated our previously established multigene qPCR test, quantitative Malignancy Index Diagnostic System (qMIDS) with new genes involved in matrix/stroma and immune modulation of the tumour microenvironment. An algorithm calculates and converts a panel of 16 gene mRNA expression levels into a qMIDS index to quantify risk of malignancy for each sample. RESULTS The new qMIDSV2 assay was validated in a UK oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cohort (n = 282) of margin and tumour core samples demonstrating significantly better diagnostic performance (AUC = 0.945) compared to previous qMIDSV1 (AUC = 0.759). Performance of qMIDSV2 were independently validated in Chinese (n = 35; AUC = 0.928) and Indian (n = 95; AUC = 0.932) OSCC cohorts. Further, 5-year retrospective analysis on an Indian dysplastic lesion cohort (n = 30) showed that qMIDSV2 was able to significantly differentiate between lesions without transformation and those with malignant transformation. CONCLUSIONS This study validated a novel multi-gene qPCR test on a total of 535 tissue specimens from UK, China and India, demonstrating a rapid minimally invasive method that has a potential application for dysplasia risk stratification. Further study is required to establish if qMIDSV2 could be used to improve OPMD patient management, guide treatment strategy and reduce oral cancer burden.
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Kai K, Moriyama M, Haque ASMR, Hattori T, Chinju A, Hu C, Kubota K, Miyahara Y, Kakizoe-Ishiguro N, Kawano S, Nakamura S. Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Contributes to Differentiation of Monocyte-Derived Tumor-Associated Macrophages via PAI-1 and IL-8 Production. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9475. [PMID: 34502382 PMCID: PMC8430735 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) promote cancer cell proliferation and metastasis, as well as anti-tumor immune suppression. Recent studies have shown that tumors enhance the recruitment and differentiation of TAMs, but the detailed mechanisms have not been clarified. We thus examined the influence of cancer cells on the differentiation of monocytes to TAM subsets, including CD163+, CD204+, and CD206+ cells, in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) using immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, and a cytokine array. Furthermore, we investigated the effect of OSCC cells (HSC-2, SQUU-A, and SQUU-B cells) on the differentiation of purified CD14+ cells to TAM subsets. The localization patterns of CD163+, CD204+, and CD206+ in OSCC sections were quite different. The expression of CD206 on CD14+ cells was significantly increased after the co-culture with OSCC cell lines, while the expressions of CD163 and CD204 on CD14+ cells showed no change. High concentrations of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) were detected in the conditioned medium of OSCC cell lines. PAI-1 and IL-8 stimulated CD14+ cells to express CD206. Moreover, there were positive correlations among the numbers of CD206+, PAI-1+, and IL-8+ cells in OSCC sections. These results suggest that PAI-1 and IL-8 produced by OSCC contribute to the differentiation of monocytes to CD206+ TAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Kai
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (K.K.); (A.S.M.R.H.); (T.H.); (A.C.); (C.H.); (Y.M.); (N.K.-I.); (S.K.); (S.N.)
| | - Masafumi Moriyama
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (K.K.); (A.S.M.R.H.); (T.H.); (A.C.); (C.H.); (Y.M.); (N.K.-I.); (S.K.); (S.N.)
- OBT Research Center, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - A. S. M. Rafiul Haque
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (K.K.); (A.S.M.R.H.); (T.H.); (A.C.); (C.H.); (Y.M.); (N.K.-I.); (S.K.); (S.N.)
- Department of Dental Anatomy, Udayan Dental College, House No: 1, Ward No: 7, Chondipur, GPO, Rajpara, Rajshahi 6000, Bangladesh
| | - Taichi Hattori
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (K.K.); (A.S.M.R.H.); (T.H.); (A.C.); (C.H.); (Y.M.); (N.K.-I.); (S.K.); (S.N.)
| | - Akira Chinju
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (K.K.); (A.S.M.R.H.); (T.H.); (A.C.); (C.H.); (Y.M.); (N.K.-I.); (S.K.); (S.N.)
| | - Chen Hu
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (K.K.); (A.S.M.R.H.); (T.H.); (A.C.); (C.H.); (Y.M.); (N.K.-I.); (S.K.); (S.N.)
| | - Keigo Kubota
- Department of Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Dentistry and Orthodontics, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan;
| | - Yuka Miyahara
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (K.K.); (A.S.M.R.H.); (T.H.); (A.C.); (C.H.); (Y.M.); (N.K.-I.); (S.K.); (S.N.)
| | - Noriko Kakizoe-Ishiguro
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (K.K.); (A.S.M.R.H.); (T.H.); (A.C.); (C.H.); (Y.M.); (N.K.-I.); (S.K.); (S.N.)
| | - Shintaro Kawano
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (K.K.); (A.S.M.R.H.); (T.H.); (A.C.); (C.H.); (Y.M.); (N.K.-I.); (S.K.); (S.N.)
| | - Seiji Nakamura
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (K.K.); (A.S.M.R.H.); (T.H.); (A.C.); (C.H.); (Y.M.); (N.K.-I.); (S.K.); (S.N.)
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Kalogirou EM, Tosios KI, Christopoulos PF. The Role of Macrophages in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:611115. [PMID: 33816242 PMCID: PMC8014034 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.611115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer is a common malignancy worldwide, with high disease-related death rates. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) accounts for more than 90% of oral tumors, with surgical management remaining the treatment of choice. However, advanced and metastatic OSCC is still incurable. Thus, emphasis has been given lately in understanding the complex role of the oral tumor microenvironment (TME) in OSCC progression, in order to identify novel prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) constitute a major population of the OSCC TME, with bipolar role in disease progression depending on their activation status (M1 vs. M2). Here, we provide an up to date review of the current literature on the role of macrophages during oral oncogenesis, as well as their prognostic significance in OSCC survival and response to standard treatment regimens. Finally, we discuss novel concepts regarding the potential use of macrophages as targets for OSCC immunotherapeutics and suggest future directions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Marina Kalogirou
- Department of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos I Tosios
- Department of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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15
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Lopez-Labady J, Bologna-Molina R, Villarroel-Dorrego M. Expression of Interleukin-1ß and Interleukin-8 in Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders and Carcinomas. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2021; 2:649406. [PMID: 35048001 PMCID: PMC8757690 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2021.649406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) epithelial expressions in potentially malignant disorders of the oral mucosa as malignant predictive markers. Study design: About 55 tissues embedded in paraffin, comprising 15 oral lichen planus (OLP) lesions, 15 leukoplakias, 15 oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC), and 10 samples of normal oral mucosa were included in the study. IL-1ß and 8 expressions were assessed by immunohistochemistry using antibodies antihuman IL-1ß human (sc-7884, Santa Cruz® H-153) and antihuman IL-8 (ab7747, abcam®). The number of positive cells was compared using Student's t-test. Any p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Nuclear and cytoplasmatic keratinocyte staining were positive for both cytokines in all study groups. However, a statistically significant decrease was observed within all cases compared to normal mucosa, both staining for IL-1β and 8. Moreover, IL-8 showed significant differences between OLP and leukoplakia, and when compared to OSCC. Conclusions: Oral epithelial expression of IL-1β and 8 seems to decrease when the malignant transformation of the oral mucosa increases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ronell Bologna-Molina
- Molecular Pathology Area, School of Dentistry, University of the Republic, Uruguay University of the Republic (UDELAR), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Mariana Villarroel-Dorrego
- Oral Histopathology Laboratory, Dental School, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
- *Correspondence: Mariana Villarroel-Dorrego
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16
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Mukherjee A, Spadigam A, Dhupar A. Tumor-associated macrophages: Harbingers of aggressiveness in oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2021; 25:46-50. [PMID: 34349410 PMCID: PMC8272503 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_302_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The significance of the tumor microenvironment (TME) as a modulator of tumor behavior was acknowledged by Hanahan and Weinberg in 2011 as the emerging hallmarks and enabling characteristics of the hallmarks of cancer. Subsequently, the role of inflammation, in conferring aggressiveness to a tumor, was regarded as a fundamental process in the evolution of the TME. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are distinctly polarized inflammatory cells and key shapers of a protumorigenic microenvironment. AIMS The aim of the study was to evaluate the distribution of TAMs and the expression of CD-163 as a marker to evince tumor aggressiveness, in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). SETTINGS AND DESIGN A retrospective institutional study was approved by the institutional ethics committee, and random sampling was carried out. Cases fulfilling the inclusion criteria were subjected to S(site), T(tumor), N( node), M( metastasis), P(pathology) STNMP staging along with immunohistochemical evaluation of CD-163. METHODS Samples for this study included 58 archival cases of OSCC. Demographic details were recorded, and the STNMP stage ascertained, following which, each case was reevaluated histopathologically for the invasive front. Cases with sufficient stroma and demonstrating the invasive front were further subjected to immunohistochemical evaluation of CD-163 for TAMs. The density of CD-163-positive cells was assessed by three pathologists, independently, in a double-blinded evaluation using Image-J©. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Descriptive data were evaluated and analyzed statistically using Spearman's/Pearson's correlation tests based on the distribution of data. RESULTS The density of TAMs was noted to be directly proportional to the STNMP stage. In addition, a strong positive, statistically significant correlation was noted between the density of TAMs and tumor size, nodal status and STNMP stage. CONCLUSION The crucial role of the tumor microenvironment must be considered when evaluating OSCC. TAMs prove to be a reliable marker for assessing tumor aggressiveness and could aid in improved prognostication of OSCC, while also being potential targets for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupama Mukherjee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Goa Dental College and Hospital, Panaji, Goa, India
| | - Anita Spadigam
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Goa Dental College and Hospital, Panaji, Goa, India
| | - Anita Dhupar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Goa Dental College and Hospital, Panaji, Goa, India
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17
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Zhao XT, Zhu Y, Zhou JF, Gao YJ, Liu FZ. Development of a novel 7 immune-related genes prognostic model for oral cancer: A study based on TCGA database. Oral Oncol 2020; 112:105088. [PMID: 33220636 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2020.105088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is an aggressive tumor whose prognosis has little improvement in the last three decades. Various immune-related genes have been suggested as significant roles in the development and progression of malignant cancers. In this study, we acquired and integrated differentially expressed genes of OSCC patients, including immune-related genes and transcription factors (TFs), from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. TF-mediated network was established to exploring the regulatory mechanisms of prognostic immune-related genes. A 7 immune-related genes prognostic model for OSCC was obtained, including CGB8, CTLA4, TNFRSF19, CCL26, NRG1, TPM2 and PLAU, which was further proved to be an independent prognostic indicator after adjusting for other clinical factors. The immune-related genes prognostic index was significantly negatively correlated to the infiltration abundances of B cells (P < 0.05) and CD8+ T cells (P < 0.05). The novel proposed immune-based prognostic model not only provided a promising biomarker and a way to monitor the long-term treatment of OSCC, but also gave a new insight into a potential immunotherapy strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Tong Zhao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Department of Pathology, the People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province (The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medial University), Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | | | | | - Fang-Zhou Liu
- Department of Head & Neck Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
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18
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Economopoulou P, Kotsantis I, Psyrri A. Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy Response in Head and Neck Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3377. [PMID: 33203092 PMCID: PMC7696050 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) encompasses cellular and non-cellular components which play an important role in tumor evolution, invasion, and metastasis. A complicated interplay between tumor cells and adjacent TME cells, such as stromal cells, immune cells, inflammatory cells, and cytokines, leads to severe immunosuppression and the proliferation of cancer cells in several solid tumors. An immunosuppressive TME has a significant impact on treatment resistance and may guide response to immunotherapy. In head and neck cancer (HNC), immunotherapeutic drugs have been incorporated in everyday clinical practice. However, despite an exceptional rate of durable responses, only a low percentage of patients respond. In this review, we will focus on the complex interactions occurring in this dynamic system, the TME, which orchestrate key events that lead to tumor progression, immune escape, and resistance. Furthermore, we will summarize current clinical trials that depict the TME as a potential therapeutic target for improved patient selection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Amanda Psyrri
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece; (P.E.); (I.K.)
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19
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Skytthe MK, Graversen JH, Moestrup SK. Targeting of CD163 + Macrophages in Inflammatory and Malignant Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155497. [PMID: 32752088 PMCID: PMC7432735 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The macrophage is a key cell in the pro- and anti-inflammatory response including that of the inflammatory microenvironment of malignant tumors. Much current drug development in chronic inflammatory diseases and cancer therefore focuses on the macrophage as a target for immunotherapy. However, this strategy is complicated by the pleiotropic phenotype of the macrophage that is highly responsive to its microenvironment. The plasticity leads to numerous types of macrophages with rather different and, to some extent, opposing functionalities, as evident by the existence of macrophages with either stimulating or down-regulating effect on inflammation and tumor growth. The phenotypes are characterized by different surface markers and the present review describes recent progress in drug-targeting of the surface marker CD163 expressed in a subpopulation of macrophages. CD163 is an abundant endocytic receptor for multiple ligands, quantitatively important being the haptoglobin-hemoglobin complex. The microenvironment of inflammation and tumorigenesis is particular rich in CD163+ macrophages. The use of antibodies for directing anti-inflammatory (e.g., glucocorticoids) or tumoricidal (e.g., doxorubicin) drugs to CD163+ macrophages in animal models of inflammation and cancer has demonstrated a high efficacy of the conjugate drugs. This macrophage-targeting approach has a low toxicity profile that may highly improve the therapeutic window of many current drugs and drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria K. Skytthe
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark; (M.K.S.); (S.K.M.)
| | - Jonas Heilskov Graversen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark; (M.K.S.); (S.K.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +45-2173-3311
| | - Søren K. Moestrup
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark; (M.K.S.); (S.K.M.)
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
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Macrophages in Oral Carcinomas: Relationship with Cancer Stem Cell Markers and PD-L1 Expression. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12071764. [PMID: 32630659 PMCID: PMC7408350 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) can be polarized into antitumoral M1 and protumoral and immunosuppressive M2 macrophages. This study investigated the clinical relevance of TAM infiltration in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), evaluating CD68 (M1 and M2 macrophage marker) and CD163 expression (M2 macrophage marker) in the tumor nests and surrounding stroma. Immunohistochemical analysis of both stromal/tumoral CD68+ and CD163+ TAMs was performed in paraffin-embedded tissue specimens from 125 OSCC patients, and correlated with clinical data. Potential relationships with the expression of cancer stem cell (CSC) markers and PD-L1 in the tumors were also assessed. Stromal CD163+ infiltration was significantly associated with the tumor location in the tongue, and stromal and tumoral CD68+ and CD163+-infiltrating TAMs were more abundant in nonsmokers and non-alcohol-drinkers. Strikingly, this study uncovers an inverse relationship between CD68+ and CD163+ TAMs and CSC marker expression (NANOG and SOX2) in OSCC. High infiltration of CD163+ TAMs in both tumor and stroma was strongly and significantly correlated with the absence of NANOG expression. Moreover, infiltration of both CD68+ and CD163+ TAMs was also significantly associated with high tumor expression of PD-L1. Our results suggest that there is a link between TAM infiltration and immune escape in OSCC.
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21
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Wondergem NE, Nauta IH, Muijlwijk T, Leemans CR, van de Ven R. The Immune Microenvironment in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: on Subsets and Subsites. Curr Oncol Rep 2020; 22:81. [PMID: 32602047 PMCID: PMC7324425 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-020-00938-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To understand why some patients respond to immunotherapy but many do not, a clear picture of the tumor microenvironment (TME) of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is key. Here we review the current understanding on the immune composition per HNSCC subsite, the importance of the tumor's etiology and the prognostic power of specific immune cells. RECENT FINDINGS Large cohort data are mostly based on deconvolution of transcriptional databases. Studies focusing on infiltrate localization often entail small cohorts, a mixture of HNSCC subsites, or focus on a single immune marker rather than the interaction between cells within the TME. Conclusions on the prognostic impact of specific immune cells in HNSCC are hampered by the use of heterogeneous or small cohorts. To move forward, the field should focus on deciphering the immune composition per HNSCC subsite, in powered cohorts and considering the molecular diversity in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels E Wondergem
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University medical center, De Boelelaan, 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Irene H Nauta
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University medical center, De Boelelaan, 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tara Muijlwijk
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University medical center, De Boelelaan, 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C René Leemans
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University medical center, De Boelelaan, 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rieneke van de Ven
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University medical center, De Boelelaan, 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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22
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Li B, Ren M, Zhou X, Han Q, Cheng L. Targeting tumor-associated macrophages in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2020; 106:104723. [PMID: 32315971 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2020.104723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are associated with a poorer prognosis. TAMs, derived from inflammatory monocyte, play a critical role in regulating tumor progression. Generally, TAMs promote tumor progression and suppress immune response via both innate and adaptive immune mechanisms. However, as the double-blade sword, TAMs retain the potential pro-inflammatory ability to inhibit tumor progression. By depleting the immunosuppressive function or evoking anti-tumor ability, therapeutic strategies targeting TAMs show promising preclinical and clinical effects. Now, macrophage-centered therapeutic approaches are entering the clinical arena. In this review, we discuss the immunosuppressive role of TAMs in the tumor microenvironment and the therapeutic approaches targeting macrophages which offer promise in improving HNSCC outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Min Ren
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapy in Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Qi Han
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Oral Disease & Department of Oral Pathology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Lei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
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23
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Mallery SR, Wang D, Santiago B, Pei P, Bissonnette C, Jayawardena JA, Schwendeman SP, Spinney R, Lang J. Fenretinide, Tocilizumab, and Reparixin Provide Multifaceted Disruption of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Stem Cell Properties: Implications for Tertiary Chemoprevention. Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 18:2308-2320. [PMID: 31515297 PMCID: PMC6891199 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-19-0361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Locoregional recurrence of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) dramatically reduces patient survival. Further, as many OSCC recurrences are inoperable, radiotherapy and chemotherapy with or without biological adjuncts are the remaining treatment options. Although the tumors may initially respond, radiotherapy- and chemotherapy-resistant cancer stem cells (CSC) can readily repopulate OSCC tumors. Currently, following the initial OSCC treatment, patients are closely monitored until a recurrence or a second primary is detected. Identification of agents with complementary mechanisms to suppress CSC tumorigenic functions could change this passive approach. The goals of this study were twofold: (1) develop and validate CSC-enriched (CSCE) OSCC cell lines and (2) identify chemopreventive agents that obstruct multiple CSCE protumorigenic pathways. CSCE cultures, which were created by paclitaxel treatment followed by three tumorsphere passes, demonstrated CSC characteristics, including increased expression of stem cell and inflammatory genes, increased aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity, and enhanced in vitro/in vivo proliferation and invasion. Three chemopreventives, fenretinide, tocilizumab, and reparixin, were selected due to their distinct and complementary CSC-disruptive mechanisms. The CSCE selection process modulated the cells' intermediate filaments resulting in an epithelial-predominant (enhanced cytokeratin, proliferation, IL6 release) line and a mesenchymal-predominant (upregulated vimentin, invasive, IL8 release) line. Our results confirm that 4HPR binds with appreciably higher affinity than Wnt at the Frizzled binding site and significantly inhibits CSC-enabling Wnt-β-catenin downstream signaling. Notably, combination fenretinide-tocilizumab-reparixin treatment significantly suppressed IL6 and IL8 release, stem cell gene expression, and invasion in these diverse CSCE populations. These promising multiagent in vitro data provide the basis for our upcoming in vivo CSCE tertiary chemoprevention studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan R Mallery
- Division of Oral Maxillofacial Pathology and Radiology, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Daren Wang
- Division of Oral Maxillofacial Pathology and Radiology, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Brian Santiago
- Division of Oral Maxillofacial Pathology and Radiology, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Ping Pei
- Division of Oral Maxillofacial Pathology and Radiology, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Caroline Bissonnette
- Division of Oral Maxillofacial Pathology and Radiology, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jayanetti Asiri Jayawardena
- Division of Oral Maxillofacial Pathology and Radiology, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | | | - Richard Spinney
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - James Lang
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer, Columbus, Ohio
- Department of Otolaryngology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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24
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Downregulation of FOXP3 in neutrophils by IL-8 promotes the progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:4771-4777. [PMID: 31611987 PMCID: PMC6781744 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of the transcription factor forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) in neutrophils on the progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Cancer tissue samples and paracarcinoma tissues were collected from 23 patients with OSCC for the current study. In addition, SCC-9, a human tongue carcinoma cell line, was co-cultured with primary human neutrophils and treated with recombinant interleukin 8 (IL-8). The effect of FOXP3 on the proliferation of SCC-9 cells was analyzed using a Cell Counting Kit 8 assay. FOXP3 expression in neutrophils was analyzed by quantitative PCR following IL-8 treatment. FOXP3 protein expression in neutrophils and the amount of IL-8 protein in the OSCC tumor microenvironment were determined by immunofluorescence analysis. The present study demonstrated that IL-8 downregulated FOXP3 mRNA expression in neutrophils. Neutrophils and peptide P60, a specific inhibitor of FOXP3, increased proliferation of SCC-9 cells. In patients with OSCC, FOXP3 protein expression in neutrophils of the stage IV group was significantly lower compared with that of the stage II and stage III groups, while IL-8 protein expression was higher in cancer tissues compared with that in paracarcinoma tissues. In summary, IL-8 in the tumor microenvironment may recruit neutrophils, and downregulation of FOXP3 in neutrophils by IL-8 may promote the progression of OSCC.
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25
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Huang Z, Xie N, Liu H, Wan Y, Zhu Y, Zhang M, Tao Y, Zhou H, Liu X, Hou J, Wang C. The prognostic role of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes in oral squamous cell carcinoma: A meta-analysis. J Oral Pathol Med 2019; 48:788-798. [PMID: 31323145 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
It has been suggested that tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are associated with the progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). However, the prognostic value of TILs is inconclusive due to the heterogeneity of immune cells within the tumour microenvironment. In this meta-analysis, we aimed to assess the prognostic value of TILs in OSCC. The PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, Scopus and Web of Science databases were searched up to April 20, 2019, and 33 studies were ultimately included in this meta-analysis. Our pooled meta-analysis showed that high infiltration of CD8+ TILs, CD45RO+ TILs and CD57+ TILs favoured better overall survival (OS). However, high infiltration of CD68+ macrophages and CD163+ macrophages was associated with poor prognosis in OSCC. These findings suggest that CD8+ TILs, CD45RO+ TILs, CD57+ TILs, CD68+ macrophages and CD163+ macrophages might serve as novel prognostic factors and therapeutic targets in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengxian Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nan Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Oral Pathology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haichao Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuehan Wan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Zhu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yifan Tao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Han Zhou
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiqiang Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinsong Hou
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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26
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Rezaei F, Mozaffari HR, Tavasoli J, Zavattaro E, Imani MM, Sadeghi M. Evaluation of Serum and Salivary Interleukin-6 and Interleukin-8 Levels in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2019; 39:727-739. [PMID: 31314647 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2019.0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This meta-analysis aimed to assess the salivary and serum concentrations of IL-6 and IL-8 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients compared to the controls. Four electronic databases (Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science) were searched up to January 2019. The study quality was checked according to the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The mean difference (MD) plus 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were calculated using RevMan 5.3 software. The publication bias and sensitivity analysis were done using CMA 2.0 software. Out of 309 studies retrieved from the 4 databases, 26 studies were analyzed in the present meta-analysis. In this meta-analysis, the pooled MD in the OSCC patients compared to the controls was 19.06 pg/mL (95%CI: 14.78-23.33) for the serum IL-6 level, 199.14 pg/mL (95%CI: 47.39-350.89) for the serum IL-8 level, 122 pg/mL (95%CI: 64-179) for the salivary IL-6 level, and 958 pg/dL (95%CI: 718-1197) for the salivary IL-8 level. All values in this meta-analysis were statistically significant. In conclusion, according to the meta-analysis results, the serum and salivary IL-6 and IL-8 levels in OSCC patients were significantly elevated compared to the controls, and both cytokines can be useful as potential biomarkers in early OSCC diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Rezaei
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Mozaffari
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, School of Dentistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Jafar Tavasoli
- Students Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Elisa Zavattaro
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont "Amedeo Avogadro," Novara, Italy
| | - Mohammad Moslem Imani
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Masoud Sadeghi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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27
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de Aguiar RB, de Moraes JZ. Exploring the Immunological Mechanisms Underlying the Anti-vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Activity in Tumors. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1023. [PMID: 31156623 PMCID: PMC6530399 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies report the key role of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling on angiogenesis and on tumor growth. This has led to the development of a number of VEGF-targeted agents to treat cancer patients by disrupting the tumor blood vessel supply. Of them, bevacizumab, an FDA-approved humanized monoclonal antibody against VEGF, is the most promising. Although the use of antibodies targeting the VEGF pathway has shown clinical benefits associated with a reduction in the tumor blood vessel density, the inhibition of VEGF-driven vascular effects is only part of the functional mechanism of these therapeutic agents in the tumor ecosystem. Compelling reports have demonstrated that VEGF confers, in addition to the activation of angiogenesis-related processes, immunosuppressive properties in tumors. It is also known that structural remodeling of the tumor blood vessel bed by anti-VEGF approaches affect the influx and activation of immune cells into tumors, which might influence the therapeutic results. Besides that, part of the therapeutic effects of antiangiogenic antibodies, including their role in the tumor vascular network, might be triggered by Fc receptors in an antigen-independent manner. In this mini-review, we explore the role of VEGF inhibitors in the tumor microenvironment with focus on the immune system, discussing around the functional contribution of both bevacizumab's Fab and Fc domains to the therapeutic results and the combination of bevacizumab therapy with other immune-stimulatory settings, including adjuvant-based vaccine approaches.
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28
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Troiano G, Caponio VCA, Adipietro I, Tepedino M, Santoro R, Laino L, Lo Russo L, Cirillo N, Lo Muzio L. Prognostic significance of CD68 + and CD163 + tumor associated macrophages in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Oral Oncol 2019; 93:66-75. [PMID: 31109698 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2019.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) are among the most abundant cells of the tumor microenvironment. Several studies have been performed to investigate whether TAM markers, namely CD68 and CD163, could serve as prognostic factors in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to synthetize the available evidence of the literature about the role of CD68+ and CD163+ TAMs as prognostic factors in SCCHN. MATERIALS AND METHODS This systematic review was performed according to the guidelines reported in the Cochrane Handbook and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Meta-analysis of overall survival, disease-free survival and progression-free survival was performed using the inverse of variance test. A random- or a fixed- effect model was used on the basis of the presence of heterogeneity. Risk of bias assessment and subgroup analysis were also performed. RESULTS High stromal expression of CD163+ TAMs correlated with both poor overall survival (HR, 2.26; 95% CI: [1.47, 3.47]; P < 0.001) and progression-free survival (HR, 2.29; 95% CI: [1.11, 4.71]; P = 0.03). Conversely, abundance of CD68+ TAMs was not associated with overall survival (HR, 1.25; 95% CI: [0.86, 1.80]; P = 0.24) and disease-free survival (HR, 2.06; 95% CI: [0.84, 5.05]; P = 0.11). CONCLUSIONS Findings from this study revealed that whilst IHC analysis of the generic macrophage marker CD68+ has no prognostic utility in patients with SCCHN, the M2-like marker CD163+ predicts poor prognosis. Our data suggest that assessment of CD163+ TAMs in SCCHN has potential for future clinical use. Further well-standardized studies should be performed to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Troiano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
| | | | - Iolanda Adipietro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Michele Tepedino
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Rossella Santoro
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Odontostomatological Specialties, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Laino
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Odontostomatological Specialties, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Lucio Lo Russo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Nicola Cirillo
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lorenzo Lo Muzio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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29
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Li B, Liu Y, Hu T, Zhang Y, Zhang C, Li T, Wang C, Dong Z, Novakovic VA, Hu T, Shi J. Neutrophil extracellular traps enhance procoagulant activity in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2019; 145:1695-1707. [PMID: 31020419 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-019-02922-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypercoagulability is a major cancer-associated complication linked to poor patient prognosis. The production of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) is increasingly found to be linked with the development and metastasis of cancer, as well as with thrombi formation in cancer patients. We hypothesized that the neutrophil NET release may be triggered by specific cytokines in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients, thereby predisposing them to a hypercoagulable state. Moreover, we have evaluated the interaction between NETs and endothelial cells (ECs). METHODS NET procoagulant activity was assessed based on fibrin and purified coagulation complex production assays, as well as by measuring coagulation time (CT). We further used confocal microscopy to quantify the exposure of phosphatidylserine (PS), fibrin strands, and cell FVa/Xa binding. RESULTS OSCC patients with stage III/IV exhibited elevated plasma NET levels compared to stage I/II or CTR (all P < 0.05). Neutrophils from OSCC patients are predisposed to amplified NET release compared to those from CTR. Furthermore, depleting IL-8, IL-6, and TNF-α led to a reduction in NET release in the plasma. OSCC NETs increased thrombin and fibrin generation and decreased CT significantly (P < 0.05). When NETs were isolated and used to treat ECs, these cells exhibited disrupted morphology by retracting from their cell-cell junctions and convert to a procoagulant phenotype. These effects could be attenuated by approximately 70% using DNase I. CONCLUSIONS Our findings are consistent with a model wherein OSCC drives a systemic inflammatory state, which, in turn, drives neutrophils to prime and release NETs, which drive the development of a hypercoagulable state. Intervening in this process may be a viable means of disrupting these undesirable coagulation dynamics in stage III/IV OSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baorong Li
- Department of Stomatology, The First Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Yingmiao Liu
- Department of Stomatology, The First Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Tenglong Hu
- Department of Stomatology, The First Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China. .,Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology, Stomatology School, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Chunxu Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Zengxiang Dong
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Valerie A Novakovic
- Department of Research and Surgery, VA Boston Healthcare System, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02132, USA
| | - Tianshui Hu
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Jialan Shi
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China. .,Department of Research and Surgery, VA Boston Healthcare System, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02132, USA.
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30
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Hadler-Olsen E, Wirsing AM. Tissue-infiltrating immune cells as prognostic markers in oral squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Cancer 2019; 120:714-727. [PMID: 30808992 PMCID: PMC6461751 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-019-0409-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Various immune cells have been suggested as prognostic markers for cancer patients. In this article, we present a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies assessing the prognostic value of tissue-infiltrating immune cells in oral cancer and discuss the reporting quality of these studies. Methods We performed a systematic literature search and included studies using immunohistochemistry and survival analysis to assess the prognostic value of tumour-infiltrating T cells, B cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, mast cells and natural killer cells in oral cancer. We performed meta-analysis of studies providing necessary statistical data and investigated the studies’ adherence to the REporting recommendations for tumour MARKer prognostic studies (REMARK) guidelines. Results Of the 1960 articles identified, 33 were eligible for this systematic review and 8 were included in the meta-analysis. CD163+ M2 macrophages and CD57+ natural killer cells were the most promising predictors of survival in oral cancer patients. Many studies lacked important information on their design and conduct. Conclusion Deficiencies in the reporting of study design and conduct make it difficult to draw reliable conclusions about the suggested markers. The prognostic value of CD163+ M2 macrophages and CD57+ natural killer cells should be validated in large, standardised studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin Hadler-Olsen
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsø, Norway. .,Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsø, Norway. .,Department of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital of North Norway, 9038, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Anna Maria Wirsing
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsø, Norway
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31
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Hallmarks of Cancer-Related Newly Prognostic Factors of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082413. [PMID: 30115834 PMCID: PMC6121568 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancer, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), is the sixth leading malignancy worldwide. OSCC is an aggressive tumor and its prognosis has exhibited little improvement in the last three decades. Comprehensive elucidation of OSCC's molecular mechanism is imperative for early detection and treatment, improving patient survival. Based on broadly accepted notions, OSCC arises from multiple genetic alterations caused by chronic exposure to carcinogens. In 2011, research revealed 10 key alterations fundamental to cancer cell development: sustaining proliferative signaling, evading growth suppressors, avoiding immune destruction, activating invasion and metastasis, tumor-promoting inflammation, enabling replicative immortality, inducing angiogenesis, genome instability and mutation, resisting cell death, and deregulating energetics. This review describes molecular pathological findings on conventional and novel hallmarks of OSCC prognostic factors. In addition, the review summarizes the functions and roles of several molecules as novel OSCC prognosticators.
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Hirschi KM, Chapman S, Hall P, Ostergar A, Winden DR, Reynolds PR, Arroyo JA. Gas6 protein induces invasion and reduces inflammatory cytokines in oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Pathol Med 2018; 47:748-754. [PMID: 29856094 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gas6 protein is involved in the progression of cancers and has been demonstrated to have a role in inflammation. Oral squamous cell carcinoma is a common form of oral cancer, and it commonly expresses Gas6. Our objective was to determine the effects of Gas6 on oral squamous cell carcinoma invasion and identify signaling molecules and cytokines associated with Gas6-mediated invasion. METHODS Ca9-22 cells were cultured in the presence or absence of Gas6. Real-time cell invasion was evaluated, and cultured cells were lysed for Western blot analysis. Cell medium was collected and assayed for cytokine elaboration. RESULTS Treatment of cells with Gas6 resulted in: (i) increased invasion, (ii) increased expression of Gas6 and AXL receptor, (iii) reduced invasion when AXL was inhibited, (iv) decreased ERK activation, (v) increased AKT activation, and (vi) decreased secretion of G-CSF, IL-2, IL-6, and IL-8. CONCLUSIONS Gas6 increases invasion of oral squamous cell carcinoma, and the invasion correlates with the increased AKT and the downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. These results may prove useful in providing avenues that explain the role of Gas6 in the development and progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey M Hirschi
- Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Steven Chapman
- Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Parker Hall
- Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Adam Ostergar
- Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Duane R Winden
- College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, South Jordan, UT, USA
| | - Paul R Reynolds
- Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Juan A Arroyo
- Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
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Li Y, Cheng J, Li Y, Jiang Y, Ma J, Li Q, Pang T. CXCL8 is associated with the recurrence of patients with acute myeloid leukemia and cell proliferation in leukemia cell lines. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 499:524-530. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.03.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Xiao P, Long X, Zhang L, Ye Y, Guo J, Liu P, Zhang R, Ning J, Yu W, Wei F, Yu J. Neurotensin/IL-8 pathway orchestrates local inflammatory response and tumor invasion by inducing M2 polarization of Tumor-Associated macrophages and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1440166. [PMID: 29900041 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1440166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that neurotensin (NTS) induces local inflammation and promotes tumor invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not clear. In this study, positive correlations between NTS and interleukin (IL)-8 were identified at both the mRNA and protein levels in 71 fresh HCC tissues and 100 paraffin-embedded HCC tissues. Furthermore, significant correlations were determined among the co-expression of NTS and IL-8, infiltration of inflammatory cells and enhanced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of HCC cells. NTS-induced IL-8 production was associated with activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathways rather than the protein kinase C (PKC) and phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K) pathways, whose specific antagonists significantly inhibited activation of the NTS/IL-8 pathway. IL-8, which promoted EMT and HCC invasion both in vitro and in vivo, was produced by NTS-induced HCC cells and was effectively attenuated by blocking IL-8 receptors in vitro. Moreover, HCC-derived IL-8 attracted more CD68+ tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and CD66b+ polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) to the local microenvironment, displaying enhanced cytokine secretion and phagocytosis. IL-8 stimulated the M2 polarization of TAMs, which promoted the EMT and invasive potential of HCC cells. Blockage of the IL-8 receptor, NTR1 receptor or both significantly reduced HCC metastases in tumor-bearing mouse models via inhibiting EMT. In summary, aberrant activation of the NTS/IL-8 pathway in HCC dramatically stimulated the invasive potential of HCC cells. HCC-derived IL-8 promoted a pro-oncogenic inflammatory microenvironment by inducing M2-type TAMs and indirectly promoting EMT, which might be a valuable therapeutic target to prevent tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Xiao
- Cancer Molecular Diagnostics Core, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Caner, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, P. R. China.,Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Caner, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Xinxin Long
- Department of Oncology, Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Tengzhou, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Lijie Zhang
- Cancer Molecular Diagnostics Core, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Caner, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, P. R. China.,Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Caner, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Yingnan Ye
- Cancer Molecular Diagnostics Core, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Caner, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Jincheng Guo
- Bioinformatics Research Group & Health Big-Data, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Pengpeng Liu
- Cancer Molecular Diagnostics Core, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Caner, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Cancer Molecular Diagnostics Core, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Caner, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Junya Ning
- Cancer Molecular Diagnostics Core, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Caner, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, P. R. China.,Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Caner, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Wenwen Yu
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Caner, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Feng Wei
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Caner, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Jinpu Yu
- Cancer Molecular Diagnostics Core, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Caner, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, P. R. China.,Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Caner, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, P. R. China
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Hanazawa A, Ito R, Katano I, Kawai K, Goto M, Suemizu H, Kawakami Y, Ito M, Takahashi T. Generation of Human Immunosuppressive Myeloid Cell Populations in Human Interleukin-6 Transgenic NOG Mice. Front Immunol 2018; 9:152. [PMID: 29456539 PMCID: PMC5801301 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment contains unique immune cells, termed myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) that suppress host anti-tumor immunity and promote tumor angiogenesis and metastasis. Although these cells are considered a key target of cancer immune therapy, in vivo animal models allowing differentiation of human immunosuppressive myeloid cells have yet to be established, hampering the development of novel cancer therapies. In this study, we established a novel humanized transgenic (Tg) mouse strain, human interleukin (hIL)-6-expressing NOG mice (NOG-hIL-6 transgenic mice). After transplantation of human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), the HSC-transplanted NOG-hIL-6 Tg mice (HSC-NOG-hIL-6 Tg mice) showed enhanced human monocyte/macrophage differentiation. A significant number of human monocytes were negative for HLA-DR expression and resembled immature myeloid cells in the spleen and peripheral blood from HSC-NOG-hIL-6 Tg mice, but not from HSC-NOG non-Tg mice. Engraftment of HSC4 cells, a human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma-derived cell line producing various factors including IL-6, IL-1β, macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), into HSC-NOG-hIL-6 Tg mice induced a significant number of TAM-like cells, but few were induced in HSC-NOG non-Tg mice. The tumor-infiltrating macrophages in HSC-NOG-hIL-6 Tg mice expressed a high level of CD163, a marker of immunoregulatory myeloid cells, and produced immunosuppressive molecules such as arginase-1 (Arg-1), IL-10, and VEGF. Such cells from HSC-NOG-hIL-6 Tg mice, but not HSC-NOG non-Tg mice, suppressed human T cell proliferation in response to antigen stimulation in in vitro cultures. These results suggest that functional human TAMs can be developed in NOG-hIL-6 Tg mice. This mouse model will contribute to the development of novel cancer immune therapies targeting immunoregulatory/immunosuppressive myeloid cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asami Hanazawa
- Laboratory Animal Research Department, Central Institute for Experimental Animals (CIEA), Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Ryoji Ito
- Laboratory Animal Research Department, Central Institute for Experimental Animals (CIEA), Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Ikumi Katano
- Laboratory Animal Research Department, Central Institute for Experimental Animals (CIEA), Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Kenji Kawai
- Pathological Analysis Center, Central Institute for Experimental Animals (CIEA), Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Motohito Goto
- Animal Resources Center, Central Institute for Experimental Animals (CIEA), Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Suemizu
- Laboratory Animal Research Department, Central Institute for Experimental Animals (CIEA), Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kawakami
- Division of Cellular Signaling, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mamoru Ito
- Laboratory Animal Research Department, Central Institute for Experimental Animals (CIEA), Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Takeshi Takahashi
- Laboratory Animal Research Department, Central Institute for Experimental Animals (CIEA), Kawasaki, Japan
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Schiegnitz E, Kämmerer PW, Schön H, Blatt S, Berres M, Sagheb K, Al-Nawas B. Proinflammatory cytokines as serum biomarker in oral carcinoma-A prospective multi-biomarker approach. J Oral Pathol Med 2018; 47:268-274. [PMID: 29272054 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation and cell-mediated immunity have a key role in different stages of carcinogenesis. The aim of this prospective study was to assess serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and MHC class I polypeptide-related sequence B (MICB) in patients with oral premalignant lesion (OPL), oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and healthy controls in a multi-biomarker approach as a potential diagnostic and prognostic tool for OSCC. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 205 patients (81 with OSCC, 75 with OPL, and 49 healthy controls) were included in this prospective study. Cytokine concentrations were measured by commercial enzyme linked immunoassay and chemiluminescence immunoassay. RESULTS IL-6, IL-8, and sIL-2R were significantly elevated in OSCC patients compared to healthy controls and to OPL patients. Higher T-Grade (>T2) and positive lymph node involvement resulted in significantly higher IL-6 values (P < .001 and P = .037). IL-6 serum values ≥5 pg/mL (n = 45) and sIL-2R serum values ≥623 U/mL (n = 19) indicated a significant lower survival rate compared to OSCC patients with low IL-6 (n = 36) and sIL-2R values (n = 62, P = .023 and P = .026). ROC and classification tree analyses identified the combination of IL-6 and IL-8 as diagnostic markers with good diagnostic accuracy. CONCLUSION In conclusion, IL-6, IL-8, and sIL-2R are strongly associated with OSCC oncogenesis and IL-6 and sIL-2R seem to be promising and potent biomarkers for evaluating patients' prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eik Schiegnitz
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Peer W Kämmerer
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Holger Schön
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sebastian Blatt
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Manfred Berres
- Department of Mathematics and Technology, RheinAhrCampus Remagen, University of Applied Sciences Koblenz, Remagen, Germany.,Institute of Medical Biometry, Epidemiology and Informatics, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Keyvan Sagheb
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Bilal Al-Nawas
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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Jamal R, Lapointe R, Cocolakis E, Thébault P, Kazemi S, Friedmann JE, Dionne J, Cailhier JF, Bélanger K, Ayoub JP, Le H, Lambert C, El-Hajjar J, van Kempen LC, Spatz A, Miller WH. Peripheral and local predictive immune signatures identified in a phase II trial of ipilimumab with carboplatin/paclitaxel in unresectable stage III or stage IV melanoma. J Immunother Cancer 2017; 5:83. [PMID: 29157311 PMCID: PMC5696743 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-017-0290-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Checkpoint blockade with ipilimumab provides long-term survival to a significant proportion of patients with metastatic melanoma. New approaches to increase survival and to predict which patients will benefit from treatment are needed. This phase II trial combined ipilimumab with carboplatin/paclitaxel (CP) to assess its safety, efficacy, and to search for peripheral and tumor-based predictive biomarkers. METHODS Thirty patients with untreated unresectable/metastatic melanoma were treated with ipilimumab and CP. Adverse events (AEs) were monitored and response to treatment was evaluated. Tumor tissue and peripheral blood were collected at specified time points to characterize tumor immune markers by immunohistochemistry and systemic immune activity by multiplex assays and flow cytometry. RESULTS Eighty three percent of patients received all 5 cycles of CP and 93% completed ipilimumab induction. Serious AEs occurred in 13% of patients, and no treatment-related deaths were observed. Best Overall Response Rate (BORR) and Disease Control Rate (DCR) were 27 and 57%, respectively. Median overall survival was 16.2 months. Response to treatment was positively correlated with a higher tumor CD3+ infiltrate (immune score) at baseline. NRAS and BRAF mutations were less frequent in patients who experienced clinical benefit. Assessment of peripheral blood revealed that non-responders had elevated baseline levels of CXCL8 and CCL4, and a higher proportion of circulating late differentiated B cells. Pre-existing high levels of chemokines (CCL3, CCL4 and CXCL8) and advanced B cell differentiation were strongly associated with worse patient overall survival. Elevated proportions of circulating CD8+/PD-1+ T cells during treatment were associated with worse survival. CONCLUSIONS The combination of ipilimumab and CP was well tolerated and revealed novel characteristics associated with patients likely to benefit from treatment. A pre-existing systemic inflammatory state characterized by elevation of selected chemokines and advanced B cell differentiation, was strongly associated with poor patient outcomes, revealing potential predictive circulating biomarkers. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov , NCT01676649 , registered on August 29, 2012.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahima Jamal
- Hôpital Notre-Dame, Centre de recherche du CHUM, Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC Canada
| | - Réjean Lapointe
- Centre de recherche du CHUM, Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC Canada
| | - Eftihia Cocolakis
- Segal Cancer Center, Jewish General Hospital, Rossy Cancer Network, McGill University, 3755 Côte-St-Catherine, suite E670, Montreal, Québec Canada
| | - Paméla Thébault
- Centre de recherche du CHUM, Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC Canada
| | - Shirin Kazemi
- Segal Cancer Center, Jewish General Hospital, Rossy Cancer Network, McGill University, 3755 Côte-St-Catherine, suite E670, Montreal, Québec Canada
| | - Jennifer E. Friedmann
- Segal Cancer Center, Jewish General Hospital, Rossy Cancer Network, McGill University, 3755 Côte-St-Catherine, suite E670, Montreal, Québec Canada
| | - Jeanne Dionne
- Hôpital Notre-Dame, Centre de recherche du CHUM, Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC Canada
| | - Jean-François Cailhier
- Centre de recherche du CHUM, Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC Canada
| | - Karl Bélanger
- Hôpital Notre-Dame, Centre de recherche du CHUM, Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Ayoub
- Hôpital Notre-Dame, Centre de recherche du CHUM, Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC Canada
| | - Huy Le
- Segal Cancer Center, Jewish General Hospital, Rossy Cancer Network, McGill University, 3755 Côte-St-Catherine, suite E670, Montreal, Québec Canada
| | - Caroline Lambert
- Segal Cancer Center, Jewish General Hospital, Rossy Cancer Network, McGill University, 3755 Côte-St-Catherine, suite E670, Montreal, Québec Canada
| | - Jida El-Hajjar
- Segal Cancer Center, Jewish General Hospital, Rossy Cancer Network, McGill University, 3755 Côte-St-Catherine, suite E670, Montreal, Québec Canada
| | - Léon C. van Kempen
- Department of Pathology, Molecular Pathology Center, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Alan Spatz
- Department of Pathology, Molecular Pathology Center, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Wilson H. Miller
- Segal Cancer Center, Jewish General Hospital, Rossy Cancer Network, McGill University, 3755 Côte-St-Catherine, suite E670, Montreal, Québec Canada
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Sharma V, Nandan A, Sharma AK, Singh H, Bharadwaj M, Sinha DN, Mehrotra R. Signature of genetic associations in oral cancer. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317725923. [DOI: 10.1177/1010428317725923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vishwas Sharma
- Department of Health Research, National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research (NICPR), Noida, India
| | - Amrita Nandan
- Society for Life Science and Human Health, Allahabad, India
| | - Amitesh Kumar Sharma
- Data Management Laboratory, National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research (NICPR), Noida, India
- Department of Bioinformatics, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Harpreet Singh
- Data Management Laboratory, National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research (NICPR), Noida, India
- Department of Bioinformatics, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Mausumi Bharadwaj
- Department of Health Research, National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research (NICPR), Noida, India
- Division of Molecular Genetics & Biochemistry
| | - Dhirendra Narain Sinha
- WHO FCTC Global Knowledge Hub on Smokeless Tobacco, National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research (NICPR), Noida, India
| | - Ravi Mehrotra
- Department of Health Research, National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research (NICPR), Noida, India
- Data Management Laboratory, National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research (NICPR), Noida, India
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Guo Y, Zang Y, Lv L, Cai F, Qian T, Zhang G, Feng Q. IL‑8 promotes proliferation and inhibition of apoptosis via STAT3/AKT/NF‑κB pathway in prostate cancer. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:9035-9042. [PMID: 29039490 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-8 (IL-8) possesses tumorigenic and proangiogenic properties, and is overexpressed in many human cancer types. However, only few studies have demonstrated the mechanisms of action of IL‑8 regarding the ability to promote proliferation and to inhibit apoptosis in prostate cancer. Here, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of IL‑8 on the prostate cancer cell line and determine possible mechanisms underlying its effect. In this study, IL‑8 was shown to be significantly upregulated in prostate cancer compared with paired normal control tissues. The data showed that IL‑8 exhibits direct oncogenicity, which significantly induced cell proliferation, invasion and attenuated apoptosis in prostate cancer cells via signal transducer and activator of transcription 3/protein kinase B/nuclear factor‑κB signaling pathways. In conclusion, modulation of IL‑8 expression or its associated signaling pathway may provide a novel working mechanism of IL‑8 in prostate cancer, and a promising strategy for controlling the progression and metastasis of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidi Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210000, P.R. China
| | - Ying Zang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210000, P.R. China
| | - Lianzheng Lv
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210000, P.R. China
| | - Feng Cai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210000, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Qian
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210000, P.R. China
| | - Guoying Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210000, P.R. China
| | - Quancheng Feng
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, P.R. China
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Alves AM, Diel LF, Lamers ML. Macrophages and prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review. J Oral Pathol Med 2017; 47:460-467. [PMID: 28940738 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) presents a tumor microenvironment rich in inflammatory cells. Depending on the stimulus, macrophages can polarize in M1 or M2 profile, where M1 acts as proinflammatory and antitumor, and M2 is anti-inflammatory and shows protumor activity. Several studies have shown that macrophages are important to the prognosis of patients with different types of cancer. Our aim was to conduct a systematic review to evaluate the role of macrophages in the prognosis of OSCC patients. A search in the Pubmed, Scopus, and ISI Web of Knowledge database was performed, and it was included only studies that evaluated the importance of macrophages in the prognosis of OSCC patients. From initial 286 articles, 14 fully attended the inclusion criteria. In the majority of the articles, it was evaluated only CD68, a panmacrophage marker, or CD163, a M2 marker. Only one article evaluated the M1 marker, CD11c. Besides, 5 articles analyzed the presence of macrophages in different areas of the tumor. Higher concentrations of CD68 and CD163 were associated with worse survival. In conclusion, macrophages are important to OSCC patients' prognosis; however, it is necessary to address in which tumor region the presence of polarized macrophage is more important to the outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Menna Alves
- School of Dentistry, University Center Univates, Lajeado, RS, Brazil.,School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo Lazzaron Lamers
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Department of Morphological Sciences, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Rivera C, Oliveira AK, Costa RAP, De Rossi T, Paes Leme AF. Prognostic biomarkers in oral squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review. Oral Oncol 2017; 72:38-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Effects of proton versus photon irradiation on (lymph)angiogenic, inflammatory, proliferative and anti-tumor immune responses in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oncogenesis 2017; 6:e354. [PMID: 28671677 PMCID: PMC5541708 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2017.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The proximity of organs at risk makes the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) challenging by standard radiotherapy. The higher precision in tumor targeting of proton (P) therapy could promote it as the treatment of choice for HNSCC. Besides the physical advantage in dose deposition, few is known about the biological impact of P versus photons (X) in this setting. To investigate the comparative biological effects of P versus X radiation in HNSCC cells, we assessed the relative biological effectiveness (RBE), viability, proliferation and mRNA levels for genes involved in (lymph)angiogenesis, inflammation, proliferation and anti-tumor immunity. These parameters, particularly VEGF-C protein levels and regulations, were documented in freshly irradiated and/or long-term surviving cells receiving low/high-dose, single (SI)/multiple (MI) irradiations with P/X. The RBE was found to be 1.1 Key (lymph)angiogenesis and inflammation genes were downregulated (except for vegf-c) after P and upregulated after X irradiation in MI surviving cells, demonstrating a more favorable profile after P irradiation. Both irradiation types stimulated vegf-c promoter activity in a NF-κB-dependent transcriptional regulation manner, but at a lesser extent after P, as compared to X irradiation, which correlated with mRNA and protein levels. The cells surviving to MI by P or X generated tumors with higher volume, anarchic architecture and increased density of blood vessels. Increased lymphangiogenesis and a transcriptomic analysis in favor of a more aggressive phenotype were observed in tumors generated with X-irradiated cells. Increased detection of lymphatic vessels in relapsed tumors from patients receiving X radiotherapy was consistent with these findings. This study provides new data about the biological advantage of P, as compared to X irradiation. In addition to its physical advantage in dose deposition, P irradiation may help to improve treatment approaches for HNSCC.
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Csősz É, Lábiscsák P, Kalló G, Márkus B, Emri M, Szabó A, Tar I, Tőzsér J, Kiss C, Márton I. Proteomics investigation of OSCC-specific salivary biomarkers in a Hungarian population highlights the importance of identification of population-tailored biomarkers. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177282. [PMID: 28545132 PMCID: PMC5436697 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) accounting for about 90% of malignant oral lesions is the 6th most common malignancy worldwide. Diagnostic delay may contribute to dismal survival rate therefore, there is a need for developing specific and sensitive biomarkers to improve early detection. Hungarian population occupies the top places of statistics regarding OSCC incidence and mortality figures therefore, we aimed at finding potential salivary protein biomarkers suitable for the Hungarian population. In this study we investigated 14 proteins which were previously reported as significantly elevated in saliva of patients with OSCC. In case of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α and VEGF a Luminex-based multiplex kit was utilized and the salivary concentrations were determined. In case of catalase, profilin-1, S100A9, CD59, galectin-3-bindig protein, CD44, thioredoxin and keratin-19, SRM-based targeted proteomic method was developed and the relative amount of the proteins was determined in the saliva of patients with OSCC and controls. After several rounds of optimization and using stable isotope-containing peptides, we developed an SRM-based method for rapid salivary protein detection. The validation of the selected potential biomarkers by ELISA revealed salivary protein S100A9 and IL-6 as useful protein biomarkers for OSCC detection improving the diagnostic accuracy for OSCC in the Hungarian population.A noninvasive diagnostic method to detect biomarkers useful for the early diagnosis of OSCC was developed. This can be an attractive strategy in screening saliva samples collected in a nation-wide multi-centric study in order to decrease morbidity, mortality, to enhance survival rate and to improve quality of life. The heterogeneity of protein biomarkers found in different ethnic groups presented in the literature highlights the importance of identification of population-tailored protein biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éva Csősz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 1. Egyetem ter, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Péter Lábiscsák
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 1. Egyetem ter, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gergő Kalló
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 1. Egyetem ter, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Bernadett Márkus
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 1. Egyetem ter, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Miklós Emri
- Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 1. Egyetem ter, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Adrienn Szabó
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, 1. Egyetem ter, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Tar
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, 1. Egyetem ter, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - József Tőzsér
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 1. Egyetem ter, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Csongor Kiss
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 1. Egyetem ter, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Márton
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, 1. Egyetem ter, Debrecen, Hungary
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Santos HBDP, Miguel MCDC, Pinto LP, Gordón-Núñez MA, Alves PM, Nonaka CFW. Multinucleated giant cell reaction in lower lip squamous cell carcinoma: a clinical, morphological, and immunohistochemical study. J Oral Pathol Med 2017; 46:773-779. [DOI: 10.1111/jop.12565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Leão Pereira Pinto
- Postgraduate Program in Oral Pathology; Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte; Natal RN Brazil
| | | | - Pollianna Muniz Alves
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry; State University of Paraíba; Campina Grande PB Brazil
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Li X, Fan Q, Li J, Song J, Gu Y. MiR-124 down-regulation is critical for cancer associated fibroblasts-enhanced tumor growth of oral carcinoma. Exp Cell Res 2017; 351:100-108. [PMID: 28077301 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 01/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are known to be involved in initiation, progression and metastasis of various cancers. However, the molecular mechanism of how CAFs affects the biological function of oral cancer (OC) has not been fully-addressed. In this study, we demonstrated that miR-124 was downregulated in oral CAFs and oral cancer cells (OCCs) when compared with matched normal fibroblasts (NFs). Hypermethylation in the promoter region of miR-124 genes was accounted for its downregulation. Interestingly, CAFs but not NFs exerted promotion effect on OCCs cell proliferation, migration and tumor growth in CAFs/NFs-OCCs co-culture. Furthermore, we identified Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) and Interleukin 8 (IL-8) as two direct targets of miR-124. Over-expression of miR-124 in CAFs-OCCs co-culture abrogated CAFs-promoted OCCs cell growth and migration, and this inhibitory effect can be rescued by addition of CCL2 and IL-8. Finally, we showed that restoration of miR-124 expression by lentiviral infection or formulated miR-124 injection inhibited oral tumor growth in vivo suggesting miR-124 rescue could be a potential rationale for therapeutic applications in oral cancer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Li
- Department of Stomatology, School of Stomatology and medicine, Foshan Stomatology Hospital, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, PR China.
| | - Qinqiao Fan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Cancer Center, Chenzhou No.1 People's Hospital, Chenzhou 423000, PR China
| | - Jinyun Li
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Center South University, Changsha 410013, PR China
| | - Jing Song
- Department of Stomatology, School of Stomatology and medicine, Foshan Stomatology Hospital, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, PR China
| | - Yangcong Gu
- Department of Stomatology, School of Stomatology and medicine, Foshan Stomatology Hospital, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, PR China
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Li W, Lin S, Li W, Wang W, Li X, Xu D. IL-8 interacts with metadherin promoting proliferation and migration in gastric cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 478:1330-7. [PMID: 27565732 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.08.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
It has been reported that IL-8 was involved in the promotion of invasion of Gastric Cancer (GC), however the underlying mechanism by which IL-8 was observed to be able to promote invasion remains unknown. Here, in our study, IL-8 was shown to be significantly up-regulated in GC compared with paired normal control tissues whose expression was markedly associated with inferior overall prognosis; and IL-8 was displayed to be capable of directly interacting with metadherin (MTDH), which in turn can up-regulate IL-8 expression. Blockage of IL-8/MTDH using specific mono-antibody can abolish the invasion IL-8 mediated. Taken together, our results may provide a novel explanation of working mechanism of IL-8 in the invasion of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Li
- The Department of Gastrointestinal and Anus Surgery, The Affiliated Longyan First Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, 364000, Fujian Province, PR China
| | - Shuangming Lin
- The Department of Gastrointestinal and Anus Surgery, The Affiliated Longyan First Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, 364000, Fujian Province, PR China
| | - Wenhuan Li
- The Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, PR China
| | - Weijun Wang
- The Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, PR China
| | - Xueming Li
- The Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, PR China.
| | - Dongbo Xu
- The Department of Gastrointestinal and Anus Surgery, The Affiliated Longyan First Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, 364000, Fujian Province, PR China.
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Panda S, Padhiary SK, Routray S. Chemokines accentuating protumoral activities in oral cancer microenvironment possess an imperious stratagem for therapeutic resolutions. Oral Oncol 2016; 60:8-17. [PMID: 27531867 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2016.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines, the chemotactic cytokines have established their role in tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Studies, which explored their role in oral cancer for protumoral activity, point towards targeting chemokines for oral squamous cell carcinoma therapy. The need of the hour is to emphasize/divulge in the activities of chemokine ligands and their receptors in the tumor microenvironment for augmentation of such stratagems. This progressing sentience of chemokines and their receptors has inspired this review which is an endeavour to comprehend their role as an aid in accentuating hallmarks of cancer and targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swagatika Panda
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Institute of Dental Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar 751030, India.
| | - Subrat Kumar Padhiary
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Dental Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar 751030, India.
| | - Samapika Routray
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Institute of Dental Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar 751030, India.
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48
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Standardized pretreatment inflammatory laboratory markers and calculated ratios in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2016; 273:3371-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s00405-016-3950-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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49
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Ball MS, Shipman EP, Kim H, Liby KT, Pioli PA. CDDO-Me Redirects Activation of Breast Tumor Associated Macrophages. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149600. [PMID: 26918785 PMCID: PMC4769014 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages can account for up to 50% of the tumor mass in breast cancer patients and high TAM density is associated with poor clinical prognosis. Because TAMs enhance tumor growth, development, and metastatic potential, redirection of TAM activation may have significant therapeutic benefit. Our studies in primary human macrophages and murine breast TAMs suggest that the synthetic oleanane triterpenoid CDDO-methyl ester (CDDO-Me) reprograms the activation profile of TAMs from tumor-promoting to tumor-inhibiting. We show that CDDO-Me treatment inhibits expression of IL-10 and VEGF in stimulated human M2 macrophages and TAMs but increases expression of TNF-α and IL-6. Surface expression of CD206 and CD163, which are characteristic of M2 activation, is significantly attenuated by CDDO-Me. In contrast, CDDO-Me up-regulates surface expression of HLA-DR and CD80, which are markers of M1 activation, and importantly potentiates macrophage activation of autologous T cells but inhibits endothelial cell vascularization. These results show for the first time that CDDO-Me redirects activation of M2 macrophages and TAMs from immune-suppressive to immune-stimulatory, and implicate a role for CDDO-Me as an immunotherapeutic in the treatment of breast and potentially other types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S. Ball
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Emilie P. Shipman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Hyunjung Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Karen T. Liby
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Patricia A. Pioli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, New Hampshire, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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50
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Johnson JJ, Miller DL, Jiang R, Liu Y, Shi Z, Tarwater L, Williams R, Balsara R, Sauter ER, Stack MS. Protease-activated Receptor-2 (PAR-2)-mediated Nf-κB Activation Suppresses Inflammation-associated Tumor Suppressor MicroRNAs in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:6936-45. [PMID: 26839311 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.692640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer is the sixth most common cause of death from cancer with an estimated 400,000 deaths worldwide and a low (50%) 5-year survival rate. The most common form of oral cancer is oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). OSCC is highly inflammatory and invasive, and the degree of inflammation correlates with tumor aggressiveness. The G protein-coupled receptor protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) plays a key role in inflammation. PAR-2 is activated via proteolytic cleavage by trypsin-like serine proteases, including kallikrein-5 (KLK5), or by treatment with activating peptides. PAR-2 activation induces G protein-α-mediated signaling, mobilizing intracellular calcium and Nf-κB signaling, leading to the increased expression of pro-inflammatory mRNAs. Little is known, however, about PAR-2 regulation of inflammation-related microRNAs. Here, we assess PAR-2 expression and function in OSCC cell lines and tissues. Stimulation of PAR-2 activates Nf-κB signaling, resulting in RelA nuclear translocation and enhanced expression of pro-inflammatory mRNAs. Concomitantly, suppression of the anti-inflammatory tumor suppressor microRNAs let-7d, miR-23b, and miR-200c was observed following PAR-2 stimulation. Analysis of orthotopic oral tumors generated by cells with reduced KLK5 expression showed smaller, less aggressive lesions with reduced inflammatory infiltrate relative to tumors generated by KLK5-expressing control cells. Together, these data support a model wherein KLK5-mediated PAR-2 activation regulates the expression of inflammation-associated mRNAs and microRNAs, thereby modulating progression of oral tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff J Johnson
- From the Harper Cancer Research Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana 46617
| | - Daniel L Miller
- the Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri 65212
| | - Rong Jiang
- the Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 75440
| | - Yueying Liu
- From the Harper Cancer Research Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana 46617
| | - Zonggao Shi
- From the Harper Cancer Research Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana 46617
| | | | - Russell Williams
- the Department of Biology, Indiana University South Bend, South Bend, Indiana 46634
| | - Rashna Balsara
- the W. M. Keck Center for Transgene Research, South Bend, Indiana 46617, and
| | - Edward R Sauter
- the Department of Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, Tyler, Texas 75799
| | - M Sharon Stack
- From the Harper Cancer Research Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana 46617,
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