1
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Meng JH, Huang YB, Long J, Cai QC, Qiao X, Zhang QL, Zhang LD, Yan X, Jing R, Liu XS, Zhou SJ, Yuan YS, Yin-Chen Ma, Zhou LX, Peng NN, Li XC, Cai CH, Tang HM, Martins AF, Jiang JX, Kai-Jun Luo. Innexin hemichannel activation by Microplitis bicoloratus ecSOD monopolymer reduces ROS. iScience 2024; 27:109469. [PMID: 38577101 PMCID: PMC10993139 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The extracellular superoxide dismutases (ecSODs) secreted by Microplitis bicoloratus reduce the reactive oxygen species (ROS) stimulated by the Microplitis bicoloratus bracovirus. Here, we demonstrate that the bacterial transferase hexapeptide (hexapep) motif and bacterial-immunoglobulin-like (BIg-like) domain of ecSODs bind to the cell membrane and transiently open hemichannels, facilitating ROS reductions. RNAi-mediated ecSOD silencing in vivo elevated ROS in host hemocytes, impairing parasitoid larva development. In vitro, the ecSOD-monopolymer needed to be membrane bound to open hemichannels. Furthermore, the hexapep motif in the beta-sandwich of ecSOD49 and ecSOD58, and BIg-like domain in the signal peptides of ecSOD67 were required for cell membrane binding. Hexapep motif and BIg-like domain deletions induced ecSODs loss of adhesion and ROS reduction failure. The hexapep motif and BIg-like domain mediated ecSOD binding via upregulating innexins and stabilizing the opened hemichannels. Our findings reveal a mechanism through which ecSOD reduces ROS, which may aid in developing anti-redox therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Hui Meng
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Virology & Immunology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Biao Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Virology & Immunology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Jin Long
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Virology & Immunology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Qiu-Chen Cai
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Xin Qiao
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Virology & Immunology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Qiong-Li Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Virology & Immunology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Li-Dan Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Xiang Yan
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Virology & Immunology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Rui Jing
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Virology & Immunology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Xing-Shan Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Virology & Immunology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Sai-Jun Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Virology & Immunology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Sheng Yuan
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Virology & Immunology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Yin-Chen Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Virology & Immunology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Li-Xiang Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Virology & Immunology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Nan-Nan Peng
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Virology & Immunology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Xing-Cheng Li
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Virology & Immunology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Cheng-Hui Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Virology & Immunology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Mei Tang
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Virology & Immunology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - André F. Martins
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jean X. Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Kai-Jun Luo
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Virology & Immunology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
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2
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Li XC, Ma YC, Long J, Yan X, Peng NN, Cai CH, Zhong WF, Huang YB, Qiao X, Zhou LX, Cai QC, Cheng CX, Zhou GF, Han YF, Liu HY, Zhang Q, Tang HM, Meng JH, Luo KJ. Simulating immunosuppressive mechanism of Microplitis bicoloratus bracovirus coordinately fights Spodoptera frugiperda. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1289477. [PMID: 38146373 PMCID: PMC10749342 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1289477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Parasitoid wasps control pests via a precise attack leading to the death of the pest. However, parasitoid larvae exhibit self-protection strategies against bracovirus-induced reactive oxygen species impairment. This has a detrimental effect on pest control. Here, we report a strategy for simulating Microplitis bicoloratus bracovirus using Mix-T dsRNA targeting 14 genes associated with transcription, translation, cell-cell communication, and humoral signaling pathways in the host, and from wasp extracellular superoxide dismutases. We implemented either one-time feeding to the younger instar larvae or spraying once on the corn leaves, to effectively control the invading pest Spodoptera frugiperda. This highlights the conserved principle of "biological pest control," as elucidated by the triple interaction of parasitoid-bracovirus-host in a cooperation strategy of bracovirus against its pest host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Cheng Li
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Virology & Immunology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Yin-Chen Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Virology & Immunology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Jin Long
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Virology & Immunology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiang Yan
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Virology & Immunology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Nan-Nan Peng
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Virology & Immunology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Cheng-Hui Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Virology & Immunology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Wen-Feng Zhong
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Virology & Immunology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Yong-Biao Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Virology & Immunology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Xin Qiao
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Virology & Immunology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Li-Xiang Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Virology & Immunology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Qiu-Chen Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Virology & Immunology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Chang-Xu Cheng
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Virology & Immunology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Gui-Fang Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Virology & Immunology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Yun-Feng Han
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Virology & Immunology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Hong-Yu Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Virology & Immunology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Virology & Immunology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Hong-Mei Tang
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Virology & Immunology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Jiang-Hui Meng
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Virology & Immunology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Kai-Jun Luo
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Virology & Immunology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
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3
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Yu D, Zhang P, Xu C, Hu Y, Liang Y, Li M. Microplitis bicoloratus Bracovirus Promotes Cyclophilin D-Acetylation at Lysine 125 That Correlates with Apoptosis during Insect Immunosuppression. Viruses 2023; 15:1491. [PMID: 37515179 PMCID: PMC10383377 DOI: 10.3390/v15071491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclophilin D (CypD) is regulated during the innate immune response of insects. However, the mechanism by which CypD is activated under innate immunosuppression is not understood. Microplitis bicoloratus bracovirus (MbBV), a symbiotic virus in the parasitoid wasp, Microplitis bicoloratus, suppresses innate immunity in parasitized Spodoptera litura. Here, we demonstrate that MbBV promotes the CypD acetylation of S. litura, resulting in an immunosuppressive phenotype characterized by increased apoptosis of hemocytes and MbBV-infected cells. Under MbBV infection, the inhibition of CypD acetylation significantly rescued the apoptotic cells induced by MbBV, and the point-mutant fusion proteins of CypDK125R-V5 were deacetylated. The CypD-V5 fusion proteins were acetylated in MbBV-infected cells. Deacetylation of CypDK125R-V5 can also suppress the MbBV-induced increase in apoptosis. These results indicate that CypD is involved in the MbBV-suppressed innate immune response via the CypD-acetylation pathway and S. litura CypD is acetylated on K125.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yu
- Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Virology & Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
- Yunnan Provincial Medical Investment Management Group Co., Ltd., Kunming 650500, China
| | - Pan Zhang
- Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Virology & Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Cuixian Xu
- Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Virology & Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
- School of Health, Yunnan Technology and Business University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yan Hu
- Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Virology & Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yaping Liang
- Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Virology & Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Ming Li
- Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Virology & Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
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4
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Zhang P, Liu ZY, Yu D, Xu CX, Hu Y, Liang YP, Jin J, Li M. Microplitis bicoloratus parasitism promotes cyclophilin D-p53 interaction to induce apoptosis of hemocytes in Spodoptera litura. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 112:e21970. [PMID: 36200410 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Microplitis bicoloratus parasitism can induce apoptosis of hemocytes in the M. bicolortus host, Spodoptera litura. However, it is unclear how M. bicolortus parasitism regulates host signaling pathways to induce apoptosis. Expression of cyclophilin D (CypD) and p53 was significantly upregulated in S. litura hemocytes at 6 days postparasitization. In the parasitized hemocytes, there was mitochondrial membrane potential (△Ψm ) loss, cytochrome c (Cyt C) release from mitochondria, and caspase-3 activation. These occurred while hemocytes were undergoing upregulation of CypD and p53. Parasitism also promoted the interaction between CypD and p53. CypD silencing could rescue the apoptotic phenotypes induced by parasitism, but had no effect on apoptosis in unparasitized S. litura. These findings suggest that the CypD-p53 pathway may be an important component of the parasitism-induced immunosuppressive response and establish a basis for further studies of parasitoid/host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Zi-Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Center of Molecular Biology of Tropical Crops, Yunnan Institute of Tropical Crops, Jinghong, China
| | - Dan Yu
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Cui-Xian Xu
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- School of Health, Yunnan Technology and Business University, Kunming, China
| | - Yan Hu
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Ya-Ping Liang
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Jie Jin
- School of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University of Finance and Economics, Kunming, China
| | - Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
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5
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Zhou GF, Chen CX, Cai QC, Yan X, Peng NN, Li XC, Cui JH, Han YF, Zhang Q, Meng JH, Tang HM, Cai CH, Long J, Luo KJ. Bracovirus Sneaks Into Apoptotic Bodies Transmitting Immunosuppressive Signaling Driven by Integration-Mediated eIF5A Hypusination. Front Immunol 2022; 13:901593. [PMID: 35664011 PMCID: PMC9156803 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.901593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
A typical characteristics of polydnavirus (PDV) infection is a persistent immunosuppression, governed by the viral integration and expression of virulence genes. Recently, activation of caspase-3 by Microplitis bicoloratus bracovirus (MbBV) to cleave Innexins, gap junction proteins, has been highlighted, further promoting apoptotic cell disassembly and apoptotic body (AB) formation. However, whether ABs play a role in immune suppression remains to be determined. Herein, we show that ABs transmitted immunosuppressive signaling, causing recipient cells to undergo apoptosis and dismigration. Furthermore, the insertion of viral–host integrated motif sites damaged the host genome, stimulating eIF5A nucleocytoplasmic transport and activating the eIF5A-hypusination translation pathway. This pathway specifically translates apoptosis-related host proteins, such as P53, CypA, CypD, and CypJ, to drive cellular apoptosis owing to broken dsDNA. Furthermore, translated viral proteins, such Vank86, 92, and 101, known to complex with transcription factor Dip3, positively regulated DHYS and DOHH transcription maintaining the activation of the eIF5A-hypusination. Mechanistically, MbBV-mediated extracellular vesicles contained inserted viral fragments that re-integrated into recipients, potentially via the homologous recombinant repair system. Meanwhile, this stimulation regulated activated caspase-3 levels via PI3K/AKT 308 and 473 dephosphorylation to promote apoptosis of granulocyte-like recipients Sf9 cell; maintaining PI3K/AKT 473 phosphorylation and 308 dephosphorylation inhibited caspase-3 activation leading to dismigration of plasmatocyte-like recipient High Five cells. Together, our results suggest that integration-mediated eIF5A hypusination drives extracellular vesicles for continuous immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Fang Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.,Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Chang-Xu Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.,Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Qiu-Chen Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.,Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiang Yan
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.,Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Nan-Nan Peng
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.,Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Xing-Cheng Li
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.,Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Ji-Hui Cui
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.,Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Yun-Feng Han
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.,Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.,Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Jiang-Hui Meng
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.,Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Hong-Mei Tang
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.,Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Chen-Hui Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.,Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Jin Long
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.,Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Kai-Jun Luo
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.,Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
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6
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Hu Y, Liang Y, Tian H, Xu C, Yu D, Zhang P, Ye H, Li M. Microplitis bicoloratus bracovirus regulates cyclophilin A-apoptosis-inducing factor interaction to induce cell apoptosis in the insect immunosuppressive process. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 110:e21877. [PMID: 35218062 PMCID: PMC9285338 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Microplitis bicoloratus bracovirus (MbBV) induces apoptosis in hemocytes of the host (Spodoptera litura) via the cyclophilin A (CypA)-mediated signaling pathway. However, the mechanisms underlying CypA-mediated signaling during apoptosis remain largely unknown. Therefore, in this study, we investigated how CypA and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) interact during MbBV-mediated apoptosis. Our findings showed that MbBV induces apoptosis through the CypA-AIF axis of insect immune suppression. In MbBV-infected Spli221 cells, both the expression of the cypa gene and the release of AIF from the mitochondria increased the number of apoptotic cells. CypA and AIF underwent concurrent cytoplasm-nuclear translocation. Conversely, blocking of AIF release from mitochondria not only inhibited the CypA-AIF interaction but also inhibited the cytoplasmic-nuclear translocation of AIF and CypA. Importantly, the survival of the apoptotic phenotype was significantly rescued in MbBV-infected Spli221 cells. In addition, we found that the cyclosporine A-mediated inhibition of CypA did not prevent the formation of the CypA and AIF complex; rather, this only suppressed genomic DNA fragmentation. In vitro experiments revealed direct molecular interactions between recombinant CypA and AIF. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the CypA-AIF interaction plays an important role in MbBV-induced innate immune suppression. This study will help to clarify aspects of insect immunological mechanisms and will be relevant to biological pest control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Hu
- School of Life SciencesYunnan UniversityKunmingChina
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and RegulationsYunnan UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Ya‐Ping Liang
- School of Life SciencesYunnan UniversityKunmingChina
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and RegulationsYunnan UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Hang‐Yu Tian
- School of Life SciencesYunnan UniversityKunmingChina
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and RegulationsYunnan UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Cui‐Xian Xu
- School of Life SciencesYunnan UniversityKunmingChina
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and RegulationsYunnan UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Dan Yu
- School of Life SciencesYunnan UniversityKunmingChina
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and RegulationsYunnan UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Pan Zhang
- School of Life SciencesYunnan UniversityKunmingChina
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and RegulationsYunnan UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Hui Ye
- School of Life SciencesYunnan UniversityKunmingChina
- School of AgricultureYunnan UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Ming Li
- School of Life SciencesYunnan UniversityKunmingChina
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and RegulationsYunnan UniversityKunmingChina
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7
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Wang ZH, Zhou YN, Ye XQ, Wu XT, Yang P, Shi M, Huang JH, Chen XX. CLP gene family, a new gene family of Cotesia vestalis bracovirus inhibits melanization of Plutella xylostella hemolymph. INSECT SCIENCE 2021; 28:1567-1581. [PMID: 33155403 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Polydnaviruses (PDVs) are obligatory symbionts of parasitoid wasps and play an important role in suppressing host immune defenses. Although PDV genes that inhibit host melanization are known in Microplitis bracovirus, the functional homologs in Cotesia bracoviruses remain unknown. Here, we find that Cotesia vestalis bracovirus (CvBV) can inhibit hemolymph melanization of its host, Plutella xylostella larvae, during the early stages of parasitization, and that overexpression of highly expressed CvBV genes reduced host phenoloxidase activity. Furthermore, CvBV-7-1 in particular reduced host phenoloxidase activity within 12 h, and the injection of anti-CvBV-7-1 antibody increased the melanization of parasitized host larvae. Further analyses showed that CvBV-7-1 and three homologs from other Cotesia bracoviruses possessed a C-terminal leucine/isoleucine-rich region and had a similar function in inhibiting melanization. Therefore, a new family of bracovirus genes was proposed and named as C-terminal Leucine/isoleucine-rich Protein (CLP). Ectopic expression of CvBV-7-1 in Drosophila hemocytes increased susceptibility to bacterial repression of melanization and reduced the melanotic encapsulation of parasitized D. melanogaster by the parasitoid Leptopilina boulardi. The formation rate of wasp pupae and the eclosion rate of C. vestalis were affected when the function of CvBV-7-1 was blocked. Our findings suggest that CLP genes from Cotesia bracoviruses encoded proteins that contain a C-terminal leucine/isoleucine-rich region and function as melanization inhibitors during the early stage of parasitization, which is important for successful parasitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Hua Wang
- Institute of Insect Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yue-Nan Zhou
- Institute of Insect Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xi-Qian Ye
- Institute of Insect Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Tong Wu
- Institute of Insect Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pei Yang
- Institute of Insect Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Shi
- Institute of Insect Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Hua Huang
- Institute of Insect Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xue-Xin Chen
- Institute of Insect Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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8
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Sun J, Mao S, Ji W. LncRNA H19 activates cell pyroptosis via the miR-22-3p/NLRP3 axis in pneumonia. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:11384-11398. [PMID: 34786066 PMCID: PMC8581885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pneumonia is an infectious pulmonary disease with a high morbidity and mortality. It has been reported that multiple long noncoding RNAs (LncRNAs) are involved in the progression of pneumonia, such as LncRNA SNHG16. However, the role and underlying mechanism of LncRNA H19 in the pyroptosis of pneumonia has not been elucidated. The purpose of this research was to explore the mechanism by which LncRNA H19 regulates LPS-induced pneumonia in WI-38 cells. METHODS An LPS induced pneumonia model in WI-38 cells was established. Total RNA extracted from WI-38 cells was analyzed using RT-qPCR, and the total proteins isolated from the WI-38 cells were analyzed using Western blotting. MTT assays, TUNEL staining, bioinformatics, and luciferase reporter assays were subsequently conducted. RESULTS In the LPS induced pneumonia model, LncRNA H19 silences inhibited LPS-induced WL-38 cell pyroptosis, and LncRNA H19 overexpression promotes LPS-induced WL-38 cell pyroptosis. Also, LncRNA H19 acts as a sponge of miR-22-3p, which targets NLRP3, and NLRP3 attenuates the effect of LncRNA H19 silencing on LPS-induced WL-38 cell pyroptosis. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrated the roles and potential mechanisms of LncRNA H19 in the regulation of pneumonia cell pyroptosis, indicating that LncRNA H19 is an efficient predictive and curative target for pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyang Sun
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Children’s Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215003, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shun Mao
- Department of Pneumology, The Fifth People’s Hospital of ChangshuChangshu 215500, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wei Ji
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Children’s Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215003, Jiangsu Province, China
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9
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Torson AS, Dong YW, Sinclair BJ. Help, there are ‘omics’ in my comparative physiology! J Exp Biol 2020; 223:223/24/jeb191262. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.191262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
‘Omics’ methods, such as transcriptomics, proteomics, lipidomics or metabolomics, yield simultaneous measurements of many related molecules in a sample. These approaches have opened new opportunities to generate and test hypotheses about the mechanisms underlying biochemical and physiological phenotypes. In this Commentary, we discuss general approaches and considerations for successfully integrating omics into comparative physiology. The choice of omics approach will be guided by the availability of existing resources and the time scale of the process being studied. We discuss the use of whole-organism extracts (common in omics experiments on small invertebrates) because such an approach may mask underlying physiological mechanisms, and we consider the advantages and disadvantages of pooling samples within biological replicates. These methods can bring analytical challenges, so we describe the most easily analyzed omics experimental designs. We address the propensity of omics studies to digress into ‘fishing expeditions’ and show how omics can be used within the hypothetico-deductive framework. With this Commentary, we hope to provide a roadmap that will help newcomers approach omics in comparative physiology while avoiding some of the potential pitfalls, which include ambiguous experiments, long lists of candidate molecules and vague conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex S. Torson
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Yun-wei Dong
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Brent J. Sinclair
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
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10
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Hasegawa DK, Zhang P, Turnbull MW. Intracellular dynamics of polydnavirus innexin homologues. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 29:477-489. [PMID: 32683761 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Polydnaviruses associated with ichneumonid parasitoid wasps (Ichnoviruses) encode large numbers of genes, often in multigene families. The Ichnovirus Vinnexin gene family, which is expressed in parasitized lepidopteran larvae, encodes homologues of Innexins, the structural components of insect gap junctions. Here, we have examined intracellular behaviours of the Campoletis sonorensis Ichnovirus (CsIV) Vinnexins, alone and in combination with a host Innexin orthologue, Innexin2 (Inx2). QRT-PCR verified that transcription of CsIV vinnexins occurs contemporaneously with inx2, implying co-occurrence of Vinnexin and Inx2 proteins. Confocal microscopy demonstrated that epitope-tagged VinnexinG (VnxG) and VinnexinQ2 (VnxQ2) exhibit similar subcellular localization as Spodoptera frugiperda Inx2 (Sf-Inx2). Surface biotinylation assays verified that all three proteins localize to the cell surface, and cytochalasin B and nocodazole that they rely on actin and microtubule cytoskeletal networks for localization. Immunomicroscopy following co-transfection of constructs indicates extensive co-localization of Vinnexins with each other and Sf-Inx2, and live-cell imaging of mCherry-labelled Inx2 supports that Vinnexins may affect Sf-Inx2 distribution in a Vinnexin-specific fashion. Our findings support that the Vinnexins may disrupt host cell physiology in a protein-specific manner through altering gap junctional intercellular channel communication, as well as indirectly by affecting multicellular junction characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Hasegawa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
- USDA-ARS, Crop Improvement and Protection Research Unit, Salinas, CA, USA
| | - P Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - M W Turnbull
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
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11
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Zhang ZS, Gu Y, Liu BG, Tang H, Hua Y, Wang J. Oncogenic role of Tc17 cells in cervical cancer development. World J Clin Cases 2020; 8:11-19. [PMID: 31970165 PMCID: PMC6962079 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v8.i1.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As one of the subsets of CD8+ T cells, Tc17 cells have recently been identified and are characterized by the secretion of interleukin (IL)-17, which is related to inflammatory diseases.
AIM To assess the status of Tc17 cells in cervical cancer and investigate the biological function of Tc17 cells in cervical cancer development.
METHODS Flow cytometry assay, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence were performed to detect the levels and phenotype of Tc17 cells in blood and tumor samples from patients with cervical cancer. Prior to cell suspension culture, ELISA was carried out to measure the production of IL-6, IL-1β, IL-23, CXCL12, and IL-17 in tumor tissue supernatant and co-cultured supernatant of patients with cervical cancer. In addition, multivariate analysis was performed to identify factors associated with overall survival using the Cox proportional hazards model.
RESULTS Compared with normal tissues, Tc17 cells specifically accumulated in tumor tissues of cervical cancer patients. Cancer cells produced a greater amount of IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-23, which in turn promoted Tc17 cell polarization. Unlike the traditional cytotoxic CD8+ T cells, Tc17 cells secreted IL-17, which subsequently promoted CXCL12 expression in tumor cells, eventually enhancing the proliferation and migration of tumor cells. Thus, the ratio of tumor-infiltrating Tc17 cells was highly correlated with poor clinical outcome in patients with cervical cancer.
CONCLUSION Our data identified the oncogenic role of Tc17 cells in the development of cervical cancer. We propose that the ratio of Tc17 cells may be a useful index in the prognosis of patients with cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zun-Sheng Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Seventh People’s Hospital, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Ying Gu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Seventh People’s Hospital, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Bing-Gang Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Seventh People’s Hospital, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Hong Tang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Seventh People’s Hospital, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Yu Hua
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Seventh People’s Hospital, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Seventh People’s Hospital, Shanghai 200120, China
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12
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Tian HY, Hu Y, Zhang P, Xing WX, Xu C, Yu D, Yang Y, Luo K, Li M. Spodoptera litura cyclophilin A is required for Microplitis bicoloratus bracovirus-induced apoptosis during insect cellular immune response. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 100:e21534. [PMID: 30623473 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Microplitis bicoloratus bracovirus (MbBV) is a polydnavirus found in the parasitic wasp M. bicoloratus. Although MbBV is a known inducer of apoptosis in host hemocytes, the mechanism by which this occurs remains elusive. In this study, we found that expression of cyclophilin A (CypA) was significantly upregulated in Spodoptera litura hemocytes at 6-day post-parasitization. Similar results were reported in High Five cells (Hi5 cells) infected by MbBV, suggesting that the upregulation of CypA is linked to MbBV infection in insect cells. cDNA encoding CypA was cloned from parasitized hemocytes of S. litura, and bioinformatic analyses showed that S. litura CypA belongs to the cyclophilin family of proteins. Overexpression of S. litura CypA in Hi5 cells revealed that the protein promotes MbBV-induced apoptosis in vitro. Conversely, suppression of the expression and activity of CypA protein significantly rescued the apoptotic phenotype observed in MbBV-infected Hi5 cells, suggesting that it plays a key role in this process. MbBV infection also promoted the cytoplasmic-nuclear translocation of CypA in Hi5 cells. Taken together, these results suggest that MbBV infection upregulates the expression of CypA, which is required for MbBV-mediated apoptosis. Our findings provide insight into the role that CypA plays in insect cellular immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang-Yu Tian
- Center for Life Science, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Hu
- Center for Life Science, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Pan Zhang
- Center for Life Science, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Xi Xing
- Center for Life Science, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuixian Xu
- Center for Life Science, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Yu
- Center for Life Science, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yang
- Center for Life Science, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaijun Luo
- Center for Life Science, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Li
- Center for Life Science, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
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13
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Güiza J, Barría I, Sáez JC, Vega JL. Innexins: Expression, Regulation, and Functions. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1414. [PMID: 30364195 PMCID: PMC6193117 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The innexin (Inx) proteins form gap junction channels and non-junctional channels (named hemichannels) in invertebrates. These channels participate in cellular communication playing a relevant role in several physiological processes. Pioneer studies conducted mainly in worms and flies have shown that innexins participate in embryo development and behavior. However, recent studies have elucidated new functions of innexins in Arthropoda, Nematoda, Annelida, and Cnidaria, such as immune response, and apoptosis. This review describes emerging data of possible new roles of innexins and summarizes the data available to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Güiza
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Experimental, Instituto Antofagasta, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Iván Barría
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Experimental, Instituto Antofagasta, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Juan C Sáez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Instituto de Neurociencias, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - José L Vega
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Experimental, Instituto Antofagasta, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
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14
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Zhang W, Liu MW, Li M, Xiao W, Zhang XW, He HJ, Chen YB, Ding L, Luo KJ. Unexpected link between insect innexins and apoptosis of HeLa cells. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 99:e21473. [PMID: 29862562 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about how mammalian cells respond to the expression of innexins (Inxs), which are known to mediate cell-to-cell communication that causes apoptosis in the cells of the insect Spodoptera litura. The mammalian expression system, p3xFLAG tag protein, containing the CMV promoter, allowed us to construct two C-terminally elongated innexins (Cte-Inxs), SpliInx2 (Inx2-FLAG), and SpliInx3 (Inx3-FLAG), which were predicted to have the same secondary topological structures as the native SpliInx2 and SpliInx3. Here, we found that only the mRNAs of the two Cte-Inxs were expressed under the control of the CMV promoter in HeLa cells. Unexpectedly, mRNA expression of the two Cte-Inxs enhanced apoptosis of HeLa cells. The two Cte-Inx mRNAs were associated with a significant decrease in Akt phosphorylation in HeLa cells undergoing apoptosis. Furthermore, Inx3-FLAG mRNA expression in nonapoptotic HCT116 cells was also associated with a significant decrease in the levels of phosphorylated Akt. Intriguingly, expression of the mRNAs of the two Cte-Inxs did not activate caspase 3, but it markedly reduced Bid levels in HeLa cells undergoing apoptosis. These results suggest that mRNA expression of the two Cte-Inxs may activate a Bid-dependent apoptotic pathway in HeLa cells. Our study demonstrates that invertebrate gap junction mRNAs can function in vertebrate cancer cells as tumor suppressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of High Education in Yunnan Province, Yunnan University, Kunming, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Diversity and Evolution of High Education in Yunnan Province, Yunnan University, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Meng-Wei Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of High Education in Yunnan Province, Yunnan University, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Ming Li
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of High Education in Yunnan Province, Yunnan University, Kunming, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Diversity and Evolution of High Education in Yunnan Province, Yunnan University, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Wei Xiao
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Wen Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of High Education in Yunnan Province, Yunnan University, Kunming, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Diversity and Evolution of High Education in Yunnan Province, Yunnan University, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Hao-Juan He
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of High Education in Yunnan Province, Yunnan University, Kunming, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Diversity and Evolution of High Education in Yunnan Province, Yunnan University, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Bin Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of High Education in Yunnan Province, Yunnan University, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Lei Ding
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of High Education in Yunnan Province, Yunnan University, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Kai-Jun Luo
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of High Education in Yunnan Province, Yunnan University, Kunming, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Diversity and Evolution of High Education in Yunnan Province, Yunnan University, Kunming, P.R. China
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15
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Yu H, Li ZQ, He L, Ou-Yang YY, Li N, Huang GH. Response analysis of host Spodoptera exigua larvae to infection by Heliothis virescens ascovirus 3h (HvAV-3h) via transcriptome. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5367. [PMID: 29599494 PMCID: PMC5876357 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23715-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Heliothis virescens ascovirus 3 h (HvAV-3h), a dsDNA insect virus, belonging to the family Ascoviridae, can infect caterpillars of several Noctuidae species by ovipositing parasitoid wasps. In order to provide a comprehensive overview of the interactive responses of host larvae after infection by the ascovirus, a transcriptome analysis of Spodoptera exigua to HvAV-3h was conducted from 6 to 168 hours post infection (hpi). Approximately 101.64 Gb of RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data obtained from infected and uninfected S. exigua larvae were used to perform a de novo transcriptome assembly, which generated approximately 62,258 S. exigua unigenes. Using differential gene expression analysis, it was determined that the majority of host transcripts were down-regulated beginning at 6 hpi and continuing throughout the infection period, although there was an increase in up-regulated unigene number during the 12 to 72 hpi stage. It is noteworthy that the most abundantly enriched pathways in KEGG annotation were Metabolism terms, indicating that the host larval metabolic mechanisms were highly influenced post HvAV-3h infection. In addition, the host cuticle protein encoding unigenes were highly down-regulated in most of the situations, suggesting that the host larval cuticle synthesis were inhibited by the viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Yu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, P. R. China.,College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Qi Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, P. R. China.,College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, P. R. China
| | - Lei He
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, P. R. China.,College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Yi Ou-Yang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, P. R. China.,College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, P. R. China
| | - Ni Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, P. R. China.,College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Hua Huang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, P. R. China. .,College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, P. R. China.
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Dong SM, Cui JH, Zhang W, Zhang XW, Kou TC, Cai QC, Xu S, You S, Yu DS, Ding L, Lai JH, Li M, Luo KJ. Inhibition of translation initiation factor eIF4A is required for apoptosis mediated by Microplitis bicoloratus bracovirus. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 96:e21423. [PMID: 28940716 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Apoptotic hemocytes induced by Microplitis bicoloratus parasitism have been reported, and M. bicoloratus bracovirus (MbBV) is known to be the apoptosis inducer. However, the mechanism how MbBV regulates apoptosis remains unclear. eIF4A, one of translation initiation factors, was found from a Spodoptera litura transcriptome, the expression of which in the parasitized hemocytes of S. litura was inhibited in RT-qPCR analysis. The western blot also illustrated eIF4A at 6-day post-parasitization was inhibited in hemocytes. For testing interaction of MbBV-eIF4A-apoptosis, a cDNA clone encoding 1,266 bp of eIF4A was obtained from S. litura hemocytes and sequenced. Then, a 48 kDa V5-fusion protein of the eIF4A was detected by using the anti-V5 antibody at 72-h post-transfection in the High Five cells, which is located in the cell cytoplasm. In vitro, overexpression of eIF4A rescued the apoptotic High Five cells induced by MbBV. Conversely, in vivo, loss of eIF4A proteins by dsRNA feeding increased apoptosis of hemocytes. Furthermore, RNAi and parasitism significantly increased apoptosis of hemocytes in S. litura. These findings suggested that MbBV inhibited the expression of eIF4A, which was required for apoptosis mediated by MbBV. This study will contribute to biological pest control and enhance our understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying polydnavirus-parasitoid-host interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Mei Dong
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Diversity and Evolution of High Education in Yunnan Province, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Hui Cui
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Diversity and Evolution of High Education in Yunnan Province, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Diversity and Evolution of High Education in Yunnan Province, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Wen Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Diversity and Evolution of High Education in Yunnan Province, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Tian-Chao Kou
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Diversity and Evolution of High Education in Yunnan Province, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Qiu-Chen Cai
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Diversity and Evolution of High Education in Yunnan Province, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Sha Xu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Diversity and Evolution of High Education in Yunnan Province, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Shan You
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Diversity and Evolution of High Education in Yunnan Province, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Shuai Yu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Diversity and Evolution of High Education in Yunnan Province, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Lei Ding
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Diversity and Evolution of High Education in Yunnan Province, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Hua Lai
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Diversity and Evolution of High Education in Yunnan Province, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Ming Li
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Diversity and Evolution of High Education in Yunnan Province, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Kai-Jun Luo
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Diversity and Evolution of High Education in Yunnan Province, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, P.R. China
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The multifunctional polydnavirus TnBVANK1 protein: impact on host apoptotic pathway. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11775. [PMID: 28924205 PMCID: PMC5603617 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11939-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxoneuron nigriceps (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) is an endophagous parasitoid of the larval stages of the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae). The bracovirus associated with this wasp (TnBV) is currently being studied. Several genes expressed in parasitised host larvae have been isolated and their possible roles partly elucidated. TnBVank1 encodes an ankyrin motif protein similar to insect and mammalian IκB, an inhibitor of the transcription nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). Here we show that, when TnBVank1 was stably expressed in polyclonal Drosophila S2 cells, apoptosis is induced. Furthermore, we observed the same effects in haemocytes of H. virescens larvae, after TnBVank1 in vivo transient transfection, and in haemocytes of parasitised larvae. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments showed that TnBVANK1 binds to ALG-2 interacting protein X (Alix/AIP1), an interactor of apoptosis-linked gene protein 2 (ALG-2). Using double-immunofluorescence labeling, we observed the potential colocalization of TnBVANK1 and Alix proteins in the cytoplasm of polyclonal S2 cells. When Alix was silenced by RNA interference, TnBVANK1 was no longer able to cause apoptosis in both S2 cells and H. virescens haemocytes. Collectively, these results indicate that TnBVANK1 induces apoptosis by interacting with Alix, suggesting a role of TnBVANK1 in the suppression of host immune response observed after parasitisation by T. nigriceps.
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Kou TC, Liu YT, Li M, Yang Y, Zhang W, Cui JH, Zhang XW, Dong SM, Xu S, You S, Yu DS, Pang ZY, Luo KJ. Identification of β-chain of F o F 1 -ATPase in apoptotic cell population induced by Microplitis bicoloratus bracovirus and its role in the development of Spodoptera litura. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 95:e21389. [PMID: 28557004 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Two physiological changes of Spodoptera litura parasitized by Microplitis bicoloratus are hemocyte-apoptosis and retarded immature development. β-Chain of Fo F1 -ATPase was found from a S. litura transcriptome. It belongs to a conserved P-loop NTPase superfamily, descending from a common ancestor of Lepidopteran clade. However, the characterization of β-chain of ATPase in apoptotic cells and its involvement in development remain unknown. Here, the ectopic expression and endogenous Fo F1 -ATPase β-chain occurred on S. litura cell membrane: in vivo, at the late stage of apoptotic hemocyte, endogenous Fo F1 -ATPase β-chain was stably expressed during M. bicoloratus larva development from 4 to 7 days post-parasitization; in vitro, at an early stage of pre-apoptotic Spli221 cells by infecting with M. bicoloratus bracovirus particles, the proteins were speedily recover expression. Furthermore, endogenous Fo F1 -ATPase β-chain was localized on the apoptotic cell membrane. RNA interference (RNAi) of Fo F1 -ATPase β-chain led to significantly decreased head capsule width. This suggested that Fo F1 -ATPase β-chain positively regulated the development of S. litura. The RNAi effect on the head capsule width was enhanced with parasitism. Our research found that Fo F1 -ATPase β-chain was expressed and localized on the cell membrane in the apoptotic cells, and involved in the development of S. litura.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Chao Kou
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, P.R. China and Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Diversity and Evolution of High Education in Yunnan Province, Yunnan University, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Yue-Tong Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, P.R. China and Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Diversity and Evolution of High Education in Yunnan Province, Yunnan University, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Ming Li
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, P.R. China and Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Diversity and Evolution of High Education in Yunnan Province, Yunnan University, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, P.R. China and Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Diversity and Evolution of High Education in Yunnan Province, Yunnan University, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, P.R. China and Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Diversity and Evolution of High Education in Yunnan Province, Yunnan University, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Hui Cui
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, P.R. China and Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Diversity and Evolution of High Education in Yunnan Province, Yunnan University, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Wen Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, P.R. China and Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Diversity and Evolution of High Education in Yunnan Province, Yunnan University, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Mei Dong
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, P.R. China and Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Diversity and Evolution of High Education in Yunnan Province, Yunnan University, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Sha Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, P.R. China and Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Diversity and Evolution of High Education in Yunnan Province, Yunnan University, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Shan You
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, P.R. China and Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Diversity and Evolution of High Education in Yunnan Province, Yunnan University, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Shuai Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, P.R. China and Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Diversity and Evolution of High Education in Yunnan Province, Yunnan University, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Zun-Yu Pang
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, P.R. China and Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Diversity and Evolution of High Education in Yunnan Province, Yunnan University, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Kai-Jun Luo
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, P.R. China and Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Diversity and Evolution of High Education in Yunnan Province, Yunnan University, Kunming, P.R. China
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19
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A polydnaviral genome of Microplitis bicoloratus bracovirus and molecular interactions between the host and virus involved in NF-κB signaling. Arch Virol 2016; 161:3095-124. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-016-2988-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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20
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Yin F, Sun P, Wang J, Gao Q. Transcriptome analysis of dormant tomonts of the marine fish ectoparasitic ciliate Cryptocaryon irritans under low temperature. Parasit Vectors 2016; 9:280. [PMID: 27177617 PMCID: PMC4867990 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1550-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cryptocaryon irritans, a species of obligatory ciliate ectoparasite, can infect various species of marine teleost fish. Cryptocaryon irritans that fall to the seabed or aquarium bottom in winter can form "dormant tomonts" and wake up when the temperature rises the next year. Abundant studies and analyses on the dormant tomonts were carried out at the transcriptome level, in order to investigate the molecular mechanism of C. irritans tomonts entering the dormant state under low-temperature conditions. METHODS The paired-end sequencing strategy was used to better assemble the entire transcriptome de novo. All clean sequencing reads from each of the three libraries (Group A: untreated blank control; Group B: treated for 24 h at 12 °C; and Group C: developed for 24 h at 25 °C) were respectively mapped back to the transcriptome assembly using the bioinformatics software. RESULTS In this study, 25,695,034, 21,944,467, and 28,722,875 paired-end clean reads were obtained respectively from the three cDNA libraries of the C. irritans tomont by Illumina paired-end sequencing technology. A total of 25,925 unique transcript fragments (unigenes) were assembled, with an average length of 839 bp. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were scrutinized; in Group B/A pairwise comparison, 343 genes presented differential expression, including 265 up-regulated genes and 78 down-regulated genes in Group B; in Group C/A pairwise comparison, there were 567 DEGs, including 548 up-regulated genes and 19 down-regulated genes in Group C; and in Group B/C pairwise comparison, 185 genes showed differential expression, including 145 up-regulated genes and 40 down-regulated genes in Group B. CONCLUSIONS This is the first transcriptomic analytical study of the C. irritans tomonts under low temperature. It can be concluded that most of the genes required for its cell survival under low temperature, or for cell entry into a deeper dormancy state were discovered, and that they might be considered as candidate genes to develop the diagnostic and control measures for cryptocaryoniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yin
- Key Laboratory of East China Sea and Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Room 316, Building 6, 300 Jungong Road, Shanghai, 200090, PR China.
| | - Peng Sun
- Key Laboratory of East China Sea and Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Room 316, Building 6, 300 Jungong Road, Shanghai, 200090, PR China
| | - Jiteng Wang
- Fisheries College of Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, 316022, PR China
| | - Quanxin Gao
- Key Laboratory of East China Sea and Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Room 316, Building 6, 300 Jungong Road, Shanghai, 200090, PR China
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Chen YB, Xiao W, Li M, Zhang Y, Yang Y, Hu JS, Luo KJ. N-TERMINALLY ELONGATED SpliInx2 AND SpliInx3 REDUCE BACULOVIRUS-TRIGGERED APOPTOSIS VIA HEMICHANNEL CLOSURE. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 92:24-37. [PMID: 27030553 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The hemichannel and gap junction channel are major portals for the release of factors responsible for the effects of apoptotic cells on the spread of apoptosis to neighboring cells and apoptotic corpse clearance, typically by phagocytes. The N-terminal cytoplasmic domain in the connexins, gap junction proteins in vertebrate, has been implicated in regulating channel closure. However, little is known about how the hemichannel close responds to apoptotic signaling transduction leading to the reduction of neighboring cellular apoptosis in an invertebrate. An insect Bac-to-Bac expression system, pFastBac(TM) HT A, allows us to construct an N-terminally elongated SpliInx2 (Nte-Inx2) and SpliInx3 (Nte-Inx3). Here, we demonstrated that recombinant baculovirus Bac-Nte-Inx2 (reBac-Net-Inx2) and Bac-Nte-Inx3 (reBac-Nte-Inx3) closed the endogenous hemichannel on the Sf9 cell surface. Importantly, primary baculovirus infections significantly caused early apoptosis, and this apoptosis was reduced by hemichannel-closed Sf9 cells at 24-h post-infection (PI). Although N-terminal-elongated residue led to the increase in the phosphorylated sites in both Nte-Inx2 and Nte-Inx3 and an additional transmembrane domain in Nte-Inx3, both the proteins localized on the cell surface, suggesting Nte-Inxs proteins could mediate hemichannel closure. Further supporting evidence showed that hemichannel closure was dependent on N-Inxs expressed by baculovirus polyhedrin promoter, which began to express at 18-24 h PI. These results identify an unconventional function of N-terminal-elongated innexins that could act as a plug to manipulate hemichannel closure and provide a mechanism connecting the effect of hemichannel closure directly to apoptotic signaling transduction from intracellular to extracellular compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Bin Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Diversity and Evolution of High Education in Yunnan Province, Yunnan University, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Wei Xiao
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Diversity and Evolution of High Education in Yunnan Province, Yunnan University, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Ming Li
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Diversity and Evolution of High Education in Yunnan Province, Yunnan University, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Diversity and Evolution of High Education in Yunnan Province, Yunnan University, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Diversity and Evolution of High Education in Yunnan Province, Yunnan University, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Sheng Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Diversity and Evolution of High Education in Yunnan Province, Yunnan University, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Kai-Jun Luo
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Diversity and Evolution of High Education in Yunnan Province, Yunnan University, Kunming, P. R. China
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Pang Z, Li M, Yu D, Yan Z, Liu X, Ji X, Yang Y, Hu J, Luo K. TWO INNEXINS OF Spodoptera litura INFLUENCES HEMICHANNEL AND GAP JUNCTION FUNCTIONS IN CELLULAR IMMUNE RESPONSES. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 90:43-57. [PMID: 25939810 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Insect cellular immune responses include encapsulation, nodule formation, and phagocytosis. Hemichannels and gap junctions are involved in these cellular actions. Innexins (Inxs: analogous to the vertebrate connexins) form hemichannels and gap junctions, but the molecular mechanisms underlying their biology is still unclear. In this article, we reported a steady-state level of Inxs (SpliInxs) in hemocytes of Spodoptera litura, which formed nonfunctional hemichannels on the cell surface to maintain normal metabolism. We also reported that two innnexins (SpliInx2 and SpliInx3) were expressed significantly higher in hemocytes compared to other tissues, suggesting that they play important roles in hemocytes. Amino acid analysis found that two cysteine residues in two extracellular loops provided the capability for SpliInx2 and SpliInx3 hemichannels to dock into gap junctions. Western blotting demonstrated that both extracellular and intracellular loops of SpliInx3 and the extracellular loops of SpliInx2 might undergo posttranslational modification during the formation of a steady-state hemichannel. During hemichannel formation, SpliInx2 presented as one isoform, while SpliInx3 presented as three isoforms. These results provide fundamental knowledge for further study of how steady-state levels of SpliInxs are dynamically adjusted to perform cellular immune responses under immune challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zunyu Pang
- School of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Diversity and Evolution of High Education in Yunnan Province, Yunnan University, Kunming, P. R., China
| | - Ming Li
- School of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Diversity and Evolution of High Education in Yunnan Province, Yunnan University, Kunming, P. R., China
| | - Dongshuai Yu
- School of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Diversity and Evolution of High Education in Yunnan Province, Yunnan University, Kunming, P. R., China
| | - Zhang Yan
- School of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Diversity and Evolution of High Education in Yunnan Province, Yunnan University, Kunming, P. R., China
| | - Xinyi Liu
- School of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Diversity and Evolution of High Education in Yunnan Province, Yunnan University, Kunming, P. R., China
| | - Xinglai Ji
- School of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Diversity and Evolution of High Education in Yunnan Province, Yunnan University, Kunming, P. R., China
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Diversity and Evolution of High Education in Yunnan Province, Yunnan University, Kunming, P. R., China
| | - Jiansheng Hu
- School of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Diversity and Evolution of High Education in Yunnan Province, Yunnan University, Kunming, P. R., China
| | - Kaijun Luo
- School of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Diversity and Evolution of High Education in Yunnan Province, Yunnan University, Kunming, P. R., China
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