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Fu Y, Qu Z, Wang Y, Sun P, Jiao N, Xu D. Biogeographical and biodiversity patterns of planktonic microeukaryotes along the tropical western to eastern Pacific Ocean transect revealed by metabarcoding. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0242423. [PMID: 38488393 PMCID: PMC10986530 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02424-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Microeukaryotic plankton (0.2-200 µm), which are morphologically and genetically highly diverse, play a crucial role in ocean productivity and carbon consumption. The Pacific Ocean (PO), one of the world's largest oligotrophic regions, remains largely unexplored in terms of the biogeography and biodiversity of microeukaryotes based on large-scale sampling. We investigated the horizontal distribution of microeukaryotes along a 16,000 km transect from the west to the east of the PO. The alpha diversity indices showed a distinct decreasing trend from west to east, which was highly correlated with water temperature. The microeukaryotic community, which was clustered into the western, central, and eastern PO groups, displayed a significant distance-decay relationship. Syndiniales, a lineage of parasitic dinoflagellates, was ubiquitously distributed along the transect and dominated the community in terms of both sequence and zero-radius operational taxonomic unit (ZOTU) proportions. The prevailing dominance of Syndiniales-affiliated ZOTUs and their close associations with dinoflagellates, diatoms, and radiolarians, as revealed by SparCC correlation analysis, suggested that parasitism may be an important trophic strategy in the surface waters of the PO. Geographical distance and temperature were the most important environmental factors that significantly correlated with community structure. Overall, our study sheds more light on the distribution pattern of both alpha and beta diversities of microeukaryotic communities and highlighted the importance of parasitisms by Syndiniales across the tropical PO.IMPORTANCEUnderstanding the biogeographical and biodiversity patterns of microeukaryotic communities is essential to comprehending their roles in biogeochemical cycling. In this study, planktonic microeukaryotes were collected along a west-to-east Pacific Ocean transect (ca. 16,000 km). Our study revealed that the alpha diversity indices were highly correlated with water temperature, and the microeukaryotic communities displayed a distinct geographical distance-driven pattern. The predominance of the parasitic dinoflagellate lineage Syndiniales and their close relationship with other microeukaryotic groups suggest that parasitism may be a crucial survival strategy for microeukaryotes in the surface waters of the Pacific Ocean. Our findings expand our understanding of the biodiversity and biogeographical pattern of microeukaryotes and highlight the significance of parasitic Syndiniales in the surface ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjun Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Carbon Sequestration, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhishuai Qu
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ping Sun
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Nianzhi Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Carbon Sequestration, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Dapeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Carbon Sequestration, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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2
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Zheng X, Cai R, Yao H, Zhuo X, He C, Zheng Q, Shi Q, Jiao N. Experimental Insight into the Enigmatic Persistence of Marine Refractory Dissolved Organic Matter. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:17420-17429. [PMID: 36347804 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c04136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
More than 90% of marine dissolved organic matter (DOM) is biologically recalcitrant. This recalcitrance has been attributed to intrinsically refractory molecules or to low concentrations of molecules, but their relative contributions are a long-standing debate. Characterizing the molecular composition of marine DOM and its bioavailability is critical for understanding this uncertainty. Here, using different sorbents, DOM was solid-phase extracted from coastal, epipelagic, and deep-sea water samples for molecular characterization and was subjected to a 180-day incubation. 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and ultra-high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHRMS) analyses revealed that all of the DOM extracts contained refractory carboxyl-rich alicyclic molecules, accompanied with minor bio-labile components, for example, carbohydrates. Furthermore, dissolved organic carbon concentration analysis showed that a considerable fraction of the extracted DOM (86-95%) amended in the three seawater samples resisted microbial decomposition throughout the 180-day heterotrophic incubation, even when concentrated threefold. UHRMS analysis revealed that DOM composition remained mostly invariant in the 180-day deep-sea incubations. These results underlined that the dilution and intrinsic recalcitrance hypotheses are not mutually exclusive in explaining the recalcitrance of oceanic DOM, and that the intrinsically refractory DOM likely has a relatively high contribution to the solid-phase extractable DOM in the ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxuan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Carbon Sequestration, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Ruanhong Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Carbon Sequestration, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Hongwei Yao
- Institute of Molecular Enzymology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiaocun Zhuo
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Chen He
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Qiang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Carbon Sequestration, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Quan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Nianzhi Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Carbon Sequestration, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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3
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Han M, Luo G, He J, Liang Y, Chen X, Liu G, Su Y, Ge F, Yu H, Zhao J, Hao Q, Shao H, Sung YY, Mok WJ, Wong LL, McMinn A, Wang M. Distributions and relationships of virio- and picoplankton in the epi-, meso- and bathypelagic zones of the Amundsen Sea, West Antarctica during the austral summer. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:941323. [PMID: 35966700 PMCID: PMC9363919 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.941323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Virioplankton and picoplankton are the most abundant marine biological entities on earth and mediate biogeochemical cycles in the Southern Ocean. However, understanding of their distribution and relationships with environmental factors is lacking. Here, we report on their distribution and relationships with environmental factors at 48 stations from 112.5° to 150°W and 67° to 75.5°S in the Amundsen Sea of West Antarctica. The epipelagic stations were grouped into four clusters based on the virio- and picoplankton composition and abundance. Clusters three and four, which were associated with the ice-edge blooms in the coastal and Amundsen Sea Polynya (ASP) areas, had high abundances of autotrophic picoeukaryotes; this resulted in subsequent high abundances of heterotrophic prokaryotes and viruses. Cluster two stations were in open oceanic areas, where the abundances of autotrophic and heterotrophic picoplankton were low. Cluster one stations were located between the areas of blooms and the oceanic areas, which had a low abundance of heterotrophic prokaryotes and picoeukaryotes and a high abundance of virioplankton. The abundance of viruses was significantly correlated with the abundances of autotrophic picoeukaryotes and Chl-a concentration in oceanic areas, although this reflected a time-lag with autotrophic picoeukaryote and heterotrophic prokaryotes abundances in ice-edge bloom areas. The upwelling of Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW) might have induced the high abundance of autotrophic picoeukaryotes in the epipelagic zone, and the sinking particulate organic carbon (POC) might have induced the high abundance of heterotrophic prokaryotes and virioplankton in the meso- and bathypelagic zones. This study shows that the summer distribution of virio- and picoplankton in the Amundsen Sea of West Antarctica was mainly controlled by upwelling of the CDW and the timing of ice-edge blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiaoxue Han
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Key Lab of Polar Oceanography and Global Ocean Change, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Guangfu Luo
- Antarctic Great Wall Ecology National Observation and Research Station, Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai, China
- MNR Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai, China
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianfeng He
- Antarctic Great Wall Ecology National Observation and Research Station, Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai, China
- MNR Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai, China
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jianfeng He,
| | - Yantao Liang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Key Lab of Polar Oceanography and Global Ocean Change, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- UMT-OUC Joint Centre for Marine Studies, Qingdao, China
- Yantao Liang,
| | - Xuechao Chen
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Key Lab of Polar Oceanography and Global Ocean Change, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Gang Liu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Key Lab of Polar Oceanography and Global Ocean Change, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yue Su
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Key Lab of Polar Oceanography and Global Ocean Change, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Fuyue Ge
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Key Lab of Polar Oceanography and Global Ocean Change, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Hao Yu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Key Lab of Polar Oceanography and Global Ocean Change, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Hao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongbing Shao
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Key Lab of Polar Oceanography and Global Ocean Change, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- UMT-OUC Joint Centre for Marine Studies, Qingdao, China
| | - Yeong Yik Sung
- UMT-OUC Joint Centre for Marine Studies, Qingdao, China
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, University of Malaysia Terengganu (UMT), Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Wen Jye Mok
- UMT-OUC Joint Centre for Marine Studies, Qingdao, China
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, University of Malaysia Terengganu (UMT), Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Li Lian Wong
- UMT-OUC Joint Centre for Marine Studies, Qingdao, China
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, University of Malaysia Terengganu (UMT), Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Andrew McMinn
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Key Lab of Polar Oceanography and Global Ocean Change, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Min Wang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Key Lab of Polar Oceanography and Global Ocean Change, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- UMT-OUC Joint Centre for Marine Studies, Qingdao, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Min Wang,
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Gu B, Wang Y, Xu J, Jiao N, Xu D. Water mass shapes the distribution patterns of planktonic ciliates (Alveolata, Ciliophora) in the subtropical Pearl River Estuary. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 167:112341. [PMID: 33865041 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ciliates comprise essential components of microzooplankton in diverse marine environments. However, the extent to which environmental variables shape the distribution of planktonic ciliates in complex estuarine systems remains unclear. Here, 52 samples were collected from the Pearl River Estuary, China to reveal the influence of environmental variables on planktonic ciliate communities. Distinct community compositions of ciliates were found in three identified water masses: Pearl River diluted water mass, South China Sea surface water mass, and South China Sea bottom water mass. Significant differences in abundance, biomass, cell size, and oral diameter structure of ciliates were also detected among the three water masses. The partial Mantel test showed that water mass (as represented by water temperature and salinity) surpassed other environmental variables to be the primary factor driving the dynamics of the ciliate community. This study revealed the controlling mechanisms of planktonic ciliate communities in a subtropical, hydrographically complex estuarine ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowei Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Carbon Sequestration, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Carbon Sequestration, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Nianzhi Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Carbon Sequestration, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Dapeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Carbon Sequestration, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
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5
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Lian J, Zheng X, Zhuo X, Chen YL, He C, Zheng Q, Lin TH, Sun J, Guo W, Shi Q, Jiao N, Cai R. Microbial transformation of distinct exogenous substrates into analogous composition of recalcitrant dissolved organic matter. Environ Microbiol 2021; 23:2389-2403. [PMID: 33559211 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Oceanic dissolved organic matter (DOM) comprises a complex molecular mixture which is typically refractory and homogenous in the deep layers of the ocean. Though the refractory nature of deep-sea DOM is increasingly attributed to microbial metabolism, it remains unexplored whether ubiquitous microbial metabolism of distinct carbon substrates could lead to similar molecular composition of refractory DOM. Here, we conducted microbial incubation experiments using four typically bioavailable substrates (L-alanine, trehalose, sediment DOM extract, and diatom lysate) to investigate how exogenous substrates are transformed by a natural microbial assemblage. The results showed that although each-substrate-amendment induced different changes in the initial microbial assemblage and the amended substrates were almost depleted after 90 days of dark incubation, the bacterial community compositions became similar in all incubations on day 90. Correspondingly, revealed by ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry, molecular composition of DOM in all incubations became compositionally consistent with recalcitrant DOM and similar toward that of DOM from the deep-sea. These results indicate that while the composition of natural microbial communities can shift with substrate exposures, long-term microbial transformation of distinct substrates can ultimately lead to a similar refractory DOM composition. These findings provide an explanation for the homogeneous and refractory features of deep-sea DOM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Lian
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China.,Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, Wageningen, WE, 6708, Netherlands
| | - Xiaoxuan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Xiaocun Zhuo
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, Beijing, 102249, China
| | - Yi-Lung Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Chen He
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, Beijing, 102249, China
| | - Qiang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Carbon Sequestration, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Ta-Hui Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Jia Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Carbon Sequestration, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Weidong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Quan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, Beijing, 102249, China
| | - Nianzhi Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Carbon Sequestration, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Ruanhong Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Carbon Sequestration, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
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6
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Autumn to spring microbial community in the northern Baltic Sea: temporal variability in bacterial, viral and nanoflagellate abundance during the cold-water season. Polar Biol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-020-02700-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AbstractMarine microbial communities undergo drastic changes during the seasonal cycle in high latitude seas. Despite the dominance of microbial biomass in the oceans, comprehensive studies on the seasonal changes of microbial plankton during the complete winter period are lacking. To study the seasonal variation in abundance of the microbial community, water samples were collected weekly in the Northern Baltic Sea from October to May. During ice cover from mid-January to April, samples from the sea ice and the underlying water were taken in addition to the water column samples. Abundances of bacteria, virus-like particles, nanoflagellates, and chlorophyll a concentrations were measured from sea ice, under-ice water, and the water column, and examined in relation to environmental conditions. All studied organisms had clear seasonal changes in abundance, and the sea-ice microbial community had an independent wintertime development compared to the water column. Bacteria were observed to have a key role in the biotic interactions in both ice and the water column, and the dormant period during the cold-water months (October–May) was limited to before ice formation. Our results provide the first insights into the temporal dynamics of bacteria and viruses during the whole cold-water season (October–May) in coastal high latitude seas, and demonstrate that changes in the environmental conditions are likely to affect bacterial dynamics and have implications on trophic interactions.
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Zhao Y, Zhao Y, Zheng S, Zhao L, Li X, Zhang W, Grégori G, Xiao T. Virioplankton distribution in the tropical western Pacific Ocean in the vicinity of a seamount. Microbiologyopen 2020; 9:1207-1224. [PMID: 32180355 PMCID: PMC7294315 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The shallow Caroline Seamount is located in the tropical western Pacific Ocean. Its summit is 57 m below the surface and penetrates the euphotic zone. Therefore, it is ideal for the study of the influence of seamount on plankton distribution. Here, virioplankton abundance and distribution were investigated by flow cytometry (FCM) in the Caroline Seamount in August and September 2017. The total abundance of virus‐like particles (VLP) was in the range of 0.64 × 106–18.77 × 106 particles/ml and the average was 5.37 ± 3.75 × 106 particles/ml. Three to four distinct viral subclusters with similar side scatter but different green fluorescence intensities were identified. Above the deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM), two medium fluorescence virus (MFV) subclusters were discriminated. Between the DCM and the deeper layers, only one MFV subcluster was resolved. In general, low fluorescence viruses (LFV) comprised the most abundant subclusters. In the 75–150 m water column, however, the MFV abundance was higher than the LFV abundance. High fluorescence viruses (HFV) constituted the least abundant subcluster throughout the entire water column. Virioplankton abundance was significantly enhanced at the seamount stations. Environmental factors including water temperature and nitrate concentration were the most correlated with the variation in virioplankton abundance at the seamount stations. Interactions between shallow seamounts and local currents can support large virus standing stocks, causing a so‐called indirect “seamount effect” on the virioplankton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchu Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Shan Zheng
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Jiaozhou Bay Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Li Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xuegang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Wuchang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Gérald Grégori
- Aix-Marseille University, Toulon University, CNRS, IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography UM110, Marseille, France
| | - Tian Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
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8
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Wei W, Wang N, Cai L, Zhang C, Jiao N, Zhang R. Impacts of Freshwater and Seawater Mixing on the Production and Decay of Virioplankton in a Subtropical Estuary. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2019; 78:843-854. [PMID: 30972435 PMCID: PMC6842343 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-019-01362-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Virioplankton is an important component of the aquatic ecosystem and plays multiple ecological and biogeochemical roles. Although the spatial and temporal distributions and dynamics of virioplankton have been well investigated in riverine and marine environments, little is known about the dynamics and environmental controlling mechanisms of virioplankton in estuaries. In this study, viral abundance, production and decay were examined in the Pearl River Estuary (PRE), one of the largest estuaries in China. The influences of freshwater and seawater mixing on viral ecological dynamics were evaluated with several cross-transplant experiments. In PRE, viral abundance, production and decay rates varied from 2.72 ± 0.09 to 27.5 ± 1.07 × 106 viruses ml-1, 7.98 ± 2.33 to 16.27 ± 2.85% h-1 and 0.80 ± 0.23 to 3.74 ± 0.98% h-1, respectively. When the riverine and marine microbial community were transferred into simulated brackish water, viral production rates were markedly inhibited by 83.8% and 47.3%, respectively. The decay of riverine and marine virioplankton was inhibited by 21.1% and 34.2%, respectively, in simulated brackish water. These results indicate change of estuarine environmental factors significantly alters the dynamics of riverine and marine virioplankton. In addition, the effects of mixing on viral production and decay differed between high- and low-fluorescence viruses. High-fluorescence viruses seemed more resistant to decay than low-fluorescence viruses, whereas the production of marine low-fluorescence viruses seemed more resistant to inhibition than that of marine high-fluorescence viruses. Together, these results provide new insights into the ecological dynamics of virioplankton in estuarine environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Nannan Wang
- College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Lanlan Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanlun Zhang
- Department of Ocean Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Nianzhi Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China.
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China.
| | - Rui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China.
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Chen X, Ma R, Yang Y, Jiao N, Zhang R. Viral Regulation on Bacterial Community Impacted by Lysis-Lysogeny Switch: A Microcosm Experiment in Eutrophic Coastal Waters. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1763. [PMID: 31417537 PMCID: PMC6685395 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine viruses are major drivers of global biogeochemical cycles and energy fluxes, yet the importance of viral impacts on the succession and diversity of the bacterial community remains largely unexplored. Here, we explored viral life strategy and its potential effect on the bacterial community by experimental incubations of eutrophic coastal waters under lysogen-induced and non-induced treatments. The lysogen-induced treatment showed relatively constant viral and bacterial abundances, lytic and lysogenic viral production throughout the experimental period, together with the progressive declines in not only the relative abundances for SAR11, Rhodobacteraceae, Alteromonadaceae, and SAR86 but the bacterial community diversity. Conversely, the non-induced treatment observed the marked variation in the abundances of viruses, bacteria and cells with high nucleic acid content over the time course of incubation, which was congruent with the drastic shift in lytic and lysogenic viral production as well as the succession of bacterial community. Our results supported the hypotheses that a high level of lysogeny would occur with the increasing density of bacteria with rapid growth rate, which may contribute to a relatively lower host community diversity, whereas the lysogeny to lysis switching would fuel growth opportunities for less-active or initially rare bacterial taxa and generate a more diverse bacterial community. Altogether, the present study underscored the crucial regulatory role of the viral lysis-lysogeny pattern in bacterial community dynamics, composition and diversity, highlighting the viral impact on the microbial food web and biogeochemical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ruijie Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yunlan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Nianzhi Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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10
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Microbial transformation of virus-induced dissolved organic matter from picocyanobacteria: coupling of bacterial diversity and DOM chemodiversity. ISME JOURNAL 2019; 13:2551-2565. [PMID: 31227815 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-019-0449-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Picocyanobacteria make up half of the ocean's primary production, and they are subjected to frequent viral infection. Viral lysis of picocyanobacteria is a major driving force converting biologically fixed carbon into dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Viral-induced dissolved organic matter (vDOM) released from picocyanobacteria provides complex organic matter to bacterioplankton in the marine ecosystem. In order to understand how picocyanobacterial vDOM are transformed by bacteria and the impact of this process on bacterial community structure, viral lysate of picocyanobacteria was incubated with coastal seawater for 90 days. The transformation of vDOM was analyzed by ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry and the shift of bacterial populations analyzed using high-throughput sequencing technology. Addition of picocyanobacterial vDOM introduced abundant nitrogen components into the coastal water, which were largely degraded during the 90 days' incubation period. However, some DOM signatures were accumulated and the total assigned formulae number increased over time. In contrast to the control (no addition of vDOM), bacterial community enriched with vDOM changed markedly with increased biodiversity indices. The network analysis showed that key bacterial species formed complex relationship with vDOM components, suggesting the potential correspondence between bacterial populations and DOM molecules. We demonstrate that coastal bacterioplankton are able to quickly utilize and transform lysis products of picocyanobacteria, meanwhile, bacterial community varies with changing chemodiverisity of DOM. vDOM released from picocyanobacteria generated a complex labile DOM pool, which was converted to a rather stable DOM pool after microbial processing in the time frame of days to weeks.
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11
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Wang Y, Liu Y, Wang J, Luo T, Zhang R, Sun J, Zheng Q, Jiao N. Seasonal dynamics of bacterial communities in the surface seawater around subtropical Xiamen Island, China, as determined by 16S rRNA gene profiling. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 142:135-144. [PMID: 31232286 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the microbial structure in the surface seawater from five coastal sites around Xiamen Island, China, over four seasons to evaluate seasonal environmental fluctuations impact on them. This subtropical island is characterized by long, hot, humid summers, and short, mild, dry winters. All sites were dominated by Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Cyanobacteria, and Firmicutes; microbial community composition was similar across four seasons. However, larger proportions of Gammaproteobacteria and Bacillus were observed during the summer than during any other season. The high ratio of Bacillus, Bacteroidetes, and Clostridia richness to Alphaproteobacteria richness in the summer, suggested that the sites we tested were heavily affected by waste water to other seasons. Correlation-based network analyses among the bacterial species and environmental variables indicated important connections between physiochemical variables and specific taxonomic groups. Collectively, our results suggested that seasonal shifts and wastewater pollution together shape the structures of the microbial communities around Xiamen Island.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China; Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China; Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianning Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China; Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingwei Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China; Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China; Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China; Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China; Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
| | - Nianzhi Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China; Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Wei W, Zhang R, Peng L, Liang Y, Jiao N. Effects of temperature and photosynthetically active radiation on virioplankton decay in the western Pacific Ocean. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1525. [PMID: 29367730 PMCID: PMC5784127 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19678-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated virioplankton decay rates and their responses to changes in temperature and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) in the western Pacific Ocean. The mean decay rates for total, high-fluorescence, and low-fluorescence viruses were 1.64 ± 0.21, 2.46 ± 0.43, and 1.57 ± 0.26% h−1, respectively. Higher temperatures and PAR increased viral decay rates, and the increases in the decay rates of low-fluorescence viruses were greater than those of high-fluorescence viruses. Our results revealed that low-fluorescence viruses are more sensitive to warming and increasing PAR than are high-fluorescence viruses, which may be related to differences in their biological characteristics, such as the density of packaged nucleic acid materials. Our study provided experimental evidence for the responses of natural viral communities to changes in global environmental factors (e.g., temperature and solar radiation).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, PR China
| | - Rui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, PR China.
| | - Lulu Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, PR China
| | - Yantao Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, PR China.,Research Center for Marine Biology and Carbon Sequestration, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and BioProcess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, PR China
| | - Nianzhi Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, PR China.
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13
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Lara E, Vaqué D, Sà EL, Boras JA, Gomes A, Borrull E, Díez-Vives C, Teira E, Pernice MC, Garcia FC, Forn I, Castillo YM, Peiró A, Salazar G, Morán XAG, Massana R, Catalá TS, Luna GM, Agustí S, Estrada M, Gasol JM, Duarte CM. Unveiling the role and life strategies of viruses from the surface to the dark ocean. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1602565. [PMID: 28913418 PMCID: PMC5587022 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1602565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Viruses are a key component of marine ecosystems, but the assessment of their global role in regulating microbial communities and the flux of carbon is precluded by a paucity of data, particularly in the deep ocean. We assessed patterns in viral abundance and production and the role of viral lysis as a driver of prokaryote mortality, from surface to bathypelagic layers, across the tropical and subtropical oceans. Viral abundance showed significant differences between oceans in the epipelagic and mesopelagic, but not in the bathypelagic, and decreased with depth, with an average power-law scaling exponent of -1.03 km-1 from an average of 7.76 × 106 viruses ml-1 in the epipelagic to 0.62 × 106 viruses ml-1 in the bathypelagic layer with an average integrated (0 to 4000 m) viral stock of about 0.004 to 0.044 g C m-2, half of which is found below 775 m. Lysogenic viral production was higher than lytic viral production in surface waters, whereas the opposite was found in the bathypelagic, where prokaryotic mortality due to viruses was estimated to be 60 times higher than grazing. Free viruses had turnover times of 0.1 days in the bathypelagic, revealing that viruses in the bathypelagic are highly dynamic. On the basis of the rates of lysed prokaryotic cells, we estimated that viruses release 145 Gt C year-1 in the global tropical and subtropical oceans. The active viral processes reported here demonstrate the importance of viruses in the production of dissolved organic carbon in the dark ocean, a major pathway in carbon cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Lara
- Departament de Biologia Marina i Oceanografia, Institut de Ciències del Mar, Consell Superior d’Investigacions Científiques (ICM-CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
- Institute of Marine Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISMAR), Castello 2737/F Arsenale-Tesa 104, 30122 Venezia, Italy
| | - Dolors Vaqué
- Departament de Biologia Marina i Oceanografia, Institut de Ciències del Mar, Consell Superior d’Investigacions Científiques (ICM-CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Elisabet Laia Sà
- Departament de Biologia Marina i Oceanografia, Institut de Ciències del Mar, Consell Superior d’Investigacions Científiques (ICM-CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Julia A. Boras
- Departament de Biologia Marina i Oceanografia, Institut de Ciències del Mar, Consell Superior d’Investigacions Científiques (ICM-CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Ana Gomes
- Departament de Biologia Marina i Oceanografia, Institut de Ciències del Mar, Consell Superior d’Investigacions Científiques (ICM-CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Encarna Borrull
- Departament de Biologia Marina i Oceanografia, Institut de Ciències del Mar, Consell Superior d’Investigacions Científiques (ICM-CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Cristina Díez-Vives
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Eva Teira
- Departamento de Ecología y Biología Animal, Universidad de Vigo, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Massimo C. Pernice
- Departament de Biologia Marina i Oceanografia, Institut de Ciències del Mar, Consell Superior d’Investigacions Científiques (ICM-CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Francisca C. Garcia
- Centro Oceanográfico de Gijón/Xixón, Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Avenida Príncipe de Asturias, 70, 33212 Gijón/Xixón, Spain
| | - Irene Forn
- Departament de Biologia Marina i Oceanografia, Institut de Ciències del Mar, Consell Superior d’Investigacions Científiques (ICM-CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Yaiza M. Castillo
- Departament de Biologia Marina i Oceanografia, Institut de Ciències del Mar, Consell Superior d’Investigacions Científiques (ICM-CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Aida Peiró
- Departament de Biologia Marina i Oceanografia, Institut de Ciències del Mar, Consell Superior d’Investigacions Científiques (ICM-CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Guillem Salazar
- Departament de Biologia Marina i Oceanografia, Institut de Ciències del Mar, Consell Superior d’Investigacions Científiques (ICM-CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Xosé Anxelu G. Morán
- Red Sea Research Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ramon Massana
- Departament de Biologia Marina i Oceanografia, Institut de Ciències del Mar, Consell Superior d’Investigacions Científiques (ICM-CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Teresa S. Catalá
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, CSIC, Eduardo Cabello, 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain
- Departamento de Ecología and Instituto del Agua, Universidad de Granada, Avenida del Hospicio, S/N, 18010 Granada, Spain
| | | | - Susana Agustí
- Red Sea Research Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marta Estrada
- Departament de Biologia Marina i Oceanografia, Institut de Ciències del Mar, Consell Superior d’Investigacions Científiques (ICM-CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Josep M. Gasol
- Departament de Biologia Marina i Oceanografia, Institut de Ciències del Mar, Consell Superior d’Investigacions Científiques (ICM-CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Carlos M. Duarte
- Red Sea Research Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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14
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Pan D, Nolan J, Williams KH, Robbins MJ, Weber KA. Abundance and Distribution of Microbial Cells and Viruses in an Alluvial Aquifer. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1199. [PMID: 28744257 PMCID: PMC5504356 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses are the most abundant biological entity on Earth and their interactions with microbial communities are recognized to influence microbial ecology and impact biogeochemical cycling in various ecosystems. While the factors that control the distribution of viruses in surface aquatic environments are well-characterized, the abundance and distribution of continental subsurface viruses with respect to microbial abundance and biogeochemical parameters have not yet been established. In order to begin to understand the factors governing virus distribution in subsurface environments, we assessed microbial cell and virus abundance in groundwater concurrent with groundwater chemistry in a uranium impacted alluvial aquifer adjoining the Colorado River near Rifle, CO. Virus abundance ranged from 8.0 × 104 to 1.0 × 106 mL-1 and exceeded cell abundance in all samples (cell abundance ranged from 5.8 × 104 to 6.1 × 105 mL-1). The virus to microbial cell ratio ranged from 1.1 to 8.1 and averaged 3.0 ± 1.6 with virus abundance most strongly correlated to cell abundance (Spearman's ρ = 0.73, p < 0.001). Both viruses and cells were positively correlated to dissolved organic carbon (DOC) with cells having a slightly stronger correlation (Spearman's ρ = 0.46, p < 0.05 and ρ = 0.54, p < 0.05; respectively). Groundwater uranium was also strongly correlated with DOC and virus and cell abundance (Spearman's ρ = 0.62, p < 0.05; ρ = 0.46, p < 0.05; and ρ = 0.50, p < 0.05; respectively). Together the data indicate that microbial cell and virus abundance are correlated to the geochemical conditions in the aquifer. As such local geochemical conditions likely control microbial host cell abundance which in turn controls viral abundance. Given the potential impacts of viral-mediated cell lysis such as liberation of labile organic matter from lysed cells and changes in microbial community structure, viral interactions with the microbiota should be considered in an effort to understand subsurface biogeochemical cycling and contaminant mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald Pan
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-LincolnLincoln, NE, United States
| | - Jason Nolan
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Nebraska-LincolnLincoln, NE, United States
| | | | - Mark J. Robbins
- Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeley, CA, United States
| | - Karrie A. Weber
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-LincolnLincoln, NE, United States
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Nebraska-LincolnLincoln, NE, United States
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15
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Zhao Z, Gonsior M, Luek J, Timko S, Ianiri H, Hertkorn N, Schmitt-Kopplin P, Fang X, Zeng Q, Jiao N, Chen F. Picocyanobacteria and deep-ocean fluorescent dissolved organic matter share similar optical properties. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15284. [PMID: 28513605 PMCID: PMC5442323 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) and its related fluorescent components (FDOM), which are widely distributed but highly photobleached in the surface ocean, are critical in regulating light attenuation in the ocean. However, the origins of marine FDOM are still under investigation. Here we show that cultured picocyanobacteria, Synechococcus and Prochlorococcus, release FDOM that closely match the typical fluorescent signals found in oceanic environments. Picocyanobacterial FDOM also shows comparable apparent fluorescent quantum yields and undergoes similar photo-degradation behaviour when compared with deep-ocean FDOM, further strengthening the similarity between them. Ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy reveal abundant nitrogen-containing compounds in Synechococcus DOM, which may originate from degradation products of the fluorescent phycobilin pigments. Given the importance of picocyanobacteria in the global carbon cycle, our results indicate that picocyanobacteria are likely to be important sources of marine autochthonous FDOM, which may accumulate in the deep ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Marine Environmental Science, Institution of Marine Microbes and Ecosphere, College of Ocean and Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiang'an Campus, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen 361102, China
- Institute of Marine and Science Technology, Shandong University, Joint Lab of Microbial Oceanography at QNLMST, Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Michael Gonsior
- Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, 146 Williams Street, Solomons, Maryland 20688, USA
| | - Jenna Luek
- Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, 146 Williams Street, Solomons, Maryland 20688, USA
| | - Stephen Timko
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California Irvine, E4130 Engineering Gateway Building, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Hope Ianiri
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Norbert Hertkorn
- Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt, Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin
- Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt, Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Analytical Food Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Alte Akademie 10, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Xiaoting Fang
- Environmental Science Programs, School of Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qinglu Zeng
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nianzhi Jiao
- State Key Laboratory for Marine Environmental Science, Institution of Marine Microbes and Ecosphere, College of Ocean and Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiang'an Campus, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen 361102, China
- Institute of Marine and Science Technology, Shandong University, Joint Lab of Microbial Oceanography at QNLMST, Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Institute of Marine and Science Technology, Shandong University, Joint Lab of Microbial Oceanography at QNLMST, Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, 701 East Pratt Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21202, USA
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16
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Liang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Luo T, Rivkin RB, Jiao N. Distributions and relationships of virio- and picoplankton in the epi-, meso- and bathypelagic zones of the Western Pacific Ocean. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2016; 93:fiw238. [PMID: 27915283 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiw238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Virio- and picoplankton mediate important biogeochemical processes and the environmental factors that regulate their dynamics, and the virus-host interactions are incompletely known, especially in the deep sea. Here we report on their distributions and relationships with environmental factors at 21 stations covering a latitudinal range (2-23° N) in the Western Pacific Ocean. This region is characterized by a complex western boundary current system. Synechococcus, autotrophic picoeukaryotes, heterotrophic prokaryotes and virus-like particles (VLPs) were high (<2.4 × 102-6.3 × 104, <34-2.8 × 103, 3.9 × 104-1.3 × 106 cells mL-1 and 5.1 × 105-2.7 × 107 mL-1, respectively), and Prochlorococcus were low (<2.3 × 102-1.0 × 105 cells mL-1) in the Luzon Strait and the four most southerly stations, where upwelling occurs. Covariations in the abundances of VLPs with heterotrophic and autotrophic picoplankton, and their correlation (i.e. r2 = 0.63 and 0.52, respectively) suggested a strong host dependence in the epi- and mesopelagic zones. In the bathypelagic zone, only abiotic factors significantly influenced VLPs abundance variation (r2 = 0.12). This study shows that the dynamics of virio- and picoplankton in this Western Pacific are controlled by suite of complex and depth-dependent relationship among physical and biological factors that in turn link the physical hydrography of the western boundary current system with microbial-mediated biogeochemical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yantao Liang
- Research Center for Marine Biology and Carbon Sequestration, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.,Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China
| | - Yongyu Zhang
- Research Center for Marine Biology and Carbon Sequestration, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China
| | - Tingwei Luo
- Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China
| | - Richard B Rivkin
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Nianzhi Jiao
- Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China
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