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Masood M, Ding Q, Cawte AD, Rueda DS, Grimm SW, Yagüe E, El-Bahrawy M. Genetic screening for anticancer genes highlights FBLN5 as a synthetic lethal partner of MYC. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:295. [PMID: 37864183 PMCID: PMC10588048 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01300-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND When ectopically overexpressed, anticancer genes, such as TRAIL, PAR4 and ORCTL3, specifically destroy tumour cells without harming untransformed cells. Anticancer genes can not only serve as powerful tumour specific therapy tools but studying their mode of action can reveal mechanisms underlying the neoplastic transformation, sustenance and spread. METHODS Anticancer gene discovery is normally accidental. Here we describe a systematic, gain of function, forward genetic screen in mammalian cells to isolate novel anticancer genes of human origin. Continuing with over 30,000 transcripts from our previous study, 377 cell death inducing genes were subjected to screening. FBLN5 was chosen, as a proof of principle, for mechanistic gene expression profiling, comparison pathways analyses and functional studies. RESULTS Sixteen novel anticancer genes were isolated; these included non-coding RNAs, protein-coding genes and novel transcripts, such as ZNF436-AS1, SMLR1, TMEFF2, LINC01529, HYAL2, NEIL2, FBLN5, YPEL4 and PHKA2-processed transcript. FBLN5 selectively caused inhibition of MYC in COS-7 (transformed) cells but not in CV-1 (normal) cells. MYC was identified as synthetic lethality partner of FBLN5 where MYC transformed CV-1 cells experienced cell death upon FBLN5 transfection, whereas FBLN5 lost cell death induction in MCF-7 cells upon MYC knockdown. CONCLUSIONS Sixteen novel anticancer genes are present in human genome including FBLN5. MYC is a synthetic lethality partner of FBLN5. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motasim Masood
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Rd, London, UK
| | - Qize Ding
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Rd, London, UK
| | - Adam D Cawte
- Single Molecule Imaging Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Rd, London, UK
- Department of Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Rd, London, UK
| | - David S Rueda
- Single Molecule Imaging Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Rd, London, UK
- Department of Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Rd, London, UK
| | - Stefan W Grimm
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Rd, London, UK
| | - Ernesto Yagüe
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Rd, London, UK.
| | - Mona El-Bahrawy
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Rd, London, UK.
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt.
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Restrepo-Leal JD, Belair M, Fischer J, Richet N, Fontaine F, Rémond C, Fernandez O, Besaury L. Differential carbohydrate-active enzymes and secondary metabolite production by the grapevine trunk pathogen Neofusicoccum parvum Bt-67 grown on host and non-host biomass. Mycologia 2023; 115:579-601. [PMID: 37358885 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2023.2216122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Neofusicoccum parvum is one of the most aggressive Botryosphaeriaceae species associated with grapevine trunk diseases. This species may secrete enzymes capable of overcoming the plant barriers, leading to wood colonization. In addition to their roles in pathogenicity, there is an interest in taking advantage of N. parvum carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes), related to plant cell wall degradation, for lignocellulose biorefining. Furthermore, N. parvum produces toxic secondary metabolites that may contribute to its virulence. In order to increase knowledge on the mechanisms underlying pathogenicity and virulence, as well as the exploration of its metabolism and CAZymes for lignocellulose biorefining, we evaluated the N. parvum strain Bt-67 capacity in producing lignocellulolytic enzymes and secondary metabolites when grown in vitro with two lignocellulosic biomasses: grapevine canes (GP) and wheat straw (WS). For this purpose, a multiphasic study combining enzymology, transcriptomic, and metabolomic analyses was performed. Enzyme assays showed higher xylanase, xylosidase, arabinofuranosidase, and glucosidase activities when the fungus was grown with WS. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed the lignocellulosic biomass degradation caused by the secreted enzymes. Transcriptomics indicated that the N. parvum Bt-67 gene expression profiles in the presence of both biomasses were similar. In total, 134 genes coding CAZymes were up-regulated, where 94 of them were expressed in both biomass growth conditions. Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs), glucosidases, and endoglucanases were the most represented CAZymes and correlated with the enzymatic activities obtained. The secondary metabolite production, analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet/visible spectophotometry-mass spectrometry (HPLC-UV/Vis-MS), was variable depending on the carbon source. The diversity of differentially produced metabolites was higher when N. parvum Bt-67 was grown with GP. Overall, these results provide insight into the influence of lignocellulosic biomass on virulence factor expressions. Moreover, this study opens the possibility of optimizing the enzyme production from N. parvum with potential use for lignocellulose biorefining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julián D Restrepo-Leal
- AFERE Chair, Fractionnement des Agroressources et Environnement (FARE) UMR A 614, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51100 Reims, France
- MALDIVE Chair, Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes (RIBP) USC 1488, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51100 Reims, France
| | - Marie Belair
- AFERE Chair, Fractionnement des Agroressources et Environnement (FARE) UMR A 614, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51100 Reims, France
| | - Jochen Fischer
- Institut für Biotechnologie und Wirkstoff-Forschung gGmbH (IBWF), Hanns-Dieter-Hüsch-Weg 17, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Nicolas Richet
- Plateau Technique Mobile de Cytométrie Environnementale (MOBICYTE), UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne/Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), 51100 Reims, France
| | - Florence Fontaine
- MALDIVE Chair, Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes (RIBP) USC 1488, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51100 Reims, France
| | - Caroline Rémond
- AFERE Chair, Fractionnement des Agroressources et Environnement (FARE) UMR A 614, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51100 Reims, France
| | - Olivier Fernandez
- MALDIVE Chair, Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes (RIBP) USC 1488, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51100 Reims, France
| | - Ludovic Besaury
- AFERE Chair, Fractionnement des Agroressources et Environnement (FARE) UMR A 614, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51100 Reims, France
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3
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Yuan C, Zheng X, Liu K, Yuan W, Zhang Y, Mao F, Bao Y. Functional Characterization, Antimicrobial Effects, and Potential Antibacterial Mechanisms of NpHM4, a Derived Peptide of Nautilus pompilius Hemocyanin. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20070459. [PMID: 35877752 PMCID: PMC9317327 DOI: 10.3390/md20070459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemocyanins present in the hemolymph of invertebrates are multifunctional proteins that are responsible for oxygen transport and play crucial roles in the immune system. They have also been identified as a source of antimicrobial peptides during infection in mollusks. Hemocyanin has also been identified in the cephalopod ancestor Nautilus, but antimicrobial peptides derived from the hemocyanin of Nautilus pompilius have not been reported. Here, the bactericidal activity of six predicted peptides from N. pompilius hemocyanin and seven mutant peptides was analyzed. Among those peptides, a mutant peptide with 15 amino acids (1RVFAGFLRHGIKRSR15), NpHM4, showed relatively high antibacterial activity. NpHM4 was determined to have typical antimicrobial peptide characteristics, including a positive charge (+5.25) and a high hydrophobic residue ratio (40%), and it was predicted to form an alpha-helical structure. In addition, NpHM4 exhibited significant antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria (MBC = 30 μM for Vibrio alginolyticus), with no cytotoxicity to mammalian cells even at a high concentration of 180 µM. Upon contact with V. alginolyticus cells, we confirmed that the bactericidal activity of NpHM4 was coupled with membrane permeabilization, which was further confirmed via ultrastructural images using a scanning electron microscope. Therefore, our study provides a rationalization for the development and optimization of antimicrobial peptide from the cephalopod ancestor Nautilus, paving the way for future novel AMP development with broad applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Yuan
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Aquatic Germplasm Resources, College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, China; (C.Y.); (X.Z.); (W.Y.)
- Ninghai Institute of Mariculture Breeding and Seed Industry, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315604, China
| | - Xiaoying Zheng
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Aquatic Germplasm Resources, College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, China; (C.Y.); (X.Z.); (W.Y.)
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Kunna Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; (K.L.); (Y.Z.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Wenbin Yuan
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Aquatic Germplasm Resources, College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, China; (C.Y.); (X.Z.); (W.Y.)
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; (K.L.); (Y.Z.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Fan Mao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; (K.L.); (Y.Z.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510301, China
- Correspondence: (F.M.); (Y.B.); Tel.: +86-20-8910-2507 (F.M.)
| | - Yongbo Bao
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Aquatic Germplasm Resources, College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, China; (C.Y.); (X.Z.); (W.Y.)
- Ninghai Institute of Mariculture Breeding and Seed Industry, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315604, China
- Correspondence: (F.M.); (Y.B.); Tel.: +86-20-8910-2507 (F.M.)
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Meng X, Fu M, Wang S, Chen W, Wang J, Zhang N. Naringin ameliorates memory deficits and exerts neuroprotective effects in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease by regulating multiple metabolic pathways. Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:332. [PMID: 33760152 PMCID: PMC7974313 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.11971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the neuroprotective effects of naringin on the memory impairment of hydrocortisone mice, and to elucidate the potential underlying molecular mechanisms. In the present study, a hydrocortisone model was constructed. Novel object recognition, Morris water maze and step‑down tests were performed in order to assess the learning and memory abilities of mice. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to observe pathological changes in the hippocampus and hypothalamus. Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the ultrastructural changes in the hippocampus. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of ERα and ERβ. Western blotting was performed to detect the expression of each protein in the relevant system. It was found that naringin can significantly improve cognitive, learning and memory dysfunction in mice with hydrocortisone memory impairment. In addition, naringin can exert neuroprotective effects through a variety of mechanisms, including amyloid β metabolism, Tau protein hyperphosphorylation, acetylcholinergic system, glutamate receptor system, oxidative stress and cell apoptosis. Naringin can also affect the expression of phosphorylated‑P38/P38, indicating that the neuroprotective effect of naringin may also involve the MAPK/P38 pathway. The results of the present study concluded that naringin can effectively improve the cognitive abilities of mice with memory impairment and exert neuroprotective effects. Thus, naringin may be a promising target drug candidate for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdong Meng
- Nanchong Central Hospital, Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, P.R. China
| | - Mingming Fu
- Foreign Language Department, North Sichuan Medical College (University), Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, P.R. China
| | - Shoufeng Wang
- Affiliated First Hospital, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154002, P.R. China
| | - Weida Chen
- Affiliated First Hospital, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154002, P.R. China
| | - Jianjie Wang
- College of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154002, P.R. China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Jiamusi College, College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, P.R. China
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Zhao H, Han T, Hong X, Sun D. Adipose differentiation‑related protein knockdown inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration and attenuates neointima formation. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:3079-3086. [PMID: 28713961 PMCID: PMC5548019 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) have an important role in atherosclerosis development. Evidence has demonstrated that adipose differentiation-related protein (ADRP) is associated with foam cell formation and atherosclerosis progression. However, to the best of our knowledge, no previous studies have investigated the role of ADRP knockdown in platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-stimulated proliferation and migration of VSMCs in vitro. Furthermore, the effect of ADRP knockdown on neointima formation in vivo remains unclear. In the present study, primary human aortic VSMCs were incubated with PDGF following ADRP small interfering (si)RNA transfection. Cell viability, migration and cell cycle distribution were analyzed by MTT, wound healing and Transwell assays and flow cytometry, respectively. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), phosphorylated (p)-ERK, Akt, p-Akt, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 protein levels were determined by western blotting. Apolipoprotein E−/− mice fed an atherogenic diet were injected with siADRP or control siRNA twice a week. After 3 weeks of therapy, aortas were excised and ADRP mRNA and protein expression was determined. Neointima formation was assessed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. The results of the current study demonstrated that ADRP knockdown significantly inhibited PDGF-induced increases in VSMC viability, caused G1 phase cell cycle arrest and decreased PCNA expression. Knockdown of ADRP inhibited PDGF-induced migration of VSMCs by reducing MMP protein expression and activity. In addition, the present study also demonstrated that ADRP knockdown inhibited ERK and Akt signaling pathways in response to PDGF. Furthermore, siADRP administration suppressed neointima formation in the mouse model. The results of the present study indicate that ADRP may be a potential target for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haomin Zhao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, China‑Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Tao Han
- Department of Vascular Surgery, China‑Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Xin Hong
- Department of Vascular Surgery, China‑Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Dajun Sun
- Department of Vascular Surgery, China‑Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
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Li S, Xu D, Guo J, Sun Y. Inhibition of cell growth and induction of inflammation by endosulfan in HUVEC-C cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2016; 31:1785-1795. [PMID: 26714676 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Endosulfan is one of the organochlorine pesticides. It has been associated with a wide range of adverse health effects. However, it is unknown whether endosulfan causes endothelial dysfunction. In the present study, we investigated the effects of endosulfan on human vascular endothelial cells. We exposed human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC-C) to varying concentrations of endosulfan for 48 h. The results showed that endosulfan lowered cell viability and inhibited cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. Flow cytometric analysis showed that endosulfan at 60 μM induced G1 cell cycle arrest, a response attributed to down-regulation of CDK6 and pRb dephosphorylation. We observed that endosulfan at 40 and 60 μM induced a considerable percentage of cells to undergo apoptosis, as detected by Annexin-V binding assays. Endosulfan reduced mitochondrial transmembrane potential, leading to the release of cytochrome c into the cytoplasm; meanwhile, endosulfan also inhibited the mRNA expression level of survivin, which resulted in the activation of caspase-3. These results indicated that the intrinsic mitochondria-mediated pathway was involved in apoptotic process. Exposure to endosulfan increased the secretion and mRNA expression levels of inflammation factors interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8, suggesting that endosulfan could cause inflammation. Overall, these findings suggested that endosulfan is toxic to HUVEC-C cells, resulting in endothelial dysfunction. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 1785-1795, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Li
- Institute of Environmental Systems Biology, Environment Science and Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Linghai Road 1, Dalian, 116026, Poeple's Republic of China
| | - Dan Xu
- Institute of Environmental Systems Biology, Environment Science and Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Linghai Road 1, Dalian, 116026, Poeple's Republic of China
| | - Jianguo Guo
- Institute of Environmental Systems Biology, Environment Science and Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Linghai Road 1, Dalian, 116026, Poeple's Republic of China
| | - Yeqing Sun
- Institute of Environmental Systems Biology, Environment Science and Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Linghai Road 1, Dalian, 116026, Poeple's Republic of China
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Gu Y, Barzegar M, Chen X, Wu Y, Shang C, Mahdavian E, Salvatore BA, Jiang S, Huang S. Fusarochromanone-induced reactive oxygen species results in activation of JNK cascade and cell death by inhibiting protein phosphatases 2A and 5. Oncotarget 2016; 6:42322-33. [PMID: 26517353 PMCID: PMC4747228 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that fusarochromanone (FC101), a mycotoxin, is cytotoxic in a variety of cell lines. However, the molecular mechanism underlying its cytotoxicity remains elusive. Here we found that FC101 induced cell death in COS7 and HEK293 cells in part by activating JNK pathway. This is evidenced by the findings that inhibition of JNK with SP600125 or expression of dominant negative c-Jun partially prevented FC101-induced cell death. Furthermore, we observed that FC101-activated JNK pathway was attributed to induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Pretreatment with N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), a ROS scavenger and antioxidant, suppressed FC101-induced activation of JNK and cell death. Moreover, we noticed that FC101 inhibited the serine/threonine protein phosphatases 2A (PP2A) and 5 (PP5) in the cells, which was abrogated by NAC. Overexpression of PP2A or PP5 partially prevented FC101-induced activation of JNK and cell death. The results indicate that FC101-induced ROS inhibits PP2A and PP5, leading to activation of JNK pathway and consequently resulting in cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Gu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Mansoureh Barzegar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Xin Chen
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Yang Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Chaowei Shang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA.,Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Elahe Mahdavian
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Louisiana State University, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Brian A Salvatore
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Louisiana State University, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Shanxiang Jiang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Shile Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA.,Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
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