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Villavicencio-Pulido JG, Robles-Sámano R, Tapia-Santos B. Sustainable scenarios in a plants-rhizobacteria-plant consumers system are in risk when biotic or abiotic factors change. Math Biosci 2024; 375:109261. [PMID: 39033960 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2024.109261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
The ecological relationship among plants, rhizobacteria and plant consumers has attracted the attention of researchers due to its implications in field crops. It is known that, the rhizosphere is occupied not only by rhizobacteria which grant benefits to the plants but also by bacteria which are detrimental for them. In this work, we construct and analyze a plants-rhizobacteria-plant consumers system. In the modeling process, it is assumed that there is a conditioned interaction between plants and bacteria in the rhizosfera such that there is a mutualistic relationship at low densities of rhizobacteria and the relationship is parasitic or competitive at higher densities of them. Benefits granted by rhizobacteria include mechanisms that increase the plant growth and defense mechanisms against plant consumers. From the analysis of the model and its simplified version, we show that scenarios of coexistence of all populations can occur for a wide range of values of the parameters which describe biotic or abiotic factors; however, these scenarios are in risk since scenarios of exclusion of species can occur simultaneously due to the presence of bistability phenomena. The results obtained can be useful for the decision makers to design interventions strategies on field crops when plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria are used.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Geiser Villavicencio-Pulido
- División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Depto. de Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Lerma, Av. Hidalgo Poniente No. 46, Col. La Estación, 52006 Lerma de Villada, Edo. de México, Mexico.
| | - Rodrigo Robles-Sámano
- División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Depto. de Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Lerma, Av. Hidalgo Poniente No. 46, Col. La Estación, 52006 Lerma de Villada, Edo. de México, Mexico.
| | - Brenda Tapia-Santos
- Facultad de Matemáticas, Universidad Veracruzana, Pase No. ext. 112, L. 2. Col. Nueva Xalapa, C.P. 91097, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico.
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2
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Niu D, Xu L, Lin K. Multitrophic and Multilevel Interactions Mediated by Volatile Organic Compounds. INSECTS 2024; 15:572. [PMID: 39194777 DOI: 10.3390/insects15080572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Plants communicate with insects and other organisms through the release of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Using Boolean operators, we retrieved 1093 articles from the Web of Science and Scopus databases, selecting 406 for detailed analysis, with approximately 50% focusing on herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs). This review examines the roles of VOCs in direct and indirect plant defense mechanisms and their influence on complex communication networks within ecosystems. Our research reveals significant functions of VOCs in four principal areas: activating insect antennae, attracting adult insects, attracting female insects, and attracting natural enemies. Terpenoids like α-pinene and β-myrcene significantly alter pest behavior by attracting natural enemies. β-ocimene and β-caryophyllene are crucial in regulating aboveground and belowground interactions. We emphasize the potential applications of VOCs in agriculture for developing novel pest control strategies and enhancing crop resilience. Additionally, we identify research gaps and propose new directions, stressing the importance of comparative studies across ecosystems and long-term observational research to better understand VOCs dynamics. In conclusion, we provide insights into the multifunctionality of VOCs in natural ecosystems, their potential for future research and applications, and their role in advancing sustainable agricultural and ecological practices, contributing to a deeper understanding of their mechanisms and ecological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Niu
- Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot 010000, China
- Inner Mongolia-CABI Joint Laboratory for Grassland Protection and Sustainable Utilization, Hohhot 010000, China
- Key Laboratory of Biohazard Monitoring, Green Prevention and Control for Artificial Grassland, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hohhot 010000, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Protection Ecology, Hohhot 010000, China
| | - Linbo Xu
- Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot 010000, China
- Inner Mongolia-CABI Joint Laboratory for Grassland Protection and Sustainable Utilization, Hohhot 010000, China
- Key Laboratory of Biohazard Monitoring, Green Prevention and Control for Artificial Grassland, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hohhot 010000, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Protection Ecology, Hohhot 010000, China
| | - Kejian Lin
- Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot 010000, China
- Inner Mongolia-CABI Joint Laboratory for Grassland Protection and Sustainable Utilization, Hohhot 010000, China
- Key Laboratory of Biohazard Monitoring, Green Prevention and Control for Artificial Grassland, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hohhot 010000, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Protection Ecology, Hohhot 010000, China
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3
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Cortez AO, Yoshinaga N, Mori N, Hwang SY. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria modulate induced corn defense against Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2024; 88:872-884. [PMID: 38782714 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbae073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Common cutworm, Spodoptera litura is an important pest of corn causing significant crop yield loss. Synthetic insecticides have mostly been used to combat this pest, raising human and environmental health concerns. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) could compensate for or augment the harmful effects of agrochemicals. Herein, we aimed to assess whether PGPR-induced defenses in corn plants impact the host-plant selection behavior of S. litura. Headspace volatile organic compounds were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Larvae fed inoculated corn exhibited lower weights and relative growth rate than noninoculated plants. Under choice experiments, PGPR-treated plants significantly reduced percentage leaf damage area and oviposition rate compared to untreated plants. Volatile organic compound ratio emission varied significantly between control and PGPR treatments, which, in part, explains feeding and oviposition deterrence in PGPR-treated plants. The results demonstrate that PGPR inoculation can enhance corn resistance to S. litura, making it a promising candidate for crop protection strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amado O Cortez
- Insect-Plant Interaction Laboratory, Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Crop Science, College of Agriculture, Isabela State University, Echague, Isabela, the Philippines
| | - Naoko Yoshinaga
- Chemical Ecology Laboratory, Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naoki Mori
- Chemical Ecology Laboratory, Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shaw-Yhi Hwang
- Insect-Plant Interaction Laboratory, Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Malhotra P, Basu S, Lee BW, Oeller L, Crowder DW. Effects of Soil Rhizobia Abundance on Interactions between a Vector, Pathogen, and Legume Plant Host. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:273. [PMID: 38540332 PMCID: PMC10970239 DOI: 10.3390/genes15030273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Soil rhizobia promote nitrogen fixation in legume hosts, maximizing their tolerance to different biotic stressors, plant biomass, crop growth, and yield. While the presence of soil rhizobia is considered beneficial for plants, few studies have assessed whether variation in rhizobia abundance affects the tolerance of legumes to stressors. To address this, we assessed the effects of variable soil rhizobia inoculum concentrations on interactions between a legume host (Pisum sativum), a vector insect (Acyrthosiphon pisum), and a virus (Pea enation mosaic virus, PEMV). We showed that increased rhizobia abundance reduces the inhibitory effects of PEMV on the nodule formation and root growth in 2-week-old plants. However, these trends were reversed in 4-week-old plants. Rhizobia abundance did not affect shoot growth or virus prevalence in 2- or 4-week-old plants. Our results show that rhizobia abundance may indirectly affect legume tolerance to a virus, but effects varied based on plant age. To assess the mechanisms that mediated interactions between rhizobia, plants, aphids, and PEMV, we measured the relative expression of gene transcripts related to plant defense signaling. Rhizobia concentrations did not strongly affect the expression of defense genes associated with phytohormone signaling. Our study shows that an abundance of soil rhizobia may impact a plant's ability to tolerate stressors such as vector-borne pathogens, as well as aid in developing sustainable pest and pathogen management systems for legume crops. More broadly, understanding how variable rhizobia concentrations can optimize legume-rhizobia symbiosis may enhance the productivity of legume crops.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saumik Basu
- Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; (P.M.); (B.W.L.); (L.O.); (D.W.C.)
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Abbas F, O'Neill Rothenberg D, Zhou Y, Ke Y, Wang HC. Volatile organic compounds as mediators of plant communication and adaptation to climate change. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13840. [PMID: 36512339 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Plant volatile organic compounds are the most abundant and structurally diverse plant secondary metabolites. They play a key role in plant lifespan via direct and indirect plant defenses, attracting pollinators, and mediating various interactions between plants and their environment. The ecological diversity and context-dependence of plant-plant communication driven by volatiles are crucial elements that influence plant performance in different habitats. Plant volatiles are also valued for their multiple applications in food, flavor, pharmaceutical, and cosmetics industries. In the current review, we summarize recent advances that have elucidated the functions of plant volatile organic compounds as mediators of plant interaction at community and individual levels, highlighting the complexities of plant receiver feedback to various signals and cues. This review emphasizes volatile terpenoids, the most abundant class of plant volatile organic compounds, highlighting their role in plant adaptability to global climate change and stress-response pathways that are integral to plant growth and survival. Finally, we identify research gaps and suggest future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhat Abbas
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops-South China/Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dylan O'Neill Rothenberg
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops-South China/Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiwei Zhou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanguo Ke
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Yunnan Urban Agricultural Engineering & Technological Research Center, Kunming University, Kunming, China
- College of Economics and Management, Kunming University, Kunming, China
| | - Hui-Cong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops-South China/Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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6
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Legume plant defenses and nutrients mediate indirect interactions between soil rhizobia and chewing herbivores. Basic Appl Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2022.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Palermo TB, Cappellari LDR, Chiappero J, Giordano W, Banchio E. Beneficial rhizobacteria inoculation on Ocimum basilicum reduces the growth performance and nutritional value of Spodoptera frugiperda. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:778-784. [PMID: 34708509 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) has a significant role in plant-insect interaction. However, the extent of their impact on insects is still not well understood. This investigation was designed to evaluate the role of inoculation with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens GB03 on sweet basil (Ocimum basilucum L.) in the development and nutritional parameters of Spodoptera frugiperda. In addition, the feeding preferences on inoculated and non-inoculated plants were assessed. RESULTS Spodoptera frugiperda larvae reared with inoculated sweet basil leaves had a strong negative effect on the development of the insect, resulting in lower larval and pupal weights, and a longer period for larval-adult development. Moreover, adult emergence was reduced, but the relative consumption rate (RCR) value was unaffected, thereby revealing no alteration of the palatability. Growth rate and nutritional indicators, such as the efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI) and the efficiency of conversion of digested food (ECD), were reduced in larvae reared from treated plants. In the choice test, larvae avoided feeding on inoculated leaves. CONCLUSION The higher occurrence of secondary metabolites in inoculated plants could have been the reason for the reduction of the plant nutritional rate and also for the food selection, since it has been previously reported that GB03 inoculated sweet basil increased the essential oil yield. Therefore, PGPR inoculation could be used as a growth promoter, making it a promising candidate for plant protection programs against insects in aromatic plant production. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Belén Palermo
- INBIAS Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y Salud (CONICET - Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto), Campus Universitario, Río Cuarto, Argentina
| | - Lorena Del Rosario Cappellari
- INBIAS Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y Salud (CONICET - Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto), Campus Universitario, Río Cuarto, Argentina
| | - Julieta Chiappero
- INBIAS Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y Salud (CONICET - Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto), Campus Universitario, Río Cuarto, Argentina
| | - Walter Giordano
- INBIAS Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y Salud (CONICET - Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto), Campus Universitario, Río Cuarto, Argentina
| | - Erika Banchio
- INBIAS Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y Salud (CONICET - Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto), Campus Universitario, Río Cuarto, Argentina
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Sharifi R, Jeon JS, Ryu CM. Belowground plant-microbe communications via volatile compounds. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:463-486. [PMID: 34727189 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Volatile compounds play important roles in rhizosphere biological communications and interactions. The emission of plant and microbial volatiles is a dynamic phenomenon that is affected by several endogenous and exogenous signals. Diffusion of volatiles can be limited by their adsorption, degradation, and dissolution under specific environmental conditions. Therefore, rhizosphere volatiles need to be investigated on a micro and spatiotemporal scale. Plant and microbial volatiles can expand and specialize the rhizobacterial niche not only by improving the root system architecture such that it serves as a nutrient-rich shelter, but also by inhibiting or promoting the growth, chemotaxis, survival, and robustness of neighboring organisms. Root volatiles play an important role in engineering the belowground microbiome by shaping the microbial community structure and recruiting beneficial microbes. Microbial volatiles are appropriate candidates for improving plant growth and health during environmental challenges and climate change. However, some technical and experimental challenges limit the non-destructive monitoring of volatile emissions in the rhizosphere in real-time. In this review, we attempt to clarify the volatile-mediated intra- and inter-kingdom communications in the rhizosphere, and propose improvements in experimental design for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rouhallah Sharifi
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Je-Seung Jeon
- Molecular Phytobacteriology Laboratory, Infectious Disease Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Choong-Min Ryu
- Molecular Phytobacteriology Laboratory, Infectious Disease Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Biosystem and Bioengineering Program, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
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Basu S, Clark RE, Blundell R, Casteel CL, Charlton AM, Crowder DW. Reciprocal plant‐mediated antagonism between a legume plant virus and soil rhizobia. Funct Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saumik Basu
- Department of Entomology Washington State University Pullman WA USA
| | - Robert E. Clark
- Department of Entomology Washington State University Pullman WA USA
| | - Robert Blundell
- Department of Plant Pathology University of California Davis Davis CA USA
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Plant Pathology and Plant‐Microbe Biology Section Cornell University Ithaca NY USA
| | - Clare L. Casteel
- Department of Plant Pathology University of California Davis Davis CA USA
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Plant Pathology and Plant‐Microbe Biology Section Cornell University Ithaca NY USA
| | | | - David W. Crowder
- Department of Entomology Washington State University Pullman WA USA
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10
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Insights into the Interactions among Roots, Rhizosphere, and Rhizobacteria for Improving Plant Growth and Tolerance to Abiotic Stresses: A Review. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061551. [PMID: 34205352 PMCID: PMC8234610 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Abiotic stresses, such as drought, salinity, heavy metals, variations in temperature, and ultraviolet (UV) radiation, are antagonistic to plant growth and development, resulting in an overall decrease in plant yield. These stresses have direct effects on the rhizosphere, thus severely affect the root growth, and thereby affecting the overall plant growth, health, and productivity. However, the growth-promoting rhizobacteria that colonize the rhizosphere/endorhizosphere protect the roots from the adverse effects of abiotic stress and facilitate plant growth by various direct and indirect mechanisms. In the rhizosphere, plants are constantly interacting with thousands of these microorganisms, yet it is not very clear when and how these complex root, rhizosphere, and rhizobacteria interactions occur under abiotic stresses. Therefore, the present review attempts to focus on root–rhizosphere and rhizobacterial interactions under stresses, how roots respond to these interactions, and the role of rhizobacteria under these stresses. Further, the review focuses on the underlying mechanisms employed by rhizobacteria for improving root architecture and plant tolerance to abiotic stresses.
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Brock AK, Berger B, Schreiner M, Ruppel S, Mewis I. Plant growth-promoting bacteria Kosakonia radicincitans mediate anti-herbivore defense in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANTA 2018; 248:1383-1392. [PMID: 30120551 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-018-2964-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrates that the application of the PGPB strain, Kosakonia radicincitans enhances a plant's resistance against phloem-feeding and chewing insects in Arabidopsis thaliana. The plant growth-promoting bacterial strain K. radicincitans DSM 16656 applied to A. thaliana reduced the number of phloem-feeding insects of both the specialist Brevicoryne brassicae and the generalist Myzus persicae. While weight gain of the generalist chewing insect Spodoptera exigua was reduced by 30% on A. thaliana plants treated with K. radicincitans, growth of the specialist caterpillar Pieris brassicae was not affected when compared with caterpillars from control plants. Since generalist and specialist chewing insects responded differentially to PGPB application, the implication of signaling pathways in PGPB mediated changes in plant defense was studied using two signaling pathway mutants impaired in their salicylic acid (npr1-1 mutant) or jasmonic acid (coi1-1 mutant) pathway. We found that the jasmonic acid pathway is relevant for upregulation of aliphatic glucosinolates and suppression of the chewing generalist S. exigua larval growth. Chewing from generalist P. brassicae increased glucosinolate content in A. thaliana leaves mediated via both signaling pathways. However, only in the npr1-1 mutant, which contains the highest aliphatic glucosinolate content, the P. brassicae induced further enrichment of glucosinolates, resulting in a reduction of larval growth. Effects of K. radicincitans on plant resistance could not be explained by changes in glucosinolate contents or composition. Our results demonstrate the distinct role played by K. radicincitans in suppressing insect performance in A. thaliana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita K Brock
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979, Großbeeren, Germany
| | - Beatrice Berger
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979, Großbeeren, Germany.
| | - Monika Schreiner
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979, Großbeeren, Germany
| | - Silke Ruppel
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979, Großbeeren, Germany
| | - Inga Mewis
- Division Urban Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty for Agriculture and Horticulture, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Lentzeallee 55-57, 14195, Berlin, Germany
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12
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Chiriboga M X, Guo H, Campos-Herrera R, Röder G, Imperiali N, Keel C, Maurhofer M, Turlings TCJ. Root-colonizing bacteria enhance the levels of (E)-β-caryophyllene produced by maize roots in response to rootworm feeding. Oecologia 2018; 187:459-468. [PMID: 29423754 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-017-4055-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
When larvae of rootworms feed on maize roots they induce the emission of the sesquiterpene (E)-β-caryophyllene (EβC). EβC is attractive to entomopathogenic nematodes, which parasitize and rapidly kill the larvae, thereby protecting the roots from further damage. Certain root-colonizing bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas also benefit plants by promoting growth, suppressing pathogens or inducing systemic resistance (ISR), and some strains also have insecticidal activity. It remains unknown how these bacteria influence the emissions of root volatiles. In this study, we evaluated how colonization by the growth-promoting and insecticidal bacteria Pseudomonas protegens CHA0 and Pseudomonas chlororaphis PCL1391 affects the production of EβC upon feeding by larvae of the banded cucumber beetle, Diabrotica balteata Le Conte (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Using chemical analysis and gene expression measurements, we found that EβC production and the expression of the EβC synthase gene (tps23) were enhanced in Pseudomonas protegens CHA0-colonized roots after 72 h of D. balteata feeding. Undamaged roots colonized by Pseudomonas spp. showed no measurable increase in EβC production, but a slight increase in tps23 expression. Pseudomonas colonization did not affect root biomass, but larvae that fed on roots colonized by P. protegens CHA0 tended to gain more weight than larvae that fed on roots colonized by P. chlororaphis PCL1391. Larvae mortality on Pseudomonas spp. colonized roots was slightly, but not significantly higher than on non-colonized control roots. The observed enhanced production of EβC upon Pseudomonas protegens CHA0 colonization may enhance the roots' attractiveness to entomopathogenic nematodes, but this remains to be tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Chiriboga M
- Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology (FARCE Lab), Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Emile-Argand 11, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Huijuan Guo
- Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology (FARCE Lab), Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Emile-Argand 11, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.,State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Insect Pests and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijin, 100101, China
| | - Raquel Campos-Herrera
- Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology (FARCE Lab), Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Emile-Argand 11, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.,Centro para os Recursos Biológicos e Alimentos Mediterrânicos (MeditBio), FCT, Universidade do Algarve, Campus Gambelas, Edf. 8, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Gregory Röder
- Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology (FARCE Lab), Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Emile-Argand 11, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Imperiali
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Keel
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Monika Maurhofer
- Plant Pathology, Institute of Integrative Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ted C J Turlings
- Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology (FARCE Lab), Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Emile-Argand 11, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
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13
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Yi Y, de Jong A, Frenzel E, Kuipers OP. Comparative Transcriptomics of Bacillus mycoides Strains in Response to Potato-Root Exudates Reveals Different Genetic Adaptation of Endophytic and Soil Isolates. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1487. [PMID: 28824604 PMCID: PMC5543090 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant root secreted compounds alter the gene expression of associated microorganisms by acting as signal molecules that either stimulate or repel the interaction with beneficial or harmful species, respectively. However, it is still unclear whether two distinct groups of beneficial bacteria, non-plant-associated (soil) strains and plant-associated (endophytic) strains, respond uniformly or variably to the exposure with root exudates. Therefore, Bacillus mycoides, a potential biocontrol agent and plant growth-promoting bacterium, was isolated from the endosphere of potatoes and from soil of the same geographical region. Confocal fluorescence microscopy of plants inoculated with GFP-tagged B. mycoides strains showed that the endosphere isolate EC18 had a stronger plant colonization ability and competed more successfully for the colonization sites than the soil isolate SB8. To dissect these phenotypic differences, the genomes of the two strains were sequenced and the transcriptome response to potato root exudates was compared. The global transcriptome profiles evidenced that the endophytic isolate responded more pronounced than the soil-derived isolate and a higher number of significant differentially expressed genes were detected. Both isolates responded with the alteration of expression of an overlapping set of genes, which had previously been reported to be involved in plant–microbe interactions; including organic substance metabolism, oxidative reduction, and transmembrane transport. Notably, several genes were specifically upregulated in the endosphere isolate EC18, while being oppositely downregulated in the soil isolate SB8. These genes mainly encoded membrane proteins, transcriptional regulators or were involved in amino acid metabolism and biosynthesis. By contrast, several genes upregulated in the soil isolate SB8 and downregulated in the endosphere isolate EC18 were related to sugar transport, which might coincide with the different nutrient availability in the two environments. Altogether, the presented transcriptome profiles provide highly improved insights into the life strategies of plant-associated endophytes and soil isolates of B. mycoides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanglei Yi
- Molecular Genetics Department, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of GroningenGroningen, Netherlands
| | - Anne de Jong
- Molecular Genetics Department, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of GroningenGroningen, Netherlands
| | - Elrike Frenzel
- Molecular Genetics Department, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of GroningenGroningen, Netherlands
| | - Oscar P Kuipers
- Molecular Genetics Department, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of GroningenGroningen, Netherlands
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14
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Moore BD, Johnson SN. Get Tough, Get Toxic, or Get a Bodyguard: Identifying Candidate Traits Conferring Belowground Resistance to Herbivores in Grasses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 7:1925. [PMID: 28105030 PMCID: PMC5214545 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Grasses (Poaceae) are the fifth-largest plant family by species and their uses for crops, forage, fiber, and fuel make them the most economically important. In grasslands, which broadly-defined cover 40% of the Earth's terrestrial surface outside of Greenland and Antarctica, 40-60% of net primary productivity and 70-98% of invertebrate biomass occurs belowground, providing extensive scope for interactions between roots and rhizosphere invertebrates. Grasses invest 50-70% of fixed carbon into root construction, which suggests roots are high value tissues that should be defended from herbivores, but we know relatively little about such defenses. In this article, we identify candidate grass root defenses, including physical (tough) and chemical (toxic) resistance traits, together with indirect defenses involving recruitment of root herbivores' natural enemies. We draw on relevant literature to establish whether these defenses are present in grasses, and specifically in grass roots, and which herbivores of grasses are affected by these defenses. Physical defenses could include structural macro-molecules such as lignin, cellulose, suberin, and callose in addition to silica and calcium oxalate. Root hairs and rhizosheaths, a structural adaptation unique to grasses, might also play defensive roles. To date, only lignin and silica have been shown to negatively affect root herbivores. In terms of chemical resistance traits, nitrate, oxalic acid, terpenoids, alkaloids, amino acids, cyanogenic glycosides, benzoxazinoids, phenolics, and proteinase inhibitors have the potential to negatively affect grass root herbivores. Several good examples demonstrate the existence of indirect defenses in grass roots, including maize, which can recruit entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) via emission of (E)-β-caryophyllene, and similar defenses are likely to be common. In producing this review, we aimed to equip researchers with candidate root defenses for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben D Moore
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University Richmond, NSW, Australia
| | - Scott N Johnson
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University Richmond, NSW, Australia
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15
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Filgueiras CC, Willett DS, Pereira RV, Moino Junior A, Pareja M, Duncan LW. Eliciting maize defense pathways aboveground attracts belowground biocontrol agents. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36484. [PMID: 27811992 PMCID: PMC5095600 DOI: 10.1038/srep36484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant defense pathways mediate multitrophic interactions above and belowground. Understanding the effects of these pathways on pests and natural enemies above and belowground holds great potential for designing effective control strategies. Here we investigate the effects of aboveground stimulation of plant defense pathways on the interactions between corn, the aboveground herbivore adult Diabrotica speciosa, the belowground herbivore larval D. speciosa, and the subterranean ento-mopathogenic nematode natural enemy Heterorhabditis amazonensis. We show that adult D. speciosa recruit to aboveground herbivory and methyl salicylate treatment, that larval D. speciosa are relatively indiscriminate, and that H. amazonensis en-tomopathogenic nematodes recruit to corn fed upon by adult D. speciosa. These results suggest that entomopathogenicnematodes belowground can be highly attuned to changes in the aboveground parts of plants and that biological control can be enhanced with induced plant defense in this and similar systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Denis S Willett
- Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, 32608, USA
| | | | - Alcides Moino Junior
- Universidade Federal de Lavras, Department of Entomology, Lavras, 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Martin Pareja
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas - UNICAMP, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Campinas, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Larry W Duncan
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Department of Entomology and Nematology, Lake Alfred, 33850, USA
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16
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Kong HG, Kim BK, Song GC, Lee S, Ryu CM. Aboveground Whitefly Infestation-Mediated Reshaping of the Root Microbiota. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1314. [PMID: 27656163 PMCID: PMC5013075 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants respond to various types of herbivore and pathogen attack using well-developed defensive machinery designed for self-protection. Infestation from phloem-sucking insects such as whitefly and aphid on plant leaves was previously shown to influence both the saprophytic and pathogenic bacterial community in the plant rhizosphere. However, the modulation of the root microbial community by plants following insect infestation has been largely unexplored. Only limited studies of culture-dependent bacterial diversity caused by whitefly and aphid have been conducted. In this study, to obtain a complete picture of the belowground microbiome community, we performed high-speed and high-throughput next-generation sequencing. We sampled the rhizosphere soils of pepper seedlings at 0, 1, and 2 weeks after whitefly infestation versus the water control. We amplified a partial 16S ribosomal RNA gene (V1-V3 region) by polymerase chain reaction with specific primers. Our analysis revealed that whitefly infestation reshaped the overall microbiota structure compared to that of the control rhizosphere, even after 1 week of infestation. Examination of the relative abundance distributions of microbes demonstrated that whitefly infestation shifted the proteobacterial groups at week 2. Intriguingly, the population of Pseudomonadales of the class Gammaproteobacteria significantly increased after 2 weeks of whitefly infestation, and the fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. recruited to the rhizosphere were confirmed to exhibit insect-killing capacity. Additionally, three taxa, including Caulobacteraceae, Enterobacteriaceae, and Flavobacteriaceae, and three genera, including Achromobacter, Janthinobacterium, and Stenotrophomonas, were the most abundant bacterial groups in the whitefly infested plant rhizosphere. Our results indicate that whitefly infestation leads to the recruitment of specific groups of rhizosphere bacteria by the plant, which confer beneficial traits to the host plant. This study provides a new framework for investigating how aboveground insect feeding modulates the belowground microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun G. Kong
- Molecular Phytobacteriology Laboratory, Super-Bacteria Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and BiotechnologyDaejeon, South Korea
| | | | - Geun C. Song
- Molecular Phytobacteriology Laboratory, Super-Bacteria Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and BiotechnologyDaejeon, South Korea
| | - Soohyun Lee
- Molecular Phytobacteriology Laboratory, Super-Bacteria Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and BiotechnologyDaejeon, South Korea
| | - Choong-Min Ryu
- Molecular Phytobacteriology Laboratory, Super-Bacteria Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and BiotechnologyDaejeon, South Korea
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17
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Attraction of entomopathogenic nematodes to sugarcane root volatiles under herbivory by a sap-sucking insect. CHEMOECOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00049-016-0207-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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18
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Baetz U. Root Exudates as Integral Part of Belowground Plant Defence. BELOWGROUND DEFENCE STRATEGIES IN PLANTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-42319-7_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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