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Pham TN, Coupey J, Thariat J, Valable S. Lymphocyte radiosensitivity: An extension to the linear-quadratic model? Radiother Oncol 2024; 198:110406. [PMID: 38925262 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2024.110406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The linear-quadratic (LQ) model has been pivotal for evaluating the effects of radiation on cells, but it is primarily characterized by linear responses, which has exhibited limitations when applied to lymphocyte data. The present research aims to address these limitations and to explore an alternative model extended from the conventional LQ model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Literature providing lymphocyte counts from assays investigating apoptosis and survival after in vitro irradiation was selected. To address the nonlinearity in lymphocyte responses to radiation, we developed a saturation model characterized by a negative exponential relationship between radiation dose and cellular response. We compared the performance of this saturation model against that of conventional models, including the LQ model and its variants (linear model LM and linear-quadratic-cubic model LQC), as well as the repair-misrepair (RMR) model. The models were evaluated based on prediction-residual plots, residual standard errors, and the Akaike information criterion (AIC). We applied the saturation model to two additional datasets: (1) a dataset from the existing literature that assessed stimulated and unstimulated human lymphocytes exposed to gamma irradiation in vitro and (2) a novel dataset involving T lymphocytes from rodent spleens after exposure to various radiation types (X-rays and protons). RESULTS The literature (n = 15 out of 2342) showed that lymphocyte apoptosis varies with dose, time and experimental conditions. The saturation model had a lower AIC of 718 compared to the LM, LQ, LQC and RMR models (AIC of 728, 720, 720 and 734, respectively). The saturation model had a lower residual error and more consistent error distribution. Integrating time as a covariate, the saturation model also had a better AIC for demonstrating time-dependent variations in lymphocyte responses after irradiation. For datasets involving unstimulated lymphocytes before irradiation, the saturation model provided a more accurate fit than did the LM, LQ, and RMR models. In these cases, the fit of the saturation model was comparable to that of the LQC model but offered an advantage when extrapolating to higher doses, where the LQC model might underestimate survival. For stimulated lymphocytes, which are radioresistant, all the models approximated the LM. Both the LQ and saturation models indicated greater radiosensitivity to protons in vitro. CONCLUSION The new "saturation model" performed better than the LQ model in quantifying lymphocyte apoptosis and survival, estimating time dependency and assessing the role of radiation modalities or lymphocyte stimulation. Further experiments are warranted to experimentally explore the validity of the saturation model as a promising alternative in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thao-Nguyen Pham
- Université de Caen Normandie, CNRS, Normandie Université, ISTCT UMR6030, GIP CYCERON, F-14000 Caen, France; Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire, UMR6534 IN2P3/ENSICAEN, France - Normandie Université, France
| | - Julie Coupey
- Université de Caen Normandie, CNRS, Normandie Université, ISTCT UMR6030, GIP CYCERON, F-14000 Caen, France
| | - Juliette Thariat
- Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire, UMR6534 IN2P3/ENSICAEN, France - Normandie Université, France; Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre François Baclesse, Caen, Normandy, France.
| | - Samuel Valable
- Université de Caen Normandie, CNRS, Normandie Université, ISTCT UMR6030, GIP CYCERON, F-14000 Caen, France.
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Malouff TD, Newpower M, Bush A, Seneviratne D, Ebner DK. A Practical Primer on Particle Therapy. Pract Radiat Oncol 2024:S1879-8500(24)00137-1. [PMID: 38844118 DOI: 10.1016/j.prro.2024.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Particle therapy is a promising treatment technique that is becoming more commonly used. Although proton beam therapy remains the most commonly used particle therapy, multiple other heavier ions have been used in the preclinical and clinical settings, each with its own unique properties. This practical review aims to summarize the differences between the studied particles, discussing their radiobiological and physical properties with additional review of the available clinical data. METHODS AND MATERIALS A search was carried out on the PubMed databases with search terms related to each particle. Relevant radiobiology, physics, and clinical studies were included. The articles were summarized to provide a practical resource for practicing clinicians. RESULTS A total of 113 articles and texts were included in our narrative review. Currently, proton beam therapy has the most data and is the most widely used, followed by carbon, helium, and neutrons. Although oxygen, neon, silicon, and argon have been used clinically, their future use will likely remain limited as monotherapy. CONCLUSIONS This review summarizes the properties of each of the clinically relevant particles. Protons, helium, and carbon will likely remain the most commonly used, although multi-ion therapy is an emerging technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D Malouff
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
| | - Mark Newpower
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Oklahoma, OU Health Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Aaron Bush
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Danushka Seneviratne
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Oklahoma, OU Health Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Daniel K Ebner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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Purushothaman S, Kostyleva D, Dendooven P, Haettner E, Geissel H, Schuy C, Weber U, Boscolo D, Dickel T, Graeff C, Hornung C, Kazantseva E, Kuzminchuk-Feuerstein N, Mukha I, Pietri S, Roesch H, Tanaka YK, Zhao J, Durante M, Parodi K, Scheidenberger C. Quasi-real-time range monitoring by in-beam PET: a case for 15O. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18788. [PMID: 37914762 PMCID: PMC10620432 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45122-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A fast and reliable range monitoring method is required to take full advantage of the high linear energy transfer provided by therapeutic ion beams like carbon and oxygen while minimizing damage to healthy tissue due to range uncertainties. Quasi-real-time range monitoring using in-beam positron emission tomography (PET) with therapeutic beams of positron-emitters of carbon and oxygen is a promising approach. The number of implanted ions and the time required for an unambiguous range verification are decisive factors for choosing a candidate isotope. An experimental study was performed at the FRS fragment-separator of GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Germany, to investigate the evolution of positron annihilation activity profiles during the implantation of [Formula: see text]O and [Formula: see text]O ion beams in a PMMA phantom. The positron activity profile was imaged by a dual-panel version of a Siemens Biograph mCT PET scanner. Results from a similar experiment using ion beams of carbon positron-emitters [Formula: see text]C and [Formula: see text]C performed at the same experimental setup were used for comparison. Owing to their shorter half-lives, the number of implanted ions required for a precise positron annihilation activity peak determination is lower for [Formula: see text]C compared to [Formula: see text]C and likewise for [Formula: see text]O compared to [Formula: see text]O, but their lower production cross-sections make it difficult to produce them at therapeutically relevant intensities. With a similar production cross-section and a 10 times shorter half-life than [Formula: see text]C, [Formula: see text]O provides a faster conclusive positron annihilation activity peak position determination for a lower number of implanted ions compared to [Formula: see text]C. A figure of merit formulation was developed for the quantitative comparison of therapy-relevant positron-emitting beams in the context of quasi-real-time beam monitoring. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that among the positron emitters of carbon and oxygen, [Formula: see text]O is the most feasible candidate for quasi-real-time range monitoring by in-beam PET that can be produced at therapeutically relevant intensities. Additionally, this study demonstrated that the in-flight production and separation method can produce beams of therapeutic quality, in terms of purity, energy, and energy spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Purushothaman
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - D Kostyleva
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - P Dendooven
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Particle Therapy Research Center (PARTREC), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - E Haettner
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - H Geissel
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
- II. Physikalisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität, Gießen, Germany
| | - C Schuy
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - U Weber
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - D Boscolo
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - T Dickel
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
- II. Physikalisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität, Gießen, Germany
| | - C Graeff
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - C Hornung
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - E Kazantseva
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - I Mukha
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - S Pietri
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - H Roesch
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
- Institute for Nuclear Physics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Y K Tanaka
- RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN, Wako, Japan
| | - J Zhao
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - M Durante
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany.
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - K Parodi
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - C Scheidenberger
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
- II. Physikalisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität, Gießen, Germany
- Helmholtz Forschungsakademie Hessen für FAIR (HFHF), Campus Gießen, Gießen, Germany
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Redmond KJ, Schaub SK, Lo SFL, Khan M, Lubelski D, Bilsky M, Yamada Y, Fehlings M, Gogineni E, Vajkoczy P, Ringel F, Meyer B, Amin AG, Combs SE, Lo SS. Radiotherapy for Mobile Spine and Sacral Chordoma: A Critical Review and Practical Guide from the Spine Tumor Academy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15082359. [PMID: 37190287 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15082359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Chordomas are rare tumors of the embryologic spinal cord remnant. They are locally aggressive and typically managed with surgery and either adjuvant or neoadjuvant radiation therapy. However, there is great variability in practice patterns including radiation type and fractionation regimen, and limited high-level data to drive decision making. The purpose of this manuscript was to summarize the current literature specific to radiotherapy in the management of spine and sacral chordoma and to provide practice recommendations on behalf of the Spine Tumor Academy. A systematic review of the literature was performed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) approach. Medline and Embase databases were utilized. The primary outcome measure was the rate of local control. A detailed review and interpretation of eligible studies is provided in the manuscript tables and text. Recommendations were defined as follows: (1) consensus: approved by >75% of experts; (2) predominant: approved by >50% of experts; (3) controversial: not approved by a majority of experts. Expert consensus supports dose escalation as critical in optimizing local control following radiation therapy for chordoma. In addition, comprehensive target volumes including sites of potential microscopic involvement improve local control compared with focal targets. Level I and high-quality multi-institutional data comparing treatment modalities, sequencing of radiation and surgery, and dose/fractionation schedules are needed to optimize patient outcomes in this locally aggressive malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin J Redmond
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Stephanie K Schaub
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Sheng-Fu Larry Lo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
| | - Majid Khan
- Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Daniel Lubelski
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Mark Bilsky
- Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yoshiya Yamada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Michael Fehlings
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1P5, Canada
| | - Emile Gogineni
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Peter Vajkoczy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charite University Hospital, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian Ringel
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Bernhard Meyer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Technical University of Munich, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Anubhav G Amin
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98115, USA
| | - Stephanie E Combs
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Simon S Lo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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5
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Sai S, Koto M, Yamada S. Basic and translational research on carbon-ion radiobiology. Am J Cancer Res 2023; 13:1-24. [PMID: 36777517 PMCID: PMC9906076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon-ion beam irradiation (IR) has evident advantages over the conventional photon beams in treating tumors. It releases enormous amount of energy in a well-defined range with insignificant scatter in surrounding tissues based on well-localized energy deposition. Over the past 28 years, more than 14,000 patients with various types of cancer have been treated by carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT) with promising results at QST. I have provided an overview of the basic and translational research on carbon-ion radiobiology including mechanisms underlying high linear energy transfer (LET) carbon-ion IR-induced cell death (apoptosis, autophagy, senescence, mitotic catastrophe etc.) and high radiocurability produced by carbon-ion beams in combination with DNA damaging drugs or with molecular-targeted drugs, micro-RNA therapeutics and immunotherapy. Additionally, I have focused on the application of these treatment in human cancer cells, especially cancer stem cells (CSCs). Finally, I have summarized the current studies on the application of basic carbon-ion beam IR according to the cancer types and clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sei Sai
- Department of Charged Particle Therapy Research, Institute of Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST)Chiba, Japan
| | - Masashi Koto
- Department of Charged Particle Therapy Research, Institute of Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST)Chiba, Japan,QST Hospital, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST)Chiba, Japan
| | - Shigeru Yamada
- QST Hospital, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST)Chiba, Japan
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6
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Human mesenchymal stromal cells maintain their stem cell traits after high-LET particle irradiation - Potential implications for particle radiotherapy and manned space missions. Cancer Lett 2022; 524:172-181. [PMID: 34688844 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The influence of high-linear energy transfer (LET) particle radiation on the functionalities of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) is largely unknown. Here, we analyzed the effects of proton (1H), helium (4He), carbon (12C) and oxygen (16O) ions on human bone marrow-MSCs. Cell cycle distribution and apoptosis induction were examined by flow cytometry, and DNA damage was quantified using γH2AX immunofluorescence and Western blots. Relative biological effectiveness values of MSCs amounted to 1.0-1.1 for 1H, 1.7-2.3 for 4He, 2.9-3.4 for 12C and 2.6-3.3 for 16O. Particle radiation did not alter the MSCs' characteristic surface marker pattern, and MSCs maintained their multi-lineage differentiation capabilities. Apoptosis rates ranged low for all radiation modalities. At 24 h after irradiation, particle radiation-induced ATM and CHK2 phosphorylation as well as γH2AX foci numbers returned to baseline levels. The resistance of human MSCs to high-LET irradiation suggests that MSCs remain functional after exposure to moderate doses of particle radiation as seen in normal tissues after particle radiotherapy or during manned space flights. In the future, in vivo models focusing on long-term consequences of particle irradiation on the bone marrow niche and MSCs are needed.
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Averbeck D, Rodriguez-Lafrasse C. Role of Mitochondria in Radiation Responses: Epigenetic, Metabolic, and Signaling Impacts. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011047. [PMID: 34681703 PMCID: PMC8541263 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Until recently, radiation effects have been considered to be mainly due to nuclear DNA damage and their management by repair mechanisms. However, molecular biology studies reveal that the outcomes of exposures to ionizing radiation (IR) highly depend on activation and regulation through other molecular components of organelles that determine cell survival and proliferation capacities. As typical epigenetic-regulated organelles and central power stations of cells, mitochondria play an important pivotal role in those responses. They direct cellular metabolism, energy supply and homeostasis as well as radiation-induced signaling, cell death, and immunological responses. This review is focused on how energy, dose and quality of IR affect mitochondria-dependent epigenetic and functional control at the cellular and tissue level. Low-dose radiation effects on mitochondria appear to be associated with epigenetic and non-targeted effects involved in genomic instability and adaptive responses, whereas high-dose radiation effects (>1 Gy) concern therapeutic effects of radiation and long-term outcomes involving mitochondria-mediated innate and adaptive immune responses. Both effects depend on radiation quality. For example, the increased efficacy of high linear energy transfer particle radiotherapy, e.g., C-ion radiotherapy, relies on the reduction of anastasis, enhanced mitochondria-mediated apoptosis and immunogenic (antitumor) responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dietrich Averbeck
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Radiobiology, PRISME, UMR CNRS 5822/IN2P3, IP2I, Lyon-Sud Medical School, University Lyon 1, 69921 Oullins, France;
- Correspondence:
| | - Claire Rodriguez-Lafrasse
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Radiobiology, PRISME, UMR CNRS 5822/IN2P3, IP2I, Lyon-Sud Medical School, University Lyon 1, 69921 Oullins, France;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Lyon-Sud Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69310 Pierre-Bénite, France
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8
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Wang X, Chen X, Li G, Han X, Gao T, Liu W, Tang X. Application of Carbon Ion and Its Sensitizing Agent in Cancer Therapy: A Systematic Review. Front Oncol 2021; 11:708724. [PMID: 34290989 PMCID: PMC8287631 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.708724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon ion radiation therapy (CIRT) is the most advanced radiation therapy (RT) available and offers new opportunities to improve cancer treatment and research. CIRT has a unique physical and biological advantage that allow them to kill tumor cells more accurately and intensively. So far, CIRT has been used in almost all types of malignant tumors, and showed good feasibility, safety and acceptable toxicity, indicating that CIRT has a wide range of development and application prospects. In addition, in order to improve the biological effect of CIRT, scientists are also trying to investigate related sensitizing agents to enhance the killing ability of tumor cells, which has attracted extensive attention. In this review, we tried to systematically review the rationale, advantages and problems, the clinical applications and the sensitizing agents of the CIRT. At the same time, the prospects of the CIRT in were prospected. We hope that this review will help researchers interested in CIRT, sensitizing agents, and radiotherapy to understand their magic more systematically and faster, and provide data reference and support for bioanalysis, clinical medicine, radiotherapy, heavy ion therapy, and nanoparticle diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Wang
- School of Life Science, Institute of Engineering Medicine, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojun Chen
- School of Life Science, Institute of Engineering Medicine, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Guangfei Li
- School of Life Science, Institute of Engineering Medicine, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Han
- School of Life Science, Institute of Engineering Medicine, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Tianxin Gao
- School of Life Science, Institute of Engineering Medicine, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Weifeng Liu
- School of Life Science, Institute of Engineering Medicine, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoying Tang
- School of Life Science, Institute of Engineering Medicine, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
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Brero F, Albino M, Antoccia A, Arosio P, Avolio M, Berardinelli F, Bettega D, Calzolari P, Ciocca M, Corti M, Facoetti A, Gallo S, Groppi F, Guerrini A, Innocenti C, Lenardi C, Locarno S, Manenti S, Marchesini R, Mariani M, Orsini F, Pignoli E, Sangregorio C, Veronese I, Lascialfari A. Hadron Therapy, Magnetic Nanoparticles and Hyperthermia: A Promising Combined Tool for Pancreatic Cancer Treatment. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10101919. [PMID: 32993001 PMCID: PMC7600442 DOI: 10.3390/nano10101919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A combination of carbon ions/photons irradiation and hyperthermia as a novel therapeutic approach for the in-vitro treatment of pancreatic cancer BxPC3 cells is presented. The radiation doses used are 0–2 Gy for carbon ions and 0–7 Gy for 6 MV photons. Hyperthermia is realized via a standard heating bath, assisted by magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH) that utilizes magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) exposed to an alternating magnetic field of amplitude 19.5 mTesla and frequency 109.8 kHz. Starting from 37 °C, the temperature is gradually increased and the sample is kept at 42 °C for 30 min. For MFH, MNPs with a mean diameter of 19 nm and specific absorption rate of 110 ± 30 W/gFe3o4 coated with a biocompatible ligand to ensure stability in physiological media are used. Irradiation diminishes the clonogenic survival at an extent that depends on the radiation type, and its decrease is amplified both by the MNPs cellular uptake and the hyperthermia protocol. Significant increases in DNA double-strand breaks at 6 h are observed in samples exposed to MNP uptake, treated with 0.75 Gy carbon-ion irradiation and hyperthermia. The proposed experimental protocol, based on the combination of hadron irradiation and hyperthermia, represents a first step towards an innovative clinical option for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Brero
- Dipartimento di Fisica and INFN, Università degli Studi di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.A.); (M.C.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence: (F.B.); (A.L.); Tel.: +39-0382-987-483 (F.B. & A.L.)
| | - Martin Albino
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Firenze and INSTM, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy; (M.A.); (A.G.); (C.I.); (C.S.)
| | - Antonio Antoccia
- Dipartimento di Scienze and INFN, Università Roma Tre, 00146 Roma, Italy; (A.A.); (F.B.)
| | - Paolo Arosio
- Dipartimento di Fisica and INFN, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (P.A.); (D.B.); (P.C.); (S.G.); (C.L.); (S.L.); (R.M.); (F.O.); (I.V.)
| | - Matteo Avolio
- Dipartimento di Fisica and INFN, Università degli Studi di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.A.); (M.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Francesco Berardinelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze and INFN, Università Roma Tre, 00146 Roma, Italy; (A.A.); (F.B.)
| | - Daniela Bettega
- Dipartimento di Fisica and INFN, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (P.A.); (D.B.); (P.C.); (S.G.); (C.L.); (S.L.); (R.M.); (F.O.); (I.V.)
| | - Paola Calzolari
- Dipartimento di Fisica and INFN, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (P.A.); (D.B.); (P.C.); (S.G.); (C.L.); (S.L.); (R.M.); (F.O.); (I.V.)
| | - Mario Ciocca
- Fondazione CNAO, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.C.); (A.F.)
| | - Maurizio Corti
- Dipartimento di Fisica and INFN, Università degli Studi di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.A.); (M.C.); (M.M.)
| | | | - Salvatore Gallo
- Dipartimento di Fisica and INFN, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (P.A.); (D.B.); (P.C.); (S.G.); (C.L.); (S.L.); (R.M.); (F.O.); (I.V.)
| | - Flavia Groppi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano and INFN, Lab. LASA, 20090 Segrate (MI), Italy; (F.G.); (S.M.)
| | - Andrea Guerrini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Firenze and INSTM, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy; (M.A.); (A.G.); (C.I.); (C.S.)
| | - Claudia Innocenti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Firenze and INSTM, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy; (M.A.); (A.G.); (C.I.); (C.S.)
- ICCOM-CNR, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Cristina Lenardi
- Dipartimento di Fisica and INFN, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (P.A.); (D.B.); (P.C.); (S.G.); (C.L.); (S.L.); (R.M.); (F.O.); (I.V.)
- C.I.Ma.I.Na., Centro Interdisciplinare Materiali e Interfacce Nanostrutturati, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Locarno
- Dipartimento di Fisica and INFN, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (P.A.); (D.B.); (P.C.); (S.G.); (C.L.); (S.L.); (R.M.); (F.O.); (I.V.)
| | - Simone Manenti
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano and INFN, Lab. LASA, 20090 Segrate (MI), Italy; (F.G.); (S.M.)
| | - Renato Marchesini
- Dipartimento di Fisica and INFN, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (P.A.); (D.B.); (P.C.); (S.G.); (C.L.); (S.L.); (R.M.); (F.O.); (I.V.)
| | - Manuel Mariani
- Dipartimento di Fisica and INFN, Università degli Studi di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.A.); (M.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Francesco Orsini
- Dipartimento di Fisica and INFN, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (P.A.); (D.B.); (P.C.); (S.G.); (C.L.); (S.L.); (R.M.); (F.O.); (I.V.)
| | - Emanuele Pignoli
- Fondazione IRCSS Istituto Nazionale dei tumori, 20133 Milano, Italy;
| | - Claudio Sangregorio
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Firenze and INSTM, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy; (M.A.); (A.G.); (C.I.); (C.S.)
- ICCOM-CNR, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Firenze, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Ivan Veronese
- Dipartimento di Fisica and INFN, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (P.A.); (D.B.); (P.C.); (S.G.); (C.L.); (S.L.); (R.M.); (F.O.); (I.V.)
| | - Alessandro Lascialfari
- Dipartimento di Fisica and INFN, Università degli Studi di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.A.); (M.C.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence: (F.B.); (A.L.); Tel.: +39-0382-987-483 (F.B. & A.L.)
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10
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Mein S, Klein C, Kopp B, Magro G, Harrabi S, Karger CP, Haberer T, Debus J, Abdollahi A, Dokic I, Mairani A. Assessment of RBE-Weighted Dose Models for Carbon Ion Therapy Toward Modernization of Clinical Practice at HIT: In Vitro, in Vivo, and in Patients. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020; 108:779-791. [PMID: 32504659 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Present-day treatment planning in carbon ion therapy is conducted with assumptions for a limited number of tissue types and models for effective dose. Here, we comprehensively assess relative biological effectiveness (RBE) in carbon ion therapy and associated models toward the modernization of current clinical practice in effective dose calculation. METHODS Using 2 human (A549, H460) and 2 mouse (B16, Renca) tumor cell lines, clonogenic cell survival assay was performed for examination of changes in RBE along the full range of clinical-like spread-out Bragg peak (SOBP) fields. Prediction power of the local effect model (LEM1 and LEM4) and the modified microdosimetric kinetic model (mMKM) was assessed. Experimentation and analysis were carried out in the frame of a multidimensional end point study for clinically relevant ranges of physical dose (D), dose-averaged linear energy transfer (LETd), and base-line photon radio-sensitivity (α/β)x. Additionally, predictions were compared against previously reported RBE measurements in vivo and surveyed in patient cases. RESULTS RBE model prediction performance varied among the investigated perspectives, with mMKM prediction exhibiting superior agreement with measurements both in vitro and in vivo across the 3 investigated end points. LEM1 and LEM4 performed their best in the highest LET conditions but yielded overestimations and underestimations in low/midrange LET conditions, respectively, as demonstrated by comparison with measurements. Additionally, the analysis of patient treatment plans revealed substantial variability across the investigated models (±20%-30% uncertainty), largely dependent on the selected model and absolute values for input tissue parameters αx and βx. CONCLUSION RBE dependencies in vitro, in vivo, and in silico were investigated with respect to various clinically relevant end points in the context of tumor-specific tissue radio-sensitivity assignment and accurate RBE modeling. Discovered model trends and performances advocate upgrading current treatment planning schemes in carbon ion therapy and call for verification via clinical outcome analysis with large patient cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stewart Mein
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Translational Radiation Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Molecular and Translational Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg Faculty of Medicine and Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center, Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium Core-Center Heidelberg, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Unit Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology, National Center for Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Carmen Klein
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Translational Radiation Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Molecular and Translational Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg Faculty of Medicine and Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center, Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium Core-Center Heidelberg, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Unit Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology, National Center for Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Benedikt Kopp
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Translational Radiation Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Molecular and Translational Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg Faculty of Medicine and Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center, Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium Core-Center Heidelberg, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Unit Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology, National Center for Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Magro
- National Centre of Oncological Hadrontherapy, Medical Physics, Pavia, Italy
| | - Semi Harrabi
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology, National Center for Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian P Karger
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Translational Radiation Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Medical Physics in Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Haberer
- Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Debus
- German Cancer Consortium Core-Center Heidelberg, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Unit Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology, National Center for Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Heidelberg University, Germany; National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Amir Abdollahi
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Translational Radiation Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Molecular and Translational Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg Faculty of Medicine and Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center, Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium Core-Center Heidelberg, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Unit Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology, National Center for Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ivana Dokic
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Translational Radiation Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Molecular and Translational Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg Faculty of Medicine and Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center, Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium Core-Center Heidelberg, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Unit Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology, National Center for Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Andrea Mairani
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Translational Radiation Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; National Centre of Oncological Hadrontherapy, Medical Physics, Pavia, Italy; Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Zaichkina SI, Rozanova OM, Smirnova EN, Dyukina AR, Belyakova TA, Strelnikova NS, Sorokina SS, Pikalov VA. Assessment of the Biological Efficiency of 450 MeV/Nucleon Accelerated Carbon Ions in the U-70 Accelerator According to the Criterion of Mouse Survival. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s000635091906023x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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12
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Dell’Oro M, Short M, Wilson P, Bezak E. Clinical Limitations of Photon, Proton and Carbon Ion Therapy for Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12010163. [PMID: 31936565 PMCID: PMC7017270 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Despite improvements in radiation therapy, chemotherapy and surgical procedures over the last 30 years, pancreatic cancer 5-year survival rate remains at 9%. Reduced stroma permeability and heterogeneous blood supply to the tumour prevent chemoradiation from making a meaningful impact on overall survival. Hypoxia-activated prodrugs are the latest strategy to reintroduce oxygenation to radioresistant cells harbouring in pancreatic cancer. This paper reviews the current status of photon and particle radiation therapy for pancreatic cancer in combination with systemic therapies and hypoxia activators. Methods: The current effectiveness of management of pancreatic cancer was systematically evaluated from MEDLINE® database search in April 2019. Results: Limited published data suggest pancreatic cancer patients undergoing carbon ion therapy and proton therapy achieve a comparable median survival time (25.1 months and 25.6 months, respectively) and 1-year overall survival rate (84% and 77.8%). Inconsistencies in methodology, recording parameters and protocols have prevented the safety and technical aspects of particle therapy to be fully defined yet. Conclusion: There is an increasing requirement to tackle unmet clinical demands of pancreatic cancer, particularly the lack of synergistic therapies in the advancing space of radiation oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikaela Dell’Oro
- Cancer Research Institute and School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide SA 5001, Australia; (M.S.); (E.B.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-435214264
| | - Michala Short
- Cancer Research Institute and School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide SA 5001, Australia; (M.S.); (E.B.)
| | - Puthenparampil Wilson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia;
- School of Engineering, University of South Australia, Adelaide SA 5001, Australia
| | - Eva Bezak
- Cancer Research Institute and School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide SA 5001, Australia; (M.S.); (E.B.)
- Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia
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13
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Hasse FC, Koerber SA, Prigge ES, Liermann J, von Knebel Doeberitz M, Debus J, Sterzing F. Overcoming radioresistance in WiDr cells with heavy ion irradiation and radiosensitization by 2-deoxyglucose with photon irradiation. Clin Transl Radiat Oncol 2019; 19:52-58. [PMID: 31517070 PMCID: PMC6733777 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctro.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
2-DG acts as a radiosensitizer to photons depending on the time of its application. There is no sensitization to 12C irradiation by 2-DG. 12C combination therapy still has the higher dose effectiveness.
Background and purpose Radiosensitizers and heavy ion irradiation could improve therapy for female patients with malignant tumors located in the pelvic region through dose reduction. Aim of the study was to investigate the radiosensitizing potential of 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG) in combination with carbon ion-irradiation (12C) in representative cell lines of cancer in the female pelvic region. Materials and methods The human cervix carcinoma cell line CaSki and the colorectal carcinoma cell line WiDr were used. 2-DG was employed in two different settings, pretreatment and treatment simultaneous to irradiation. Clonogenic survival, α and β values for application of the linear quadratic model and relative biological effectiveness (RBE) were determined. ANOVA tests were used for statistical group comparison. Isobolograms were generated for curve comparisons. Results The comparison of monotherapy with 12C versus photons yielded RBE values of 2.4 for CaSki and 3.5 for WiDr along with a significant increase of α values in the 12C setting. 2-DG monotherapy reduced the colony formation of both cell lines. Radiosensitization was found in WiDr for the combination of photon irradiation with synchronous application of 2-DG. The same setup for 12C showed no radiosensitization, but rather an additive effect. In all settings with CaSki, the combination of irradiation and 2-DG exhibited additive properties. Conclusion The combination of 2-DG and photon therapy, as well as irradiation with carbon ions can overcome radioresistance of tumor cells such as WiDr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Christian Hasse
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Alexander Koerber
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elena Sophie Prigge
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jakob Liermann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Magnus von Knebel Doeberitz
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Juergen Debus
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian Sterzing
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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14
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Aninditha KP, Weber KJ, Brons S, Debus J, Hauswald H. In vitro sensitivity of malignant melanoma cells lines to photon and heavy ion radiation. Clin Transl Radiat Oncol 2019; 17:51-56. [PMID: 31211251 PMCID: PMC6562297 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctro.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Superior proliferation inhibiting effects of heavy ions compared to photons. Increased G2/M arrest on heavy ion radiation compared to photon irradiation. Heavy ions might overcome radioresistance in malignant melanoma cells.
Background The role of radiotherapy in malignant melanoma is still in discussion due to its relative resistance to radiation. In various literature, heavy ions show a higher relative biological effectiveness than photons. The aim of this work is to evaluate the radiotherapeutical effect from photons as well as heavy ions on malignant melanoma cells and to indicate the possible radiosensitivity based on its proliferation-inhibitory effect. Methods Two different cell lines of malignant melanoma, WM115 (primary tumor) and WM266-4 (metastatic site, skin) were used in this in vitro study. The cells were treated with photons or heavy ions (C12 and O16 ions). Cell-proliferation assay using hemocytometer was used for the quantitative and qualitative evaluation of cell growth. Furthermore, flow cytometry was also used to analyze the cell cycle distribution. Results Heavy ions compared to photons and between the two heavy ion modalities, O16 ions showed an improved suppression of cell growth in both cell lines. Furthermore, a G2/M arrest was detected in both cell lines after all radiotherapy modalities – with the arrest increasing with the dose applied. Conclusion Heavy ions showed a greater inhibitory effect on cell proliferation compared to photons and an increased G2/M arrest. Therefore, C12 and O16 heavy ions might overcome the relative radioresistance of malignant melanoma to photons. Further research is warranted.
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Key Words
- Cell experiment
- DMEM, Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s Medium
- DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid
- EDTA, ethylendiamin-tetraacetate
- FCS, fetal calf serum
- HIT, Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Centre
- In vitro
- Ion beam therapy
- KeV, kilo electron volt
- LET, linear energy transfer
- MM, malignant melanoma
- Malignant melanoma
- MeV, mega electron volt
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- Particle beam therapy
- RBE, relative biological effectiveness
- RNA, ribonucleic acid
- RT, radiotherapy
- Radiotherapy
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Affiliation(s)
- K P Aninditha
- Heidelberg University Hospital, Department of Radiation Oncology, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology (NCRO), Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology (HIRO), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K J Weber
- Heidelberg University Hospital, Department of Radiation Oncology, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology (NCRO), Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology (HIRO), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Brons
- Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Im Neuenheimer Feld 450, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology (NCRO), Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology (HIRO), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Debus
- Heidelberg University Hospital, Department of Radiation Oncology, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Im Neuenheimer Feld 450, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology (NCRO), Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology (HIRO), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit E050, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,DKTK Site Heidelberg, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H Hauswald
- Heidelberg University Hospital, Department of Radiation Oncology, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Im Neuenheimer Feld 450, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology (NCRO), Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology (HIRO), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit E050, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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15
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The Role of Particle Therapy for the Treatment of Skull Base Tumors and Tumors of the Central Nervous System (CNS). Top Magn Reson Imaging 2019; 28:49-61. [PMID: 31022048 DOI: 10.1097/rmr.0000000000000197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Radiation therapy (RT) is a mainstay in the interdisciplinary treatment of brain tumors of the skull base and brain. Technical innovations during the past 2 decades have allowed for increasingly precise treatment with better sparing of adjacent healthy tissues to prevent treatment-related side effects that influence patients' quality of life. Particle therapy with protons and charged ions offer favorable kinetics with sharp dose deposition in a well-defined depth (Bragg-Peak) and a steep radiation fall-off beyond that maximum. This review highlights the role of particle therapy in the management of primary brain tumors and tumors of the skull base.
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16
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Apisarnthanarax S, Bowen SR, Combs SE. Proton Beam Therapy and Carbon Ion Radiotherapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Semin Radiat Oncol 2018; 28:309-320. [PMID: 30309641 DOI: 10.1016/j.semradonc.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Charged particle therapy with proton beam therapy (PBT) and carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT) has emerged as a promising radiation modality to minimize radiation hepatotoxicity while maintaining high rates of tumor local control. Both PBT and CIRT deposit the majority of their dose at the Bragg peak with little to no exit dose, resulting in superior sparing of normal liver tissue. CIRT has an additional biological advantage of increased relative biological effectiveness, which may allow for increased hypofractionation regimens. Retrospective and prospective studies have demonstrated encouragingly high rates of local control and overall survival and low rates of hepatotoxicity with PBT and CIRT. Ongoing randomized trials will evaluate the value of PBT over photons and other standard liver-directed therapies and future randomized trials are needed to assess the value of CIRT over PBT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephen R Bowen
- Departments of Radiation Oncology and Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Stephanie E Combs
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Rechts der Isar, Technical University München, Munich, Germany; Institute of Innovative Radiotherapy, Helmholtzzentrum München, Munich, Germany
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17
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Mohamad O, Yamada S, Durante M. Clinical Indications for Carbon Ion Radiotherapy. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2018; 30:317-329. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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18
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Ilicic K, Combs SE, Schmid TE. New insights in the relative radiobiological effectiveness of proton irradiation. Radiat Oncol 2018; 13:6. [PMID: 29338744 PMCID: PMC5771069 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-018-0954-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proton radiotherapy is a form of charged particle therapy that is preferentially applied for the treatment of tumors positioned near to critical structures due to their physical characteristics, showing an inverted depth-dose profile. The sparing of normal tissue has additional advantages in the treatment of pediatric patients, in whom the risk of secondary cancers and late morbidity is significantly higher. Up to date, a fixed relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of 1.1 is commonly implemented in treatment planning systems with protons in order to correct the physical dose. This value of 1.1 comes from averaging the results of numerous in vitro experiments, mostly conducted in the middle of the spread-out Bragg peak, where RBE is relatively constant. However, the use of a constant RBE value disregards the experimental evidence which clearly demonstrates complex RBE dependency on dose, cell- or tissue type, linear energy transfer and biological endpoints. In recent years, several in vitro studies indicate variations in RBE of protons which translate to an uncertainty in the biological effective dose delivery to the patient. Particularly for regions surrounding the Bragg peak, the more localized pattern of energy deposition leads to more complex DNA lesions. These RBE variations of protons bring the validity of using a constant RBE into question. MAIN BODY This review analyzes how RBE depends on the dose, different biological endpoints and physical properties. Further, this review gives an overview of the new insights based on findings made during the last years investigating the variation of RBE with depth in the spread out Bragg peak and the underlying differences in radiation response on the molecular and cellular levels between proton and photon irradiation. Research groups such as the Klinische Forschergruppe Schwerionentherapie funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG, KFO 214) have included work on this topic and the present manuscript highlights parts of the preclinical work and summarizes the research activities in this context. SHORT CONCLUSION In summary, there is an urgent need for more coordinated in vitro and in vivo experiments that concentrate on a realistic dose range of in clinically relevant tissues like lung or spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ilicic
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675, München, Germany.,Institute of Innovative Radiotherapy, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - S E Combs
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675, München, Germany.,Institute of Innovative Radiotherapy, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.,Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - T E Schmid
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675, München, Germany. .,Institute of Innovative Radiotherapy, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.
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Dreher C, Habermehl D, Jäkel O, Combs SE. Effective radiotherapeutic treatment intensification in patients with pancreatic cancer: higher doses alone, higher RBE or both? Radiat Oncol 2017; 12:203. [PMID: 29282139 PMCID: PMC5745986 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-017-0945-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer, especially in case of locally advanced stage has a poor prognosis. Radiotherapy in general can lead to tumor volume reduction, but further improvements, such as ion beam therapy have to be promoted in order to enable dose escalation, which in turn results in better local control rates and downsizing of the tumor itself. Ion beam therapy with its highly promising physical properties is also accompanied by distinct inter- and intrafractional challenges in case of robustness. First clinical results are promising, but further research in motion mitigation and biological treatment planning is necessary, in order to determine the best clinical rationales and conditions of ion beam therapy of pancreatic cancer. This review summarizes the current knowledge and studies on ion beam therapy of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantin Dreher
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich (TUM), Ismaninger Str. 22 Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Habermehl
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich (TUM), Ismaninger Str. 22 Munich, Germany
- Department of Radiation Sciences (DRS), Institute of Innovative Radiotherapy (iRT), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Oberschleißheim, Germany
- Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung (DKTK), Partner Site München, München, Germany
| | - Oliver Jäkel
- Department of Medical Physics in Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center, INF, 280 Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Ion Beam Therapy Center (HIT), INF 450, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephanie E. Combs
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich (TUM), Ismaninger Str. 22 Munich, Germany
- Department of Radiation Sciences (DRS), Institute of Innovative Radiotherapy (iRT), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Oberschleißheim, Germany
- Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung (DKTK), Partner Site München, München, Germany
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Wang Y, Chang J, Li X, Pathak R, Sridharan V, Jones T, Mao XW, Nelson G, Boerma M, Hauer-Jensen M, Zhou D, Shao L. Low doses of oxygen ion irradiation cause long-term damage to bone marrow hematopoietic progenitor and stem cells in mice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189466. [PMID: 29232383 PMCID: PMC5726652 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
During deep space missions, astronauts will be exposed to low doses of charged particle irradiation. The long-term health effects of these exposures are largely unknown. We previously showed that low doses of oxygen ion (16O) irradiation induced acute damage to the hematopoietic system, including hematopoietic progenitor and stem cells in a mouse model. However, the chronic effects of low dose 16O irradiation remain undefined. In the current study, we investigated the long-term effects of low dose 16O irradiation on the mouse hematopoietic system. Male C57BL/6J mice were exposed to 0.05 Gy, 0.1 Gy, 0.25 Gy and 1.0 Gy whole body 16O (600 MeV/n) irradiation. The effects of 16O irradiation on bone marrow (BM) hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) were examined three months after the exposure. The results showed that the frequencies and numbers of BM HPCs and HSCs were significantly reduced in 0.1 Gy, 0.25 Gy and 1.0 Gy irradiated mice compared to 0.05 Gy irradiated and non-irradiated mice. Exposure of mice to low dose 16O irradiation also significantly reduced the clongenic function of BM HPCs determined by the colony-forming unit assay. The functional defect of irradiated HSCs was detected by cobblestone area-forming cell assay after exposure of mice to 0.1 Gy, 0.25 Gy and 1.0 Gy of 16O irradiation, while it was not seen at three months after 0.5 Gy and 1.0 Gy of γ-ray irradiation. These adverse effects of 16O irradiation on HSCs coincided with an increased intracellular production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, there were comparable levels of cellular apoptosis and DNA damage between irradiated and non-irradiated HPCs and HSCs. These data suggest that exposure to low doses of 16O irradiation induces long-term hematopoietic injury, primarily via increased ROS production in HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Wang
- Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States of America
| | - Jianhui Chang
- Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States of America
| | - Xin Li
- Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States of America
| | - Rupak Pathak
- Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States of America
| | - Vijayalakshmi Sridharan
- Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States of America
| | - Tamako Jones
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Radiation Research, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States of America
| | - Xiao Wen Mao
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Radiation Research, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States of America
| | - Gregory Nelson
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Radiation Research, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States of America
| | - Marjan Boerma
- Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States of America
| | - Martin Hauer-Jensen
- Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States of America
| | - Daohong Zhou
- Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States of America
| | - Lijian Shao
- Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Sokol O, Scifoni E, Tinganelli W, Kraft-Weyrather W, Wiedemann J, Maier A, Boscolo D, Friedrich T, Brons S, Durante M, Krämer M. Oxygen beams for therapy: advanced biological treatment planning and experimental verification. Phys Med Biol 2017; 62:7798-7813. [PMID: 28841579 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aa88a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays there is a rising interest towards exploiting new therapeutical beams beyond carbon ions and protons. In particular, [Formula: see text]O ions are being widely discussed due to their increased LET distribution. In this contribution, we report on the first experimental verification of biologically optimized treatment plans, accounting for different biological effects, generated with the TRiP98 planning system with [Formula: see text]O beams, performed at HIT and GSI. This implies the measurements of 3D profiles of absorbed dose as well as several biological measurements. The latter includes the measurements of relative biological effectiveness along the range of linear energy transfer values from ≈20 up to ≈750 keV μ [Formula: see text], oxygen enhancement ratio values and the verification of the kill-painting approach, to overcome hypoxia, with a phantom imitating an unevenly oxygenated target. With the present implementation, our treatment planning system is able to perform a comparative analysis of different ions, according to any given condition of the target. For the particular cases of low target oxygenation, [Formula: see text]O ions demonstrate a higher peak-to-entrance dose ratio for the same cell killing in the target region compared to [Formula: see text]C ions. Based on this phenomenon, we performed a short computational analysis to reveal the potential range of treatment plans, where [Formula: see text]O can benefit over lighter modalities. It emerges that for more hypoxic target regions (partial oxygen pressure of ≈0.15% or lower) and relatively low doses (≈4 Gy or lower) the choice of [Formula: see text]O over [Formula: see text]C or [Formula: see text]He may be justified.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Sokol
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstr. 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
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22
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Dewey S, Burigo L, Pshenichnov I, Mishustin I, Bleicher M. Lateral variations of radiobiological properties of therapeutic fields of 1H, 4He, 12C and 16O ions studied with Geant4 and microdosimetric kinetic model. Phys Med Biol 2017; 62:5884-5907. [PMID: 28557800 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aa75b2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
As known, in cancer therapy with ion beams the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of ions changes in the course of their propagation in tissues. Such changes are caused not only by increasing the linear energy transfer (LET) of beam particles with the penetration depth towards the Bragg peak, but also by nuclear reactions induced by beam nuclei leading to the production of various secondary particles. Although the changes of RBE along the beam axis have been studied quite well, much less attention has been paid to the evolution of RBE in the transverse direction, perpendicular to the beam axis. In order to fill this gap, we simulated radiation fields of 1H, 4He, 12C and 16O nuclei of 20 mm in diameter by means of a Geant4-based Monte Carlo model for heavy-ion therapy connected with the modified microdosimetric kinetic model to describe the response of normal ([Formula: see text] Gy) and early-responding ([Formula: see text] Gy) tissues. Depth and radial distributions of saturation-corrected dose-mean lineal energy, RBE and RBE-weighted dose are investigated for passive beam shaping and active beam scanning. The field of 4He has a small lateral spread as compared with 1H field, and it is characterised by a modest lateral variation of RBE suggesting the use of fixed RBE values across the field transverse cross section at each depth. Reduced uncertainties of RBE on the boundary of a 4He treatment field can be advantageous in a specific case of an organ at risk located in lateral proximity to the target volume. It is found that the lateral distributions of RBE calculated for 12C and 16O fields demonstrate fast variations in the radial direction due to changes of dose and composition of secondary fragments in the field penumbra. Nevertheless, the radiation fields of all four projectiles at radii larger than 20 mm can be characterized by a common RBE value defined by tissue radiosensitivity. These findings can help, in particular, in accessing the transverse homogeneity of radiation fields of ions used in studies in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Dewey
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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23
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Dehne S, Fritz C, Rieken S, Baris D, Brons S, Haberer T, Debus J, Weber KJ, Schmid TE, Combs SE, Habermehl D. Combination of Photon and Carbon Ion Irradiation with Targeted Therapy Substances Temsirolimus and Gemcitabine in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Lines. Front Oncol 2017; 7:35. [PMID: 28348976 PMCID: PMC5346564 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This work investigates on putative cytotoxic effects in four different hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines after irradiation with photons or carbon ions in combination with new targeted molecular therapy using either Temsirolimus (TEM) or Gemcitabine (GEM). Methods and materials The HCC cell lines HepG2, Hep3B, HuH7, and PLC were cultured and irradiated with photons or carbon ions at the Heidelberg Ion Beam Therapy Center using the raster-scanning method. For combination experiments, cell lines were first treated with Temsirolimus or GEM before irradiation. Cytotoxicity was measured by a clonogenic survival assay. The evaluation of the experiments and the obtained survival curves were based on the concept of additivity defined by Steel and Peckham. Results The results for the combination of carbon ions and both tested systemic substances TEM and GEM showed independent toxicities in all four cell lines. Supra-additive effects were observed in PLC cells for photon irradiation combined either with TEM or GEM and in HuH7 cells for the combination of photons with TEM. Conclusion Addition of targeted therapy substances Temsirolimus and GEM to photon irradiation showed additive cytotoxicity in HCC cell lines, whereas independent toxicities where reached by the combination of carbon ions to these substances. It can be assumed that combining 12C with systemic substances only has independent effects because heavy ions cause direct damage because of their high-LET character resulting in complex and clustered double-strand breaks. Nonetheless, further investigations are warranted in order to determine whether addition of systemic therapy allows a reduction of radiation doses in combination therapy. This could possibly lead to better responses and tolerances in patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Dehne
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Clarissa Fritz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Stefan Rieken
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Daniela Baris
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Stephan Brons
- Heidelberg Ion Beam Therapy Center (HIT) , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Thomas Haberer
- Heidelberg Ion Beam Therapy Center (HIT) , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Jürgen Debus
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Klaus-Josef Weber
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Thomas E Schmid
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München , Munich , Germany
| | - Stephanie E Combs
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München , Munich , Germany
| | - Daniel Habermehl
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München , Munich , Germany
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Grasso R, Abe T, Cirrone GAP, Cuttone G, Gulino M, Musumeci F, Romano F, Ryuto H, Scordino A. Effects of Ion Irradiation on Seedlings Growth Monitored by Ultraweak Delayed Luminescence. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167998. [PMID: 27936220 PMCID: PMC5148067 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The optical technique based on the measurement of delayed luminescence emitted from the biological samples has demonstrated its ability to provide valid and predictive information on the functional status of various biological systems. We want to extend this technique to study the effect of ionizing radiation on biological systems. In particular we are interested in the action of ion beams, used for therapeutic purposes or to increase the biological diversity. In general, the assessment of the damage that radiation produces both in the target objects and in the surrounding tissues, requires considerable time because is based on biochemical analysis or on the examination of the evolution of the irradiated systems. The delayed luminescence technique could help to simplify this investigation. We have so started our studies performing irradiations of some relatively simple vegetable models. In this paper we report results obtained from mung bean (Vigna radiata) seeds submitted to a 12C ion beam at the energy of 62 MeV/nucleon. The dry seeds were irradiated at doses from 50 to 7000 Gy. The photoinduced delayed luminescence of each seed before and after ion irradiation was measured. The growth of seedlings after irradiation was compared with that of untreated seeds. A growth reduction on increasing the dose was registered. The results show strong correlations between the ion irradiation dose, seeds growth and delayed luminescence intensity. In particular, the delayed luminescence intensity is correlated by a logistic function to the seedlings elongation and, after performing a suitable measurement campaign based on blind tests, it could become a tool able to predict the growth of seeds after ion irradiation. Moreover these results demonstrate that measurements of delayed luminescence could be used as a fast and non-invasive technique to check the effects of ion beams on relatively simple biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Grasso
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Catania University, Catania, Italy
- Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare - Catania, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Tomoko Abe
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | | | - Giacomo Cuttone
- Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare - Catania, Italy
| | - Marisa Gulino
- Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare - Catania, Italy
- Facoltà di Ingegneria e Architettura, Università di Enna Kore, Enna, Italy
| | - Francesco Musumeci
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Catania University, Catania, Italy
- Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare - Catania, Italy
| | - Francesco Romano
- Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare - Catania, Italy
| | - Hiromichi Ryuto
- Photonics and Electronics Science and Engineering Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Agata Scordino
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Catania University, Catania, Italy
- Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare - Catania, Italy
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25
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Low Doses of Oxygen Ion Irradiation Cause Acute Damage to Hematopoietic Cells in Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158097. [PMID: 27367604 PMCID: PMC4930193 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the major health risks to astronauts is radiation on long-duration space missions. Space radiation from sun and galactic cosmic rays consists primarily of 85% protons, 14% helium nuclei and 1% high-energy high-charge (HZE) particles, such as oxygen (16O), carbon, silicon, and iron ions. HZE particles exhibit dense linear tracks of ionization associated with clustered DNA damage and often high relative biological effectiveness (RBE). Therefore, new knowledge of risks from HZE particle exposures must be obtained. In the present study, we investigated the acute effects of low doses of 16O irradiation on the hematopoietic system. Specifically, we exposed C57BL/6J mice to 0.1, 0.25 and 1.0 Gy whole body 16O (600 MeV/n) irradiation and examined the effects on peripheral blood (PB) cells, and bone marrow (BM) hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) at two weeks after the exposure. The results showed that the numbers of white blood cells, lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils and platelets were significantly decreased in PB after exposure to 1.0 Gy, but not to 0.1 or 0.25 Gy. However, both the frequency and number of HPCs and HSCs were reduced in a radiation dose-dependent manner in comparison to un-irradiated controls. Furthermore, HPCs and HSCs from irradiated mice exhibited a significant reduction in clonogenic function determined by the colony-forming and cobblestone area-forming cell assays. These acute adverse effects of 16O irradiation on HSCs coincided with an increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), enhanced cell cycle entry of quiescent HSCs, and increased DNA damage. However, none of the 16O exposures induced apoptosis in HSCs. These data suggest that exposure to low doses of 16O irradiation induces acute BM injury in a dose-dependent manner primarily via increasing ROS production, cell cycling, and DNA damage in HSCs. This finding may aid in developing novel strategies in the protection of the hematopoietic system from space radiation.
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26
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Held KD, Kawamura H, Kaminuma T, Paz AES, Yoshida Y, Liu Q, Willers H, Takahashi A. Effects of Charged Particles on Human Tumor Cells. Front Oncol 2016; 6:23. [PMID: 26904502 PMCID: PMC4751258 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of charged particle therapy in cancer treatment is growing rapidly, in large part because the exquisite dose localization of charged particles allows for higher radiation doses to be given to tumor tissue while normal tissues are exposed to lower doses and decreased volumes of normal tissues are irradiated. In addition, charged particles heavier than protons have substantial potential clinical advantages because of their additional biological effects, including greater cell killing effectiveness, decreased radiation resistance of hypoxic cells in tumors, and reduced cell cycle dependence of radiation response. These biological advantages depend on many factors, such as endpoint, cell or tissue type, dose, dose rate or fractionation, charged particle type and energy, and oxygen concentration. This review summarizes the unique biological advantages of charged particle therapy and highlights recent research and areas of particular research needs, such as quantification of relative biological effectiveness (RBE) for various tumor types and radiation qualities, role of genetic background of tumor cells in determining response to charged particles, sensitivity of cancer stem-like cells to charged particles, role of charged particles in tumors with hypoxic fractions, and importance of fractionation, including use of hypofractionation, with charged particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn D Held
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA , USA
| | - Hidemasa Kawamura
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, Gunma, Japan; Department of Radiation Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Takuya Kaminuma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, Gunma, Japan; Department of Radiation Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | | | - Yukari Yoshida
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center , Gunma , Japan
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA , USA
| | - Henning Willers
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA , USA
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Helm A, Lee R, Durante M, Ritter S. The Influence of C-Ions and X-rays on Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells. Front Oncol 2016; 6:5. [PMID: 26835420 PMCID: PMC4718996 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Damage to the endothelium of blood vessels, which may occur during radiotherapy, is discussed as a potential precursor to the development of cardiovascular disease. We thus chose human umbilical vein endothelial cells as a model system to examine the effect of low- and high-linear energy transfer (LET) radiation. Cells were exposed to 250 kV X-rays or carbon ions (C-ions) with the energies of either 9.8 MeV/u (LET = 170 keV/μm) or 91 MeV/u (LET = 28 keV/μm). Subculture of cells was performed regularly up to 46 days (~22 population doublings) post-irradiation. Immediately after exposure, cells were seeded for the colony forming assay. Additionally, at regular intervals, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) (JC-1 staining) and cellular senescence (senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining) were assessed. Cytogenetic damage was investigated by the micronucleus assay and the high-resolution multiplex fluorescence in situ hybridization (mFISH) technique. Analysis of radiation-induced damage shortly after exposure showed that C-ions are more effective than X-rays with respect to cell inactivation or the induction of cytogenetic damage (micronucleus assay) as observed in other cell systems. For 9.8 and 91 MeV/u C-ions, relative biological effectiveness values of 2.4 and 1.5 were obtained for cell inactivation. At the subsequent time points, the number of micronucleated cells decreased to the control level. Analysis of chromosomal damage by mFISH technique revealed aberrations frequently involving chromosome 13 irrespective of dose or radiation quality. Disruption of the MMP was seen only a few days after exposure to X-rays or C-ions. Cellular senescence was not altered by radiation at any time point investigated. Altogether, our data indicate that shortly after exposure C-ions were more effective in damaging endothelial cells than X-rays. However, late damage to endothelial cells was not found for the applied conditions and endpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Helm
- Department of Biophysics, GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research , Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Ryonfa Lee
- Department of Biophysics, GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research , Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Marco Durante
- Department of Biophysics, GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research, Darmstadt, Germany; Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Sylvia Ritter
- Department of Biophysics, GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research , Darmstadt , Germany
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Helm A, Arrizabalaga O, Pignalosa D, Schroeder IS, Durante M, Ritter S. Ionizing Radiation Impacts on Cardiac Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2016; 25:178-88. [PMID: 26506910 PMCID: PMC4733326 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2015.0260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the effects of ionizing radiation on the earliest stages of embryonic development although it is well recognized that ionizing radiation is a natural part of our environment and further exposure may occur due to medical applications. The current study addresses this issue using D3 mouse embryonic stem cells as a model system. Cells were irradiated with either X-rays or carbon ions representing sparsely and densely ionizing radiation and their effect on the differentiation of D3 cells into spontaneously contracting cardiomyocytes through embryoid body (EB) formation was measured. This study is the first to demonstrate that ionizing radiation impairs the formation of beating cardiomyocytes with carbon ions being more detrimental than X-rays. However, after prolonged culture time, the number of beating EBs derived from carbon ion irradiated cells almost reached control levels indicating that the surviving cells are still capable of developing along the cardiac lineage although with considerable delay. Reduced EB size, failure to downregulate pluripotency markers, and impaired expression of cardiac markers were identified as the cause of compromised cardiomyocyte formation. Dysregulation of cardiac differentiation was accompanied by alterations in the expression of endodermal and ectodermal markers that were more severe after carbon ion irradiation than after exposure to X-rays. In conclusion, our data show that carbon ion irradiation profoundly affects differentiation and thus may pose a higher risk to the early embryo than X-rays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Helm
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Onetsine Arrizabalaga
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research, Darmstadt, Germany
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Diana Pignalosa
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Insa S. Schroeder
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Marco Durante
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research, Darmstadt, Germany
- Physics Department, Institute for Condensed Matter Physics, Technical University Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Sylvia Ritter
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research, Darmstadt, Germany
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29
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Dreher C, Habermehl D, Ecker S, Brons S, El-Shafie R, Jäkel O, Debus J, Combs SE. Optimization of carbon ion and proton treatment plans using the raster-scanning technique for patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer. Radiat Oncol 2015; 10:237. [PMID: 26590103 PMCID: PMC4654923 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-015-0538-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of the thesis is to improve radiation plans of patients with locally advanced, unresectable pancreatic cancer by using carbon ion and proton beams. Patients and methods Using the treatment planning system Syngo RT Planning (Siemens, Erlangen, Germany) a total of 50 treatment plans have been created for five patients with the dose schedule 15 × 3 Gy(RBE). With reference to the anatomy, five field configurations were considered to be relevant. The plans were analyzed with respect to dose distribution and individual anatomy, and compared using a customized index. Results Within the index the three-field configurations yielded the best results, though with a high variety of score points (field setup 5, carbon ion: median 74 (range 48–101)). The maximum dose in the myelon is low (e.g. case 3, carbon ion: 21.5 Gy(RBE)). A single posterior field generally spares the organs at risk, but the maximum dose in the myelon is high (e.g. case 3, carbon ion: 32.9 Gy(RBE)). Two oblique posterior fields resulted in acceptable maximum doses in the myelon (e.g. case 3, carbon ion: 26.9 Gy(RBE)). The single-field configuration and the two oblique posterior fields had a small score dispersion (carbon ion: median 66 and 58 (range 62–72 and 40–69)). In cases with topographic proximity of the organs at risk to the target volume, the single-field configuration scored as well as the three-field configurations. Conclusion In summary, the three-field configurations showed the best dose distributions. A single posterior field seems to be robust and beneficial in case of difficult topographical conditions and topographical proximity of organs at risk to the target volume. A setup with two oblique posterior fields is a reasonable compromise between three-field and single-field configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantin Dreher
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, INF 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Daniel Habermehl
- Department of Radiooncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.
| | - Swantje Ecker
- Heidelberg Ion Beam Therapy Center (HIT), INF 450, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Stephan Brons
- Heidelberg Ion Beam Therapy Center (HIT), INF 450, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Rami El-Shafie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, INF 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Oliver Jäkel
- Heidelberg Ion Beam Therapy Center (HIT), INF 450, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Department of Medical Physics in Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center, INF 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Jürgen Debus
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, INF 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Stephanie E Combs
- Department of Radiooncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.
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30
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Correction: the relative biological effectiveness for carbon and oxygen ion beams using the raster-scanning technique in hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117960. [PMID: 25647242 PMCID: PMC4315457 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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