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Purushothaman S, Kostyleva D, Dendooven P, Haettner E, Geissel H, Schuy C, Weber U, Boscolo D, Dickel T, Graeff C, Hornung C, Kazantseva E, Kuzminchuk-Feuerstein N, Mukha I, Pietri S, Roesch H, Tanaka YK, Zhao J, Durante M, Parodi K, Scheidenberger C. Quasi-real-time range monitoring by in-beam PET: a case for 15O. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18788. [PMID: 37914762 PMCID: PMC10620432 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45122-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A fast and reliable range monitoring method is required to take full advantage of the high linear energy transfer provided by therapeutic ion beams like carbon and oxygen while minimizing damage to healthy tissue due to range uncertainties. Quasi-real-time range monitoring using in-beam positron emission tomography (PET) with therapeutic beams of positron-emitters of carbon and oxygen is a promising approach. The number of implanted ions and the time required for an unambiguous range verification are decisive factors for choosing a candidate isotope. An experimental study was performed at the FRS fragment-separator of GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Germany, to investigate the evolution of positron annihilation activity profiles during the implantation of [Formula: see text]O and [Formula: see text]O ion beams in a PMMA phantom. The positron activity profile was imaged by a dual-panel version of a Siemens Biograph mCT PET scanner. Results from a similar experiment using ion beams of carbon positron-emitters [Formula: see text]C and [Formula: see text]C performed at the same experimental setup were used for comparison. Owing to their shorter half-lives, the number of implanted ions required for a precise positron annihilation activity peak determination is lower for [Formula: see text]C compared to [Formula: see text]C and likewise for [Formula: see text]O compared to [Formula: see text]O, but their lower production cross-sections make it difficult to produce them at therapeutically relevant intensities. With a similar production cross-section and a 10 times shorter half-life than [Formula: see text]C, [Formula: see text]O provides a faster conclusive positron annihilation activity peak position determination for a lower number of implanted ions compared to [Formula: see text]C. A figure of merit formulation was developed for the quantitative comparison of therapy-relevant positron-emitting beams in the context of quasi-real-time beam monitoring. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that among the positron emitters of carbon and oxygen, [Formula: see text]O is the most feasible candidate for quasi-real-time range monitoring by in-beam PET that can be produced at therapeutically relevant intensities. Additionally, this study demonstrated that the in-flight production and separation method can produce beams of therapeutic quality, in terms of purity, energy, and energy spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Purushothaman
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - D Kostyleva
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - P Dendooven
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Particle Therapy Research Center (PARTREC), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - E Haettner
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - H Geissel
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
- II. Physikalisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität, Gießen, Germany
| | - C Schuy
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - U Weber
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - D Boscolo
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - T Dickel
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
- II. Physikalisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität, Gießen, Germany
| | - C Graeff
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - C Hornung
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - E Kazantseva
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - I Mukha
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - S Pietri
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - H Roesch
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
- Institute for Nuclear Physics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Y K Tanaka
- RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN, Wako, Japan
| | - J Zhao
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - M Durante
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany.
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - K Parodi
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - C Scheidenberger
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
- II. Physikalisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität, Gießen, Germany
- Helmholtz Forschungsakademie Hessen für FAIR (HFHF), Campus Gießen, Gießen, Germany
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Haettner E, Geissel H, Franczak B, Kostyleva D, Purushothaman S, Tanaka Y, Amjad F, Boscolo D, Dickel T, Graeff C, Hessler C, Hornung C, Kazantseva E, Kuzminchuk N, Morrissey D, Mukha I, Pietri S, Rocco E, Roy P, Roesch H, Schuy C, Schütt P, Weber U, Weick H, Zhao J, Durante M, Parodi K, Scheidenberger C. Production and separation of positron emitters for hadron therapy at FRS-Cave M. Nucl Instrum Methods Phys Res B 2023; 541:114-116. [PMID: 37265512 PMCID: PMC7614599 DOI: 10.1016/j.nimb.2023.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The FRagment Separator FRS at GSI is a versatile spectrometer and separator for experiments with relativistic in-flight separated short-lived exotic beams. One branch of the FRS is connected to the target hall where the bio-medical cave (Cave M) is located. Recently a joint activity between the experimental groups of the FRS and the biophysics at the GSI and Department of physics at LMU was started to perform biomedical experiments relevant for hadron therapy with positron emitting carbon and oxygen beams. This paper presents the new ion-optical mode and commissioning results of the FRS-Cave M branch where positron emitting 15O-ions were provided to the medical cave for the first time. An overall conversion efficiency of 2.9±0.2×10-4 15O fragments per primary 16O ion accelerated in the synchrotron SIS18 was reached.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Haettner
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - H. Geissel
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291, Darmstadt, Germany
- II. Physikalisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität, 35392, Gieβen, Germany
| | - B. Franczak
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - D. Kostyleva
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - S. Purushothaman
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Y.K. Tanaka
- RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN, 351-0198, Saitama, Japan
| | - F. Amjad
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - D. Boscolo
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - T. Dickel
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291, Darmstadt, Germany
- II. Physikalisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität, 35392, Gieβen, Germany
| | - C. Graeff
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - C. Hessler
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - C. Hornung
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - E. Kazantseva
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - N. Kuzminchuk
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - D. Morrissey
- Department of Chemistry and NSCL, Michigan State University, 48824, East Lansing, USA
| | - I. Mukha
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - S. Pietri
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - E. Rocco
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - P. Roy
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - H. Roesch
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - C. Schuy
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - P. Schütt
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - U. Weber
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - H. Weick
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J. Zhao
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M. Durante
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291, Darmstadt, Germany
- Institut für Physik Kondensierter Materie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64289, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - K. Parodi
- Faculty of Physics, Department of Medical Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 85748, München, Germany
| | - C. Scheidenberger
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291, Darmstadt, Germany
- II. Physikalisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität, 35392, Gieβen, Germany
- Helmholtz Research Academy Hesse for FAIR (HFHF), GSI Helmholtz Center for Heavy Ion Research, Campus Gieβen, 35392, Gieβen, Germany
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3
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Kostyleva D, Purushothaman S, Dendooven P, Haettner E, Geissel H, Ozoemelam I, Schuy C, Weber U, Boscolo D, Dickel T, Drozd V, Graeff C, Franczak B, Hornung C, Horst F, Kazantseva E, Kuzminchuk-Feuerstein N, Mukha I, Nociforo C, Pietri S, Reidel CA, Roesch H, Tanaka YK, Weick H, Zhao J, Durante M, Parodi K, Scheidenberger C. Precision of the PET activity range during irradiation with 10C, 11C, and 12C beams. Phys Med Biol 2022; 68. [PMID: 36533621 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aca5e8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective. Beams of stable ions have been a well-established tool for radiotherapy for many decades. In the case of ion beam therapy with stable12C ions, the positron emitters10,11C are produced via projectile and target fragmentation, and their decays enable visualization of the beam via positron emission tomography (PET). However, the PET activity peak matches the Bragg peak only roughly and PET counting statistics is low. These issues can be mitigated by using a short-lived positron emitter as a therapeutic beam.Approach.An experiment studying the precision of the measurement of ranges of positron-emitting carbon isotopes by means of PET has been performed at the FRS fragment-separator facility of GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Germany. The PET scanner used in the experiment is a dual-panel version of a Siemens Biograph mCT PET scanner.Main results.High-quality in-beam PET images and activity distributions have been measured from the in-flight produced positron emitting isotopes11C and10C implanted into homogeneous PMMA phantoms. Taking advantage of the high statistics obtained in this experiment, we investigated the time evolution of the uncertainty of the range determined by means of PET during the course of irradiation, and show that the uncertainty improves with the inverse square root of the number of PET counts. The uncertainty is thus fully determined by the PET counting statistics. During the delivery of 1.6 × 107ions in 4 spills for a total duration of 19.2 s, the PET activity range uncertainty for10C,11C and12C is 0.04 mm, 0.7 mm and 1.3 mm, respectively. The gain in precision related to the PET counting statistics is thus much larger when going from11C to10C than when going from12C to11C. The much better precision for10C is due to its much shorter half-life, which, contrary to the case of11C, also enables to include the in-spill data in the image formation.Significance. Our results can be used to estimate the contribution from PET counting statistics to the precision of range determination in a particular carbon therapy situation, taking into account the irradiation scenario, the required dose and the PET scanner characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Kostyleva
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - S Purushothaman
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - P Dendooven
- Particle Therapy Research Center (PARTREC), Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - E Haettner
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - H Geissel
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany.,II. Physikalisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität, Gießen, Germany
| | - I Ozoemelam
- Fontys University of Applied Sciences, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - C Schuy
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - U Weber
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - D Boscolo
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - T Dickel
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany.,II. Physikalisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität, Gießen, Germany
| | - V Drozd
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany.,Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - C Graeff
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - B Franczak
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - C Hornung
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - F Horst
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - E Kazantseva
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - I Mukha
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - C Nociforo
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - S Pietri
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - C A Reidel
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - H Roesch
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany.,Institute for Nuclear Physics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Y K Tanaka
- RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Japan
| | - H Weick
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J Zhao
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany.,School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - M Durante
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany.,Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - K Parodi
- Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - C Scheidenberger
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany.,II. Physikalisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität, Gießen, Germany.,Helmholtz Forschungsakademie Hessen für FAIR (HFHF), Campus Gießen, Gießen, Germany
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4
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Kostyleva D, Mukha I, Acosta L, Casarejos E, Chudoba V, Ciemny AA, Dominik W, Dueñas JA, Dunin V, Espino JM, Estradé A, Farinon F, Fomichev A, Geissel H, Gorshkov A, Grigorenko LV, Janas Z, Kamiński G, Kiselev O, Knöbel R, Krupko S, Kuich M, Litvinov YA, Marquinez-Durán G, Martel I, Mazzocchi C, Nociforo C, Ordúz AK, Pfützner M, Pietri S, Pomorski M, Prochazka A, Rymzhanova S, Sánchez-Benítez AM, Scheidenberger C, Simon H, Sitar B, Slepnev R, Stanoiu M, Strmen P, Szarka I, Takechi M, Tanaka YK, Weick H, Winkler M, Winfield JS, Xu X, Zhukov MV. Towards the Limits of Existence of Nuclear Structure: Observation and First Spectroscopy of the Isotope ^{31}K by Measuring Its Three-Proton Decay. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 123:092502. [PMID: 31524489 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.092502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The most remote isotope from the proton dripline (by 4 atomic mass units) has been observed: ^{31}K. It is unbound with respect to three-proton (3p) emission, and its decays have been detected in flight by measuring the trajectories of all decay products using microstrip detectors. The 3p emission processes have been studied by the means of angular correlations of ^{28}S+3p and the respective decay vertices. The energies of the previously unknown ground and excited states of ^{31}K have been determined. This provides its 3p separation energy value S_{3p} of -4.6(2) MeV. Upper half-life limits of 10 ps of the observed ^{31}K states have been derived from distributions of the measured decay vertices.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Kostyleva
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- II. Physikalisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität, 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - I Mukha
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - L Acosta
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Via S. Sofía, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Distrito Federal 01000, Mexico
| | | | - V Chudoba
- Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions, JINR, 141980 Dubna, Russia
- Institute of Physics, Silesian University Opava, 74601 Opava, Czech Republic
| | - A A Ciemny
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, 02-093 Warszawa, Poland
| | - W Dominik
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, 02-093 Warszawa, Poland
| | - J A Dueñas
- Departamento de Ingenieria Electrica y Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Fisica, Matemáticas y Computación, Universidad de Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain
| | - V Dunin
- Veksler and Baldin Laboratory of High Energy Physics, JINR, 141980 Dubna, Russia
| | - J M Espino
- Department of Atomic, Molecular and Nuclear Physics, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - A Estradé
- University of Edinburgh, EH1 1HT Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - F Farinon
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A Fomichev
- Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions, JINR, 141980 Dubna, Russia
| | - H Geissel
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- II. Physikalisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität, 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - A Gorshkov
- Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions, JINR, 141980 Dubna, Russia
| | - L V Grigorenko
- Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions, JINR, 141980 Dubna, Russia
- National Research Nuclear University "MEPhI," 115409 Moscow, Russia
- National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute," Kurchatov square 1, 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Z Janas
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, 02-093 Warszawa, Poland
| | - G Kamiński
- Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions, JINR, 141980 Dubna, Russia
- Heavy Ion Laboratory, University of Warsaw, 02-093 Warszawa, Poland
| | - O Kiselev
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - R Knöbel
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- II. Physikalisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität, 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - S Krupko
- Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions, JINR, 141980 Dubna, Russia
| | - M Kuich
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, 02-093 Warszawa, Poland
- Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-662 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Yu A Litvinov
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - G Marquinez-Durán
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain
| | - I Martel
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 9ZE, United Kingdom
| | - C Mazzocchi
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, 02-093 Warszawa, Poland
| | - C Nociforo
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A K Ordúz
- Grand Accélérateur National d'Ions Lourds - GANIL, Bd Henri Becquerel, 14076 Caen, France
| | - M Pfützner
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, 02-093 Warszawa, Poland
| | - S Pietri
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M Pomorski
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, 02-093 Warszawa, Poland
| | - A Prochazka
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - S Rymzhanova
- Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions, JINR, 141980 Dubna, Russia
| | - A M Sánchez-Benítez
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Física, Matemáticas y Computación (CEAFMC), Department of Integrated Sciences, University of Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain
| | - C Scheidenberger
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- II. Physikalisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität, 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - H Simon
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - B Sitar
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Comenius University, 84248 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - R Slepnev
- Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions, JINR, 141980 Dubna, Russia
| | - M Stanoiu
- IFIN-HH, Post Office Box MG-6, 077125 Bucharest, Romania
| | - P Strmen
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Comenius University, 84248 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - I Szarka
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Comenius University, 84248 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - M Takechi
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Y K Tanaka
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- University of Tokyo, 113-0033 Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Weick
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M Winkler
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J S Winfield
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - X Xu
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- II. Physikalisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität, 35392 Gießen, Germany
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - M V Zhukov
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, S-41296 Göteborg, Sweden
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5
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Muzalevsky I, Chudoba V, Belogurov S, Kiselev O, Bezbakh A, Fomichev A, Krupko S, Slepnev R, Kostyleva D, Gorshkov A, Ovcharenko E, Schetinin V. NeuRad detector prototype pulse shape study. EPJ Web Conf 2018. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201817703003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The EXPERT setup located at the Super-FRS facility, the part of the FAIR complex in Darmstadt, Germany, is intended for investigation of properties of light exotic nuclei. One of its modules, the high granularity neutron detector NeuRad assembled from a large number of the scintillating fiber is intended for registration of neutrons emitted by investigated nuclei in low-energy decays. Feasibility of the detector strongly depends on its timing properties defined by the spatial distribution of ionization, light propagation inside the fibers, light emission kinetics and transition time jitter in the multi-anode photomultiplier tube. The first attempt of understanding the pulse formation in the prototype of the NeuRad detector by comparing experimental results and Monte Carlo (MC) simulations is reported in this paper.
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