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Ahmed SF, El-Maghraby EMF, Rashad MM, Bashir DW. Iron overload induced submandibular glands toxicity in gamma irradiated rats with possible mitigation by hesperidin and rutin. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2024; 25:22. [PMID: 38414079 PMCID: PMC10900593 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-024-00744-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiation triggers salivary gland damage and excess iron accumulates in tissues induces cell injury. Flavonoids are found in some fruits and are utilized as potent antioxidants and radioprotective agents. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of hesperidin and rutin on gamma radiation and iron overload induced submandibular gland (SMG) damage and to evaluate their possible impact on mitigating the alteration in mTOR signaling pathway and angiogenesis. METHODS Forty-eight adult male Wistar albino rats were randomly assigned to six groups: group C received a standard diet and distilled water; group H received hesperidin at a dose of 100 mg/kg; four times a week for four weeks; group U received rutin at a dose of 50 mg/kg; three times a week for three weeks; group RF received a single dose (5 Gy) of gamma radiation followed by iron at a dose of 100 mg/kg; five times a week for four weeks; group RFH received radiation and iron as group RF and hesperidin as group H; group RFU received radiation and iron as group RF and rutin as group U. SMG specimens from all groups were removed at the end of the experiment; and some were used for biochemical analysis, while others were fixed for histological and immunohistochemical examination. RESULTS In the RF group, several genes related to antioxidants (Nrf-2 and SOD) and DNA damage (BRCA1) were significantly downregulated, while several genes related to inflammation and angiogenesis (TNFα, IL-1β and VEGF) and the mTOR signaling pathway (PIK3ca, AKT and mTOR) were significantly upregulated. Acinar cytoplasmic vacuolation, nuclear pyknosis, and interacinar hemorrhage with distinct interacinar spaces were observed as histopathological changes in SMGs. The duct system suffered significant damage, eventually degenerating entirely as the cells were shed into the lumina. VEGF and NF-κB were also significantly overexpressed. Hesperidin and rutin cotreatment generated partial recovery as indicated by significant upregulation of Nrf-2, SOD and BRCA1 and considerable downregulation of TNF-α, IL-1β, VEGF, PIK3ca, AKT, and mTOR. Although some acini and ducts continued to deteriorate, most of them had a normal appearance. There was a notable decrease in the expression of VEGF and NF-κB. CONCLUSIONS In γ-irradiated rats with iron overload, the administration of hesperidin and rutin may mitigate salivary gland damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salwa Farid Ahmed
- Health Radiation Research Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Eman M F El-Maghraby
- Health Radiation Research Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maha M Rashad
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Dina W Bashir
- Cytology and Histology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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Tevlin R, Longaker MT, Wan DC. Deferoxamine to Minimize Fibrosis During Radiation Therapy. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2022; 11:548-559. [PMID: 34074152 PMCID: PMC9347384 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2021.0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Significance: By 2030, there will be >4 million radiation-treated cancer survivors living in the United States. Irradiation triggers inflammation, fibroblast activation, and extracellular matrix deposition in addition to reactive oxygen species generation, leading to a chronic inflammatory response. Radiation-induced fibrosis (RIF) is a progressive pathology resulting in skin pigmentation, reduced elasticity, ulceration and dermal thickening, cosmetic deformity, pain, and the need for reconstructive surgery. Recent Advances: Deferoxamine (DFO) is a U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved iron chelator for blood dyscrasia management, which has been found to be proangiogenic, to decrease free radical formation, and reduce cell death. DFO has shown great promise in the treatment and prophylaxis of RIF in preclinical studies. Critical Issues: Systemic DFO has a short half-life and is cumbersome to deliver to patients intravenously. Transdermal DFO delivery is complicated by its high atomic mass and hydrophilicity, preventing stratum corneum penetration. A transdermal drug delivery system was developed to address these challenges, in addition to a strategy for topical administration. Future Directions: DFO has great potential to translate from bench to bedside. An important step in translation of DFO for RIF prophylaxis is to ensure that DFO treatment does not affect the efficacy of radiation therapy. Furthermore, after an initial plethora of studies reporting DFO treatment by intravenous and subcutaneous routes, a significant advantage of recent studies is the success of transdermal and topical delivery. Given the strong foundation of basic scientific research supporting the use of DFO treatment on RIF, clinicians will be closely following the results of the ongoing human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Tevlin
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, and Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- School of Postgraduate Studies, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael T. Longaker
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, and Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Derrick C. Wan
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, and Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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Kim J, Eom MR, Ji Jeong E, Choi JS, Kwon SK. Multiple stimulation with spheroids comprising salivary gland and adipose-derived stem cells enhances regeneration of radiation-damaged salivary glands. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2021.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Chen G, Han Y, Zhang H, Tu W, Zhang S. Radiotherapy-Induced Digestive Injury: Diagnosis, Treatment and Mechanisms. Front Oncol 2021; 11:757973. [PMID: 34804953 PMCID: PMC8604098 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.757973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is one of the main therapeutic methods for treating cancer. The digestive system consists of the gastrointestinal tract and the accessory organs of digestion (the tongue, salivary glands, pancreas, liver and gallbladder). The digestive system is easily impaired during radiotherapy, especially in thoracic and abdominal radiotherapy. In this review, we introduce the physical classification, basic pathogenesis, clinical characteristics, predictive/diagnostic factors, and possible treatment targets of radiotherapy-induced digestive injury. Radiotherapy-induced digestive injury complies with the dose-volume effect and has a radiation-based organ correlation. Computed tomography (CT), MRI (magnetic resonance imaging), ultrasound (US) and endoscopy can help diagnose and evaluate the radiation-induced lesion level. The latest treatment approaches include improvement in radiotherapy (such as shielding, hydrogel spacers and dose distribution), stem cell transplantation and drug administration. Gut microbiota modulation may become a novel approach to relieving radiogenic gastrointestinal syndrome. Finally, we summarized the possible mechanisms involved in treatment, but they remain varied. Radionuclide-labeled targeting molecules (RLTMs) are promising for more precise radiotherapy. These advances contribute to our understanding of the assessment and treatment of radiation-induced digestive injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxia Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People's Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yi Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People's Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Haihan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People's Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Wenling Tu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuyu Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, China.,West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Liu Z, Dong L, Zheng Z, Liu S, Gong S, Meng L, Xin Y, Jiang X. Mechanism, Prevention, and Treatment of Radiation-Induced Salivary Gland Injury Related to Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111666. [PMID: 34829539 PMCID: PMC8614677 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy is a common treatment for head and neck cancers. However, because of the presence of nerve structures (brain stem, spinal cord, and brachial plexus), salivary glands (SGs), mucous membranes, and swallowing muscles in the head and neck regions, radiotherapy inevitably causes damage to these normal tissues. Among them, SG injury is a serious adverse event, and its clinical manifestations include changes in taste, difficulty chewing and swallowing, oral infections, and dental caries. These clinical symptoms seriously reduce a patient’s quality of life. Therefore, it is important to clarify the mechanism of SG injury caused by radiotherapy. Although the mechanism of radiation-induced SG injury has not yet been determined, recent studies have shown that the mechanisms of calcium signaling, microvascular injury, cellular senescence, and apoptosis are closely related to oxidative stress. In this article, we review the mechanism by which radiotherapy causes oxidative stress and damages the SGs. In addition, we discuss effective methods to prevent and treat radiation-induced SG damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijing Liu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (Z.L.); (L.D.); (Z.Z.); (S.L.); (S.G.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Lihua Dong
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (Z.L.); (L.D.); (Z.Z.); (S.L.); (S.G.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Zheng
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (Z.L.); (L.D.); (Z.Z.); (S.L.); (S.G.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Shiyu Liu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (Z.L.); (L.D.); (Z.Z.); (S.L.); (S.G.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Shouliang Gong
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (Z.L.); (L.D.); (Z.Z.); (S.L.); (S.G.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Lingbin Meng
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
| | - Ying Xin
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China;
| | - Xin Jiang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (Z.L.); (L.D.); (Z.Z.); (S.L.); (S.G.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-158-0430-2750
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Savas HB, Gultekin F, Basak K, Aylak F, Doguc DK, Gurdal O. Salivary glands of fetuses are adversely affected by artificial food colorings in rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 67:287-291. [PMID: 34406255 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.67.02.20200749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Artificial food colorings, as types of food additives, are widely used at present in daily life. We aimed to investigate the effects of exposure to artificial food colorings during the intrauterine period on the salivary glands in adulthood. METHODS A total of 30 Wistar albino female pregnant rats were included in this study. The treatment group was given a mixture of nine artificial food colorings at no observed adverse-effect-level doses. Neither mothers nor offspring were fed with food colorings after delivery. When the offspring became adults, they were sacrificed, and the possible histopathological and immunohistochemical effects of artificial food colorings on the salivary glands were investigated. In these glands, anti-matrix metallopeptidase 2 (anti-MMP2), anti-MMP9, anti-tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP) metallopeptidase inhibitor 1 (anti-TIMP1), anti-TIMP2, and anti-TIMP3 were examined. RESULTS The expressions of anti-MMP2, anti-TIMP1, anti-TIMP2, and anti-TIMP3 parameters were found to be higher in treatment groups (p<0.05). CONCLUSION It was suggested that intrauterine exposure of synthetic food colorings may lead to deterioration of the tissue structure of the salivary glands in adulthood, thereby increasing susceptibility to chronic illnesses including malignancy and chronic inflammation. Therefore, pregnant women should give importance to their nutrition in terms of foods containing synthetic colorings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Basri Savas
- Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Alanya/Antalya, Turkey
| | - Fatih Gultekin
- University of Health Sciences, International Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kayhan Basak
- Kartal Lütfi Kırdar Training and Research Hospital, Pathology Department, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Firdevs Aylak
- Suleyman Demirel University, Medical Faculty, Medical Biochemistry Department, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Duygu Kumbul Doguc
- Suleyman Demirel University, Medical Faculty, Medical Biochemistry Department, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Osman Gurdal
- Suleyman Demirel University, Medical Faculty, Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Isparta, Turkey
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Liu Q, Wang Y, Cui Z, Ma X, Shi H, Zhang W. Erythropoietin Plays a Protective Role in Submandibular Gland Hypofunction Induced by Irradiation. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020; 79:1373-1383. [PMID: 33412114 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to explore the radioprotective effects of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) on rats' submandibular gland hypofunction induced by irradiation (IR). MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty rats were divided into 3 groups: 1) control group, 2) IR group, and 3) IR + rhEPO group. The IR group and IR + rhEPO group received a single dose of 15 Grays (Gy) (0.98 Gy/min), plus, the IR + rhEPO group also received subcutaneous administration of rhEPO at a dose of 3,000 IU/kg body weight 3 days before irradiation and then repeated every 24 hours for the first 2 weeks after irradiation. Immunohistochemistry analysis to erythropoietin receptor was performed to detect the levels of erythropoietin receptor in submandibular glands with or without radiation. Ninety days after irradiation, the salivary flow rates were assessed, and the submandibular gland of every rat was subjected to hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemical staining with antiaquaporin 5 and anti-proliferating cell nuclear antigen antibodies. Apoptosis was examined by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase biotin-dUDP nick end-labeling assay. In addition, to examine the protective role of rhEPO on human submandibular gland cells, the apoptotic and proliferation rate of cells under a radiation dose of 8 Gy was detected. One-way analysis of variance was carried out to analyze the results of each group, and the P value was set at 0.05. RESULTS Erythropoietin receptor was expressed in the submandibular glands at a low level under normal conditions but upregulated after irradiation. rhEPO administration remarkably alleviated gland atrophy, increased salivary flow rates with upregulation of aquaporin-5 compared with the IR group. In addition, fewer apoptotic cells and more proliferative cells were observed in the IR + rhEPO group compared with the IR group, both in vivo and in vitro. CONCLUSIONS rhEPO administration may be a useful countermeasure to mitigate submandibular gland hypofunction after therapeutic radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilin Liu
- Associate Chief Surgeon, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Surgeon, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China; and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhi Cui
- Attending Surgeon, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xiaozhou Ma
- Surgeon, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Haibo Shi
- Resident Surgeon, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Professor, Chief Surgeon, Head, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.
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Experimental Animal Model Systems for Understanding Salivary Secretory Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228423. [PMID: 33182571 PMCID: PMC7696548 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Salivary secretory disorders are life-disrupting pathologic conditions with a high prevalence, especially in the geriatric population. Both patients and clinicians frequently feel helpless and get frustrated by the currently available therapeutic strategies, which consist mainly of palliative managements. Accordingly, to unravel the underlying mechanisms and to develop effective and curative strategies, several animal models have been developed and introduced. Experimental findings from these models have contributed to answer biological and biomedical questions. This review aims to provide various methodological considerations used for the examination of pathological fundamentals in salivary disorders using animal models and to summarize the obtained findings. The information provided in this review could provide plausible solutions for overcoming salivary disorders and also suggest purpose-specific experimental animal systems.
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I T, Ueda Y, Wörsdörfer P, Sumita Y, Asahina I, Ergün S. Resident CD34-positive cells contribute to peri-endothelial cells and vascular morphogenesis in salivary gland after irradiation. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2020; 127:1467-1479. [PMID: 33025085 PMCID: PMC7578140 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-020-02256-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Salivary gland (SG) hypofunction is a common post-radiotherapy complication. Besides the parenchymal damage after irradiation (IR), there are also effects on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) which were shown to contribute to regeneration and repair of damaged tissues by differentiating into stromal cell types or releasing vesicles and soluble factors supporting the healing processes. However, there are no adequate reports about their roles during SG damage and regeneration so far. Using an irradiated SG mouse model, we performed certain immunostainings on tissue sections of submandibular glands at different time points after IR. Immunostaining for CD31 revealed that already one day after IR, vascular impairment was induced at the level of capillaries. In addition, the expression of CD44—a marker of acinar cells—diminished gradually after IR and, by 20 weeks, almost disappeared. In contrast, the number of CD34-positive cells significantly increased 4 weeks after IR and some of the CD34-positive cells were found to reside within the adventitia of arteries and veins. Laser confocal microscopic analyses revealed an accumulation of CD34-positive cells within the area of damaged capillaries where they were in close contact to the CD31-positive endothelial cells. At 4 weeks after IR, a fraction of the CD34-positive cells underwent differentiation into α-SMA-positive cells, which suggests that they may contribute to regeneration of smooth muscle cells and/or pericytes covering the small vessels from the outside. In conclusion, SG-resident CD34-positive cells represent a population of progenitors that could contribute to new vessel formation and/or remodeling of the pre-existing vessels after IR and thus, might be an important player during SG tissue healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi I
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany. .,Unit of Translational Medicine, Department of Regenerative Oral Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.
| | - Yuichiro Ueda
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Wörsdörfer
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Yoshinori Sumita
- Basic and Translational Research Center for Hard Tissue Disease, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Izumi Asahina
- Unit of Translational Medicine, Department of Regenerative Oral Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Süleyman Ergün
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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10
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Kwon HR, Nelson DA, DeSantis KA, Morrissey JM, Larsen M. Endothelial cell regulation of salivary gland epithelial patterning. Development 2017; 144:211-220. [PMID: 28096213 DOI: 10.1242/dev.142497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Perfusion-independent regulation of epithelial pattern formation by the vasculature during organ development and regeneration is of considerable interest for application in restoring organ function. During murine submandibular salivary gland development, the vasculature co-develops with the epithelium during branching morphogenesis; however, it is not known whether the vasculature has instructive effects on the epithelium. Using pharmacological inhibitors and siRNA knockdown in embryonic organ explants, we determined that VEGFR2-dependent signaling is required for salivary gland epithelial patterning. To test directly for a requirement for endothelial cells in instructive epithelial patterning, we developed a novel ex vivo cell fractionation/reconstitution assay. Immuno-depletion of CD31+ endothelial cells in this assay confirmed a requirement for endothelial cells in epithelial patterning of the gland. Depletion of endothelial cells or inhibition of VEGFR2 signaling in organ explants caused an aberrant increase in cells expressing the ductal proteins K19 and K7, with a reduction in Kit+ progenitor cells in the endbuds of reconstituted glands. Addition of exogenous endothelial cells to reconstituted glands restored epithelial patterning, as did supplementation with the endothelial cell-regulated mesenchymal factors IGFBP2 and IGFBP3. Our results demonstrate that endothelial cells promote expansion of Kit+ progenitor cells and suppress premature ductal differentiation in early developing embryonic submandibular salivary gland buds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Ryong Kwon
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY 12222, USA.,Graduate Program in Molecular, Cellular, Developmental, and Neural Biology, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Deirdre A Nelson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Kara A DeSantis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY 12222, USA.,Graduate Program in Molecular, Cellular, Developmental, and Neural Biology, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Jennifer M Morrissey
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Melinda Larsen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY 12222, USA
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11
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Wahl EA, Schenck TL, Machens HG, Balmayor ER. VEGF released by deferoxamine preconditioned mesenchymal stem cells seeded on collagen-GAG substrates enhances neovascularization. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36879. [PMID: 27830734 PMCID: PMC5103276 DOI: 10.1038/srep36879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia preconditioning of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been shown to promote wound healing through HIF-1α stabilization. Preconditioned MSCs can be applied to three-dimensional biomaterials to further enhance the regenerative properties. While environmentally induced hypoxia has proven difficult in clinical settings, this study compares the wound healing capabilities of adipose derived (Ad) MSCs seeded on a collagen-glycosaminoglycan (GAG) dermal substrate exposed to either environmental hypoxia or FDA approved deferoxamine mesylate (DFO) to stabilize HIF-1α for wound healing. The release of hypoxia related reparative factors by the cells on the collagen-GAG substrate was evaluated to detect if DFO produces results comparable to environmentally induced hypoxia to facilitate optimal clinical settings. VEGF release increased in samples exposed to DFO. While the SDF-1α release was lower in cells exposed to environmental hypoxia in comparison to cells cultured in DFO in vitro. The AdMSC seeded biomaterial was further evaluated in a murine model. The implants where harvested after 1 days for histological, inflammatory, and protein analysis. The application of DFO to the cells could mimic and enhance the wound healing capabilities of environmentally induced hypoxia through VEGF expression and promises a more viable option in clinical settings that is not merely restricted to the laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Wahl
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, 81675, Germany
| | - Thilo L Schenck
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, 81675, Germany
| | - Hans-Günther Machens
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, 81675, Germany
| | - Elizabeth R Balmayor
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, 81675, Germany.,Institute for Advanced Study, Technische Universität München, Garching, 85748, Germany
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