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Tahmasvand R, Dehghani S, Kooshafar Z, Emami Najafi SA, Almasirad A, Salimi M. In vitro and in vivo activity of a novel oxamide-hydrazone hybrid derivative against triple-negative breast cancer. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:5119-5129. [PMID: 38240779 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02931-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer is a subtype of breast cancer with poor clinical outcome, and currently, no effective targeted therapies are available. Since cancer develops owing to deregulation of apoptosis, employing therapeutic strategies with the ability to target the molecules involved in apoptosis induction would provide a valid approach to hinder tumor progression. Hydrazide-hydrazones and oxamide molecules are the subject of intense studies due to their anticancer effects via apoptosis induction. In the present study, we attempted to elucidate the mechanism of action of a synthesized compound (compound A) in inducing cell death. Annexin/PI and Western blotting analyses, DAPI staining, mitochondrial membrane potential probe, and flow cytometry were applied for the in vitro evaluations. 4T1 syngeneic mouse model and immunohistochemistry were used for the in vivo assessments. Compound A caused cell death by inducing apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells in a mitochondrial-dependent manner at high concentrations after 72 h of incubation. Compound A also impeded tumor growth in a 4T1 syngeneic mouse model as evidenced by hematoxylin and eosin staining of the tumors. Furthermore, it significantly diminished the expression of pro-caspase-3, Ki67, and CD31 markers in the tumor sections. Conclusively, this study for the first time reports the anti-cancer efficacy of compound A in both in vitro and in vivo models and its potential in the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raheleh Tahmasvand
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soudeh Dehghani
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Kooshafar
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Azadeh Emami Najafi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Almasirad
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mona Salimi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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Humpert S, Schneider D, Lang M, Schulze A, Neumaier F, Holschbach M, Bier D, Neumaier B. Radiosynthesis and In Vitro Evaluation of [ 11C]tozadenant as Adenosine A 2A Receptor Radioligand. Molecules 2024; 29:1089. [PMID: 38474602 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29051089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Tozadenant (4-hydroxy-N-(4-methoxy-7-morpholinobenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxamide) is a highly selective adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) antagonist and a promising lead structure for the development of A2AR-selective positron emission tomography (PET) probes. Although several 18F-labelled tozadenant derivatives showed favorable in vitro properties, recent in vivo PET studies observed poor brain penetration and lower specific binding than anticipated from the in vitro data. While these findings might be attributable to the structural modification associated with 18F-labelling, they could also reflect inherent properties of the parent compound. However, PET studies with radioisotopologues of tozadenant to evaluate its cerebral pharmacokinetics and brain distribution are still lacking. In the present work, we applied N-Boc-O-desmethyltozadenant as a suitable precursor for the preparation of [O-methyl-11C]tozadenant ([11C]tozadenant) by O-methylation with [11C]methyl iodide followed by acidic deprotection. This approach afforded [11C]tozadenant in radiochemical yields of 18 ± 2%, with molar activities of 50-60 GBq/µmol (1300-1600 mCi/µmol) and radiochemical purities of 95 ± 3%. In addition, in vitro autoradiography in pig and rat brain slices demonstrated the expected striatal accumulation pattern and confirmed the A2AR specificity of the radioligand, making it a promising tool for in vivo PET studies on the cerebral pharmacokinetics and brain distribution of tozadenant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swen Humpert
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Nuclear Chemistry (INM-5), Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Daniela Schneider
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Nuclear Chemistry (INM-5), Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Markus Lang
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Nuclear Chemistry (INM-5), Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Annette Schulze
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Nuclear Chemistry (INM-5), Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Felix Neumaier
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Nuclear Chemistry (INM-5), Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., 52428 Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Marcus Holschbach
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Nuclear Chemistry (INM-5), Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Dirk Bier
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Nuclear Chemistry (INM-5), Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Bernd Neumaier
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Nuclear Chemistry (INM-5), Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., 52428 Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
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Pinjala P, Tryphena KP, Kulkarni A, Goswami PG, Khatri DK. Dimethyl Fumarate Exerts a Neuroprotective Effect by Enhancing Mitophagy via the NRF2/BNIP3/PINK1 Axis in the MPP + Iodide-Induced Parkinson's Disease Mice Model. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2024; 8:329-344. [PMID: 38405353 PMCID: PMC10894611 DOI: 10.3233/adr-230128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder linked to the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Mitophagy, mitochondrial selective autophagy, is critical in maintaining mitochondrial and subsequently neuronal homeostasis. Its impairment is strongly implicated in PD and is associated with accelerated neurodegeneration. Objective To study the positive effect of dimethyl fumarate (DMF) on mitophagy via the NRF2/BNIP3/PINK1 axis activation in PD disease models. Methods The neuroprotective effect of DMF was explored in in vitro and in vivo PD models. MTT assay was performed to determine the DMF dose followed by JC-1 assay to study its mitoprotective effect in MPP+ exposed SHSY5Y cells. For the in vivo study, C57BL/6 mice were divided into six groups: Normal Control (NC), Disease Control (DC), Sham (Saline i.c.v.), Low Dose (MPP+ iodide+DMF 15 mg/kg), Mid Dose (MPP+ iodide+DMF 30 mg/kg), and High Dose (MPP+ iodide+DMF 60 mg/kg). The neuroprotective effect of DMF was assessed by performing rotarod, open field test, and pole test, and biochemical parameter analysis using immunofluorescence, western blot, and RT-PCR. Results DMF treatment significantly alleviated the loss of TH positive dopaminergic neurons and enhanced mitophagy by increasing PINK1, Parkin, BNIP3, and LC3 levels in the MPP+ iodide-induced PD mice model. DMF treatment groups showed good locomotor activity and rearing time when compared to the DC group. Conclusions DMF confers neuroprotection by activating the BNIP3/PINK1/Parkin pathway, enhancing the autophagosome formation via LC3, and improving mitophagy in PD models, and could be a potential therapeutic option in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poojitha Pinjala
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Lab, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Kamatham Pushpa Tryphena
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Lab, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Amrita Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Lab, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Prince Giri Goswami
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Lab, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Khatri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Lab, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Department of Pharmacology, Shobhaben Pratapbai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM’s Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies (NMIMS) Deemed-to-be-University, Mumbai, India
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Jenner P, Kanda T, Mori A. How and why the adenosine A 2A receptor became a target for Parkinson's disease therapy. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 170:73-104. [PMID: 37741697 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2023.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Dopaminergic therapy for Parkinson's disease has revolutionised the treatment of the motor symptoms of the illness. However, it does not alleviate all components of the motor deficits and has only limited effects on non-motor symptoms. For this reason, alternative non-dopaminergic approaches to treatment have been sought and the adenosine A2A receptor provided a novel target for symptomatic therapy both within the basal ganglia and elsewhere in the brain. Despite an impressive preclinical profile that would indicate a clear role for adenosine A2A antagonists in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, the road to clinical use has been long and full of difficulties. Some aspects of the drugs preclinical profile have not translated into clinical effectiveness and not all the clinical studies undertaken have had a positive outcome. The reasons for this will be explored and suggestions made for the further development of this drug class in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. However, one adenosine A2A antagonist, namely istradefylline has been introduced successfully for the treatment of late-stage Parkinson's disease in two major areas of the world and has become a commercial success through offering the first non-dopaminergic approach to the treatment of unmet need to be introduced in several decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Jenner
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Tomoyuki Kanda
- Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., Otemachi. Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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5
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Gu L, Luo WY, Xia N, Zhang JN, Fan JK, Yang HM, Wang MC, Zhang H. Upregulated mGluR5 induces ER stress and DNA damage by regulating the NMDA receptor subunit NR2B. J Biochem 2021; 171:349-359. [PMID: 34908130 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvab140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction caused by mGluR5 expression or activation is an important mechanism in the development of Parkinson's disease (PD). Early clinical studies on mGluR5 negative allosteric modulators have shown some limitations. It is therefore necessary to find a more specific approach to block mGluR5-mediated neurotoxicity. Here, we determined the role of NMDA receptor subunit NR2B in mGluR5-mediated ER stress and DNA damage. In vitro study, rotenone-induced ER stress and DNA damage were accompanied by an increase in mGluR5 expression, and overexpressed or activated mGluR5 with agonist CHPG induced ER stress and DNA damage, while blocking mGluR5 with antagonist MPEP alleviated the effect. Furthermore, the damage caused by CHPG was blocked by NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801. Additionally, rotenone or CHPG increased the p-Src and p-NR2B, which was inhibited by MPEP. Blocking p-Src or NR2B with PP2 or CP101,606 alleviated CHPG-induced ER stress and DNA damage. Overactivation of mGluR5 accompanied with the increase of p-Src and p-NR2B in the ER stress and DNA damage was found in rotenone-induced PD rat model. These findings suggest a new mechanism wherein mGluR5 induces ER stress and DNA damage through the NMDA receptor and propose NR2B as the molecular target for therapeutic strategy for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Gu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Wen-Yuan Luo
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Ning Xia
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.,Department of neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jian-Nan Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jing-Kai Fan
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Hui-Min Yang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Meng-Chen Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
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6
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Myers SJ, Ruppa KP, Wilson LJ, Tahirovic YA, Lyuboslavsky P, Menaldino DS, Dentmon ZW, Koszalka GW, Zaczek R, Dingledine RJ, Traynelis SF, Liotta DC. A Glutamate N-Methyl-d-Aspartate (NMDA) Receptor Subunit 2B-Selective Inhibitor of NMDA Receptor Function with Enhanced Potency at Acidic pH and Oral Bioavailability for Clinical Use. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2021; 379:41-52. [PMID: 34493631 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.120.000370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a clinical candidate molecule from a new series of glutamate N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor subunit 2B-selective inhibitors that shows enhanced inhibition at extracellular acidic pH values relative to physiologic pH. This property should render these compounds more effective inhibitors of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors at synapses responding to a high frequency of action potentials, since glutamate-containing vesicles are acidic within their lumen. In addition, acidification of penumbral regions around ischemic tissue should also enhance selective drug action for improved neuroprotection. The aryl piperazine we describe here shows strong neuroprotective actions with minimal side effects in preclinical studies. The clinical candidate molecule NP10679 has high oral bioavailability with good brain penetration and is suitable for both intravenous and oral dosing for therapeutic use in humans. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This study identifies a new series of glutamate N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor subunit 2B-selective negative allosteric modulators with properties appropriate for clinical advancement. The compounds are more potent at acidic pH, associated with ischemic tissue, and this property should increase the therapeutic safety of this class by improving efficacy in affected tissue while sparing NMDA receptor block in healthy brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott J Myers
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (S.J.M, P.L., R.J.D., S.F.T.), Department of Chemistry (L.J.W., Y.A.T., D.S.M., Z.W.D., D.C.L.), Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; NeurOp Inc., Atlanta, Georgia (S.J.M., K.P.R., L.J.W., Y.A.T, P.L., D.S.M., Z.W.D., G.W.K., R.Z.), and TRPblue Inc., Durham, North Carolina (G.W.K)
| | - Kamalesh P Ruppa
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (S.J.M, P.L., R.J.D., S.F.T.), Department of Chemistry (L.J.W., Y.A.T., D.S.M., Z.W.D., D.C.L.), Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; NeurOp Inc., Atlanta, Georgia (S.J.M., K.P.R., L.J.W., Y.A.T, P.L., D.S.M., Z.W.D., G.W.K., R.Z.), and TRPblue Inc., Durham, North Carolina (G.W.K)
| | - Lawrence J Wilson
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (S.J.M, P.L., R.J.D., S.F.T.), Department of Chemistry (L.J.W., Y.A.T., D.S.M., Z.W.D., D.C.L.), Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; NeurOp Inc., Atlanta, Georgia (S.J.M., K.P.R., L.J.W., Y.A.T, P.L., D.S.M., Z.W.D., G.W.K., R.Z.), and TRPblue Inc., Durham, North Carolina (G.W.K)
| | - Yesim A Tahirovic
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (S.J.M, P.L., R.J.D., S.F.T.), Department of Chemistry (L.J.W., Y.A.T., D.S.M., Z.W.D., D.C.L.), Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; NeurOp Inc., Atlanta, Georgia (S.J.M., K.P.R., L.J.W., Y.A.T, P.L., D.S.M., Z.W.D., G.W.K., R.Z.), and TRPblue Inc., Durham, North Carolina (G.W.K)
| | - Polina Lyuboslavsky
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (S.J.M, P.L., R.J.D., S.F.T.), Department of Chemistry (L.J.W., Y.A.T., D.S.M., Z.W.D., D.C.L.), Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; NeurOp Inc., Atlanta, Georgia (S.J.M., K.P.R., L.J.W., Y.A.T, P.L., D.S.M., Z.W.D., G.W.K., R.Z.), and TRPblue Inc., Durham, North Carolina (G.W.K)
| | - David S Menaldino
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (S.J.M, P.L., R.J.D., S.F.T.), Department of Chemistry (L.J.W., Y.A.T., D.S.M., Z.W.D., D.C.L.), Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; NeurOp Inc., Atlanta, Georgia (S.J.M., K.P.R., L.J.W., Y.A.T, P.L., D.S.M., Z.W.D., G.W.K., R.Z.), and TRPblue Inc., Durham, North Carolina (G.W.K)
| | - Zackery W Dentmon
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (S.J.M, P.L., R.J.D., S.F.T.), Department of Chemistry (L.J.W., Y.A.T., D.S.M., Z.W.D., D.C.L.), Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; NeurOp Inc., Atlanta, Georgia (S.J.M., K.P.R., L.J.W., Y.A.T, P.L., D.S.M., Z.W.D., G.W.K., R.Z.), and TRPblue Inc., Durham, North Carolina (G.W.K)
| | - George W Koszalka
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (S.J.M, P.L., R.J.D., S.F.T.), Department of Chemistry (L.J.W., Y.A.T., D.S.M., Z.W.D., D.C.L.), Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; NeurOp Inc., Atlanta, Georgia (S.J.M., K.P.R., L.J.W., Y.A.T, P.L., D.S.M., Z.W.D., G.W.K., R.Z.), and TRPblue Inc., Durham, North Carolina (G.W.K)
| | - Robert Zaczek
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (S.J.M, P.L., R.J.D., S.F.T.), Department of Chemistry (L.J.W., Y.A.T., D.S.M., Z.W.D., D.C.L.), Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; NeurOp Inc., Atlanta, Georgia (S.J.M., K.P.R., L.J.W., Y.A.T, P.L., D.S.M., Z.W.D., G.W.K., R.Z.), and TRPblue Inc., Durham, North Carolina (G.W.K)
| | - Raymond J Dingledine
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (S.J.M, P.L., R.J.D., S.F.T.), Department of Chemistry (L.J.W., Y.A.T., D.S.M., Z.W.D., D.C.L.), Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; NeurOp Inc., Atlanta, Georgia (S.J.M., K.P.R., L.J.W., Y.A.T, P.L., D.S.M., Z.W.D., G.W.K., R.Z.), and TRPblue Inc., Durham, North Carolina (G.W.K)
| | - Stephen F Traynelis
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (S.J.M, P.L., R.J.D., S.F.T.), Department of Chemistry (L.J.W., Y.A.T., D.S.M., Z.W.D., D.C.L.), Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; NeurOp Inc., Atlanta, Georgia (S.J.M., K.P.R., L.J.W., Y.A.T, P.L., D.S.M., Z.W.D., G.W.K., R.Z.), and TRPblue Inc., Durham, North Carolina (G.W.K)
| | - Dennis C Liotta
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (S.J.M, P.L., R.J.D., S.F.T.), Department of Chemistry (L.J.W., Y.A.T., D.S.M., Z.W.D., D.C.L.), Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; NeurOp Inc., Atlanta, Georgia (S.J.M., K.P.R., L.J.W., Y.A.T, P.L., D.S.M., Z.W.D., G.W.K., R.Z.), and TRPblue Inc., Durham, North Carolina (G.W.K)
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Malik NP, Naz M, Ashiq U, Jamal RA, Gul S, Saleem F, Khan KM, Yousuf S. Oxamide Derivatives as Potent
α
‐Glucosidase Inhibitors: Design, Synthesis,
In Vitro
Inhibitory Screening and
In Silico
Docking Studies. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202101709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maira Naz
- Department of Chemistry University of Karachi Karachi 75270 Pakistan
| | - Uzma Ashiq
- Department of Chemistry University of Karachi Karachi 75270 Pakistan
| | - Rifat A. Jamal
- Department of Chemistry University of Karachi Karachi 75270 Pakistan
| | - Sana Gul
- Department of Chemistry Federal Urdu University of Art Science and Technology Karachi Pakistan
| | - Faiza Saleem
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences University of Karachi Karachi 75270 Pakistan
| | - Khalid M. Khan
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences University of Karachi Karachi 75270 Pakistan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC) Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University P.O. Box 1982 Dammam 31441 Saudi Arabia
| | - Sammer Yousuf
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences University of Karachi Karachi 75270 Pakistan
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Metal Chelation Therapy and Parkinson's Disease: A Critical Review on the Thermodynamics of Complex Formation between Relevant Metal Ions and Promising or Established Drugs. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9070269. [PMID: 31324037 PMCID: PMC6681387 DOI: 10.3390/biom9070269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The present review reports a list of approximately 800 compounds which have been used, tested or proposed for Parkinson’s disease (PD) therapy in the year range 2014–2019 (April): name(s), chemical structure and references are given. Among these compounds, approximately 250 have possible or established metal-chelating properties towards Cu(II), Cu(I), Fe(III), Fe(II), Mn(II), and Zn(II), which are considered to be involved in metal dyshomeostasis during PD. Speciation information regarding the complexes formed by these ions and the 250 compounds has been collected or, if not experimentally available, has been estimated from similar molecules. Stoichiometries and stability constants of the complexes have been reported; values of the cologarithm of the concentration of free metal ion at equilibrium (pM), and of the dissociation constant Kd (both computed at pH = 7.4 and at total metal and ligand concentrations of 10−6 and 10−5 mol/L, respectively), charge and stoichiometry of the most abundant metal–ligand complexes existing at physiological conditions, have been obtained. A rigorous definition of the reported amounts is given, the possible usefulness of this data is described, and the need to characterize the metal–ligand speciation of PD drugs is underlined.
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A Phase Ib Randomized Controlled Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of a Single-Dose of the NR2B Selective N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Antagonist MK-0657 on Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesias and Motor Symptoms in Patients With Parkinson Disease. Clin Neuropharmacol 2018; 40:255-260. [PMID: 29059133 DOI: 10.1097/wnf.0000000000000241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Blockade of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors containing the NR2B subunit has been shown to be therapeutic in animal models of Parkinson disease (PD). However, findings with investigational NR2B receptor antagonists in PD patients have been mixed. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the NR2B selective N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist MK-0657 on levodopa-induced dyskinesias and motor symptoms in PD patients. METHODS A randomized, double-blind, single-dose, 2-period crossover study was conducted in 22 patients with PD and levodopa-induced peak-dose dyskinesias. Patients received oral MK-0657 (7 mg) or placebo, in randomized order, on each of 2 test days. On both days, levodopa was administered as a 2-hour intravenous infusion at greater than or equal to 1 mg/kg per hour with frequent assessments of dyskinesia, motor function, and pharmacokinetics. RESULTS MK-0657 7 mg had no significant effect on dyskinesias (difference versus placebo in modified Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale mean change from baseline area under the curve over 5 hours, -2.3; 95% confidence interval, -5.1 to 0.4) or motor function (difference versus placebo in Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Part III mean change from baseline area under the curve over 5 hours, 13.9; 95% confidence interval, -1.7 to 29.5). MK-0657 7 mg achieved the target mean maximum plasma concentration of 400 nM. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that a single dose of MK-0657 7 mg is not effective in improving levodopa-induced dyskinesias and motor symptoms in PD patients. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov NCT00505843.
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Nazario LR, da Silva RS, Bonan CD. Targeting Adenosine Signaling in Parkinson's Disease: From Pharmacological to Non-pharmacological Approaches. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:658. [PMID: 29217998 PMCID: PMC5703841 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease displaying negative impacts on both the health and social ability of patients and considerable economical costs. The classical anti-parkinsonian drugs based in dopaminergic replacement are the standard treatment, but several motor side effects emerge during long-term use. This mini-review presents the rationale to several efforts from pre-clinical and clinical studies using adenosine receptor antagonists as a non-dopaminergic therapy. As several studies have indicated that the monotherapy with adenosine receptor antagonists reaches limited efficacy, the usage as a co-adjuvant appeared to be a promising strategy. The formulation of multi-targeted drugs, using adenosine receptor antagonists and other neurotransmitter systems than the dopaminergic one as targets, have been receiving attention since Parkinson's disease presents a complex biological impact. While pharmacological approaches to cure or ameliorate the conditions of PD are the leading strategy in this area, emerging positive aspects have arisen from non-pharmacological approaches and adenosine function inhibition appears to improve both strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza R Nazario
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Faculdade de Biociências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rosane S da Silva
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Faculdade de Biociências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carla D Bonan
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Faculdade de Biociências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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11
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Srikumar BN, Paschapur M, Kalidindi N, Adepu B, Das ML, Sreedhara MV, Kuchibhotla VK, Pieschl RL, Li YW, Ega DSP, Louis JV, Murugesan S, Naidu PS, Ramarao M, Bristow LJ, Vikramadithyan RK. Characterization of the adrenocorticotrophic hormone - induced mouse model of resistance to antidepressant drug treatment. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2017; 161:53-61. [PMID: 28911960 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 30-60% of patients treated with existing antidepressants fail to achieve remission of depressive symptoms leading to Treatment Resistant Depression (TRD). There is an urgent need to develop novel medications, which is highly limited by the non-availability of relevant animal models with good predictive validity. ACTH administration has been shown to result in the resistance to acute and chronic effects of imipramine. However, the pharmacology of the model and the mechanisms contributing to the resistance are not completely understood. Furthermore, it is not known whether the ACTH administered animals show signs of depression-like behavior. Accordingly, we characterized the behavioral profile and sensitivity to antidepressants in BALB/c mice treated with ACTH and to evaluate some of the mechanisms responsible for the behavioral effects. Daily treatment with ACTH for 14, 21 or 28days failed to produce a depression-like phenotype in the sucrose preference test, voluntary wheel running or FST. In contrast, the acute antidepressant response in the FST was no longer observed in ACTH mice treated with fluoxetine, imipramine, duloxetine or bupropion. Interestingly, the combination of fluoxetine and a low dose of olanzapine, or the combination of fluoxetine and bupropion was efficacious in ACTH treated mice. Further, the sensitivity to a GluN2B receptor antagonist, radiprodil was retained in the ACTH model. To understand the mechanism responsible for the diminished response in these mice, we evaluated p11 (S100A10) mRNA expression and 5-HT2A protein expression. p11 expression was decreased and 5-HT2A protein content increased in ACTH treated mice. In summary, this model may have utility for the identification of novel treatments for TRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettadapura N Srikumar
- Biocon-Bristol-Myers Squibb Research & Development Center, Biocon Park, Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra IV phase, Bangalore 560 099, India; Syngene International Limited, Bangalore, India.
| | - Mahesh Paschapur
- Biocon-Bristol-Myers Squibb Research & Development Center, Biocon Park, Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra IV phase, Bangalore 560 099, India; Syngene International Limited, Bangalore, India
| | - Narasimharaju Kalidindi
- Biocon-Bristol-Myers Squibb Research & Development Center, Biocon Park, Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra IV phase, Bangalore 560 099, India; Syngene International Limited, Bangalore, India
| | - Bharath Adepu
- Biocon-Bristol-Myers Squibb Research & Development Center, Biocon Park, Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra IV phase, Bangalore 560 099, India; Syngene International Limited, Bangalore, India
| | - Manish L Das
- Biocon-Bristol-Myers Squibb Research & Development Center, Biocon Park, Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra IV phase, Bangalore 560 099, India; Syngene International Limited, Bangalore, India
| | - Muppana V Sreedhara
- Biocon-Bristol-Myers Squibb Research & Development Center, Biocon Park, Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra IV phase, Bangalore 560 099, India; Syngene International Limited, Bangalore, India
| | - Vijaya K Kuchibhotla
- Biocon-Bristol-Myers Squibb Research & Development Center, Biocon Park, Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra IV phase, Bangalore 560 099, India; Syngene International Limited, Bangalore, India
| | - Rick L Pieschl
- Neuroscience Biology, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Wallingford, CT, USA
| | - Yu-Wen Li
- Neuroscience Biology, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Wallingford, CT, USA
| | - Durga Shiva Prasad Ega
- Biocon-Bristol-Myers Squibb Research & Development Center, Biocon Park, Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra IV phase, Bangalore 560 099, India; Syngene International Limited, Bangalore, India
| | - Justin V Louis
- Biocon-Bristol-Myers Squibb Research & Development Center, Biocon Park, Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra IV phase, Bangalore 560 099, India; Syngene International Limited, Bangalore, India
| | - Senthilkumar Murugesan
- Biocon-Bristol-Myers Squibb Research & Development Center, Biocon Park, Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra IV phase, Bangalore 560 099, India; Syngene International Limited, Bangalore, India
| | - Pattipati S Naidu
- Biocon-Bristol-Myers Squibb Research & Development Center, Biocon Park, Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra IV phase, Bangalore 560 099, India; Syngene International Limited, Bangalore, India
| | - Manjunath Ramarao
- Biocon-Bristol-Myers Squibb Research & Development Center, Biocon Park, Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra IV phase, Bangalore 560 099, India; Bristol-Myers Squibb India Pvt. Ltd., India.
| | - Linda J Bristow
- Neuroscience Biology, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Wallingford, CT, USA
| | - Reeba K Vikramadithyan
- Biocon-Bristol-Myers Squibb Research & Development Center, Biocon Park, Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra IV phase, Bangalore 560 099, India; Bristol-Myers Squibb India Pvt. Ltd., India
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12
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Michel A, Nicolas JM, Rose S, Jackson M, Colman P, Briône W, Sciberras D, Muglia P, Scheller DK, Citron M, Downey P. Antiparkinsonian effects of the "Radiprodil and Tozadenant" combination in MPTP-treated marmosets. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182887. [PMID: 28854243 PMCID: PMC5576667 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Investigate a combination of two clinically tested drugs, the NR2B antagonist Radiprodil and the A2A antagonist Tozadenant in the MPTP-treated marmoset model of Parkinson’s Disease (PD). Background In PD, there remains a need for the development of non-dopaminergic drugs to effectively treat the motor symptoms without the induction of L-Dopa-induced motor complications. Methods Clinically relevant doses of Radiprodil and Tozadenant were given both alone and in combination without the addition of L-Dopa, and the antiparkinsonian efficacy of the treatments was assessed in a primate model of PD. Results When compared to the drugs tested alone, the drug combination led to a significant increase of motor activity and an improvement of motor disability in MPTP-treated marmosets. In addition, the motor restoration brought about by the combination was almost completely devoid of dyskinesia. Interestingly, treated primates were not overstimulated, but were able to move normally when motivated by the exploration of novel objects. Conclusion We have demonstrated in a primate model that, the “Radiprodil/Tozadenant” combination significantly improves motor activity, extending previous results obtained in unilaterally lesioned 6-OHDA-rats. The strength of the preclinical data accumulated so far suggests that the use of such an A2A and NR2B antagonist combination could bring significant motor improvement to PD patients, without inducing the motor complications induced by L-Dopa therapy. Although encouraging, these preclinical data need to be confirmed in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Michel
- UCB BioPharma, Braine L’Alleud, Belgium
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Sarah Rose
- King’s College, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Jackson
- King’s College, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, London, United Kingdom
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13
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Becker G, Bahri MA, Michel A, Hustadt F, Garraux G, Luxen A, Lemaire C, Plenevaux A. Comparative assessment of 6-[ 18 F]fluoro-L-m-tyrosine and 6-[ 18 F]fluoro-L-dopa to evaluate dopaminergic presynaptic integrity in a Parkinson's disease rat model. J Neurochem 2017; 141:626-635. [PMID: 28294334 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Because of the progressive loss of nigro-striatal dopaminergic terminals in Parkinson's disease (PD), in vivo quantitative imaging of dopamine (DA) containing neurons in animal models of PD is of critical importance in the preclinical evaluation of highly awaited disease-modifying therapies. Among existing methods, the high sensitivity of positron emission tomography (PET) is attractive to achieve that goal. The aim of this study was to perform a quantitative comparison of brain images obtained in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesioned rats using two dopaminergic PET radiotracers, namely [18 F]fluoro-3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-L-alanine ([18 F]FDOPA) and 6-[18 F]fluoro-L-m-tyrosine ([18 F]FMT). Because the imaging signal is theoretically less contaminated by metabolites, we hypothesized that the latter would show stronger relationship with behavioural and post-mortem measures of striatal dopaminergic deficiency. We used a within-subject design to measure striatal [18 F]FMT and [18 F]FDOPA uptake in eight partially lesioned, eight fully lesioned and ten sham-treated rats. Animals were pretreated with an L-aromatic amino acid decarboxylase inhibitor. A catechol-O-methyl transferase inhibitor was also given before [18 F]FDOPA PET. Quantitative estimates of striatal uptake were computed using conventional graphical Patlak method. Striatal dopaminergic deficiencies were measured with apomorphine-induced rotations and post-mortem striatal DA content. We observed a strong relationship between [18 F]FMT and [18 F]FDOPA estimates of decreased uptake in the denervated striatum using the tissue-derived uptake rate constant Kc . However, only [18 F]FMT Kc succeeded to discriminate between the partial and the full 6-OHDA lesion and correlated well with the post-mortem striatal DA content. This study indicates that the [18 F]FMT could be more sensitive, with respect of [18 F]FDOPA, to investigate DA terminals loss in 6-OHDA rats, and open the way to in vivo L-aromatic amino acid decarboxylase activity targeting in future investigations on progressive PD models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anne Michel
- Neurosciences TA Biology, UCB Pharma, Braine L'Alleud, Belgium
| | - Fabian Hustadt
- Neurosciences TA Biology, UCB Pharma, Braine L'Alleud, Belgium
| | - Gaëtan Garraux
- GIGA - CRC In vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - André Luxen
- GIGA - CRC In vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Alain Plenevaux
- GIGA - CRC In vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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14
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Crystal structure of the adenosine A 2A receptor bound to an antagonist reveals a potential allosteric pocket. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:2066-2071. [PMID: 28167788 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1621423114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) has long been implicated in cardiovascular disorders. As more selective A2AR ligands are being identified, its roles in other disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, are starting to emerge, and A2AR antagonists are important drug candidates for nondopaminergic anti-Parkinson treatment. Here we report the crystal structure of A2A receptor bound to compound 1 (Cmpd-1), a novel A2AR/N-methyl d-aspartate receptor subtype 2B (NR2B) dual antagonist and potential anti-Parkinson candidate compound, at 3.5 Å resolution. The A2A receptor with a cytochrome b562-RIL (BRIL) fusion (A2AR-BRIL) in the intracellular loop 3 (ICL3) was crystallized in detergent micelles using vapor-phase diffusion. Whereas A2AR-BRIL bound to the antagonist ZM241385 has previously been crystallized in lipidic cubic phase (LCP), structural differences in the Cmpd-1-bound A2AR-BRIL prevented formation of the lattice observed with the ZM241385-bound receptor. The crystals grew with a type II crystal lattice in contrast to the typical type I packing seen from membrane protein structures crystallized in LCP. Cmpd-1 binds in a position that overlaps with the native ligand adenosine, but its methoxyphenyl group extends to an exosite not previously observed in other A2AR structures. Structural analysis revealed that Cmpd-1 binding results in the unique conformations of two tyrosine residues, Tyr91.35 and Tyr2717.36, which are critical for the formation of the exosite. The structure reveals insights into antagonist binding that are not observed in other A2AR structures, highlighting flexibility in the binding pocket that may facilitate the development of A2AR-selective compounds for the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
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15
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Mamedov VA, Mamedova VL, Khikmatova GZ, Mironova EV, Krivolapov DB, Bazanova OB, Chachkov DV, Katsyuba SA, Rizvanov IK, Latypov SK. A novel acid-catalyzed rearrangement of 2-substituted-3-(2-nitrophenyl)oxiranes for the synthesis of di- and mono-oxalamides. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra02586b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A new acid-catalyzed rearrangement of oxiranes for the syntheses of biologically important pharmaceutical molecules with anthranilic acid and oxalamide moieties has been discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vakhid A. Mamedov
- A. E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry
- Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- 420088 Kazan
- Russian Federation
- Kazan National Research Technological University
| | - Vera L. Mamedova
- A. E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry
- Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- 420088 Kazan
- Russian Federation
- Kazan National Research Technological University
| | | | - Ekaterina V. Mironova
- A. E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry
- Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- 420088 Kazan
- Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry B. Krivolapov
- A. E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry
- Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- 420088 Kazan
- Russian Federation
| | - Olga B. Bazanova
- A. E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry
- Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- 420088 Kazan
- Russian Federation
| | - Denis V. Chachkov
- Kazan National Research Technological University
- 420015 Kazan
- Russian Federation
| | - Sergey A. Katsyuba
- A. E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry
- Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- 420088 Kazan
- Russian Federation
| | - Il'dar Kh Rizvanov
- A. E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry
- Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- 420088 Kazan
- Russian Federation
| | - Shamil K. Latypov
- A. E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry
- Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- 420088 Kazan
- Russian Federation
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Indirubin-3-Oxime Effectively Prevents 6OHDA-Induced Neurotoxicity in PC12 Cells via Activating MEF2D Through the Inhibition of GSK3β. J Mol Neurosci 2015; 57:561-70. [PMID: 26346600 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-015-0638-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Indirubin-3-oxime (I3O), a synthetic derivative of indirubin, was originally designed as potent inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) for leukemia therapy. In the current study, we have shown, for the first time, that I3O prevented 6-hydroxydopamine (6OHDA)-induced neuronal apoptosis and intracellular reactive oxygen species accumulation in PC12 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. GSK3β inhibitors but not CDK5 inhibitors reduced the neurotoxicity induced by 6OHDA. Moreover, the activation of GSK3β was observed after 6OHDA treatment. Furthermore, 6OHDA substantially decreased the transcriptional activity of myocyte enhancer factor 2D (MEF2D), a transcription factor that plays an important role in dopaminergic neuron survival, and reduced nuclear localized MEF2D expression. Interestingly, indirubin-3-oxime and GSK3β inhibitors prevented 6OHDA-induced dysregulation of MEF2D. In addition, short hairpin RNA-mediated decrease of MEF2D expression significantly abolished the neuroprotective effects of indirubin-3-oxime. Collectively, our results strongly suggested that indirubin-3-oxime prevented 6OHDA-induced neurotoxicity via activating MEF2D, possibly through the inhibition of GSK3β. In view of the capability of indirubin-3-oxime to cross the blood-brain barrier, our findings further indicated that indirubin-3-oxime might be a novel drug candidate for neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson's disease in particular.
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Zhan Z, Cheng X, Ma X, Li J, Hai L, Wu Y. Hydrogen peroxide-promoted metal free oxidative amidation of 2-oxoaldehydes: a facile access to unsymmetrical oxamides. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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18
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Michel A, Downey P, Van Damme X, De Wolf C, Schwarting R, Scheller D. Behavioural Assessment of the A2a/NR2B Combination in the Unilateral 6-OHDA-Lesioned Rat Model: A New Method to Examine the Therapeutic Potential of Non-Dopaminergic Drugs. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135949. [PMID: 26322641 PMCID: PMC4555651 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In Parkinson's disease (PD), dopaminergic therapies are often associated with the development of motor complications. Attention has therefore been focused on the use of non-dopaminergic drugs. This study developed a new behavioural method capable of demonstrating the added value of combining adenosinergic and glutamatergic receptor antagonists in unilateral 6-OHDA lesioned rats. Rats were dosed orally with Tozadenant, a selective A2A receptor antagonist, and three different doses of Radiprodil, an NR2B-selective NMDA receptor antagonist. The drugs were given alone or in combination and rats were placed in an open-field for behavioural monitoring. Video recordings were automatically analysed. Five different behaviours were scored: distance traveled, ipsi- and contraversive turns, body position, and space occupancy. The results show that A2A or NR2B receptor antagonists given alone or in combination did not produce enhanced turning as observed with an active dose of L-Dopa/benserazide. Instead the treated rats maintained a straight body position, were able to shift from one direction to the other and occupied a significantly larger space in the arena. The highest "Tozadenant/Radiprodil" dose combination significantly increased all five behavioural parameters recorded compared to rats treated with vehicle or the same doses of the drugs alone. Our data suggest that the A2A/NR2B antagonist combination may be able to stimulate motor activity to a similar level as that achieved by L-Dopa but in the absence of the side-effects that are associated with dopaminergic hyperstimulation. If these results translate into the clinic, this combination could represent an alternative symptomatic treatment option for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Michel
- UCB Biopharma SPRL, Neurosciences TA Biology, Braine l’Alleud, Belgium
| | - Patrick Downey
- UCB Biopharma SPRL, Neurosciences TA Biology, Braine l’Alleud, Belgium
| | - Xavier Van Damme
- UCB Biopharma SPRL, Strategy & Alliance Management, Braine l’Alleud, Belgium
| | - Catherine De Wolf
- UCB Biopharma SPRL, Neurosciences TA Biology, Braine l’Alleud, Belgium
| | - Rainer Schwarting
- Philipps-University of Marburg, Behavioural Neuroscience, Marburg, Germany
| | - Dieter Scheller
- UCB Biopharma SPRL, Neurosciences TA Biology, Braine l’Alleud, Belgium
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19
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Zheng Y, Zhan Z, Cheng X, Ma X, Li J, Hai L, Wu Y. Cumyl Hydroperoxide-Promoted Oxidative Amidation of 2-Oxoaldehydes with Amines under Metal-Free Conditions for the Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Oxamides. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201500180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting of Education Ministry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry; West China School of Pharmacy; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610041 P. R. China
| | - Zhen Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting of Education Ministry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry; West China School of Pharmacy; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610041 P. R. China
| | - Xu Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting of Education Ministry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry; West China School of Pharmacy; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610041 P. R. China
| | - Xiaojun Ma
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting of Education Ministry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry; West China School of Pharmacy; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610041 P. R. China
| | - Jie Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting of Education Ministry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry; West China School of Pharmacy; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610041 P. R. China
| | - Li Hai
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting of Education Ministry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry; West China School of Pharmacy; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610041 P. R. China
| | - Yong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting of Education Ministry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry; West China School of Pharmacy; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610041 P. R. China
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