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Lahimgarzadeh R, Vaseghi S, Nasehi M, Rouhollah F. Effect of multi-epitope derived from HIV-1 on REM sleep deprivation-induced spatial memory impairment with respect to the level of immune factors in mice. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022; 25:164-172. [PMID: 35655593 PMCID: PMC9124535 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2022.61175.13536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Sleep deprivation (SD) has a negative impact on cognitive functions including learning and memory. Many studies have shown that rapid-eye-movement (REM) SD also disrupts memory performance. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of multi-epitope Gag-Pol-Env-Tat derived from Human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) on REM SD-induced spatial memory impairment with respect to the levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-17 (IL-17), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1), immunoglobulin G2a (IgG2a), and lymphocyte proliferation in NMRI mice. We used multi-epitope Gag-Pol-Env-Tat derived from HIV-1 because Gag-Pol-Env-Tat immunogen sequence is one of the most sensitive immunogen sequences of HIV-1 that can significantly augment cellular and humoral immune systems, leading to the improvement of cognitive functions. Materials and Methods Morris water maze apparatus was used to assess spatial memory, and multi-platform apparatus was used to induce RSD for 24 hr. Multi-epitope derived from HIV-1 was subcutaneously injected at the dose of 20 µgr/ml, once and fourteen days before RSD. Results RSD impaired spatial memory and injection of multi-epitope derived from HIV-1 reversed this effect. RSD decreased IL-4, IgG1, and IgG2a levels, while multi-epitope derived from HIV-1 reversed these effects. Multi-epitope derived from HIV-1 also increased lymphocyte proliferation and decreased IL-17 levels in both control and RSD mice. Conclusion Multi-epitope derived from HIV-1 may improve memory performance via induction of anti-inflammatory immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Lahimgarzadeh
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Salar Vaseghi
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nasehi
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute for Cognitive Science Studies (ICSS), Tehran, Iran ,Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Amir-Almomenin Hospital, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rouhollah
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran ,Corresponding author: Fatemeh Rouhollah. Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. Tel: +98-21-66402569; Fax: +98-21-66402569;
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2
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Yang T, Minami M, Yoshida K, Nagata M, Yamamoto Y, Takayama N, Suzuki K, Miyata T, Okawa M, Miyamoto S. Niclosamide downregulates LOX-1 expression in mouse vascular smooth muscle cells and changes the composition of atherosclerotic plaques in ApoE -/- mice. Heart Vessels 2021; 37:517-527. [PMID: 34807278 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-021-01983-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Genetic lineage tracing studies have shown that phenotypic switching of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) results in less-differentiated cells, including macrophage-like cells that lack traditional VSMC markers. This switching contributes to the formation of necrotic core in plaques and promotes atherosclerosis, which is important for plaque stability. Niclosamide, a commonly used anti-helminthic drug, has recently attracted attention as an anti-cancer drug that inhibits multiple signaling pathways. The expression of the S100A4 protein is upregulated in synthetic VSMCs and inhibited by niclosamide on metastatic progression in colon cancer. We aimed to test the effect of niclosamide on VSMC phenotype switching and plaque stability. To examine murine atherosclerosis, we induced experimental lesions by blood flow cessation in apolipoprotein E knockout mice fed a high-fat diet. Oral administration of niclosamide changed 4-week-old plaques to collagen-rich and less-necrotic core phenotypes and downregulated the expression of lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) in vivo. In vitro analysis indicated that niclosamide reduced LOX-1 expression in VSMCs in a concentration-dependent and S100A4-independent manner. The inhibitory effect of niclosamide on LOX-1 and collagen type I was associated with the inactivation of the nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway. We demonstrated that the administration of niclosamide reduced LOX-1 expression and altered the composition of murine carotid plaques. Our results highlight the potential of niclosamide as an atheroprotective agent that enhances atherosclerotic plaque stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogun, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.,Department of Clinical Innovative Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogun, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Manabu Minami
- Department of Clinical Innovative Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogun, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Kazumichi Yoshida
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogun, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Manabu Nagata
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogun, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.,Department of Clinical Innovative Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogun, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yu Yamamoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogun, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.,Department of Clinical Innovative Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogun, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Naoki Takayama
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogun, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Keita Suzuki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogun, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Takeshi Miyata
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogun, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.,Department of Clinical Innovative Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogun, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Masakazu Okawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogun, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Susumu Miyamoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogun, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
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Ma Y, Tang K, Zhang Y, Zhang C, Cheng L, Zhang F, Zhuang R, Jin B, Zhang Y. Protective CD8 + T-cell response against Hantaan virus infection induced by immunization with designed linear multi-epitope peptides in HLA-A2.1/K b transgenic mice. Virol J 2020; 17:146. [PMID: 33028368 PMCID: PMC7538842 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-020-01421-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background An effective vaccine that prevents disease caused by hantaviruses is a global public health priority, but up to now, no vaccine has been approved for worldwide use. Therefore, novel vaccines with high prophylaxis efficacy are urgently needed. Methods Herein, we designed and synthesized Hantaan virus (HTNV) linear multi-epitope peptide consisting of HLA-A*02-restricted HTNV cytotoxic T cell (CTL) epitope and pan HLA-DR-binding epitope (PADRE), and evaluated the immunogenicity, as well as effectiveness, of multi-epitope peptides in HLA-A2.1/Kb transgenic mice with interferon (IFN)-γ enzyme-linked immunospot assay, cytotoxic mediator detection, proliferation assay and HTNV-challenge test. Results The results showed that a much higher frequency of specific IFN-γ-secreting CTLs, high levels of granzyme B production, and a strong proliferation capacity of specific CTLs were observed in splenocytes of mice immunized with multi-epitope peptide than in those of a single CTL epitope. Moreover, pre-immunization of multi-epitope peptide could reduce the levels of HTNV RNA loads in the liver, spleen and kidneys of mice, indicating that specific CTL responses induced by multi-epitope peptide could reduce HTNV RNA loads in vivo. Conclusions This study may provide an important foundation for the development of novel peptide vaccines for HTNV prophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ma
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Kang Tang
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yusi Zhang
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Chunmei Zhang
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Linfeng Cheng
- Department of Microbiology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Fanglin Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Ran Zhuang
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Boquan Jin
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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Nevagi RJ, Khalil ZG, Hussein WM, Powell J, Batzloff MR, Capon RJ, Good MF, Skwarczynski M, Toth I. Polyglutamic acid-trimethyl chitosan-based intranasal peptide nano-vaccine induces potent immune responses against group A streptococcus. Acta Biomater 2018; 80:278-287. [PMID: 30266637 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Peptide-based vaccines have the potential to overcome the limitations of classical vaccines; however, their use is hampered by a lack of carriers and adjuvants suitable for human use. In this study, an efficient self-adjuvanting peptide vaccine delivery system was developed based on the ionic interactions between cationic trimethyl chitosan (TMC) and a peptide antigen coupled with synthetically defined anionic α-poly-(l-glutamic acid) (PGA). The antigen, possessing a conserved B-cell epitope derived from the group A streptococcus (GAS) pathogen and a universal T-helper epitope, was conjugated to PGA using cycloaddition reaction. The produced anionic conjugate formed nanoparticles (NP-1) through interaction with cationic TMC. These NP-1 induced higher systemic and mucosal antibody titers compared to antigen adjuvanted with standard mucosal adjuvant cholera toxin B subunit or antigen mixed with TMC. The produced serum antibodies were also opsonic against clinically isolated GAS strains. Further, a reduction in bacterial burden was observed in nasal secretions, pharyngeal surface and nasopharyngeal-associated lymphoid tissue of mice immunized with NP-1 in GAS challenge studies. Thus, conjugation of defined-length anionic polymer to peptide antigen as a means of formulating ionic interaction-based nanoparticles with cationic polymer is a promising strategy for peptide antigen delivery. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: A self-adjuvanting delivery system is required for peptide vaccines to enhance antigen delivery to immune cells and generate systemic and mucosal immunity. Herein, we developed a novel self-adjuvanting nanoparticulate delivery system for peptide antigens by combining polymer-conjugation and complexation strategies. We conjugated peptide antigen with anionic α-poly-(l-glutamic acid) that in turn, formed nanoparticles with cationic trimethyl chitosan by ionic interactions, without using external crosslinker. On intranasal administration to mice, these nanoparticles induced systemic and mucosal immunity, at low dose. Additionally, nanoparticles provided protection to vaccinated mice against group A streptococcus infection. Thus, this concept should be particularly useful in developing nanoparticles for the delivery of peptide antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshma J Nevagi
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Zeinab G Khalil
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Waleed M Hussein
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jessica Powell
- Institute of Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4215, Australia
| | - Michael R Batzloff
- Institute of Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4215, Australia
| | - Robert J Capon
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Michael F Good
- Institute of Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4215, Australia
| | - Mariusz Skwarczynski
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Istvan Toth
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; Institute of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia.
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Cafaro A, Sgadari C, Picconi O, Tripiciano A, Moretti S, Francavilla V, Pavone Cossut MR, Buttò S, Cozzone G, Ensoli F, Monini P, Ensoli B. "cART intensification by the HIV-1 Tat B clade vaccine: progress to phase III efficacy studies". Expert Rev Vaccines 2017; 17:115-126. [PMID: 29243498 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2018.1418666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In spite of its success at suppressing HIV replication, combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) only partially reduces immune dysregulation and loss of immune functions. These cART-unmet needs appear to be due to persistent virus replication and cell-to-cell transmission in reservoirs, and are causes of increased patients' morbidity and mortality. Up to now, therapeutic interventions aimed at cART-intensification by attacking the virus reservoir have failed. AREAS COVERED We briefly review the rationale and clinical development of Tat therapeutic vaccine in cART-treated subjects in Italy and South Africa (SA). Vaccination with clade-B Tat induced cross-clade neutralizing antibodies, immune restoration, including CD4+ T cell increase particularly in low immunological responders, and reduction of proviral DNA. Phase III efficacy trials in SA are planned both in adult and pediatric populations. EXPERT COMMENTARY We propose the Tat therapeutic vaccine as a pathogenesis-driven intervention that effectively intensifies cART and may lead to a functional cure and provide new perspectives for prevention and virus eradication strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelio Cafaro
- a National HIV/AIDS Research Center , Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Rome , Italy
| | - Cecilia Sgadari
- a National HIV/AIDS Research Center , Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Rome , Italy
| | - Orietta Picconi
- a National HIV/AIDS Research Center , Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Rome , Italy
| | - Antonella Tripiciano
- a National HIV/AIDS Research Center , Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Rome , Italy
| | - Sonia Moretti
- a National HIV/AIDS Research Center , Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Rome , Italy
| | - Vittorio Francavilla
- a National HIV/AIDS Research Center , Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Rome , Italy
| | | | - Stefano Buttò
- a National HIV/AIDS Research Center , Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Rome , Italy
| | | | - Fabrizio Ensoli
- b Laboratory of Clinical Pathology and Microbiology, San Gallicano Institute , Istituti Fisioterapici Ospitalieri , Rome , Italy
| | - Paolo Monini
- a National HIV/AIDS Research Center , Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Rome , Italy
| | - Barbara Ensoli
- a National HIV/AIDS Research Center , Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Rome , Italy
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Nordström T, Pandey M, Calcutt A, Powell J, Phillips ZN, Yeung G, Giddam AK, Shi Y, Haselhorst T, von Itzstein M, Batzloff MR, Good MF. Enhancing Vaccine Efficacy by Engineering a Complex Synthetic Peptide To Become a Super Immunogen. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:2794-2802. [PMID: 28904125 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Peptides offer enormous promise as vaccines to prevent and protect against many infectious and noninfectious diseases. However, to date, limited vaccine efficacy has been reported and none have been licensed for human use. Innovative ways to enhance their immunogenicity are being tested, but rational sequence modification as a means to improve immune responsiveness has been neglected. Our objective was to establish a two-step generic protocol to modify defined amino acids of a helical peptide epitope to create a superior immunogen. Peptide variants of p145, a conserved helical peptide epitope from the M protein of Streptococcus pyogenes, were designed by exchanging one amino acid at a time, without altering their α-helical structure, which is required for correct antigenicity. The immunogenicities of new peptides were assessed in outbred mice. Vaccine efficacy was assessed in a skin challenge and invasive disease model. Out of 86 variants of p145, seven amino acid substitutions were selected and made the basis of the design for 18 new peptides. Of these, 13 were more immunogenic than p145; 7 induced Abs with significantly higher affinity for p145 than Abs induced by p145 itself; and 1 peptide induced more than 10,000-fold greater protection following challenge than the parent peptide. This peptide also only required a single immunization (compared with three immunizations with the parent peptide) to induce complete protection against invasive streptococcal disease. This study defines a strategy to rationally improve the immunogenicity of peptides and will have broad applicability to the development of vaccines for infectious and noninfectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Therése Nordström
- The QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia; and
| | - Manisha Pandey
- The QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia; and .,Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Ainslie Calcutt
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Jessica Powell
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Zachary N Phillips
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Grace Yeung
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Ashwini K Giddam
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Yun Shi
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Thomas Haselhorst
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Mark von Itzstein
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Michael R Batzloff
- The QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia; and.,Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Michael F Good
- The QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia; and .,Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Queensland 4222, Australia
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7
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Jiang P, Du W, Xiong Y, Lv Y, Feng J, Zhu S, Xue X, Chen S, Zhang L. Hepatitis B virus core antigen as a carrier for Chlamydia trachomatis MOMP multi-epitope peptide enhances protection against genital chlamydial infection. Oncotarget 2016; 6:43281-92. [PMID: 26657117 PMCID: PMC4791232 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) is the leading cause of sexually transmitted diseases worldwide. There is no safe and effective vaccine to control the spread of Ct. In development of Ct vaccine, selection of appropriate candidate antigens and an effective delivery system may be the main challenges. Multi-epitope of major outer membrane protein (MOMPm) is the most suitable candidate for a Ct vaccine, while hepatitis B virus core antigen (HBcAg) has unique advantages as vaccine delivery system. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the immunogenicity and protective immune response of a novel candidate vaccine in a murine model of chlamydial genital infection. This candidate vaccine comprises MOMPm peptide delivered with HBcAg. Our results of Ct-specific serum IgG and secretory IgA assay, cytokine assay, and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte assay revealed that immunogenicity of the candidate vaccine was much better than that of the corresponding synthetic MOMPm peptide. Furthermore, the protective effect of the candidate vaccine was also shown much better than that of the synthetic peptide by calculating the isolation of Chlamydia from vaginal swabs and histopathological analysis. Taken together, our results indicate that HBcAg carrying Ct MOMPm could be an effective immune prophylactic for chlamydial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Jiang
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Wangqi Du
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Yirong Xiong
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Yan Lv
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Juan Feng
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Shanli Zhu
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Xiangyang Xue
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Shao Chen
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Lifang Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
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Toll-Like Receptor 9 Activation Rescues Impaired Antibody Response in Needle-free Intradermal DNA Vaccination. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33564. [PMID: 27658623 PMCID: PMC5034244 DOI: 10.1038/srep33564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The delivery of plasmid DNA to the skin can target distinct subsets of dermal dendritic cells to confer a superior immune response. The needle-free immunization technology offers a reliable, safe and efficient means to administer intradermal (ID) injections. We report here that the ID injection of DNA vectors using an NF device (NF-ID) elicits a superior cell-mediated immune response, at much lesser DNA dosage, comparable in magnitude to the traditional intramuscular immunization. However, the humoral response is significantly impaired, possibly at the stage of B cell isotype switching. We found that the NF-ID administration deposits the DNA primarily on the epidermis resulting in a rapid loss of the DNA as well as the synthesized antigen due to the faster regeneration rate of the skin layers. Therefore, despite the immune-rich nature of the skin, the NF-ID immunization of DNA vectors may be limited by the impaired humoral response. Additional booster injections are required to augment the antibody response. As an alternative and a viable solution, we rescued the IgG response by coadministration of a Toll-like receptor 9 agonist, among other adjuvants examined. Our work has important implication for the optimization of the emerging needle-free technology for ID immunization.
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