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Wang X, Li Y, Li B, Shang H, Yang J. Gray matter alterations in Huntington's disease: A meta-analysis of VBM neuroimaging studies. J Neurosci Res 2024; 102:e25366. [PMID: 38953592 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Increasing neuroimaging studies have attempted to identify biomarkers of Huntington's disease (HD) progression. Here, we conducted voxel-based meta-analyses of voxel-based morphometry (VBM) studies on HD to investigate the evolution of gray matter volume (GMV) alterations and explore the effects of genetic and clinical features on GMV changes. A systematic review was performed to identify the relevant studies. Meta-analyses of whole-brain VBM studies were performed to assess the regional GMV changes in all HD mutation carriers, in presymptomatic HD (pre-HD), and in symptomatic HD (sym-HD). A quantitative comparison was performed between pre-HD and sym-HD. Meta-regression analyses were used to explore the effects of genetic and clinical features on GMV changes. Twenty-eight studies were included, comparing a total of 1811 HD mutation carriers [including 1150 pre-HD and 560 sym-HD] and 969 healthy controls (HCs). Pre-HD showed decreased GMV in the bilateral caudate nuclei, putamen, insula, anterior cingulate/paracingulate gyri, middle temporal gyri, and left dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus compared with HCs. Compared with pre-HD, GMV decrease in sym-HD extended to the bilateral median cingulate/paracingulate gyri, Rolandic operculum and middle occipital gyri, left amygdala, and superior temporal gyrus. Meta-regression analyses found that age, mean lengths of CAG repeats, and disease burden were negatively associated with GMV atrophy of the bilateral caudate and right insula in all HD mutation carriers. This meta-analysis revealed the pattern of GMV changes from pre-HD to sym-HD, prompting the understanding of HD progression. The pattern of GMV changes may be biomarkers for disease progression in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Wang
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuming Li
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Boyi Li
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Huifang Shang
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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2
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Le Stanc L, Lunven M, Giavazzi M, Sliwinski A, Youssov K, Bachoud-Lévi AC, Jacquemot C. Cognitive reserve involves decision making and is associated with left parietal and hippocampal hypertrophy in neurodegeneration. Commun Biol 2024; 7:741. [PMID: 38890487 PMCID: PMC11189446 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06416-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Cognitive reserve is the ability to actively cope with brain deterioration and delay cognitive decline in neurodegenerative diseases. It operates by optimizing performance through differential recruitment of brain networks or alternative cognitive strategies. We investigated cognitive reserve using Huntington's disease (HD) as a genetic model of neurodegeneration to compare premanifest HD, manifest HD, and controls. Contrary to manifest HD, premanifest HD behave as controls despite neurodegeneration. By decomposing the cognitive processes underlying decision making, drift diffusion models revealed a response profile that differs progressively from controls to premanifest and manifest HD. Here, we show that cognitive reserve in premanifest HD is supported by an increased rate of evidence accumulation compensating for the abnormal increase in the amount of evidence needed to make a decision. This higher rate is associated with left superior parietal and hippocampal hypertrophy, and exhibits a bell shape over the course of disease progression, characteristic of compensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorna Le Stanc
- Département d'Études Cognitives, École Normale Supérieure-PSL, Paris, France
- Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Inserm U955, Equipe E01 Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle, Créteil, France
- Université Paris-Est Créteil, Faculté de Santé, Créteil, France
- Université Paris Cité, LaPsyDÉ, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Marine Lunven
- Département d'Études Cognitives, École Normale Supérieure-PSL, Paris, France
- Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Inserm U955, Equipe E01 Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle, Créteil, France
- Université Paris-Est Créteil, Faculté de Santé, Créteil, France
| | - Maria Giavazzi
- Département d'Études Cognitives, École Normale Supérieure-PSL, Paris, France
- Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Inserm U955, Equipe E01 Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle, Créteil, France
- Université Paris-Est Créteil, Faculté de Santé, Créteil, France
| | - Agnès Sliwinski
- Département d'Études Cognitives, École Normale Supérieure-PSL, Paris, France
- Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Inserm U955, Equipe E01 Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle, Créteil, France
- Université Paris-Est Créteil, Faculté de Santé, Créteil, France
- AP-HP, Centre de Référence Maladie de Huntington, Service de Neurologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor-Albert Chenevier, Créteil, France
| | - Katia Youssov
- Département d'Études Cognitives, École Normale Supérieure-PSL, Paris, France
- Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Inserm U955, Equipe E01 Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle, Créteil, France
- Université Paris-Est Créteil, Faculté de Santé, Créteil, France
- AP-HP, Centre de Référence Maladie de Huntington, Service de Neurologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor-Albert Chenevier, Créteil, France
| | - Anne-Catherine Bachoud-Lévi
- Département d'Études Cognitives, École Normale Supérieure-PSL, Paris, France
- Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Inserm U955, Equipe E01 Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle, Créteil, France
- Université Paris-Est Créteil, Faculté de Santé, Créteil, France
- AP-HP, Centre de Référence Maladie de Huntington, Service de Neurologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor-Albert Chenevier, Créteil, France
| | - Charlotte Jacquemot
- Département d'Études Cognitives, École Normale Supérieure-PSL, Paris, France.
- Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Inserm U955, Equipe E01 Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle, Créteil, France.
- Université Paris-Est Créteil, Faculté de Santé, Créteil, France.
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Kanishka, Jha SK. Compensatory cognition in neurological diseases and aging: A review of animal and human studies. AGING BRAIN 2023; 3:100061. [PMID: 36911258 PMCID: PMC9997140 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbas.2022.100061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Specialized individual circuits in the brain are recruited for specific functions. Interestingly, multiple neural circuitries continuously compete with each other to acquire the specialized function. However, the dominant among them compete and become the central neural network for that particular function. For example, the hippocampal principal neural circuitries are the dominant networks among many which are involved in learning processes. But, in the event of damage to the principal circuitry, many times, less dominant networks compensate for the primary network. This review highlights the psychopathologies of functional loss and the aspects of functional recuperation in the absence of the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanishka
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Sushil K Jha
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
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Kang W, Wang J, Malvaso A. Inhibitory Control in Aging: The Compensation-Related Utilization of Neural Circuits Hypothesis. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 13:771885. [PMID: 35967887 PMCID: PMC9371469 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.771885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As one of the core executive functions, inhibitory control plays an important role in human life. Inhibitory control refers to the ability to suppress task irrelevant information both internally and externally. Modern cognitive neuroscience has extensively investigated the neural basis of inhibitory control, less is known about the inhibitory control mechanisms in aging. Growing interests in cognitive declines of aging have given raise to the compensation-related utilization of neural circuits hypothesis (CRUNCH). In this review, we survey both behavioral, functional, and structural changes relevant to inhibitory control in aging. In line with CRUNCH, we found that older adults engage additional brain regions than younger adults when performing the same cognitive task, to compensate for declining brain structures and functions. Moreover, we propose CRUNCH could well take functional inhibitory deficits in older adults into account. Finally, we provide three sensible future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixi Kang
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Weixi Kang,
| | - Junxin Wang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Antonio Malvaso
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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Khan W, Alusi S, Tawfik H, Hussain A. The relationship between non-motor features and weight-loss in the premanifest stage of Huntington's disease. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253817. [PMID: 34197537 PMCID: PMC8248657 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Weight-loss is an integral part of Huntington's disease (HD) that can start before the onset of motor symptoms. Investigating the underlying pathological processes may help in the understanding of this devastating disease as well as contribute to its management. However, the complex behavior and associations of multiple biological factors is impractical to be interpreted by the conventional statistics or human experts. For the first time, we combine a clinical dataset, expert knowledge and machine intelligence to model the multi-dimensional associations between the potentially relevant factors and weight-loss activity in HD, specifically at the premanifest stage. The HD dataset is standardized and transformed into required knowledge base with the help of clinical HD experts, which is then processed by the class rule mining and self-organising maps to identify the significant associations. Statistical results and experts' report indicate a strong association between severe weight-loss in HD at the premanifest stage and measures of certain cognitive, psychiatric functional ability factors. These results suggest that the mechanism underlying weight-loss in HD is, at least partly related to dysfunction of certain areas of the brain, a finding that may have not been apparent otherwise. These associations will aid the understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease and its progression and may in turn help in HD treatment trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasiq Khan
- School of Computer Science and Mathematics, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Sundus Alusi
- Department of Neurology, The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Hissam Tawfik
- School of Built Environment, Engineering and Computing, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Abir Hussain
- School of Computer Science and Mathematics, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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6
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Keon M, Musrie B, Dinger M, Brennan SE, Santos J, Saksena NK. Destination Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Front Neurol 2021; 12:596006. [PMID: 33854469 PMCID: PMC8039771 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.596006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a prototypical neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive degeneration of motor neurons both in the brain and spinal cord. The constantly evolving nature of ALS represents a fundamental dimension of individual differences that underlie this disorder, yet it involves multiple levels of functional entities that alternate in different directions and finally converge functionally to define ALS disease progression. ALS may start from a single entity and gradually becomes multifactorial. However, the functional convergence of these diverse entities in eventually defining ALS progression is poorly understood. Various hypotheses have been proposed without any consensus between the for-and-against schools of thought. The present review aims to capture explanatory hierarchy both in terms of hypotheses and mechanisms to provide better insights on how they functionally connect. We can then integrate them within a common functional frame of reference for a better understanding of ALS and defining future treatments and possible therapeutic strategies. Here, we provide a philosophical understanding of how early leads are crucial to understanding the endpoints in ALS, because invariably, all early symptomatic leads are underpinned by neurodegeneration at the cellular, molecular and genomic levels. Consolidation of these ideas could be applied to other neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) and guide further critical thinking to unveil their roadmap of destination ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt Keon
- GenieUs Genomics Pty Ltd., Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Marcel Dinger
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Jerran Santos
- Advanced Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Biology Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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7
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McDonell KE, Ciriegio AE, Pfalzer AC, Hale L, Shiino S, Riordan H, Moroz S, Darby RR, Compas BE, Claassen DO. Risk-Taking Behaviors in Huntington's Disease. J Huntingtons Dis 2020; 9:359-369. [PMID: 33164940 DOI: 10.3233/jhd-200431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Risky behaviors are common in Huntington's disease (HD) and can lead to significant adverse consequences. However, the prevalence and scope of these symptoms have not been studied systematically, and no empirically validated measures are available to screen for them. OBJECTIVE To test a novel screening tool designed to assess risk-taking behaviors in HD. METHODS We administered the Risk Behavior Questionnaire (RBQ-HD) to HD patients and caregivers at Vanderbilt University Medical Center between 2018-2019. Patients completed the questionnaire based on self-report; caregivers provided collateral reports. Clinical and demographic information were obtained from the electronic medical record. RESULTS 60 patients and 60 caregivers completed the RBQ-HD. 80% of patients (n = 48) and 91.7% of caregivers (n = 60) reported at least one risky behavior. Adverse social behaviors, impulsive/compulsive behaviors, and reckless driving were the most common behavioral domains reported. Male patients were more likely to report risky behaviors than females (92.3% vs. 70.6%, p = 0.04). The number of risky behaviors reported by patients and caregivers was negatively correlated with patient age (r = -0.32, p = 0.01; r = -0.47, p = 0.0001, respectively). Patient and caregiver reports were highly correlated in matched pairs (n = 30; r = 0.63, p = 0.0002). CONCLUSION These findings emphasize that risky behaviors are highly prevalent in HD and can be effectively identified through the use of a novel screening measure. We hypothesize that early pathological involvement of frontostriatal and mesolimbic networks may be important factors in the development of these behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E McDonell
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Abagail E Ciriegio
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Anna C Pfalzer
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lisa Hale
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Shuhei Shiino
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Heather Riordan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Child Neurology, Vanderbilt Children's Hospital, United States
| | - Sarah Moroz
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - R Ryan Darby
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Bruce E Compas
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Daniel O Claassen
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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8
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Pini L, Youssov K, Sambataro F, Bachoud‐Levi A, Vallesi A, Jacquemot C. Striatal connectivity in pre‐manifest Huntington’s disease is differentially affected by disease burden. Eur J Neurol 2020; 27:2147-2157. [DOI: 10.1111/ene.14423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Pini
- Department of Neuroscience & Padova Neuroscience Center University of Padova Padova Italy
| | - K. Youssov
- Département d'Études Cognitives École Normale Supérieure PSL University ParisFrance
- Faculté de Santé Université Paris‐Est Créteil CréteilFrance
- Inserm U955 Equipe E01 NeuroPsychologie Interventionnelle Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale CréteilFrance
- Centre de référence Maladie de Huntington Service de Neurologie Hôpital Henri Mondor, AP‐HP Créteil France
| | - F. Sambataro
- Department of Neuroscience & Padova Neuroscience Center University of Padova Padova Italy
| | - A.‐C. Bachoud‐Levi
- Département d'Études Cognitives École Normale Supérieure PSL University ParisFrance
- Faculté de Santé Université Paris‐Est Créteil CréteilFrance
- Inserm U955 Equipe E01 NeuroPsychologie Interventionnelle Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale CréteilFrance
- Centre de référence Maladie de Huntington Service de Neurologie Hôpital Henri Mondor, AP‐HP Créteil France
| | - A. Vallesi
- Department of Neuroscience & Padova Neuroscience Center University of Padova Padova Italy
- Brain Imaging and Neural Dynamics Research Group IRCCS San Camillo Hospital Venice Italy
| | - C. Jacquemot
- Département d'Études Cognitives École Normale Supérieure PSL University ParisFrance
- Faculté de Santé Université Paris‐Est Créteil CréteilFrance
- Inserm U955 Equipe E01 NeuroPsychologie Interventionnelle Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale CréteilFrance
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9
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Cheong RY, Gabery S, Petersén Å. The Role of Hypothalamic Pathology for Non-Motor Features of Huntington's Disease. J Huntingtons Dis 2020; 8:375-391. [PMID: 31594240 PMCID: PMC6839491 DOI: 10.3233/jhd-190372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Huntington’s disease (HD) is a fatal genetic neurodegenerative disorder. It has mainly been considered a movement disorder with cognitive symptoms and these features have been associated with pathology of the striatum and cerebral cortex. Importantly, individuals with the mutant huntingtin gene suffer from a spectrum of non-motor features often decades before the motor disorder manifests. These symptoms and signs include a range of psychiatric symptoms, sleep problems and metabolic changes with weight loss particularly in later stages. A higher body mass index at diagnosis is associated with slower disease progression. The common psychiatric symptom of apathy progresses with the disease. The fact that non-motor features are present early in the disease and that they show an association to disease progression suggest that unravelling the underlying neurobiological mechanisms may uncover novel targets for early disease intervention and better symptomatic treatment. The hypothalamus and the limbic system are important brain regions that regulate emotion, social cognition, sleep and metabolism. A number of studies using neuroimaging, postmortem human tissue and genetic manipulation in animal models of the disease has collectively shown that the hypothalamus and the limbic system are affected in HD. These findings include the loss of neuropeptide-expressing neurons such as orexin (hypocretin), oxytocin, vasopressin, somatostatin and VIP, and increased levels of SIRT1 in distinct nuclei of the hypothalamus. This review provides a summary of the results obtained so far and highlights the potential importance of these changes for the understanding of non-motor features in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Y Cheong
- Translational Neuroendocrine Research Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sanaz Gabery
- Translational Neuroendocrine Research Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Åsa Petersén
- Translational Neuroendocrine Research Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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10
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Soloveva MV, Jamadar SD, Hughes M, Velakoulis D, Poudel G, Georgiou-Karistianis N. Brain compensation during response inhibition in premanifest Huntington's disease. Brain Cogn 2020; 141:105560. [PMID: 32179366 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2020.105560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Premanifest Huntington's disease (pre-HD) individuals typically show increased task-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), suggested to reflect compensatory strategies. Despite the evidence, no study has attempted to understand the compensatory process in light of 'formal' models of compensation. We used a quantitative model of compensation - the Compensation-Related Utilization of Neural Circuits Hypothesis (CRUNCH), to characterise compensation in pre-HD using fMRI. Pre-HD individuals (n = 15) and controls (n = 15) performed a modified stop-signal task that incremented in four levels of stop difficulty. Our results did not support the critical assumption of the CRUNCH model - controls did not show increased fMRI activity with increased level of stop difficulty; however, controls showed decreased fMRI activity with increased stop difficulty in right inferior frontal gyrus and right caudate nucleus. Relative to controls, pre-HD individuals showed increased fMRI activity in right inferior frontal gyrus and in right caudate nucleus at higher levels of stop difficulty, which is the opposite effect to that predicted by the model. Our findings suggest a compensatory process of the response inhibition network in pre-HD; however, the pattern of fMRI activity was not in the manner expected by CRUNCH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V Soloveva
- School of Psychological Sciences and Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Sharna D Jamadar
- School of Psychological Sciences and Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; Monash Biomedical Imaging, 770 Blackburn Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Integrative Brain Function, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Matthew Hughes
- School of Health Sciences, Brain and Psychological Sciences Centre, Swinburne University, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Dennis Velakoulis
- Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Center, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Govinda Poudel
- School of Psychological Sciences and Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Nellie Georgiou-Karistianis
- School of Psychological Sciences and Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
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11
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Soloveva MV, Jamadar SD, Velakoulis D, Poudel G, Georgiou-Karistianis N. Brain compensation during visuospatial working memory in premanifest Huntington's disease. Neuropsychologia 2020; 136:107262. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2019.107262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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12
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Pini L, Jacquemot C, Cagnin A, Meneghello F, Semenza C, Mantini D, Vallesi A. Aberrant brain network connectivity in presymptomatic and manifest Huntington's disease: A systematic review. Hum Brain Mapp 2019; 41:256-269. [PMID: 31532053 PMCID: PMC7268025 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs‐fMRI) has the potential to shed light on the pathophysiological mechanisms of Huntington's disease (HD), paving the way to new therapeutic interventions. A systematic literature review was conducted in three online databases according to PRISMA guidelines, using keywords for HD, functional connectivity, and rs‐fMRI. We included studies investigating connectivity in presymptomatic (pre‐HD) and manifest HD gene carriers compared to healthy controls, implementing seed‐based connectivity, independent component analysis, regional property, and graph analysis approaches. Visual network showed reduced connectivity in manifest HD, while network/areas underpinning motor functions were consistently altered in both manifest HD and pre‐HD, showing disease stage‐dependent changes. Cognitive networks underlying executive and attentional functions showed divergent anterior–posterior alterations, possibly reflecting compensatory mechanisms. The involvement of these networks in pre‐HD is still unclear. In conclusion, aberrant connectivity of the sensory‐motor network is observed in the early stage of HD while, as pathology spreads, other networks might be affected, such as the visual and executive/attentional networks. Moreover, sensory‐motor and executive networks exhibit hyper‐ and hypo‐connectivity patterns following different spatiotemporal trajectories. These findings could potentially help to implement future huntingtin‐lowering interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Pini
- Department of Neuroscience & Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Charlotte Jacquemot
- Département d'Etudes Cognitives, Ecole Normale Supérieure-PSL University, Paris, France.,Laboratoire de NeuroPsychologie Interventionnelle, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Institut National de la Santé et Recherche Médical (INSERM) U955, Equipe 01, Créteil, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Annachiara Cagnin
- Department of Neuroscience & Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesca Meneghello
- Cognitive Neuroscience Research Group, IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, Venice, Italy
| | - Carlo Semenza
- Department of Neuroscience & Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Cognitive Neuroscience Research Group, IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, Venice, Italy
| | - Dante Mantini
- Research Center for Motor Control and Neuroplasticity, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Brain Imaging and Neural Dynamics Research Group, IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, Venice, Italy
| | - Antonino Vallesi
- Department of Neuroscience & Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Brain Imaging and Neural Dynamics Research Group, IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, Venice, Italy
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13
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Johnson EB, Gregory S. Huntington's disease: Brain imaging in Huntington's disease. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2019; 165:321-369. [PMID: 31481169 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) gene-carriers show prominent neuronal loss by end-stage disease, and the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been increasingly used to quantify brain changes during earlier stages of the disease. MRI offers an in vivo method of measuring structural and functional brain change. The images collected via MRI are processed to measure different anatomical features, such as brain volume, macro- and microstructural changes within white matter and functional brain activity. Structural imaging has demonstrated significant volume loss across multiple white and gray matter regions in HD, particularly within subcortical structures. There also appears to be increasing disorganization of white matter tracts and between-region connectivity with increasing disease progression. Finally, functional changes are thought to represent changes in brain activity underlying compensatory mechanisms in HD. This chapter will provide an overview of the principles of MRI and practicalities associated with using MRI in HD studies, and summarize findings from MRI studies investigating brain structure and function in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileanoir B Johnson
- Huntington's Disease Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Gregory
- Huntington's Disease Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
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Laprairie RB, Bagher AM, Rourke JL, Zrein A, Cairns EA, Kelly MEM, Sinal CJ, Kulkarni PM, Thakur GA, Denovan-Wright EM. Positive allosteric modulation of the type 1 cannabinoid receptor reduces the signs and symptoms of Huntington's disease in the R6/2 mouse model. Neuropharmacology 2019; 151:1-12. [PMID: 30940536 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is an inherited progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor, cognitive, and behavioural changes. One of the earliest changes to occur in HD is a reduction in cannabinoid 1 receptor (CB1) levels in the striatum, which is strongly correlated with HD pathogenesis. CB1 positive allosteric modulators (PAM) enhance receptor affinity for, and efficacy of activation by, orthosteric ligands, including the endocannabinoids anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol. The goal of this study was to determine whether the recently characterized CB1 allosteric modulators GAT211 (racemic), GAT228 (R-enantiomer), and GAT229 (S-enantiomer), affected the signs and symptoms of HD. GAT211, GAT228, and GAT229 were evaluated in normal and HD cell models, and in a transgenic mouse model of HD (7-week-old male R6/2 mice, 10 mg/kg/d, 21 d, i.p.). GAT229 was a CB1 PAM that improved cell viability in HD cells and improved motor coordination, delayed symptom onset, and normalized gene expression in R6/2 HD mice. GAT228 was an allosteric agonist that did not enhance endocannabinoid signaling or change symptom progression in R6/2 mice. GAT211 displayed intermediate effects between its enantiomers. The compounds used here are not drugs, but probe compounds used to determine the potential utility of CB1 PAMs in HD. Changes in gene expression, and not protein, were quantified in R6/2 HD mice because HD pathogenesis is associated with dysregulation of mRNA levels. The data presented here provide the first proof of principle for the use of CB1 PAMs to treat the signs and symptoms of HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert B Laprairie
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Canada
| | - Amina M Bagher
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King AbdulAziz University,Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Canada
| | - Jillian L Rourke
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Canada; Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Mount Allison University, Canada
| | - Adel Zrein
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Canada
| | | | - Melanie E M Kelly
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Canada; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Dalhousie University, Canada
| | | | - Pushkar M Kulkarni
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, USA
| | - Ganesh A Thakur
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, USA
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Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Huntington's Disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2018; 142:381-408. [PMID: 30409260 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2018.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Huntington's disease is an inherited neurodegenerative condition characterized by motor dysfunction, cognitive impairment and neuropsychiatric disturbance. The effects of the underlying pathology on brain morphology are relatively well understood. Numerous structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) studies have demonstrated macrostructural change with widespread striatal and cortical atrophy and microstructural white matter loss in premanifest and manifest HD gene carriers. However, disease effects on brain function are less well characterized. Functional MRI provides an opportunity to examine differences in brain activity either in response to a particular task or in the brain at rest. There is increasing evidence that HD gene carriers exhibit altered activation patterns and functional connectivity between brain regions in response to the neurodegenerative process. Here we review the growing literature in this area and critically evaluate the utility of this imaging modality.
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Katsuno M, Sahashi K, Iguchi Y, Hashizume A. Preclinical progression of neurodegenerative diseases. NAGOYA JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE 2018; 80:289-298. [PMID: 30214078 PMCID: PMC6125655 DOI: 10.18999/nagjms.80.3.289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are disorders that are characterized by a progressive decline of the motor and/or cognitive function caused by a selective loss of neurons within the central nervous system. Recent advancements in the translational research have facilitated extensive insights into the molecular pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases. Nonetheless, a myriad of compounds that suppressed the disease progression in cellular and animal models did not exhibit efficacy in clinical trials. Perhaps, various biological, medical, and methodological factors could be attributed to unfavorable results of clinical trials of such disease-modifying therapies. Primarily, the fact that pathological changes at molecular and cellular levels precede the clinical onset by several years underscores a pressing need for the initiation of interventions before the emergence of neurological symptoms. Using exquisite biomarkers, recent studies revealed the preclinical and prodromal progression of pathophysiology, as well as compensatory brain responses in several neurodegenerative diseases. This review aims to discuss the recent advancement of biomarker studies on presymptomatic subjects and the perspective on a preventive trial of disease-modifying therapies for devastating neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahisa Katsuno
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kentaro Sahashi
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yohei Iguchi
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hashizume
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Reversal learning reveals cognitive deficits and altered prediction error encoding in the ventral striatum in Huntington's disease. Brain Imaging Behav 2018; 11:1862-1872. [PMID: 27917451 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-016-9660-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative condition characterized by a triad of movement disorder, neuropsychiatric symptoms and cognitive deficits. The striatum is particularly vulnerable to the effects of mutant huntingtin, and cell loss can already be found in presymptomatic stages. Since the striatum is well known for its role in reinforcement learning, we hypothesized to find altered behavioral and neural responses in HD patients in a probabilistic reinforcement learning task performed during functional magnetic resonance imaging. We studied 24 HD patients without central nervous system (CNS)-active medication and 25 healthy controls. Twenty HD patients and 24 healthy controls were able to complete the task. Computational modeling was used to calculate prediction error values and estimate individual parameters. We observed that gray matter density and prediction error signals during the learning task were related to disease stage. HD patients in advanced disease stages appear to use a less complex strategy in the reversal learning task. In contrast, HD patients in early disease stages show intact encoding of learning signals in the degenerating left ventral striatum. This effect appears to be lost with disease progression.
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18
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Gregory S, Long JD, Klöppel S, Razi A, Scheller E, Minkova L, Johnson EB, Durr A, Roos RAC, Leavitt BR, Mills JA, Stout JC, Scahill RI, Tabrizi SJ, Rees G. Testing a longitudinal compensation model in premanifest Huntington's disease. Brain 2018; 141:2156-2166. [PMID: 29788038 PMCID: PMC6022638 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awy122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The initial stages of neurodegeneration are commonly marked by normal levels of cognitive and motor performance despite the presence of structural brain pathology. Compensation is widely assumed to account for this preserved behaviour, but despite the apparent simplicity of such a concept, it has proven incredibly difficult to demonstrate such a phenomenon and distinguish it from disease-related pathology. Recently, we developed a model of compensation whereby brain activation, behaviour and pathology, components key to understanding compensation, have specific longitudinal trajectories over three phases of progression. Here, we empirically validate our explicit mathematical model by testing for the presence of compensation over time in neurodegeneration. Huntington's disease is an ideal model for examining longitudinal compensation in neurodegeneration as it is both monogenic and fully penetrant, so disease progression and potential compensation can be monitored many years prior to diagnosis. We defined our conditions for compensation as non-linear longitudinal trajectories of brain activity and performance in the presence of linear neuronal degeneration and applied our model of compensation to a large longitudinal cohort of premanifest and early-stage Huntington's disease patients from the multisite Track-On HD study. Focusing on cognitive and motor networks, we integrated progressive volume loss, task and resting state functional MRI and cognitive and motor behaviour across three sequential phases of neurodegenerative disease progression, adjusted for genetic disease load. Multivariate linear mixed models were fitted and trajectories for each variable tested. Our conceptualization of compensation was partially realized across certain motor and cognitive networks at differing levels. We found several significant network trends that were more complex than that hypothesized in our model. These trends suggest changes to our theoretical model where the network effects are delayed relative to performance effects. There was evidence of compensation primarily in the prefrontal component of the cognitive network, with increased effective connectivity between the left and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Having developed an operational model for the explicit testing of longitudinal compensation in neurodegeneration, it appears that general patterns of our framework are consistent with the empirical data. With the proposed modifications, our operational model of compensation can be used to test for both cross-sectional and longitudinal compensation in neurodegenerative disease with similar patterns to Huntington's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Gregory
- Huntington’s disease Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jeffrey D Long
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa, City, IA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Stefan Klöppel
- University Hospital for Old Age Psychiatry, Murtenstrasse 21, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Adeel Razi
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Electronic Engineering, N.E.D University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Elisa Scheller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Brain Imaging Division, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lora Minkova
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Brain Imaging Division, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Eileanoir B Johnson
- Huntington’s disease Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Alexandra Durr
- ICM - Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR7225, Sorbonne Universités – UPMC Université Paris VI UMR_S1127and APHP, Genetic department, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Raymund A C Roos
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Blair R Leavitt
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - James A Mills
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Julie C Stout
- School of Psychological Sciences and Institute of Clinical and Cognitive Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rachael I Scahill
- Huntington’s disease Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sarah J Tabrizi
- Huntington’s disease Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Geraint Rees
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
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20
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Lewerenz J, Ates G, Methner A, Conrad M, Maher P. Oxytosis/Ferroptosis-(Re-) Emerging Roles for Oxidative Stress-Dependent Non-apoptotic Cell Death in Diseases of the Central Nervous System. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:214. [PMID: 29731704 PMCID: PMC5920049 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although nerve cell death is the hallmark of many neurological diseases, the processes underlying this death are still poorly defined. However, there is a general consensus that neuronal cell death predominantly proceeds by regulated processes. Almost 30 years ago, a cell death pathway eventually named oxytosis was described in neuronal cells that involved glutathione depletion, reactive oxygen species production, lipoxygenase activation, and calcium influx. More recently, a cell death pathway that involved many of the same steps was described in tumor cells and termed ferroptosis due to a dependence on iron. Since then there has been a great deal of discussion in the literature about whether these are two distinct pathways or cell type- and insult-dependent variations on the same pathway. In this review, we compare and contrast in detail the commonalities and distinctions between the two pathways concluding that the molecular pathways involved in the regulation of ferroptosis and oxytosis are highly similar if not identical. Thus, we suggest that oxytosis and ferroptosis should be regarded as two names for the same cell death pathway. In addition, we describe the potential physiological relevance of oxytosis/ferroptosis in multiple neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Lewerenz
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Gamze Ates
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Axel Methner
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center and Focus Program Translational Neuroscience of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Marcus Conrad
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Pamela Maher
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, United States
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Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive technique used routinely to image the body in both clinical and research settings. Through the manipulation of radio waves and static field gradients, MRI uses the principle of nuclear magnetic resonance to produce images with high spatial resolution, appropriate for the investigation of brain structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Gregory
- Huntington's Disease Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.
| | - Rachael I Scahill
- Huntington's Disease Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Geraint Rees
- Huntington's Disease Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Sarah Tabrizi
- Huntington's Disease Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Despite signs of cortical and subcortical loss, patients with prodromal and early-stage neurodegenerative disease are able to perform at a level comparable to the normal population. It is presumed that the onset of compensatory processes, that is changes in brain activation within a function-specific network or in the recruitment of a region outside of the task-network, underlies this maintenance of normal performance. However, in most studies to date, increased brain activity is not correlated with indices of both disease and performance and what appears to be compensation could simply be a symptom of neurodegeneration. RECENT FINDINGS MRI studies have explored compensation in neurodegenerative disease, claiming that compensation is evident across a number of disorders, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, but generally always in early stages; after this point, compensation is generally no longer able to operate under the severe burden of disease. However, none of these studies explicitly adopted a particular model of compensation. Thus, we also discuss our recent attempts to operationalize compensation for empirical testing. SUMMARY There is clear evidence of compensatory processes in the early stages of neurodegenerative disease. However, for a more complete understanding, this requires more explicit empirical modelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Gregory
- Huntington’s Disease Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jeffrey. D Long
- Departments of Psychiatry and Biostatistics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Sarah J. Tabrizi
- Huntington’s Disease Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Geraint Rees
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, London, UK
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
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Gregory S, Long JD, Klöppel S, Razi A, Scheller E, Minkova L, Papoutsi M, Mills JA, Durr A, Leavitt BR, Roos RAC, Stout JC, Scahill RI, Langbehn DR, Tabrizi SJ, Rees G. Operationalizing compensation over time in neurodegenerative disease. Brain 2017; 140:1158-1165. [PMID: 28334888 PMCID: PMC5382953 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awx022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Gregory
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jeffrey D. Long
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa, City, IA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Stefan Klöppel
- Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, University Medical Center, Division Freiburg Brain Imaging, Freiburg, Germany
- Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Freiburg, Germany
- University Hospital for Old Age Psychiatry, Murtenstrasse 21, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Adeel Razi
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Electronic Engineering, N.E.D University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Elisa Scheller
- Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, University Medical Center, Division Freiburg Brain Imaging, Freiburg, Germany
- Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Freiburg, Germany
- Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Department of Psychology, Laboratory for Biological and Personality Psychology, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lora Minkova
- Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, University Medical Center, Division Freiburg Brain Imaging, Freiburg, Germany
- Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Freiburg, Germany
- Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Department of Psychology, Laboratory for Biological and Personality Psychology, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marina Papoutsi
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - James A. Mills
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa, City, IA, USA
| | - Alexandra Durr
- APHP Department of Genetics, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, and Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR7225, UPMC Université Paris VI UMR_S1127, Paris France
| | - Blair R. Leavitt
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Raymund A. C. Roos
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Julie C. Stout
- School of Psychological Sciences and Institute of Clinical and Cognitive Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rachael I. Scahill
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Douglas R. Langbehn
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa, City, IA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Sarah J. Tabrizi
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Geraint Rees
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
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Cognitive Control, Learning, and Clinical Motor Ratings Are Most Highly Associated with Basal Ganglia Brain Volumes in the Premanifest Huntington's Disease Phenotype. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2017; 23:159-170. [PMID: 28205498 PMCID: PMC5803794 DOI: 10.1017/s1355617716001132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Huntington's disease (HD) is a debilitating genetic disorder characterized by motor, cognitive and psychiatric abnormalities associated with neuropathological decline. HD pathology is the result of an extended chain of CAG (cytosine, adenine, guanine) trinucleotide repetitions in the HTT gene. Clinical diagnosis of HD requires the presence of an otherwise unexplained extrapyramidal movement disorder in a participant at risk for HD. Over the past 15 years, evidence has shown that cognitive, psychiatric, and subtle motor dysfunction is evident decades before traditional motor diagnosis. This study examines the relationships among subcortical brain volumes and measures of emerging disease phenotype in prodromal HD, before clinical diagnosis. METHODS The dataset includes 34 cognitive, motor, psychiatric, and functional variables and five subcortical brain volumes from 984 prodromal HD individuals enrolled in the PREDICT HD study. Using cluster analyses, seven distinct clusters encompassing cognitive, motor, psychiatric, and functional domains were identified. Individual cluster scores were then regressed against the subcortical brain volumetric measurements. RESULTS Accounting for site and genetic burden (the interaction of age and CAG repeat length) smaller caudate and putamen volumes were related to clusters reflecting motor symptom severity, cognitive control, and verbal learning. CONCLUSIONS Variable reduction of the HD phenotype using cluster analysis revealed biologically related domains of HD and are suitable for future research with this population. Our cognitive control cluster scores show sensitivity to changes in basal ganglia both within and outside the striatum that may not be captured by examining only motor scores. (JINS, 2017, 23, 159-170).
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Piano C, Mazzucchi E, Bentivoglio AR, Losurdo A, Calandra Buonaura G, Imperatori C, Cortelli P, Della Marca G. Wake and Sleep EEG in Patients With Huntington Disease: An eLORETA Study and Review of the Literature. Clin EEG Neurosci 2017; 48:60-71. [PMID: 27094758 DOI: 10.1177/1550059416632413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the EEG modifications in patients with Huntington disease (HD) compared with controls, by means of the exact LOw REsolution Tomography (eLORETA) software. We evaluated EEG changes during wake, non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Moreover, we reviewed the literature concerning EEG modifications in HD. Twenty-three consecutive adult patients affected by HD were enrolled, 14 women and 9 men, mean age was 57.0 ± 12.4 years. Control subjects were healthy volunteers (mean age 58.2 ± 14.6 years). EEG and polygraphic recordings were performed during wake (before sleep) and during sleep. Sources of EEG activities were determined using the eLORETA software. In wake EEG, significant differences between patients and controls were detected in the delta frequency band (threshold T = ±4.606; P < .01) in the Brodmann areas (BAs) 3, 4, and 6 bilaterally. In NREM sleep, HD patients showed increased alpha power (T = ±4.516; P < .01) in BAs 4 and 6 bilaterally; decreased theta power (T = ±4.516; P < .01) in the BAs 23, 29, and 30; and decreased beta power (T = ±4.516; P < .01) in the left BA 30. During REM, HD patients presented decreased theta and alpha power (threshold T = ±4.640; P < .01) in the BAs 23, 29, 30, and 31 bilaterally. In conclusion, EEG data suggest a motor cortex dysfunction during wake and sleep in HD patients, which correlates with the clinical and polysomnographic evidence of increased motor activity during wake and NREM, and nearly absent motor abnormalities in REM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Piano
- Center for Parkinson Disease and Extrapyramidal Disorders, Movement Disorders Unit, Institute of Neurology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Edoardo Mazzucchi
- Sleep Disorders Unit; Institute of Neurology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Bentivoglio
- Center for Parkinson Disease and Extrapyramidal Disorders, Movement Disorders Unit, Institute of Neurology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy.,Don Carlo Gnocchi Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Losurdo
- Sleep Disorders Unit; Institute of Neurology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Calandra Buonaura
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Pietro Cortelli
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giacomo Della Marca
- Sleep Disorders Unit; Institute of Neurology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
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Ulrich M, Endres F, Kölle M, Adolph O, Widenhorn-Müller K, Grön G. Glucose modulates food-related salience coding of midbrain neurons in humans. Hum Brain Mapp 2016; 37:4376-4384. [PMID: 27411574 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although early rat studies demonstrated that administration of glucose diminishes dopaminergic midbrain activity, evidence in humans has been lacking so far. In the present functional magnetic resonance imaging study, glucose was intravenously infused in healthy human male participants while seeing images depicting low-caloric food (LC), high-caloric food (HC), and non-food (NF) during a food/NF discrimination task. Analysis of brain activation focused on the ventral tegmental area (VTA) as the origin of the mesolimbic system involved in salience coding. Under unmodulated fasting baseline conditions, VTA activation was greater during HC compared with LC food cues. Subsequent to infusion of glucose, this difference in VTA activation as a function of caloric load leveled off and even reversed. In a control group not receiving glucose, VTA activation during HC relative to LC cues remained stable throughout the course of the experiment. Similar treatment-specific patterns of brain activation were observed for the hypothalamus. The present findings show for the first time in humans that glucose infusion modulates salience coding mediated by the VTA. Hum Brain Mapp 37:4376-4384, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Ulrich
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ulm, Leimgrubenweg 12-14, Ulm, 89075, Germany
| | - Felix Endres
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ulm, Leimgrubenweg 12-14, Ulm, 89075, Germany
| | - Markus Kölle
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ulm, Leimgrubenweg 12-14, Ulm, 89075, Germany
| | - Oliver Adolph
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, Ulm, 89081, Germany
| | | | - Georg Grön
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ulm, Leimgrubenweg 12-14, Ulm, 89075, Germany
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27
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Klöppel S, Gregory S, Scheller E, Minkova L, Razi A, Durr A, Roos RA, Leavitt BR, Papoutsi M, Landwehrmeyer GB, Reilmann R, Borowsky B, Johnson H, Mills JA, Owen G, Stout J, Scahill RI, Long JD, Rees G, Tabrizi SJ. Compensation in Preclinical Huntington's Disease: Evidence From the Track-On HD Study. EBioMedicine 2015; 2:1420-9. [PMID: 26629536 PMCID: PMC4634199 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive and motor task performance in premanifest Huntington's disease (HD) gene-carriers is often within normal ranges prior to clinical diagnosis, despite loss of brain volume in regions involved in these tasks. This indicates ongoing compensation, with the brain maintaining function in the presence of neuronal loss. However, thus far, compensatory processes in HD have not been modeled explicitly. Using a new model, which incorporates individual variability related to structural change and behavior, we sought to identify functional correlates of compensation in premanifest-HD gene-carriers. METHODS We investigated the modulatory effects of regional brain atrophy, indexed by structural measures of disease load, on the relationship between performance and brain activity (or connectivity) using task-based and resting-state functional MRI. FINDINGS Consistent with compensation, as atrophy increased performance-related activity increased in the right parietal cortex during a working memory task. Similarly, increased functional coupling between the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and a left hemisphere network in the resting-state predicted better cognitive performance as atrophy increased. Such patterns were not detectable for the left hemisphere or for motor tasks. INTERPRETATION Our findings provide evidence for active compensatory processes in premanifest-HD for cognitive demands and suggest a higher vulnerability of the left hemisphere to the effects of regional atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Klöppel
- Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, University Medical Center, Division Freiburg Brain Imaging, Freiburg, Germany
- Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Freiburg, Germany
- Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, University Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Gregory
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Elisa Scheller
- Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, University Medical Center, Division Freiburg Brain Imaging, Freiburg, Germany
- Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Freiburg, Germany
- Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Department of Psychology, Laboratory for Biological and Personality Psychology, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lora Minkova
- Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, University Medical Center, Division Freiburg Brain Imaging, Freiburg, Germany
- Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Freiburg, Germany
- Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Department of Psychology, Laboratory for Biological and Personality Psychology, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Adeel Razi
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Electronic Engineering, N.E.D University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Alexandra Durr
- APHP Department of Genetics, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, UPMC Université Paris VI UMR_S1127, Paris France
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR7225, UPMC Université Paris VI UMR_S1127, Paris France
| | - Raymund A.C. Roos
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Blair R. Leavitt
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Marina Papoutsi
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Ralf Reilmann
- George-Huntington-Institute, Muenster, Germany
- University of Tuebingen, Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | - Hans Johnson
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - James A. Mills
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Gail Owen
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Julie Stout
- School of Psychological Sciences and Institute of Clinical and Cognitive Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rachael I. Scahill
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jeffrey D. Long
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Geraint Rees
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sarah J. Tabrizi
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
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