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González‐Torralva F, Norsworthy JK. Target-site mutations Ile1781Leu and Ile2041Asn in the ACCase2 gene confer resistance to fluazifop-p-butyl and pinoxaden herbicides in a johnsongrass accession from Arkansas, USA. PLANT DIRECT 2024; 8:e576. [PMID: 38516339 PMCID: PMC10955616 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Johnsongrass [Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.] is a troublesome weed species in different agricultural and non-agricultural areas. Because of its biology, reproductive system, and seed production, effective management is challenging. An accession with low susceptibility to the acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase)-inhibiting herbicides fluazifop-p-butyl (fluazifop) and pinoxaden was collected in eastern Arkansas. In this research, the molecular mechanisms responsible for ACCase resistance were investigated. Dose-response experiments showed a resistance factor of 181 and 133 for fluazifop and pinoxaden, respectively. Molecular analysis of both ACCase1 and ACCase2 genes was researched. Nucleotide comparison of ACCase1 between resistant and susceptible accessions showed no single nucleotide polymorphisms. Nonetheless, analysis of ACCase2 in fluazifop-resistant johnsongrass plants revealed the Ile1781Leu target-site mutation was dominant (nearly 75%), whereas the majority of pinoxaden-resistant johnsongrass plants had the Ile2041Asn (60%). Not all sequenced johnsongrass plants displayed a target-site mutation, suggesting the presence of additional resistance mechanisms. Amplification of ACCase1 and ACCase2 was not responsible for resistance because of the similar values obtained in both resistant and susceptible accessions. Experiments with malathion and NBD-Cl suggest the presence of herbicide metabolism. Outcomes of this research demonstrated that fluazifop- and pinoxaden-resistant johnsongrass plants displayed a target-site mutation in ACCase2, but also that non-target-site resistance mechanisms would be involved and require a detailed study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jason K. Norsworthy
- Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental SciencesUniversity of ArkansasFayettevilleARUSA
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Hamouzová K, Sen MK, Bharati R, Košnarová P, Chawdhery MRA, Roy A, Soukup J. Calcium signalling in weeds under herbicide stress: An outlook. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1135845. [PMID: 37035053 PMCID: PMC10080077 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1135845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The continuous use of herbicides for controlling weeds has led to the evolution of resistance to all major herbicidal modes of action globally. Every year, new cases of herbicide resistance are reported. Resistance is still in progress in many species, which must be stopped before it becomes a worldwide concern. Several herbicides are known to cause stressful conditions that resemble plant abiotic stresses. Variation in intracellular calcium (Ca2+) concentration is a primary event in a wide range of biological processes in plants, including adaptation to various biotic and abiotic stresses. Ca2+ acts as a secondary messenger, connecting various environmental stimuli to different biological processes, especially during stress rejoindering in plants. Even though many studies involving Ca2+ signalling in plants have been published, there have been no studies on the roles of Ca2+ signalling in herbicide stress response. Hence, this mini-review will highlight the possible sensing and molecular communication via Ca2+ signals in weeds under herbicide stress. It will also discuss some critical points regarding integrating the sensing mechanisms of multiple stress conditions and subsequent molecular communication. These signalling responses must be addressed in the future, enabling researchers to discover new herbicidal targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Hamouzová
- Department of Agroecology and Crop Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Madhab Kumar Sen
- Department of Agroecology and Crop Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
- Excellent Team for Mitigation (E.T.M.), Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Rohit Bharati
- Department of Crop Sciences and Agroforestry, The Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Pavlína Košnarová
- Department of Agroecology and Crop Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Md Rafique Ahasan Chawdhery
- Department of Agroecology and Crop Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Amit Roy
- Excellent Team for Mitigation (E.T.M.), Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Josef Soukup
- Department of Agroecology and Crop Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
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Zhao N, Jiang M, Li Q, Gao Q, Zhang J, Liao M, Cao H. Cyhalofop-butyl resistance conferred by a novel Trp-2027-Leu mutation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase and enhanced metabolism in Leptochloa chinensis. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:1176-1186. [PMID: 34822218 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chinese sprangletop (Leptochloa chinensis (L.) Nees) is an invasive grass weed severely infesting rice fields across China. In October 2020, a suspected resistant Leptochloa chinensis population HFFD3 that survived the acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase)-inhibiting herbicide cyhalofop-butyl applied at its field-recommended rate was collected from a rice field in Feidong County, Anhui Province, China. This study aimed to determine the resistance profile of HFFD3 to ACCase inhibitors and to investigate its mechanisms of resistance to cyhalofop-butyl. RESULTS Single-dose testing confirmed that HFFD3 had evolved resistance to cyhalofop-butyl. Two loci encoding plastidic ACCase were each amplified from the susceptible (S) and resistant (R, HFFD3) individual plants. Target gene sequencing and derived cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence assay revealed all the R plants carried a Trp-2027-Leu substitution in their ACCase1,2 copies. Dose-response bioassays revealed that HFFD3 was highly resistant to cyhalofop-butyl and exhibited cross-resistance to metamifop, fenoxaprop-P-ethyl, quizalofop-P-ethyl, and clethodim. Pre-treatment with piperonyl butoxide and 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzoxadiazole considerably reversed the resistance of the R plants to cyhalofop-butyl, by 23% and 43%, respectively. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis suggested the metabolic rates of cyhalofop-butyl were significantly faster in the R than in the S plants. CONCLUSION This study confirmed the first case of an arable weed species featuring cross-resistance to ACCase-inhibiting herbicides due to a novel Trp-2027-Leu mutation of ACCase. Target gene mutation and cytochrome P450s- and glutathione-S-transferases-involved enhanced metabolism may have simultaneously participated in the resistance of HFFD3 population to cyhalofop-butyl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Minghao Jiang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Qi Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Quan Gao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Jingxu Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Min Liao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Haiqun Cao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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Wang H, Zhang L, Li W, Bai S, Zhang X, Wu C, Liu W, Wang J. Isolation and expression of acetolactate synthase genes that have a rare mutation in shepherd's purse (Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik.). PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 155:119-125. [PMID: 30857621 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2019.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor-resistant biotypes are the fastest growing class of herbicide-resistant weeds. Shepherd's purse (Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik.), a tetraploid species and one of the most troublesome weeds in wheat production, has evolved ALS inhibitor resistance. To confirm and characterize the resistance of shepherd's purse populations to ALS-inhibiting herbicides, whole-plant bioassays were conducted. To investigate the molecular basis of resistance in shepherd's purse, the ALS gene was sequenced and compared between susceptible (S) and resistant (R) biotypes. Two partial intronless ALS genes (ALS-1 and ALS-2) were identified, and two heterozygous mutations (CCT to TCT in ALS-1 and CCT to CAT in ALS-2) at position 197 (Pro197Ser and Pro197His) providing resistance were simultaneously found in a single plant in a resistant population. Our results confirmed that the resistant shepherd's purse population showed high-level resistance to tribenuron-methyl (RI = 59.8), pyroxsulam (RI = 38.7) and flucarbazone-Na (RI = 88.0). Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) results suggested that the difference in ALS gene expression was small between S and R populations, which may be insufficient to cause herbicide resistance, and according to the results of in vitro ALS activity, insensitivity of ALS may be the main mechanism of high resistance to tribenuron-methyl in resistant populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengzhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, PR China
| | - Lele Zhang
- Administration Bureau of the Yellow River Delta National Nature Reserve, Dongying 257091, Shandong, PR China
| | - Wei Li
- Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang 277100, Shandong, PR China
| | - Shuang Bai
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, PR China
| | - Cuixia Wu
- Tai'an Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tai'an 271000, Shandong, PR China
| | - Weitang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, PR China
| | - Jinxin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, PR China.
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Chen G, Xu H, Zhang T, Bai C, Dong L. Fenoxaprop-P-ethyl resistance conferred by cytochrome P450s and target site mutation in Alopecurus japonicus. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2018; 74:1694-1703. [PMID: 29337421 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alopecurus japonicus is a serious grass weed species in wheat fields in eastern Asia, and has evolved strong resistance to acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase)-inhibiting herbicides. Although target-site resistance (TSR) to ACCase inhibitors in A. japonicus has been reported, non-target site resistance (NTSR) has not. This study investigated both TSR and NTSR in a fenoxaprop-P-ethyl-resistant A. japonicus population (AHFD-3), which was collected in Feidong County, Anhui Province, China. RESULTS We found that AHFD-3 exhibited high resistance to fenoxaprop-P-ethyl and low resistance to flucarbazone-sodium. The sensitivity of AHFD-3 to fenoxaprop-P-ethyl increased significantly after treatment with cytochrome P450 (P450) inhibitors; however, such synergies between P450 inhibitors and fenoxaprop-P-ethyl were not found in two control populations. Sequences of the entire carboxyltransferase domain of A. japonicus ACCase were obtained, and AHFD-3 plants showed an Asp-2078-Gly substitution in the ACCase. With the derived cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (dCAPS) method, we found that 85.4% of the plants of AHFD-3 carried this mutation. The P450 content in AHFD-3 plants was significantly higher than those of the two control populations after treatment with fenoxaprop-P-ethyl. Ten partial sequences of P450 genes in A. japonicus were cloned. Three P450 genes were up-regulated 12 h after fenoxaprop-P-ethyl treatment, which were all from the P450 subfamily CYP72A. Moreover, a P450 gene from the P450 family CYP81 was up-regulated after fenoxaprop-P-ethyl treatment in all populations studied. CONCLUSION Fenoxaprop-P-ethyl resistance in AHFD-3 plants was conferred by up-regulation of cytochrome P450s in the CYP72A subfamily and target site mutation of the ACCase gene. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqi Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in East China (Nanjing Agricultural University), Ministry of Agriculture, China
| | - Hongle Xu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Province Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Control in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Teng Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in East China (Nanjing Agricultural University), Ministry of Agriculture, China
| | - Congqiang Bai
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in East China (Nanjing Agricultural University), Ministry of Agriculture, China
| | - Liyao Dong
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in East China (Nanjing Agricultural University), Ministry of Agriculture, China
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Guo W, Chi Y, Feng L, Tian X, Liu W, Wang J. Fenoxaprop-P-ethyl and mesosulfuron-methyl resistance status of shortawn foxtail (Alopecurus aequalis Sobol.) in eastern China. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 148:126-132. [PMID: 29891363 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2018.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Resistance to the acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase)- and acetolactate synthase (ALS)- inhibiting herbicides in shortawn foxtail (Alopecurus aequalis) has been reported in wheat fields of eastern China. To better understand the distribution of the resistant populations and the occurrence of the target-site mutations, 74 populations collected from Anhui, Jiangsu and Shandong province were surveyed, and the ACCase and ALS gene fragments, encompassing all the documented mutant codon positions, were amplified and sequenced. Plants from 37 and 34 populations survived fenoxaprop-P-ethyl and mesosulfuron-methyl treatment at 62.1 g a.i. ha-1 and 9 g a.i. ha-1 respectively, with different survival rates. Twenty-seven populations exhibited multiple resistance to fenoxaprop-P-ethyl and mesosulfuron-methyl. Whole-plant dose-response experiments showed that the resistance index ranged from 6.2 to 167.8 for fenoxaprop-P-ethyl, and from 7.8 to 139.5 for mesosulfuron-methyl. Four ACCase (I1781L, I2041N, I2041T and D2078G) and four ALS (P197R, P197S, P197T and W574 L) resistance mutations were detected respectively. Individuals containing two amino acid substitutions were also found. D2078G and W574 L were predominant ACCase and ALS gene mutations respectively. This study has shown that fenoxaprop-P-ethyl and mesosulfuron-methyl resistance was prevalent in A. aequalis in eastern China, and target site mutations in the ACCase and ALS gene were one of the most common mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China; Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangzhou 510640, PR China.
| | - Yanyan Chi
- Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Li Feng
- Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Xingshan Tian
- Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Weitang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Jinxin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China.
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Iwakami S, Shimono Y, Manabe Y, Endo M, Shibaike H, Uchino A, Tominaga T. Copy Number Variation in Acetolactate Synthase Genes of Thifensulfuron-Methyl Resistant Alopecurus aequalis (Shortawn Foxtail) Accessions in Japan. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:254. [PMID: 28303143 PMCID: PMC5332366 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Severe infestations of Alopecurus aequalis (shortawn foxtail), a noxious weed in wheat and barley cropping systems in Japan, can occur even after application of thifensulfuron-methyl, a sulfonylurea (SU) herbicide. In the present study, nine accessions of A. aequalis growing in a single wheat field were tested for sensitivity to thifensulfuron-methyl. Seven of the nine accessions survived application of standard field rates of thifensulfuron-methyl, indicating that severe infestations likely result from herbicide resistance. Acetolactate synthase (ALS) is the target enzyme of SU herbicides. Full-length genes encoding ALS were therefore isolated to determine the mechanism of SU resistance. As a result, differences in ALS gene copy numbers among accessions were revealed. Two copies, ALS1 and ALS2, were conserved in all accessions, while some carried two additional copies, ALS3 and ALS4. A single-base deletion in ALS3 and ALS4 further indicated that they represent pseudogenes. No differences in ploidy level were observed between accessions with two or four copies of the ALS gene, suggesting that copy number varies. Resistant plants were found to carry a mutation in either the ALS1 or ALS2 gene, with all mutations causing an amino acid substitution at the Pro197 residue, which is known to confer SU resistance. Transcription of each ALS gene copy was confirmed by reverse transcription PCR, supporting involvement of these mutations in SU resistance. The information on the copy number and full-length sequences of ALS genes in A. aequalis will aid future analysis of the mechanism of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Iwakami
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto UniversityKyoto, Japan
- Crop Production Systems Division, NARO Agricultural Research CenterTsukuba, Japan
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of TsukubaTsukuba, Japan
- *Correspondence: Satoshi Iwakami,
| | - Yoshiko Shimono
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto UniversityKyoto, Japan
| | - Yohei Manabe
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto UniversityKyoto, Japan
| | - Masaki Endo
- Plant Genome Engineering Research Unit, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research OrganizationTsukuba, Japan
| | | | - Akira Uchino
- Crop Production Systems Division, NARO Agricultural Research CenterTsukuba, Japan
- Central Region Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research OrganizationTsu, Japan
| | - Tohru Tominaga
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto UniversityKyoto, Japan
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Bi Y, Liu W, Guo W, Li L, Yuan G, Du L, Wang J. Molecular basis of multiple resistance to ACCase- and ALS-inhibiting herbicides in Alopecurus japonicus from China. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 126:22-27. [PMID: 26778430 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Fenoxaprop-P-ethyl-resistant Alopecurus japonicus has become a recurring problem in winter wheat fields in eastern China. Growers have resorted to using mesosulfuron-methyl, an acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicide, to control this weed. A single A. japonicus population (AH-15) resistant to fenoxaprop-P-ethyl and mesosulfuron-methyl was found in Anhui Province, China. The results of whole-plant dose-response experiments showed that AH-15 has evolved high-level resistance to fenoxaprop-P-ethyl (95.96-fold) and mesosulfuron-methyl (39.87-fold). It was shown via molecular analysis that resistance to both fenoxaprop-P-ethyl and mesosulfuron-methyl was due to an amino acid substitution of Ile1781 to Leu in acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) and a substitution of Trp 574 to Leu in ALS, respectively. Whole-plant bioassays indicated that the AH-15 population was resistant to the ACCase herbicides clodinafop-propargyl, clethodim, sethoxydim and pinoxaden as well as the ALS herbicides pyroxsulam, flucarbazone-Na and imazethapyr, but susceptible to the ACCase herbicide haloxyfop-R-methyl. This work reports for the first time that A. japonicus has developed resistance to ACCase- and ALS-inhibiting herbicides due to target site mutations in the ACCase and ALS genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaling Bi
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Science and Technology University, Anhui, Fengyang 233100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, Tai'an 271018, PR China
| | - Weitang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, Tai'an 271018, PR China
| | - Wenlei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, Tai'an 271018, PR China
| | - Lingxu Li
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, Tai'an 271018, PR China; College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Shandong, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Guohui Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, Tai'an 271018, PR China
| | - Long Du
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, Tai'an 271018, PR China
| | - Jinxin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, Tai'an 271018, PR China.
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