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Pankey MS, Gochfeld DJ, Gastaldi M, Macartney KJ, Clayshulte Abraham A, Slattery M, Lesser MP. Phylosymbiosis and metabolomics resolve phenotypically plastic and cryptic sponge species in the genus Agelas across the Caribbean basin. Mol Ecol 2024; 33:e17321. [PMID: 38529721 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Fundamental to holobiont biology is recognising how variation in microbial composition and function relates to host phenotypic variation. Sponges often exhibit considerable phenotypic plasticity and also harbour dense microbial communities that function to protect and nourish hosts. One of the most prominent sponge genera on Caribbean coral reefs is Agelas. Using a comprehensive set of morphological (growth form, spicule), chemical and molecular data on 13 recognised species of Agelas in the Caribbean basin, we were able to define only five species (=clades) and found that many morphospecies designations were incongruent with phylogenomic and population genetic analyses. Microbial communities were also strongly differentiated between phylogenetic species, showing little evidence of cryptic divergence and relatively low correlation with morphospecies assignment. Metagenomic analyses also showed strong correspondence to phylogenetic species, and to a lesser extent, geographical and morphological characters. Surprisingly, the variation in secondary metabolites produced by sponge holobionts was explained by geography and morphospecies assignment, in addition to phylogenetic species, and covaried significantly with a subset of microbial symbionts. Spicule characteristics were highly plastic, under greater impact from geographical location than phylogeny. Our results suggest that while phenotypic plasticity is rampant in Agelas, morphological differences within phylogenetic species affect functionally important ecological traits, including the composition of the symbiotic microbial communities and metabolomic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Pankey
- Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
| | - D J Gochfeld
- National Center for Natural Products Research and Environmental Toxicology, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
| | - M Gastaldi
- Escuela Superior de Ciencias Marinas-Universidad Nacional del Comahue, San Antonio Oeste, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - K J Macartney
- Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
| | - A Clayshulte Abraham
- Division of Environmental Toxicology, Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
| | - M Slattery
- Division of Environmental Toxicology, Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
| | - M P Lesser
- Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
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Ise Y, Vacelet J, Mizuyama M, Fujita Y. New lithistid sponge of the genus Sollasipelta (Porifera, Demospongiae,Tetractinellida, Neopeltidae) from submarine caves of the Ryukyu Islands,southwestern Japan, with redescription of S. sollasi. Zootaxa 2023; 5285:293-310. [PMID: 37518705 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5285.2.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
A new species of 'lithistid' (rock sponge) Sollasipelta subterranea sp. nov. is described from near-shore submarine caves of Okinawa and Shimoji Islands, the Ryukyu Islands, southwestern Japan. This new species is characterized by the smooth dentate ectosomal pseudophyllotriaenes, slender choanosomal oxea/style/subtylostyles and two types of amphiasters, one of which is in two size classes. Sollasipelta subterranea sp. nov. is morphologically closest to Sollasipelta sollasi (Lévi & Lévi, 1989), known from the Philippines deep sea, and our examination of the type specimen of S. sollasi revealed that the pseudophyllotriaenes and desmas are substantially different between the two species, and both species possess two types of amphiasters, one of which has two size classes. Sollasipelta cavernicola (Vacelet & Vasseur, 1965) and S. punctata (Lévi & Lévi, 1983) are transferred to the genus Daedalopelta Sollas, 1888, based on possession of one type of amphiastes as microscleres. Sollasipelta mixta (Vacelet, Vasseur and Lévi, 1976) is formally transferred to the genus Neopelta Schmidt, 1880, based on the morphological characters. A key to species of the genus Sollasipelta Van Soest & Hooper, 2020 is also provided. Sollasipelta subterranea sp. nov. represents the first 'lithistid' sponge from submarine caves of the Western Pacific and the first species of sponge inhabiting anchialine cave environments in the Indo-West Pacific. This is also a new record of the family Neopeltidae from Japanese waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Ise
- Kuroshio Biological Research Foundation; 560 Nishidomari; Otsuki; Hata; Kochi 788-0333; Japan.
| | - Jean Vacelet
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et dEcologie Marine et Continentale; CNRS; Aix Marseille Université; IRD; Avignon Université; Station Marine dEndoume; Marseille; France.
| | - Masaru Mizuyama
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology; AIST; Tsukuba Central 7; 1-1-1 Higashi; Tsukuba; Ibaraki; 305- 8567; Japan.
| | - Yoshihisa Fujita
- Okinawa Prefectural University of Arts; 1-4 Shuri-Tounokura; Naha; Okinawa 903-8692; Japan.
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Łukowiak M, Van Soest R, Klautau M, Pérez T, Pisera A, Tabachnick K. The terminology of sponge spicules. J Morphol 2022; 283:1517-1545. [PMID: 36208470 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Sponges (Porifera) are a diverse and globally distributed clade of benthic organisms, with an evolutionary history reaching at least the Ediacaran-Cambrian (541 Ma) boundary interval. Throughout their research history, sponges have been subjects of intense studies in many fields, including paleontology, evolutionary biology, and even bioengineering and pharmacology. The skeletons of sponges are mostly characterized by the presence of mineral elements termed spicules, which structurally support the sponge bodies, though they also minimize the metabolic cost of water exchange and deter predators. The description of the spicules' shape and the skeleton organization represents the fundamental basis of sponge taxonomy and systematics. Here, we provide an illustrated catalogue of sponge spicules, which is based on previous works on sponge spicules, for example, and gathers and updates all terms that are currently used in sponge descriptions. Each spicule type is further illustrated through high quality scanning electron microscope micrographs. It is expected to be a valuable source that will facilitate spicule identification and, in certain cases, also enable sponge classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Łukowiak
- Department of Environmental Paleobiology, Institute of Paleobiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Rob Van Soest
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Dept. Marine Biodiversity, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Michelle Klautau
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thierry Pérez
- IMBE, Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Univ, CNRS, IRD, Station Marine d'Endoume, Marseille, France
| | - Andrzej Pisera
- Department of Environmental Paleobiology, Institute of Paleobiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Konstantin Tabachnick
- Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of Academy of Sciences of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Galitz A, Nakao Y, Schupp PJ, Wörheide G, Erpenbeck D. A Soft Spot for Chemistry-Current Taxonomic and Evolutionary Implications of Sponge Secondary Metabolite Distribution. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:448. [PMID: 34436287 PMCID: PMC8398655 DOI: 10.3390/md19080448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine sponges are the most prolific marine sources for discovery of novel bioactive compounds. Sponge secondary metabolites are sought-after for their potential in pharmaceutical applications, and in the past, they were also used as taxonomic markers alongside the difficult and homoplasy-prone sponge morphology for species delineation (chemotaxonomy). The understanding of phylogenetic distribution and distinctiveness of metabolites to sponge lineages is pivotal to reveal pathways and evolution of compound production in sponges. This benefits the discovery rate and yield of bioprospecting for novel marine natural products by identifying lineages with high potential of being new sources of valuable sponge compounds. In this review, we summarize the current biochemical data on sponges and compare the metabolite distribution against a sponge phylogeny. We assess compound specificity to lineages, potential convergences, and suitability as diagnostic phylogenetic markers. Our study finds compound distribution corroborating current (molecular) phylogenetic hypotheses, which include yet unaccepted polyphyly of several demosponge orders and families. Likewise, several compounds and compound groups display a high degree of lineage specificity, which suggests homologous biosynthetic pathways among their taxa, which identifies yet unstudied species of this lineage as promising bioprospecting targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Galitz
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Palaeontology & Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80333 Munich, Germany; (A.G.); (G.W.)
| | - Yoichi Nakao
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan;
| | - Peter J. Schupp
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26111 Wilhelmshaven, Germany;
- Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity, University of Oldenburg (HIFMB), 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Gert Wörheide
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Palaeontology & Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80333 Munich, Germany; (A.G.); (G.W.)
- GeoBio-Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80333 Munich, Germany
- SNSB-Bavarian State Collection of Palaeontology and Geology, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Dirk Erpenbeck
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Palaeontology & Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80333 Munich, Germany; (A.G.); (G.W.)
- GeoBio-Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80333 Munich, Germany
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Schuster A, Pisera A, Ekins M, Debitus C. New genus and species of lithistid demosponges from submarine caves in Nuku Hiva (Marquesas Islands) and Tahiti Iti (Society Islands), French Polynesia. THE EUROPEAN ZOOLOGICAL JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/24750263.2021.1939450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A. Schuster
- Department of Biology, NordCEE, Southern University of Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - A. Pisera
- Institute of Paleobiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warszawa, Poland
| | - M. Ekins
- Biodiversity and Geosciences, Queensland Museum, South Brisbane, Australia
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - C. Debitus
- IRD, EIO, Université de la Polynésie française, Faaa
- IRD, CNRS, Ifremer, LEMAR, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Plouzané, France
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Schuster A, Pomponi SA, Pisera A, Cárdenas P, Kelly M, Wörheide G, Erpenbeck D. Systematics of 'lithistid' tetractinellid demosponges from the Tropical Western Atlantic-implications for phylodiversity and bathymetric distribution. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10775. [PMID: 33859870 PMCID: PMC8020874 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Among all present demosponges, lithistids represent a polyphyletic group with exceptionally well-preserved fossils dating back to the Cambrian. Knowledge of their recent diversity, particularly in the Tropical Western Atlantic Ocean (TWA) where they are common in deep waters, is scarce making any comparison between present and past major 'lithistid' faunas difficult. In addition, the lack of sufficient molecular and morphological data hamper any predictions on phylogenetic relationships or phylodiversity from this region. The Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute (HBOI, Fort Pierce, Florida) holds the largest collection of TWA lithistid sponges worldwide, however, the majority remain to be taxonomically identified and revised. Principal Findings In this study we provide sequences of 249 lithistid demosponges using two independent molecular markers (28S rDNA (C1-D2) and cox1 mtDNA). In addition, a morphological documentation of 70 lithistid specimens is provided in the database of the Sponge Barcoding Project (SBP). This integrated dataset represents the largest and most comprehensive of the TWA lithistids to date. The phylogenetic diversity of 'lithistid' demosponges in the Bahamas and Jamaica are high in comparison to other TWA regions; Theonellidae and Corallistidae dominate the fauna, while Neopeltidae and Macandrewiidae are rare. A proposed tetractinellid suborder, one undescribed genus and several undescribed species are recognized and the Pacific 'lithistid' genera, Herengeria and Awhiowhio, are reported from the TWA for the first time. The higher-taxa relationships of desma-bearing tetractinellids are discussed and topics for revision suggested. Conclusion This first integrative approach of TWA 'lithistid' demosponges contributes to a better understanding of their phylogenetic affinities, diversity and bathymetric distribution patterns within the TWA. As in the Pacific, the TWA 'lithistid' demosponges dominate deep-water habitats. Deeper taxonomic investigations will undoubtedly contribute to a better comparison between present major 'lithistid' faunas and their fossil record in the Mesozoic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Schuster
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Current affiliation: Department of Biology, Nordcee, Southern University of Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Shirley A Pomponi
- Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Ft Pierce, FL, USA
| | - Andrzej Pisera
- Institute of Paleobiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Paco Cárdenas
- Pharmacognosy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Michelle Kelly
- National Centre for Coasts and Oceans, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Newmarket, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Gert Wörheide
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,GeoBio-Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,SNSB-Bayerische Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Geologie, Munich, Germany
| | - Dirk Erpenbeck
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,GeoBio-Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
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Effects of Seasonal Anoxia on the Microbial Community Structure in Demosponges in a Marine Lake in Lough Hyne, Ireland. mSphere 2021; 6:6/1/e00991-20. [PMID: 33536324 PMCID: PMC7860989 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00991-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change is expanding marine oxygen minimum zones (OMZs), while anthropogenic nutrient input depletes oxygen concentrations locally. The effects of deoxygenation on animals are generally detrimental; however, some sponges (Porifera) exhibit hypoxic and anoxic tolerance through currently unknown mechanisms. Sponges harbor highly specific microbiomes, which can include microbes with anaerobic capabilities. Sponge-microbe symbioses must also have persisted through multiple anoxic/hypoxic periods throughout Earth's history. Since sponges lack key components of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway responsible for hypoxic responses in other animals, it was hypothesized that sponge tolerance to deoxygenation may be facilitated by its microbiome. To test this hypothesis, we determined the microbial composition of sponge species tolerating seasonal anoxia and hypoxia in situ in a semienclosed marine lake, using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. We discovered a high degree of cryptic diversity among sponge species tolerating seasonal deoxygenation, including at least nine encrusting species of the orders Axinellida and Poecilosclerida. Despite significant changes in microbial community structure in the water, sponge microbiomes were species specific and remarkably stable under varied oxygen conditions, which was further explored for Eurypon spp. 2 and Hymeraphia stellifera However, some symbiont sharing occurred under anoxia. At least three symbiont combinations, all including large populations of Thaumarchaeota, corresponded with deoxygenation tolerance, and some combinations were shared between some distantly related hosts. We propose hypothetical host-symbiont interactions following deoxygenation that could confer deoxygenation tolerance.IMPORTANCE The oceans have an uncertain future due to anthropogenic stressors and an uncertain past that is becoming clearer with advances in biogeochemistry. Both past and future oceans were, or will be, deoxygenated in comparison to present conditions. Studying how sponges and their associated microbes tolerate deoxygenation provides insights into future marine ecosystems. Moreover, sponges form the earliest branch of the animal evolutionary tree, and they likely resemble some of the first animals. We determined the effects of variable environmental oxygen concentrations on the microbial communities of several demosponge species during seasonal anoxia in the field. Our results indicate that anoxic tolerance in some sponges may depend on their symbionts, but anoxic tolerance was not universal in sponges. Therefore, some sponge species could likely outcompete benthic organisms like corals in future, reduced-oxygen ecosystems. Our results support the molecular evidence that sponges and other animals have a Neoproterozoic origin and that animal evolution was not limited by low-oxygen conditions.
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Plese B, Kenny NJ, Rossi ME, Cárdenas P, Schuster A, Taboada S, Koutsouveli V, Riesgo A. Mitochondrial evolution in the Demospongiae (Porifera): Phylogeny, divergence time, and genome biology. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2020; 155:107011. [PMID: 33217579 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2020.107011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The sponge class Demospongiae is the most speciose and morphologically diverse in the phylum Porifera, and the species within it are vital components of a range of ecosystems worldwide. Despite their ubiquity, a number of recalcitrant problems still remain to be solved regarding their phylogenetic inter-relationships, the timing of their appearance, and their mitochondrial biology, the latter of which is only beginning to be investigated. Here we generated 14 new demosponge mitochondrial genomes which, alongside previously published mitochondrial resources, were used to address these issues. In addition to phylogenomic analysis, we have used syntenic data and analysis of coding regions to forge a framework for understanding the inter-relationships between Demospongiae sub-classes and orders. We have also leveraged our new resources to study the mitochondrial biology of these clades in terms of codon usage, optimisation and gene expression, to understand how these vital cellular components may have contributed to the success of the Porifera. Our results strongly support a sister relationship between Keratosa and (Verongimorpha + Heteroscleromorpha), contradicting previous studies using nuclear markers. Our study includes one species of Clionaida, and show for the first time support for a grouping of Suberitida+(Clionaida+(Tethyida + Poecilosclerida). The findings of our phylogenetic analyses are supported by in-depth examination of structural and coding-level evidence from our mitochondrial data. A time-calibrated phylogeny estimated the origin of Demospongiae in the Cambrian (~529 Mya), and suggests that most demosponge order crown-groups emerged in the Mesozoic. This work therefore provides a robust basis for considering demosponge phylogenetic relationships, as well as essential mitochondrial data for understanding the biological basis for their success and diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Plese
- Life Sciences Department, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom.
| | - Nathan James Kenny
- Life Sciences Department, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom; Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Headington Rd, Oxford OX3 0BP, United Kingdom(2).
| | - Maria Eleonora Rossi
- Life Sciences Department, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom; School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Science Building, 24 Tyndall Ave, Bristol BS8 1TH, United Kingdom.
| | - Paco Cárdenas
- Pharmacognosy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, Uppsala 751 23, Sweden.
| | - Astrid Schuster
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, Odense M 5230, Denmark; CIIMAR Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Sergi Taboada
- Life Sciences Department, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom; Department of Life Sciences, Universidad de Alcalá de Henares, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; Department of Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, C/ José Antonio Novais, 12, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Vasiliki Koutsouveli
- Life Sciences Department, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom; Pharmacognosy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, Uppsala 751 23, Sweden.
| | - Ana Riesgo
- Life Sciences Department, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom; Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales de Madrid (CSIC), c/ José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
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Carvalho FC, Cárdenas P, Ríos P, Cristobo J, Rapp HT, Xavier JR. Rock sponges (lithistid Demospongiae) of the Northeast Atlantic seamounts, with description of ten new species. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8703. [PMID: 32292645 PMCID: PMC7147441 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lithistid demosponges, also known as rock sponges, are a polyphyletic group of sponges which are widely distributed. In the Northeast Atlantic (NEA), 17 species are known and the current knowledge on their distribution is mainly restricted to the Macaronesian islands. In the Mediterranean Sea, 14 species are recorded and generally found in marine caves. METHODS Lithistids were sampled in nine NEA seamounts during the scientific expeditions Seamount 1 (1987) and Seamount 2 (1993) organized by the MNHN of Paris. Collected specimens were identified through the analyses of external and internal morphological characters using light and scanning electron microscopy, and compared with material from various museum collections as well as literature records. RESULTS A total of 68 specimens were analysed and attributed to 17 species across two orders, seven families, and seven genera, representing new records of distribution. Ten of these species are new to science, viz. Neoschrammeniella inaequalis sp. nov., N. piserai sp. nov., N. pomponiae sp. nov., Discodermia arbor sp. nov., D. kellyae sp. nov., Macandrewia schusterae sp. nov., M. minima sp. nov., Exsuperantia levii sp. nov., Leiodermatium tuba sp. nov. and Siphonidium elongatus sp. nov., and are here described and illustrated. New bathymetric records were also found for D. ramifera, D. verrucosa and M. robusta. The Meteor seamount group has a higher species richness (15 species) compared to the Lusitanian seamount group (six species). The majority of the species had their distribution restricted to one seamount, and ten are only known from a single locality, but this can be a result of sample bias. DISCUSSION The number of species shared between the seamounts and the Macaronesian islands is very reduced. The same pattern repeats between the NEA and Mediterranean Sea. This study demonstrates that NEA seamounts are ecosystems with a higher diversity of lithistids than previously thought, increasing the number of lithistids known to occur in the NEA and Mediterranean Sea from 26 to 36 species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca C. Carvalho
- Department of Biological Sciences and K.G. Jebsen Centre for Deep-Sea Research, Bergen University, Bergen, Norway
| | - Paco Cárdenas
- Pharmacognosy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Pilar Ríos
- Centro Oceanográfico de Gijón, Instituto Español de Oceanografia, Gijón, Spain
- Departamento de Zoología y Antropología Física, Universidad de Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Cristobo
- Centro Oceanográfico de Gijón, Instituto Español de Oceanografia, Gijón, Spain
- Departamento de Zoología y Antropología Física, Universidad de Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hans Tore Rapp
- Department of Biological Sciences and K.G. Jebsen Centre for Deep-Sea Research, Bergen University, Bergen, Norway
| | - Joana R. Xavier
- Department of Biological Sciences and K.G. Jebsen Centre for Deep-Sea Research, Bergen University, Bergen, Norway
- CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Universidade do Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal
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10
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Schuster A, Vargas S, Knapp IS, Pomponi SA, Toonen RJ, Erpenbeck D, Wörheide G. Divergence times in demosponges (Porifera): first insights from new mitogenomes and the inclusion of fossils in a birth-death clock model. BMC Evol Biol 2018; 18:114. [PMID: 30021516 PMCID: PMC6052604 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-018-1230-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately 80% of all described extant sponge species belong to the class Demospongiae. Yet, despite their diversity and importance, accurate divergence times are still unknown for most demosponge clades. The estimation of demosponge divergence time is key to answering fundamental questions on the origin of Demospongiae, their diversification and historical biogeography. Molecular sequence data alone is not informative on an absolute time scale, and therefore needs to be "calibrated" with additional data such as fossils. Here, we calibrate the molecular data with the fossilized birth-death model, which compared to strict node dating, allows for the inclusion of young and old fossils in the analysis of divergence time. We use desma-bearing sponges, a diverse group of demosponges that form rigid skeletons and have a rich and continuous fossil record dating back to the Cambrian (~500 Ma), to date the demosponge radiation and constrain the timing of key evolutionary events, like the transition from marine to freshwater habitats. To infer a dated phylogeny of Demospongiae we assembled the mitochondrial genomes of six desma-bearing demosponges from reduced-representation genomic libraries. The total dataset included 33 complete demosponge mitochondrial genomes and 30 fossils. RESULTS Our study supports a Neoproterozoic origin of Demospongiae. Novel age estimates for the split of freshwater and marine sponges dating back to the Carboniferous and the previously assumed recent (~18 Ma) diversification of freshwater sponges is supported. Moreover, we provide detailed age estimates for a possible diversification of Tetractinellidae (~315 Ma), the Astrophorina (~240 Ma), the Spirophorina (~120 Ma) and the family Corallistidae (~188 Ma) all of which are considered as key groups for dating the Demospongiae due to their extraordinary rich and continuous fossil history. CONCLUSION This study provides novel insights into the evolution of Demospongiae. Observed discrepancies of our dated phylogeny with their putative first fossil appearance dates are discussed for selected sponge groups. For instance, a Carboniferous origin of the order Tetractinellida seems to be too late, compared to their first appearance in the fossil record in the Middle Cambrian. This would imply that Paleozoic spicule forms are not homologous to post-Paleozoic forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Schuster
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Palaeontology and Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Richard-Wagner Str. 10, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Sergio Vargas
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Palaeontology and Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Richard-Wagner Str. 10, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Ingrid S. Knapp
- Hawai‘i Institute of Marine Biology, 46-007 Lilipuna Road, Kāne‘ohe, Hawai‘i 96744 USA
| | - Shirley A. Pomponi
- Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute-Florida Atlantic University, 5600 U.S. 1 North, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA
| | - Robert J. Toonen
- Hawai‘i Institute of Marine Biology, 46-007 Lilipuna Road, Kāne‘ohe, Hawai‘i 96744 USA
| | - Dirk Erpenbeck
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Palaeontology and Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Richard-Wagner Str. 10, 80333 Munich, Germany
- GeoBio-CenterLMU, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Richard-Wagner Str. 10, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Gert Wörheide
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Palaeontology and Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Richard-Wagner Str. 10, 80333 Munich, Germany
- GeoBio-CenterLMU, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Richard-Wagner Str. 10, 80333 Munich, Germany
- SNSB - Bavarian State Collections of Palaeontology and Geology, Richard-Wagner Str. 10, 80333 Munich, Germany
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11
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Carballo JL, Bautista-Guerrero E, CÁrdenas P, Cruz-Barraza JA, Aguilar-Camacho JM. Molecular and morphological data from Thoosidae in favour of the creation of a new suborder of Tetractinellida. SYST BIODIVERS 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2018.1457100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- JosÉ Luis Carballo
- Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (Unidad Académica Mazatlán), Avenida Joel Montes Camarena s/n, Mazatlán (SIN) 82000, PO Box 811, México
| | - Eric Bautista-Guerrero
- Laboratorio de Ecología Marina, Centro de Investigaciones Costeras, Centro Universitario de la Costa, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. Universidad No. 2013 Del, Ixtapa, Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco, CP 48280, México
| | - Paco CÁrdenas
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, BioMedical Center, Husargatan 3, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 751 23, Sweden
| | - Jose Antonio Cruz-Barraza
- Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (Unidad Académica Mazatlán), Avenida Joel Montes Camarena s/n, Mazatlán (SIN) 82000, PO Box 811, México
| | - Jose Maria Aguilar-Camacho
- Zoology, Ryan Institute, School of Natural, Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
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12
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Schuster A, Cárdenas P, Pisera A, Pomponi SA, Kelly M, Wörheide G, Erpenbeck D. Seven new deep-water Tetractinellida (Porifera: Demospongiae) from the Galápagos Islands – morphological descriptions and DNA barcodes. Zool J Linn Soc 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Schuster
- Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Palaeontology and Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Paco Cárdenas
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Division of Pharmacognosy, BioMedical Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Andrzej Pisera
- Institute of Paleobiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Warszawa, Pol
| | - Shirley A Pomponi
- Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Ft Pierce, FL, USA
| | - Michelle Kelly
- National Centre for Coasts and Oceans, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Auckland, New Zeal
| | - Gert Wörheide
- Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Palaeontology and Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- SNSB – Bavarian State Collections of Palaeontology and Geology, Munich, Germany
- GeoBio-CenterLMU, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Dirk Erpenbeck
- Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Palaeontology and Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- GeoBio-CenterLMU, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
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13
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Schuster A, Pisera A, Kelly M, Bell LJ, Pomponi SA, Wörheide G, Erpenbeck D. New species and a molecular dating analysis of Vetulina Schmidt, 1879 (Porifera: Demospongiae: Sphaerocladina) reveal an ancient relict fauna with Tethys origin. Zool J Linn Soc 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Schuster
- Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Palaeontology and Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrzej Pisera
- Institute of Paleobiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Michelle Kelly
- Coasts and Oceans National Centre, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Newmarket, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lori J Bell
- Coral Reef Research Foundation, Koror, Palau, Western Caroline Islands
| | - Shirley A Pomponi
- Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Fort Pierce, FL, USA
| | - Gert Wörheide
- Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Palaeontology and Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- SNSB – Bavarian State Collections of Palaeontology and Geology, Munich, Germany
- GeoBio-Center LMU, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Dirk Erpenbeck
- Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Palaeontology and Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- GeoBio-Center LMU, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
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14
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Mason NA, Olvera‐Vital A, Lovette IJ, Navarro‐Sigüenza AG. Hidden endemism, deep polyphyly, and repeated dispersal across the Isthmus of Tehuantepec: Diversification of the White-collared Seedeater complex (Thraupidae: Sporophila torqueola). Ecol Evol 2018; 8:1867-1881. [PMID: 29435260 PMCID: PMC5792519 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic and genetic variation are present in all species, but lineages differ in how variation is partitioned among populations. Examining phenotypic clustering and genetic structure within a phylogeographic framework can clarify which biological processes have contributed to extant biodiversity in a given lineage. Here, we investigate genetic and phenotypic variation among populations and subspecies within a Neotropical songbird complex, the White-collared Seedeater (Sporophila torqueola) of Central America and Mexico. We combine measurements of morphology and plumage patterning with thousands of nuclear loci derived from ultraconserved elements (UCEs) and mitochondrial DNA to evaluate population differentiation. We find deep levels of molecular divergence between two S. torqueola lineages that are phenotypically diagnosable: One corresponds to S. t. torqueola along the Pacific coast of Mexico, and the other includes S. t. morelleti and S. t. sharpei from the Gulf Coast of Mexico and Central America. Surprisingly, these two lineages are strongly differentiated in both nuclear and mitochondrial markers, and each is more closely related to other Sporophila species than to one another. We infer low levels of gene flow between these two groups based on demographic models, suggesting multiple independent evolutionary lineages within S. torqueola have been obscured by coarse-scale similarity in plumage patterning. These findings improve our understanding of the biogeographic history of this lineage, which includes multiple dispersal events out of South America and across the Isthmus of Tehuantepec into Mesoamerica. Finally, the phenotypic and genetic distinctiveness of the range-restricted S. t. torqueola highlights the Pacific Coast of Mexico as an important region of endemism and conservation priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A. Mason
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyCornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA
- Fuller Evolutionary Biology ProgramCornell Laboratory of OrnithologyIthacaNYUSA
| | | | - Irby J. Lovette
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyCornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA
- Fuller Evolutionary Biology ProgramCornell Laboratory of OrnithologyIthacaNYUSA
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15
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Leman-Loubière C, Le Goff G, Retailleau P, Debitus C, Ouazzani J. Sporothriolide-Related Compounds from the Fungus Hypoxylon monticulosum CLL-205 Isolated from a Sphaerocladina Sponge from the Tahiti Coast. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2017; 80:2850-2854. [PMID: 29043802 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Two sporothriolide-related compounds were obtained from an extract of the fungus Hypoxylon monticulosum CLL-205, isolated from a Sphaerocladina sponge collected from the Tahiti coast. Compound 2 is a deoxy analogue of sporothric acid (4). Compound 3 is a newly reported unusual scaffold combining sporothriolide (1) and trienylfuranol A (5) moieties, through a Diels-Alderase-type reaction. Various experimental and analytical arguments supported the biocatalytic origin of compound 3. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated using 1D and 2D NMR, HRMS, and IR data. The structure and the absolute configuration of 3 were unambiguously confirmed by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Leman-Loubière
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles ICSN , Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, Cedex, France
| | - Géraldine Le Goff
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles ICSN , Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, Cedex, France
| | - Pascal Retailleau
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles ICSN , Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, Cedex, France
| | - Cécile Debitus
- LEMAR, IRD, CNRS, IFREMER, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, IUEM, Technopole Brest-Iroise , Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Jamal Ouazzani
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles ICSN , Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, Cedex, France
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16
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Taboada S, Kenny NJ, Riesgo A, Wiklund H, Paterson GLJ, Dahlgren TG, Glover AG. Mitochondrial genome and polymorphic microsatellite markers from the abyssal sponge Plenaster craigi Lim & Wiklund, 2017: tools for understanding the impact of deep-sea mining. MARINE BIODIVERSITY : A JOURNAL OF THE SENCKENBERG RESEARCH INSTITUTE 2017; 48:621-630. [PMID: 31007772 PMCID: PMC6445405 DOI: 10.1007/s12526-017-0786-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The abyssal demosponge Plenaster craigi is endemic to the Clarion - Clipperton Zone (CCZ) in the NE Pacific, a region with abundant seafloor polymetallic nodules and of potential interest for mining. Plenaster craigi encrusts on these nodules and is an abundant component of the ecosystem. To assess the impact of mining operations, it is crucial to understand the genetics of this species, because its genetic diversity and connectivity across the area may be representative of other nodule-encrusting invertebrate epifauna. Here we describe and characterize 14 polymorphic microsatellite markers from this keystone species using Illumina MiSeq, tested for 75 individuals from three different areas across the CCZ, including an Area of Particular Environmental Interest (APEI-6) and two areas within the adjacent UK1 mining exploration area. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 3 to 30 (13.33 average alleles for all loci across areas). Observed and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.909-0.048 and from 0.954-0.255, respectively. Several loci displayed significant deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, which appears to be common in other sponge studies. The microsatellite loci described here will be used to assess the genetic structure and connectivity on populations of the sponge across the CCZ, which will be invaluable for monitoring the impact of mining operations on its habitat. Also, we provide the annotated mitochondrial genome of P. craigi, compare its arrangement with other closely related species, and discuss the phylogenetic framework for the sponge after Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference analyses using nucleotide and amino acid sequences data sets separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Taboada
- Life Sciences Department, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD UK
| | - Nathan J. Kenny
- Life Sciences Department, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD UK
| | - Ana Riesgo
- Life Sciences Department, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD UK
| | - Helena Wiklund
- Life Sciences Department, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD UK
| | - Gordon L. J. Paterson
- Life Sciences Department, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD UK
| | - Thomas G. Dahlgren
- Uni Research, PO Box 7810, 5020 Bergen, Norway
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Adrian G. Glover
- Life Sciences Department, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD UK
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17
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Lim SC, Wiklund H, Glover AG, Dahlgren TG, Tan KS. A new genus and species of abyssal sponge commonly encrusting polymetallic nodules in the Clarion-Clipperton Zone, East Pacific Ocean. SYST BIODIVERS 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2017.1358218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Swee-Cheng Lim
- Keppel-NUS Corporate Laboratory, Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, 18 Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119227
| | - Helena Wiklund
- Life Sciences Department, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Adrian G. Glover
- Life Sciences Department, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Thomas G. Dahlgren
- Uni Research, Thormølensgate 49B, Bergen, Norway
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Koh-Siang Tan
- Keppel-NUS Corporate Laboratory, Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, 18 Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119227
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18
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Schuster A, Lopez JV, Becking LE, Kelly M, Pomponi SA, Wörheide G, Erpenbeck D, Cárdenas P. Evolution of group I introns in Porifera: new evidence for intron mobility and implications for DNA barcoding. BMC Evol Biol 2017; 17:82. [PMID: 28320321 PMCID: PMC5360047 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-017-0928-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial introns intermit coding regions of genes and feature characteristic secondary structures and splicing mechanisms. In metazoans, mitochondrial introns have only been detected in sponges, cnidarians, placozoans and one annelid species. Within demosponges, group I and group II introns are present in six families. Based on different insertion sites within the cox1 gene and secondary structures, four types of group I and two types of group II introns are known, which can harbor up to three encoding homing endonuclease genes (HEG) of the LAGLIDADG family (group I) and/or reverse transcriptase (group II). However, only little is known about sponge intron mobility, transmission, and origin due to the lack of a comprehensive dataset. We analyzed the largest dataset on sponge mitochondrial group I introns to date: 95 specimens, from 11 different sponge genera which provided novel insights into the evolution of group I introns. RESULTS For the first time group I introns were detected in four genera of the sponge family Scleritodermidae (Scleritoderma, Microscleroderma, Aciculites, Setidium). We demonstrated that group I introns in sponges aggregate in the most conserved regions of cox1. We showed that co-occurrence of two introns in cox1 is unique among metazoans, but not uncommon in sponges. However, this combination always associates an active intron with a degenerating one. Earlier hypotheses of HGT were confirmed and for the first time VGT and secondary losses of introns conclusively demonstrated. CONCLUSION This study validates the subclass Spirophorina (Tetractinellida) as an intron hotspot in sponges. Our analyses confirm that most sponge group I introns probably originated from fungi. DNA barcoding is discussed and the application of alternative primers suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Schuster
- Department of Earth- & Environmental Sciences, Palaeontology and Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Richard-Wagner-Str. 10, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Jose V. Lopez
- Halmos College of Natural Sciences and Oceanography, Nova Southeastern University, Dania Beach, FL 33004 USA
| | - Leontine E. Becking
- Marine Animal Ecology, Wageningen University & Research Centre, P.O. Box 3700, AH, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Marine Zoology Department, PO Box 9517, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Michelle Kelly
- National Centre for Aquatic Biodiversity and Biosecurity, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, P.O. Box 109–695, Newmarket, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Shirley A. Pomponi
- Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute-Florida Atlantic University, 5600 U.S. 1 North, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA
| | - Gert Wörheide
- Department of Earth- & Environmental Sciences, Palaeontology and Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Richard-Wagner-Str. 10, 80333 Munich, Germany
- SNSB - Bavarian State Collections of Palaeontology and Geology, Richard-Wagner Str. 10, 80333 Munich, Germany
- GeoBio-CenterLMU, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Richard-Wagner Str. 10, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Dirk Erpenbeck
- Department of Earth- & Environmental Sciences, Palaeontology and Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Richard-Wagner-Str. 10, 80333 Munich, Germany
- GeoBio-CenterLMU, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Richard-Wagner Str. 10, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Paco Cárdenas
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Division of Pharmacognosy, BioMedical Center, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
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19
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Carella M, Agell G, Cárdenas P, Uriz MJ. Phylogenetic Reassessment of Antarctic Tetillidae (Demospongiae, Tetractinellida) Reveals New Genera and Genetic Similarity among Morphologically Distinct Species. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160718. [PMID: 27557130 PMCID: PMC4996456 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Species of Tetillidae are distributed worldwide. However, some genera are unresolved and only a few genera and species of this family have been described from the Antarctic. The incorporation of 25 new COI and 18S sequences of Antarctic Tetillidae to those used recently for assessing the genera phylogeny, has allowed us to improve the resolution of some poorly resolved nodes and to confirm the monophyly of previously identified clades. Classical genera such as Craniella recovered their traditional diagnosis by moving the Antarctic Tetilla from Craniella, where they were placed in the previous family phylogeny, to Antarctotetilla gen. nov. The morphological re-examination of specimens used in the previous phylogeny and their comparison to the type material revealed misidentifications. The proposed monotypic new genus Levantinella had uncertain phylogenetic relationships depending on the gene partition used. Two more clades would require the inclusion of additional species to be formally established as new genera. The parsimony tree based on morphological characters and the secondary structure of the 18S (V4 region) almost completely matched the COI M1-M6 and the COI+18S concatenated phylogenies. Morphological synapomorphies have been identified for the genera proposed. New 15 28S (D3-D5) and 11 COI I3-M11 partitions were exclusively sequenced for the Antarctic species subset. Remarkably, species within the Antarctic genera Cinachyra (C. barbata and C. antarctica) and Antarctotetilla (A. leptoderma, A. grandis, and A. sagitta), which are clearly distinguishable morphologically, were not genetically differentiated with any of the markers assayed. Thus, as it has been reported for other Antarctic sponges, both the mitochondrial and nuclear partitions used did not differentiate species that were well characterized morphologically. Antarctic Tetillidae offers a rare example of genetically cryptic (with the traditional markers used for sponges), morphologically distinct species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirco Carella
- Centre d’Estudis Avançats de Blanes (CEAB-CSIC), Accés Cala St Francesc 14, 17300 Blanes (Girona), Spain
| | - Gemma Agell
- Centre d’Estudis Avançats de Blanes (CEAB-CSIC), Accés Cala St Francesc 14, 17300 Blanes (Girona), Spain
| | - Paco Cárdenas
- Département Milieux et Peuplements Aquatiques, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, UMR 7208 “BOrEA”, Paris, France
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Division of Pharmacognosy, BioMedical Centre, Husargatan 3, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria J. Uriz
- Centre d’Estudis Avançats de Blanes (CEAB-CSIC), Accés Cala St Francesc 14, 17300 Blanes (Girona), Spain
- * E-mail:
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20
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Kelly M, Cárdenas P. An unprecedented new genus and family of Tetractinellida (Porifera, Demospongiae) from New Zealand's Colville Ridge, with a new type of mitochondrial group I intron. Zool J Linn Soc 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Kelly
- Coasts and Oceans National Centre; National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research Ltd; Private Bag 99940 Newmarket Auckland New Zealand
| | - Paco Cárdenas
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; Division of Pharmacognosy; BioMedical Centre; Husargatan 3; Uppsala University; 751 23 Uppsala Sweden
- Department of Systematic Biology; Evolutionary Biology Centre; Uppsala University; Norbyvägen 18D 752 36 Uppsala Sweden
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21
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Erpenbeck D, Voigt O, Al-Aidaroos AM, Berumen ML, Büttner G, Catania D, Guirguis AN, Paulay G, Schätzle S, Wörheide G. Molecular biodiversity of Red Sea demosponges. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 105:507-514. [PMID: 26776057 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Sponges are important constituents of coral reef ecosystems, including those around the Arabian Peninsula. Despite their importance, our knowledge on demosponge diversity in this area is insufficient to recognize, for example, faunal changes caused by anthropogenic disturbances. We here report the first assessment of demosponge molecular biodiversity from Arabia, with focus on the Saudi Arabian Red Sea, based on mitochondrial and nuclear ribosomal molecular markers gathered in the framework of the Sponge Barcoding Project. We use a rapid molecular screening approach on Arabian demosponge collections and analyze results in comparison against published material in terms of biodiversity. We use a variable region of 28S rDNA, applied for the first time in the assessment of demosponge molecular diversity. Our data constitutes a solid foundation for a future more comprehensive understanding of sponge biodiversity of the Red Sea and adjacent waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Erpenbeck
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Richard-Wagner Str. 10, 80333 Munich, Germany; GeoBio-Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Richard-Wagner Str. 10, 80333 Munich, Germany.
| | - Oliver Voigt
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Richard-Wagner Str. 10, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Ali M Al-Aidaroos
- Faculty of Marine Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 80207, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michael L Berumen
- Red Sea Research Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gabriele Büttner
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Richard-Wagner Str. 10, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Daniela Catania
- Red Sea Research Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel Naguib Guirguis
- Faculty of Marine Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 80207, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gustav Paulay
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Simone Schätzle
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Richard-Wagner Str. 10, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Gert Wörheide
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Richard-Wagner Str. 10, 80333 Munich, Germany; GeoBio-Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Richard-Wagner Str. 10, 80333 Munich, Germany; Bavarian State Collection for Paleontology and Geology, Richard-Wagner Str. 10, 80333 Munich, Germany.
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22
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Morrow C, Cárdenas P. Proposal for a revised classification of the Demospongiae (Porifera). Front Zool 2015; 12:7. [PMID: 25901176 PMCID: PMC4404696 DOI: 10.1186/s12983-015-0099-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Demospongiae is the largest sponge class including 81% of all living sponges with nearly 7,000 species worldwide. Systema Porifera (2002) was the result of a large international collaboration to update the Demospongiae higher taxa classification, essentially based on morphological data. Since then, an increasing number of molecular phylogenetic studies have considerably shaken this taxonomic framework, with numerous polyphyletic groups revealed or confirmed and new clades discovered. And yet, despite a few taxonomical changes, the overall framework of the Systema Porifera classification still stands and is used as it is by the scientific community. This has led to a widening phylogeny/classification gap which creates biases and inconsistencies for the many end-users of this classification and ultimately impedes our understanding of today's marine ecosystems and evolutionary processes. In an attempt to bridge this phylogeny/classification gap, we propose to officially revise the higher taxa Demospongiae classification. DISCUSSION We propose a revision of the Demospongiae higher taxa classification, essentially based on molecular data of the last ten years. We recommend the use of three subclasses: Verongimorpha, Keratosa and Heteroscleromorpha. We retain seven (Agelasida, Chondrosiida, Dendroceratida, Dictyoceratida, Haplosclerida, Poecilosclerida, Verongiida) of the 13 orders from Systema Porifera. We recommend the abandonment of five order names (Hadromerida, Halichondrida, Halisarcida, lithistids, Verticillitida) and resurrect or upgrade six order names (Axinellida, Merliida, Spongillida, Sphaerocladina, Suberitida, Tetractinellida). Finally, we create seven new orders (Bubarida, Desmacellida, Polymastiida, Scopalinida, Clionaida, Tethyida, Trachycladida). These added to the recently created orders (Biemnida and Chondrillida) make a total of 22 orders in the revised classification. We propose the abandonment of the haplosclerid and poecilosclerid suborders. The family content of each order is also revised. SUMMARY The deletion of polyphyletic taxa, the use of resurrected or new names for new clades and the proposal of new family groupings will improve the comparability of studies in a wide range of scientific fields using sponges as their object of study. It is envisaged that this will lead to new and more meaningful evolutionary hypotheses for the end-users of the Demospongiae classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Morrow
- />Queen’s University Belfast, Marine Laboratory, Portaferry BT22 1PF, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Paco Cárdenas
- />Department of Organismal Biology, Division of Systematic Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
- />Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Division of Pharmacognosy, BioMedical Centre, Husargatan 3, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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