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Moree SS, Böhm L, Hoffmann T, Schwab WG. Kinetics of Secoisolariciresinol Glucosyltransferase LuUGT74S1 and Its Mutants. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:20005-20013. [PMID: 39213532 PMCID: PMC11403609 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c06229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The lignan secoisolariciresinol (SECO) diglucoside (SDG) is a phytoestrogen with diverse effects. LuUGT74S1 glucosylates SECO to SDG, whereby only small amounts of the monoglucoside SMG are formed intermediately, which exhibit increased activity. To identify critical amino acids that are important for enzymatic activity and the SMG/SDG ratio, 3D structural modeling and docking, as well as site-directed mutation studies, were performed. Enzyme assays with ten mutants revealed that four of them had identical kinetic data to LuUGT74S1, while three showed reduced and one increased catalytic efficiency kcat/Km. S82F and E189L substitutions resulted in the complete absence of activity. A17 and Q136 are crucial for the conversion of SMG to SDG as A17S and Q136F mutants exhibited the highest SMG/SDG ratios of 0.7 and 0.4. Kinetic analyses show that diglucosylation is an essentially irreversible reaction, while monoglycosylation is kinetically favored. The results lay the foundation for the biotechnological production of SMG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadiq Saleh Moree
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, Freising 85354, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Thamar, P.O. Box 87246, Sana'a-Tiaz Road, Thamar 87246, Yemen
| | - Lukas Böhm
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, Freising 85354, Germany
| | - Thomas Hoffmann
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, Freising 85354, Germany
| | - Wilfried G Schwab
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, Freising 85354, Germany
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Sundaramoorthy J, Park GT, Komagamine K, Tsukamoto C, Chang JH, Lee JD, Kim JH, Seo HS, Song JT. Biosynthesis of DDMP saponins in soybean is regulated by a distinct UDP-glycosyltransferase. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 222:261-274. [PMID: 30414191 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
2,3-Dihydro-2,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one (DDMP) saponins are one of the major saponin groups that are widely distributed in legumes such as pea, barrel medic, chickpea, and soybean. The steps involved in DDMP saponin biosynthesis remain uncharacterized at the molecular level. We isolated two recessive mutants that lack DDMP saponins from an ethyl methanesulfonate-induced mutant population of soybean cultivar Pungsannamul. Segregation analysis showed that the production of DDMP saponins is controlled by a single locus, named Sg-9. The locus was physically mapped to a 130-kb region on chromosome 16. Nucleotide sequence analysis of candidate genes in the region revealed that each mutant has a single-nucleotide polymorphism in the Glyma.16G033700 encoding a UDP-glycosyltransferase UGT73B4. Enzyme assays and mass spectrum-coupled chromatographic analysis reveal that the Sg-9 protein has glycosyltransferase activity, converting sapogenins and group B saponins to glycosylated products, and that mutant proteins had only partial activities. The tissue-specific expression profile of Sg-9 matches the accumulation pattern of DDMP saponins. This is the first report on a new gene and its function in the biosynthesis of DDMP saponins. Our findings indicate that Sg-9 encodes a putative DDMP transferase that plays a critical role in the biosynthesis of DDMP saponins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gyu Tae Park
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Korea
| | - Kumpei Komagamine
- Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate, 020-8550, Japan
| | - Chigen Tsukamoto
- Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate, 020-8550, Japan
| | - Jeong Ho Chang
- Department of Biology Education, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Korea
| | - Jeong-Dong Lee
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Korea
| | - Jeong Hoe Kim
- Department of Biology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Korea
| | - Hak Soo Seo
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Jong Tae Song
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Korea
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Kezimana P, Dmitriev AA, Kudryavtseva AV, Romanova EV, Melnikova NV. Secoisolariciresinol Diglucoside of Flaxseed and Its Metabolites: Biosynthesis and Potential for Nutraceuticals. Front Genet 2018; 9:641. [PMID: 30619466 PMCID: PMC6299007 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG), found mainly in flaxseed, is one of the essential lignans. SDG, as well as the beneficial fatty acid composition and high fiber content, has made flaxseed an important source of functional food or nutraceutical ingredients. Various studies have shown that SDG offers several health benefits, including protective effects against cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer, and mental stress. These health benefits have been attributed to the antioxidant properties of SDG. Additionally, SDG metabolites, namely mammalian lignans, enterodiol and enterolactone, have shown promising effects against cancer. Therefore, understanding the biosynthetic pathway of SDG and its molecular mechanisms is a key to enable the production of new flaxseed cultivars rich in nutraceutical content. The present review highlights studies on the different health benefits of SDG, as well as lignan biosynthesis in flaxseed and genes involved in the biosynthetic pathway. Since SDG, the predominant lignan in flaxseed, is a glycosylated lignan, we also focus on studies investigating the genes involved in secoisolariciresinol glycosylation. These genes can be used to produce new cultivars with a novel level of glycosylation or lignan composition to maximize the yields of lignans with a therapeutic or protective potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parfait Kezimana
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Agrobiotechnology, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey A. Dmitriev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna V. Kudryavtseva
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena V. Romanova
- Department of Agrobiotechnology, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Nataliya V. Melnikova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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Fofana B, Ghose K, Somalraju A, McCallum J, Main D, Deyholos MK, Rowland GG, Cloutier S. Induced Mutagenesis in UGT74S1 Gene Leads to Stable New Flax Lines with Altered Secoisolariciresinol Diglucoside (SDG) Profiles. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1638. [PMID: 28983308 PMCID: PMC5613138 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Flax secoisolariciresinol (SECO) diglucoside (SDG) lignan is an emerging natural product purported to prevent chronic diseases in humans. SECO, the aglycone form of SDG, has shown higher intestinal cell absorption but it is not accumulated naturally in planta. Recently, we have identified and characterized a UDP-glucosyltransferase gene, UGT74S1, that glucosylates SECO into its monoglucoside (SMG) and SDG forms when expressed in yeast. However, whether this gene is unique in controlling SECO glucosylation into SDG in planta is unclear. Here, we report on the use of UGT74S1 in reverse and forward genetics to characterize an ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) mutagenized flax population from cultivar CDC Bethune and consisting of 1996 M2 families. EMS mutagenesis generated 73 SNP variants causing 79 mutational events in the UGT74S1 exonic regions of 93 M2 families. The mutation frequency in the exonic regions was determined to be one per 28 Kb. Of these mutations, 13 homozygous missense mutations and two homozygous nonsense mutations were observed and all were transmitted into the M3 and M4 generations. Forward genetics screening of the population showed homozygous nonsense mutants completely lacking SDG biosynthesis while the production of SMG was observed only in a subset of the M4 lines. Heterozygous or homozygous M4 missense mutants displayed a wide range of SDG levels, some being greater than those of CDC Bethune. No additional deleterious mutations were detected in these mutant lines using a panel of 10 other genes potentially involved in the lignan biosynthesis. This study provides further evidence that UGT74S1 is unique in controlling SDG formation from SECO and this is the first report of non-transgenic flax germplasm with simultaneous knockout of SDG and presence of SMG in planta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bourlaye Fofana
- Charlottetown Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food CanadaCharlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - Kaushik Ghose
- Charlottetown Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food CanadaCharlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - Ashok Somalraju
- Charlottetown Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food CanadaCharlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - Jason McCallum
- Charlottetown Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food CanadaCharlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - David Main
- Charlottetown Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food CanadaCharlottetown, PE, Canada
| | | | - Gordon G. Rowland
- Department of Plant Science, Crop Development Centre, University of SaskatchewanSaskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Sylvie Cloutier
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food CanadaOttawa, ON, Canada
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Fofana B, Ghose K, McCallum J, You FM, Cloutier S. UGT74S1 is the key player in controlling secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) formation in flax. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 17:35. [PMID: 28152982 PMCID: PMC5290659 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-017-0982-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flax lignan, commonly known as secoisolariciresinol (SECO) diglucoside (SDG), has recently been reported with health-promoting activities, including its positive impact in metabolic diseases. However, not much was reported on the biosynthesis of SDG and its monoglucoside (SMG) until lately. Flax UGT74S1 was recently reported to sequentially glucosylate SECO into SMG and SDG in vitro. However, whether this gene is the only UGT achieving SECO glucosylation in flax was not known. RESULTS Flax genome-wide mining for UGTs was performed. Phylogenetic and gene duplication analyses, heterologous gene expression and enzyme assays were conducted to identify family members closely related to UGT74S1 and to establish their roles in SECO glucosylation. A total of 299 different UGTs were identified, of which 241 (81%) were duplicated. Flax UGTs diverged 2.4-153.6 MYA and 71% were found to be under purifying selection pressure. UGT74S1, a single copy gene located on chromosome 7, displayed no evidence of duplication and was deemed to be under positive selection pressure. The phylogenetic analysis identified four main clusters where cluster 4, which included UGT74S1, was the most diverse. The duplicated UGT74S4 and UGT74S3, located on chromosomes 8 and 14, respectively, were the most closely related to UGT74S1 and were differentially expressed in different tissues. Heterologous expression levels of UGT74S1, UGT74S4 and UGT74S3 proteins were similar but UGT74S4 and UGT74S3 glucosylation activity towards SECO was seven fold less than UGT74S1. In addition, they both failed to produce SDG, suggesting neofunctionalization following their divergence from UGT74S1. CONCLUSIONS We showed that UGT74S1 is closely related to two duplicated genes, UGT74S4 and UGT74S3 which, unlike UGT74S1, failed to glucosylate SMG into SDG. The study suggests that UGT74S1 may be the key player in controlling SECO glucosylation into SDG in flax although its closely related genes may also contribute to a minor extent in supplying the SMG precursor to UGT74S1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bourlaye Fofana
- Charlottetown Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 440 University Avenue, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island C1A 4N6 Canada
| | - Kaushik Ghose
- Charlottetown Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 440 University Avenue, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island C1A 4N6 Canada
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA
| | - Jason McCallum
- Charlottetown Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 440 University Avenue, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island C1A 4N6 Canada
| | - Frank M. You
- Morden Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 101 Route 100 Unit 100, Morden, Manitoba R6M 1Y5 Canada
| | - Sylvie Cloutier
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6 Canada
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Zhang L, Chen J, Zhou X, Chen X, Li Q, Tan H, Dong X, Xiao Y, Chen L, Chen W. Dynamic metabolic and transcriptomic profiling of methyl jasmonate-treated hairy roots reveals synthetic characters and regulators of lignan biosynthesis in Isatis indigotica Fort. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2016; 14:2217-2227. [PMID: 27155368 PMCID: PMC5103230 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A molecular description of lignan biosynthesis in Isatis indigotica displaying its synthetic characteristics and regulatory mechanism is of great importance for the improvement of the production of this class of active compounds. To discover the potential key catalytic steps and regulatory genes, I. indigotica hairy roots elicited by methyl jasmonate (MeJA) were used as a source of systematic variation for exploring the metabolic/transcriptional changes and candidate genes that might play key roles in lignan biosynthesis. The reprogramming modulated by MeJA was classified into three distinct phases, referred to as signal responding, transcriptional activation of metabolic pathways and accumulation of metabolites. Candidate genes were pooled according to the three phases and applied to co-expression network analysis. In total, 17 genes were identified as hub genes. 4CL3 was selected to validate its impact on lignan biosynthesis. RNAi of 4CL3 resulted in a significant reduction in lignan production. Taken together with its catalytic property, a major route of lignan biosynthesis in I. indigotica was highlighted, which was catalysed by 4CL3 via the esterization of caffeic acid. In conclusion, this study provides new insights into lignan biosynthesis as well as potential targets for metabolic engineering in I. indigotica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of PharmacyChangzheng HospitalSecond Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
- Department of Pharmaceutical BotanySchool of PharmacySecond Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Junfeng Chen
- Department of PharmacyChangzheng HospitalSecond Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xun Zhou
- Department of PharmacyChangzheng HospitalSecond Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xiaofei Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical BotanySchool of PharmacySecond Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Qing Li
- Department of PharmacyChangzheng HospitalSecond Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Hexin Tan
- Department of Pharmaceutical BotanySchool of PharmacySecond Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xin Dong
- Analysis and Testing CenterSchool of PharmacySecond Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Ying Xiao
- Department of PharmacyChangzheng HospitalSecond Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Langdong Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical BotanySchool of PharmacySecond Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Wansheng Chen
- Department of PharmacyChangzheng HospitalSecond Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
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Martínez-García PJ, Crepeau MW, Puiu D, Gonzalez-Ibeas D, Whalen J, Stevens KA, Paul R, Butterfield TS, Britton MT, Reagan RL, Chakraborty S, Walawage SL, Vasquez-Gross HA, Cardeno C, Famula RA, Pratt K, Kuruganti S, Aradhya MK, Leslie CA, Dandekar AM, Salzberg SL, Wegrzyn JL, Langley CH, Neale DB. The walnut (Juglans regia) genome sequence reveals diversity in genes coding for the biosynthesis of non-structural polyphenols. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 87:507-32. [PMID: 27145194 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.), a diploid species native to the mountainous regions of Central Asia, is the major walnut species cultivated for nut production and is one of the most widespread tree nut species in the world. The high nutritional value of J. regia nuts is associated with a rich array of polyphenolic compounds, whose complete biosynthetic pathways are still unknown. A J. regia genome sequence was obtained from the cultivar 'Chandler' to discover target genes and additional unknown genes. The 667-Mbp genome was assembled using two different methods (SOAPdenovo2 and MaSuRCA), with an N50 scaffold size of 464 955 bp (based on a genome size of 606 Mbp), 221 640 contigs and a GC content of 37%. Annotation with MAKER-P and other genomic resources yielded 32 498 gene models. Previous studies in walnut relying on tissue-specific methods have only identified a single polyphenol oxidase (PPO) gene (JrPPO1). Enabled by the J. regia genome sequence, a second homolog of PPO (JrPPO2) was discovered. In addition, about 130 genes in the large gallate 1-β-glucosyltransferase (GGT) superfamily were detected. Specifically, two genes, JrGGT1 and JrGGT2, were significantly homologous to the GGT from Quercus robur (QrGGT), which is involved in the synthesis of 1-O-galloyl-β-d-glucose, a precursor for the synthesis of hydrolysable tannins. The reference genome for J. regia provides meaningful insight into the complex pathways required for the synthesis of polyphenols. The walnut genome sequence provides important tools and methods to accelerate breeding and to facilitate the genetic dissection of complex traits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marc W Crepeau
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Daniela Puiu
- Center for Computational Biology, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Daniel Gonzalez-Ibeas
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269-3043, USA
| | - Jeanne Whalen
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269-3043, USA
| | - Kristian A Stevens
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Robin Paul
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269-3043, USA
| | | | | | - Russell L Reagan
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Sandeep Chakraborty
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Sriema L Walawage
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | | | - Charis Cardeno
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Randi A Famula
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Kevin Pratt
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269-3043, USA
| | - Sowmya Kuruganti
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269-3043, USA
| | | | - Charles A Leslie
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Abhaya M Dandekar
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Steven L Salzberg
- Center for Computational Biology, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Computer Science, and Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Jill L Wegrzyn
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269-3043, USA
| | - Charles H Langley
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - David B Neale
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
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Warth B, Siegwart G, Lemmens M, Krska R, Adam G, Schuhmacher R. Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry for the quantification of uridine diphosphate-glucose, uridine diphosphate-glucuronic acid, deoxynivalenol and its glucoside: In-house validation and application to wheat. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1423:183-9. [PMID: 26554298 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.10.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Nucleotide sugars, the activated forms of monosaccharides, are important metabolites involved in a multitude of cellular processes including glycosylation of xenobiotics. Especially in plants, UDP-glucose is one of the most prominent members among these nucleotide-sugars, as it is involved in the formation of glucose conjugates of xenobiotics, including mycotoxins, but also holds a central role in the interconversion of energized sugars such as the formation of UDP-glucuronic acid required for cell wall biosynthesis. Here, we present the first HILIC-LC-ESI-TQ-MS/MS method for the quantification of UDP-glucose and UDP-glucuronic acid together with the Fusarium toxin deoxynivalenol (DON) and its major plant detoxification product DON-3-O-glucoside (DON-3-Glc) utilizing a polymer-based column. For sample preparation a time-effective and straightforward 'dilute and shoot' protocol was applied. The chromatographic run time was minimized to 9min including proper column re-equilibration. In-house validation of the method verified its linear range, intra- (1-7%) and interday (8-20%) precision, instrumental LODs between 0.6 and 10ngmL(-1), selectivity and moderate matrix effects with mean recoveries of 85-103%. To prove the methods applicability, we analyzed two sets of wheat extracts obtained from different cultivars grown under standardized greenhouse conditions. The results clearly demonstrated the suitability of the developed method to quantify UDP-glucose, DON and its masked form D3G in diluted wheat extracts. We observed differing concentration levels of UDP-glucose in the two wheat cultivars showing different resistance to the severe plant disease Fusarium head blight. We propose that the higher ability to detoxify DON into DON-3-Glc might be a consequence of the higher cellular UDP-glucose pool in the resistant cultivar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Warth
- Center for Analytical Chemistry, Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 20, A-3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Gerald Siegwart
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Marc Lemmens
- Institute for Biotechnology in Plant Production, Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 20, A-3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Rudolf Krska
- Center for Analytical Chemistry, Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 20, A-3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Gerhard Adam
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Rainer Schuhmacher
- Center for Analytical Chemistry, Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 20, A-3430 Tulln, Austria.
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