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Hirschfeldova K, Cerny J, Bozikova P, Kuchtiak V, Rausch T, Benes V, Spaniel F, Gregus D, Horacek J, Vyklicky L, Balik A. Evidence for the Association between the Intronic Haplotypes of Ionotropic Glutamate Receptors and First-Episode Schizophrenia. J Pers Med 2021; 11:1250. [PMID: 34945722 PMCID: PMC8708351 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11121250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The heritable component of schizophrenia (SCH) as a polygenic trait is represented by numerous variants from a heterogeneous group of genes each contributing a relatively small effect. Various SNPs have already been found and analyzed in genes encoding the NMDAR subunits. However, less is known about genetic variations of genes encoding the AMPA and kainate receptor subunits. We analyzed sixteen iGluR genes in full length to determine the sequence variability of iGluR genes. Our aim was to describe the rate of genetic variability, its distribution, and the co-occurrence of variants and to identify new candidate risk variants or haplotypes. The cumulative effect of genetic risk was then estimated using a simple scoring model. GRIN2A-B, GRIN3A-B, and GRIK4 genes showed significantly increased genetic variation in SCH patients. The fixation index statistic revealed eight intronic haplotypes and an additional four intronic SNPs within the sequences of iGluR genes associated with SCH (p < 0.05). The haplotypes were used in the proposed simple scoring model and moreover as a test for genetic predisposition to schizophrenia. The positive likelihood ratio for the scoring model test reached 7.11. We also observed 41 protein-altering variants (38 missense variants, four frameshifts, and one nonsense variant) that were not significantly associated with SCH. Our data suggest that some intronic regulatory regions of iGluR genes and their common variability are among the components from which the genetic predisposition to SCH is composed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Hirschfeldova
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic;
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.C.); (V.K.); (L.V.)
| | - Jiri Cerny
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.C.); (V.K.); (L.V.)
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, 25250 Vestec, Czech Republic;
| | - Paulina Bozikova
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, 25250 Vestec, Czech Republic;
| | - Viktor Kuchtiak
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.C.); (V.K.); (L.V.)
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tobias Rausch
- Genomics Core Facility, EMBL, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany; (T.R.); (V.B.)
| | - Vladimir Benes
- Genomics Core Facility, EMBL, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany; (T.R.); (V.B.)
| | - Filip Spaniel
- The National Institute of Mental Health, 25067 Klecany, Czech Republic; (F.S.); (D.G.); (J.H.)
| | - David Gregus
- The National Institute of Mental Health, 25067 Klecany, Czech Republic; (F.S.); (D.G.); (J.H.)
| | - Jiri Horacek
- The National Institute of Mental Health, 25067 Klecany, Czech Republic; (F.S.); (D.G.); (J.H.)
| | - Ladislav Vyklicky
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.C.); (V.K.); (L.V.)
| | - Ales Balik
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.C.); (V.K.); (L.V.)
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, 25250 Vestec, Czech Republic
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Lori A, Schultebraucks K, Galatzer-Levy I, Daskalakis NP, Katrinli S, Smith AK, Myers AJ, Richholt R, Huentelman M, Guffanti G, Wuchty S, Gould F, Harvey PD, Nemeroff CB, Jovanovic T, Gerasimov ES, Maples-Keller JL, Stevens JS, Michopoulos V, Rothbaum BO, Wingo AP, Ressler KJ. Transcriptome-wide association study of post-trauma symptom trajectories identified GRIN3B as a potential biomarker for PTSD development. Neuropsychopharmacology 2021; 46:1811-1820. [PMID: 34188182 PMCID: PMC8357796 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-021-01073-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Biomarkers that predict symptom trajectories after trauma can facilitate early detection or intervention for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and may also advance our understanding of its biology. Here, we aimed to identify trajectory-based biomarkers using blood transcriptomes collected in the immediate aftermath of trauma exposure. Participants were recruited from an Emergency Department in the immediate aftermath of trauma exposure and assessed for PTSD symptoms at baseline, 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. Three empirical symptom trajectories (chronic-PTSD, remitting, and resilient) were identified in 377 individuals based on longitudinal symptoms across four data points (1, 3, 6, and 12 months), using latent growth mixture modeling. Blood transcriptomes were examined for association with longitudinal symptom trajectories, followed by expression quantitative trait locus analysis. GRIN3B and AMOTL1 blood mRNA levels were associated with chronic vs. resilient post-trauma symptom trajectories at a transcriptome-wide significant level (N = 153, FDR-corrected p value = 0.0063 and 0.0253, respectively). We identified four genetic variants that regulate mRNA blood expression levels of GRIN3B. Among these, GRIN3B rs10401454 was associated with PTSD in an independent dataset (N = 3521, p = 0.04). Examination of the BrainCloud and GTEx databases revealed that rs10401454 was associated with brain mRNA expression levels of GRIN3B. While further replication and validation studies are needed, our data suggest that GRIN3B, a glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit-3B, may be involved in the manifestation of PTSD. In addition, the blood mRNA level of GRIN3B may be a promising early biomarker for the PTSD manifestation and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Lori
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Katharina Schultebraucks
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Data Science Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Isaac Galatzer-Levy
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nikolaos P Daskalakis
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School and McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Seyma Katrinli
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Alicia K Smith
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Amanda J Myers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ryan Richholt
- Neurogenomics Division and Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Matthew Huentelman
- Neurogenomics Division and Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Guia Guffanti
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School and McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Stefan Wuchty
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
- Department of Computer Science, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
- Institute of Data Science and Computing, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Felicia Gould
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Philip D Harvey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Tanja Jovanovic
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | | | - Jennifer S Stevens
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Vasiliki Michopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Barbara O Rothbaum
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Aliza P Wingo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Division of Mental Health, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA.
| | - Kerry J Ressler
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School and McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA.
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Rovný R, Besterciová D, Riečanský I. Genetic Determinants of Gating Functions: Do We Get Closer to Understanding Schizophrenia Etiopathogenesis? Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:550225. [PMID: 33324248 PMCID: PMC7723973 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.550225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Deficits in the gating of sensory stimuli, i.e., the ability to suppress the processing of irrelevant sensory input, are considered to play an important role in the pathogenesis of several neuropsychiatric disorders, in particular schizophrenia. Gating is disrupted both in schizophrenia patients and their unaffected relatives, suggesting that gating deficit may represent a biomarker associated with a genetic liability to the disorder. To assess the strength of the evidence for the etiopathogenetic links between genetic variation, gating efficiency, and schizophrenia, we carried out a systematic review of human genetic association studies of sensory gating (suppression of the P50 component of the auditory event-related brain potential) and sensorimotor gating (prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle response). Sixty-three full-text articles met the eligibility criteria for inclusion in the review. In total, 117 genetic variants were reported to be associated with gating functions: 33 variants for sensory gating, 80 variants for sensorimotor gating, and four variants for both sensory and sensorimotor gating. However, only five of these associations (four for prepulse inhibition-CHRNA3 rs1317286, COMT rs4680, HTR2A rs6311, and TCF4 rs9960767, and one for P50 suppression-CHRNA7 rs67158670) were consistently replicated in independent samples. Although these variants and genes were all implicated in schizophrenia in research studies, only two polymorphisms (HTR2A rs6311 and TCF4 rs9960767) were also reported to be associated with schizophrenia at a meta-analytic or genome-wide level of evidence. Thus, although gating is widely considered as an important endophenotype of schizophrenia, these findings demonstrate that evidence for a common genetic etiology of impaired gating functions and schizophrenia is yet unsatisfactory, warranting further studies in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rastislav Rovný
- Department of Behavioural Neuroscience, Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Dominika Besterciová
- Department of Behavioural Neuroscience, Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Igor Riečanský
- Department of Behavioural Neuroscience, Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Social, Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Unit, Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Yi JH, Whitcomb DJ, Park SJ, Martinez-Perez C, Barbati SA, Mitchell SJ, Cho K. M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor dysfunction in moderate Alzheimer's disease pathology. Brain Commun 2020; 2:fcaa058. [PMID: 32766549 PMCID: PMC7391992 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcaa058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aggregation of amyloid beta and loss of cholinergic innervation in the brain are predominant components of Alzheimer’s disease pathology and likely underlie cognitive impairment. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors are one of the few treatment options for Alzheimer’s disease, where levels of available acetylcholine are enhanced to counteract the cholinergic loss. However, these inhibitors show limited clinical efficacy. One potential explanation for this is a concomitant dysregulation of cholinergic receptors themselves as a consequence of the amyloid beta pathology. We tested this hypothesis by examining levels of M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in the temporal cortex from seven Alzheimer’s disease and seven non-disease age-matched control brain tissue samples (control: 85 ± 2.63 years old, moderate Alzheimer’s disease: 84 ± 2.32 years old, P-value = 0.721; eight female and six male patients). The samples were categorized into two groups: ‘control’ (Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease diagnosis of ‘No Alzheimer’s disease’, and Braak staging pathology of I–II) and ‘moderate Alzheimer’s disease’ (Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease diagnosis of ‘possible/probable Alzheimer’s disease’, and Braak staging pathology of IV). We find that in comparison to age-matched controls, there is a loss of M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in moderate Alzheimer’s disease tissue (control: 2.17 ± 0.27 arbitrary units, n = 7, Mod-AD: 0.83 ± 0.16 arbitrary units, n = 7, two-tailed t-test, t = 4.248, P = 0.00113). Using a functional rat cortical brain slice model, we find that postsynaptic muscarinic acetylcholine receptor function is dysregulated by aberrant amyloid beta-mediated activation of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5. Crucially, blocking metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 restores muscarinic acetylcholine receptor function and object recognition memory in 5XFAD transgenic mice. This indicates that the amyloid beta-mediated activation of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 negatively regulates muscarinic acetylcholine receptor and illustrates the importance of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors as a potential disease-modifying target in the moderate pathological stages of Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Hyun Yi
- Bristol Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK
| | - Daniel J Whitcomb
- Bristol Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK
| | - Se Jin Park
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea
| | - Celia Martinez-Perez
- Bristol Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK
| | - Saviana A Barbati
- UK Dementia Research Institute at King's College London, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Scott J Mitchell
- UK Dementia Research Institute at King's College London, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Kwangwook Cho
- Bristol Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute at King's College London, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, UK
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Schneider VA, Graves-Lindsay T, Howe K, Bouk N, Chen HC, Kitts PA, Murphy TD, Pruitt KD, Thibaud-Nissen F, Albracht D, Fulton RS, Kremitzki M, Magrini V, Markovic C, McGrath S, Steinberg KM, Auger K, Chow W, Collins J, Harden G, Hubbard T, Pelan S, Simpson JT, Threadgold G, Torrance J, Wood JM, Clarke L, Koren S, Boitano M, Peluso P, Li H, Chin CS, Phillippy AM, Durbin R, Wilson RK, Flicek P, Eichler EE, Church DM. Evaluation of GRCh38 and de novo haploid genome assemblies demonstrates the enduring quality of the reference assembly. Genome Res 2017; 27:849-864. [PMID: 28396521 PMCID: PMC5411779 DOI: 10.1101/gr.213611.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 533] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The human reference genome assembly plays a central role in nearly all aspects of today's basic and clinical research. GRCh38 is the first coordinate-changing assembly update since 2009; it reflects the resolution of roughly 1000 issues and encompasses modifications ranging from thousands of single base changes to megabase-scale path reorganizations, gap closures, and localization of previously orphaned sequences. We developed a new approach to sequence generation for targeted base updates and used data from new genome mapping technologies and single haplotype resources to identify and resolve larger assembly issues. For the first time, the reference assembly contains sequence-based representations for the centromeres. We also expanded the number of alternate loci to create a reference that provides a more robust representation of human population variation. We demonstrate that the updates render the reference an improved annotation substrate, alter read alignments in unchanged regions, and impact variant interpretation at clinically relevant loci. We additionally evaluated a collection of new de novo long-read haploid assemblies and conclude that although the new assemblies compare favorably to the reference with respect to continuity, error rate, and gene completeness, the reference still provides the best representation for complex genomic regions and coding sequences. We assert that the collected updates in GRCh38 make the newer assembly a more robust substrate for comprehensive analyses that will promote our understanding of human biology and advance our efforts to improve health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie A Schneider
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20894, USA
| | - Tina Graves-Lindsay
- McDonnell Genome Institute at Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63018, USA
| | - Kerstin Howe
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Nathan Bouk
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20894, USA
| | - Hsiu-Chuan Chen
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20894, USA
| | - Paul A Kitts
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20894, USA
| | - Terence D Murphy
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20894, USA
| | - Kim D Pruitt
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20894, USA
| | - Françoise Thibaud-Nissen
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20894, USA
| | - Derek Albracht
- McDonnell Genome Institute at Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63018, USA
| | - Robert S Fulton
- McDonnell Genome Institute at Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63018, USA
| | - Milinn Kremitzki
- McDonnell Genome Institute at Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63018, USA
| | - Vincent Magrini
- McDonnell Genome Institute at Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63018, USA
| | - Chris Markovic
- McDonnell Genome Institute at Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63018, USA
| | - Sean McGrath
- McDonnell Genome Institute at Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63018, USA
| | | | - Kate Auger
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - William Chow
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna Collins
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Glenn Harden
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy Hubbard
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Pelan
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Jared T Simpson
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Glen Threadgold
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - James Torrance
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan M Wood
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Clarke
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, United Kingdom
| | - Sergey Koren
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | | | - Paul Peluso
- Pacific Biosciences, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Heng Li
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | | | - Adam M Phillippy
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Richard Durbin
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Richard K Wilson
- McDonnell Genome Institute at Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63018, USA
| | - Paul Flicek
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, United Kingdom
| | - Evan E Eichler
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Deanna M Church
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20894, USA
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GRIN3B missense mutation as an inherited risk factor for schizophrenia: whole-exome sequencing in a family with a familiar history of psychotic disorders. Genet Res (Camb) 2017; 99:e1. [PMID: 28132660 PMCID: PMC6865172 DOI: 10.1017/s0016672316000148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamate is the most important excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. The N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor is a glutamate-gated ionotropic cation channel that is composed of several subunits and modulated by a glycine binding site. Many forms of synaptic plasticity depend on the influx of calcium ions through NMDA receptors, and NMDA receptor dysfunction has been linked to a number of neuropsychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia. Whole-exome sequencing was performed in a family with a strong history of psychotic disorders over three generations. We used an iterative strategy to obtain condense and meaningful variants. In this highly affected family, we found a frameshift mutation (rs10666583) in the GRIN3B gene, which codes for the GluN3B subunit of the NMDA receptor in all family members with a psychotic disorder, but not in the healthy relatives. Matsuno et al., also reported this null variant as a risk factor for schizophrenia in 2015. In a broader sample of 22 patients with psychosis, the allele frequency of the rs10666583 mutation variant was increased compared to those of healthy population samples and unaffected relatives. Compared to the 1000 Genomes Project population, we found a significant increase of this variant with a large effect size among patients. The amino acid shift degrades the S1/S2 glycine binding domain of the dominant modulatory GluN3B subunit of the NMDA receptor, which subsequently affects the permeability of the channel pore to calcium ions. A decreased glycine affinity for the GluN3B subunit might cause impaired functional capability of the NMDA receptor and could be an important risk factor for the pathogenesis of psychotic disorders.
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Pérez-Otaño I, Larsen RS, Wesseling JF. Emerging roles of GluN3-containing NMDA receptors in the CNS. Nat Rev Neurosci 2016; 17:623-35. [DOI: 10.1038/nrn.2016.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Zhang Y, Li P, Feng J, Wu M. Dysfunction of NMDA receptors in Alzheimer's disease. Neurol Sci 2016; 37:1039-47. [PMID: 26971324 PMCID: PMC4917574 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-016-2546-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) play a pivotal role in the synaptic transmission and synaptic plasticity thought to underlie learning and memory. NMDARs activation has been recently implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) related to synaptic dysfunction. Synaptic NMDARs are neuroprotective, whereas overactivation of NMDARs located outside of the synapse cause loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and cell death. NMDARs dysfunction in the glutamatergic tripartite synapse, comprising presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons and glial cells, is directly involved in AD. This review discusses that both beta-amyloid (Aβ) and tau perturb synaptic functioning of the tripartite synapse, including alterations in glutamate release, astrocytic uptake, and receptor signaling. Particular emphasis is given to the role of NMDARs as a possible convergence point for Aβ and tau toxicity and possible reversible stages of the AD through preventive and/or disease-modifying therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Peiyao Li
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Jianbo Feng
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Minghua Wu
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China.
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Kinoshita PF, Leite JA, Orellana AMM, Vasconcelos AR, Quintas LEM, Kawamoto EM, Scavone C. The Influence of Na(+), K(+)-ATPase on Glutamate Signaling in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Senescence. Front Physiol 2016; 7:195. [PMID: 27313535 PMCID: PMC4890531 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Decreased Na(+), K(+)-ATPase (NKA) activity causes energy deficiency, which is commonly observed in neurodegenerative diseases. The NKA is constituted of three subunits: α, β, and γ, with four distinct isoforms of the catalytic α subunit (α1-4). Genetic mutations in the ATP1A2 gene and ATP1A3 gene, encoding the α2 and α3 subunit isoforms, respectively can cause distinct neurological disorders, concurrent to impaired NKA activity. Within the central nervous system (CNS), the α2 isoform is expressed mostly in glial cells and the α3 isoform is neuron-specific. Mutations in ATP1A2 gene can result in familial hemiplegic migraine (FHM2), while mutations in the ATP1A3 gene can cause Rapid-onset dystonia-Parkinsonism (RDP) and alternating hemiplegia of childhood (AHC), as well as the cerebellar ataxia, areflexia, pescavus, optic atrophy and sensorineural hearing loss (CAPOS) syndrome. Data indicates that the central glutamatergic system is affected by mutations in the α2 isoform, however further investigations are required to establish a connection to mutations in the α3 isoform, especially given the diagnostic confusion and overlap with glutamate transporter disease. The age-related decline in brain α2∕3 activity may arise from changes in the cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) pathway. Glutamate, through nitric oxide synthase (NOS), cGMP and PKG, stimulates brain α2∕3 activity, with the glutamatergic N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor cascade able to drive an adaptive, neuroprotective response to inflammatory and challenging stimuli, including amyloid-β. Here we review the NKA, both as an ion pump as well as a receptor that interacts with NMDA, including the role of NKA subunits mutations. Failure of the NKA-associated adaptive response mechanisms may render neurons more susceptible to degeneration over the course of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula F. Kinoshita
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline A. Leite
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria M. Orellana
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrea R. Vasconcelos
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luis E. M. Quintas
- Laboratory of Biochemical and Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Elisa M. Kawamoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristoforo Scavone
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
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Ayala YA, Pérez-González D, Malmierca MS. Stimulus-specific adaptation in the inferior colliculus: The role of excitatory, inhibitory and modulatory inputs. Biol Psychol 2016; 116:10-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2015.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 06/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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11
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Chung WS, Welsh CA, Barres BA, Stevens B. Do glia drive synaptic and cognitive impairment in disease? Nat Neurosci 2015; 18:1539-1545. [PMID: 26505565 PMCID: PMC4739631 DOI: 10.1038/nn.4142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Synaptic dysfunction is a hallmark of many neurodegenerative and psychiatric brain disorders, yet we know little about the mechanisms that underlie synaptic vulnerability. Although neuroinflammation and reactive gliosis are prominent in virtually every CNS disease, glia are largely viewed as passive responders to neuronal damage rather than drivers of synaptic dysfunction. This perspective is changing with the growing realization that glia actively signal with neurons and influence synaptic development, transmission and plasticity through an array of secreted and contact-dependent signals. We propose that disruptions in neuron-glia signaling contribute to synaptic and cognitive impairment in disease. Illuminating the mechanisms by which glia influence synapse function may lead to the development of new therapies and biomarkers for synaptic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Suk Chung
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California 94305, USA
| | - Christina A Welsh
- Department of Neurology, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Ben A Barres
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California 94305, USA
| | - Beth Stevens
- Department of Neurology, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Yuan H, Low CM, Moody OA, Jenkins A, Traynelis SF. Ionotropic GABA and Glutamate Receptor Mutations and Human Neurologic Diseases. Mol Pharmacol 2015; 88:203-17. [PMID: 25904555 PMCID: PMC4468639 DOI: 10.1124/mol.115.097998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The advent of whole exome/genome sequencing and the technology-driven reduction in the cost of next-generation sequencing as well as the introduction of diagnostic-targeted sequencing chips have resulted in an unprecedented volume of data directly linking patient genomic variability to disorders of the brain. This information has the potential to transform our understanding of neurologic disorders by improving diagnoses, illuminating the molecular heterogeneity underlying diseases, and identifying new targets for therapeutic treatment. There is a strong history of mutations in GABA receptor genes being involved in neurologic diseases, particularly the epilepsies. In addition, a substantial number of variants and mutations have been found in GABA receptor genes in patients with autism, schizophrenia, and addiction, suggesting potential links between the GABA receptors and these conditions. A new and unexpected outcome from sequencing efforts has been the surprising number of mutations found in glutamate receptor subunits, with the GRIN2A gene encoding the GluN2A N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor subunit being most often affected. These mutations are associated with multiple neurologic conditions, for which seizure disorders comprise the largest group. The GluN2A subunit appears to be a locus for epilepsy, which holds important therapeutic implications. Virtually all α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor mutations, most of which occur within GRIA3, are from patients with intellectual disabilities, suggesting a link to this condition. Similarly, the most common phenotype for kainate receptor variants is intellectual disability. Herein, we summarize the current understanding of disease-associated mutations in ionotropic GABA and glutamate receptor families, and discuss implications regarding the identification of human mutations and treatment of neurologic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Yuan
- Departments of Pharmacology (H.Y., A.J., S.F.T.) and Anesthesiology (O.A.M., A.J.), Emory University School of Medicine, Rollins Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia; and Departments of Pharmacology and Anaesthesia, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, and Neurobiology/Ageing Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.)
| | - Chian-Ming Low
- Departments of Pharmacology (H.Y., A.J., S.F.T.) and Anesthesiology (O.A.M., A.J.), Emory University School of Medicine, Rollins Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia; and Departments of Pharmacology and Anaesthesia, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, and Neurobiology/Ageing Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.)
| | - Olivia A Moody
- Departments of Pharmacology (H.Y., A.J., S.F.T.) and Anesthesiology (O.A.M., A.J.), Emory University School of Medicine, Rollins Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia; and Departments of Pharmacology and Anaesthesia, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, and Neurobiology/Ageing Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.)
| | - Andrew Jenkins
- Departments of Pharmacology (H.Y., A.J., S.F.T.) and Anesthesiology (O.A.M., A.J.), Emory University School of Medicine, Rollins Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia; and Departments of Pharmacology and Anaesthesia, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, and Neurobiology/Ageing Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.)
| | - Stephen F Traynelis
- Departments of Pharmacology (H.Y., A.J., S.F.T.) and Anesthesiology (O.A.M., A.J.), Emory University School of Medicine, Rollins Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia; and Departments of Pharmacology and Anaesthesia, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, and Neurobiology/Ageing Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.)
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