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Zeng X, Sun YH, Gao F, Hua L, Xu S, Yuan Z. Concurrent behavioral modeling and multimodal neuroimaging reveals how feedback affects the performance of decision making in internet gaming disorder. Neuroimage 2024; 297:120726. [PMID: 38986794 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Internet gaming disorder (IGD) prompts inquiry into how feedback from prior gaming rounds influences subsequent risk-taking behavior and potential neural mechanisms. Forty-two participants, including 15 with IGD and 27 health controls (HCs), underwent a sequential risk-taking task. Hierarchy Bayesian modeling was adopted to measure risky propensity, behavioral consistence, and affection by emotion ratings from last trial. Concurrent electroencephalogram and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (EEG-fNIRS) recordings were performed to demonstrate when, where and how the previous-round feedback affects the decision making to the next round. We discovered that the IGD illustrated heightened risk-taking propensity as compared to the HCs, indicating by the computational modeling (p = 0.028). EEG results also showed significant time window differences in univariate and multivariate pattern analysis between the IGD and HCs after the loss of the game. Further, reduced brain activation in the prefrontal cortex during the task was detected in IGD as compared to that of the control group. The findings underscore the importance of understanding the aberrant decision-making processes in IGD and suggest potential implications for future interventions and treatments aimed at addressing this behavioral addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinglin Zeng
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China 999078; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China 999078
| | - Ying Hao Sun
- Faculty of Business Administration, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China 999078
| | - Fei Gao
- Institute of Modern Languages and Linguistics, Fudan University, Shanghai, China 200433
| | - Lin Hua
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China 999078; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China 999078
| | - Shiyang Xu
- Faculty of Education Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, China 030013
| | - Zhen Yuan
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China 999078; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China 999078.
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Tian MY, Zhou XY, Liao XY, Gong K, Cheng XT, Qin C, Liu KZ, Chen J, Lei W. Brain structural alterations in internet gaming disorder: Focus on the mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic system. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2023; 127:110806. [PMID: 37271367 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to identify gray/white matter volume (GMV/WMV) alterations in Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD), with a special focus on the subregions of the mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic system and their clinical association. RESULTS Compared with healthy controls, IGDs showed bigger GMV in the bilateral caudate and the left nucleus accumbens (NAc), and bigger WMV in the inferior parietal lobule. The comparison of regions of interest (ROI) confirmed increased GMV in the bilateral caudate (including the dorsal anterior, body, and tail) and the left core of NAc in IGD, but no significant WMV alterations in the mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic system. GMVs in the left lateral orbital gyrus of orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) were associated with craving for games, while GMVs in the left anterior insula, right NAc, right caudate, and right OFC were associated with self-control in IGD. CONCLUSIONS IGD was accompanied by changed GMV, but not WMV, in the mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic system. GMV in the mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic system may contribute to impaired self-control and craving in IGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yuan Tian
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Nuclear Industry 416 Hospital, the 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin-Yi Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Yuan Liao
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ke Gong
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Tong Cheng
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Cheng Qin
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ke-Zhi Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
| | - Wei Lei
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
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Zhu L, Zhu Y, Li S, Jiang Y, Mei X, Wang Y, Yang D, Zhao J, Mu L, Wang W. Association of internet gaming disorder with impulsivity: role of risk preferences. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:754. [PMID: 37845703 PMCID: PMC10580621 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05265-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Internet gaming disorder (IGD) is a formal mental disorder leading to personal and social impairment. Although it shares similar physical and psychosocial effects to substance use disorder, the psychological mechanisms underlying IGD remain unclear, although several researches have made significant contributions to its understanding. This study aims to elucidate the correlation between IGD, impulsive personality and risk preference of medical college students in China, from a questionnaire-based investigation. METHODS Based on the cluster random sampling method, a questionnaire survey was conducted among medical college students in Northern Anhui, China from September 3 to October 27, 2020. The questionnaires included the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale (IGD-20), Chinese revised of Barratt Impulsiveness Scale Version 11 (BIS-11), and risk appetite index (RPI). Perform independent sample t-tests, analysis of variance (ANOVA), correlation analysis, and moderating effect analysis using SPSS 23.0. P < 0. 05 is considered statistically significant. RESULTS 624 participants completed the survey, including 257 males (41.19%) and 367 females (58.81%). All participants were between 18 and 24 years. We found that in IGD and its six different dimensions and RPI, males scored significantly higher than females. Additionally, our finding revealed there is statistical significance in IGD and impulsiveness between gaming group with game time greater than or equal to 4 h and non-gaming group. The IGD and its six different dimensions, among which all except for mood modification are positively correlated with impulsiveness and RPI. Mediating effects indicate that RPI plays a partial mediating role between motor impulsiveness and IGD. CONCLUSION The findings shows that there is a certain relationship between impulsivity and RPI, as well as IGD and its dimensions. RPI may be a mediator between impulsivity and IGD, and men have higher IGD. The findings supported the compensatory hypothesis. These findings may contribute to further research and development of intervention and prevention measures for IGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhu
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233030, China
| | - Yuqiong Zhu
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233030, China
| | - Shuxuan Li
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233030, China
| | - Yulian Jiang
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233030, China
| | - Xian Mei
- School of Qian Xuesen College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710049, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233030, China
| | - Dengxian Yang
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233030, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233030, China
| | - Linlin Mu
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233030, China
| | - Wenjuan Wang
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233030, China.
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Moshel ML, Warburton WA, Batchelor J, Bennett JM, Ko KY. Neuropsychological Deficits in Disordered Screen Use Behaviours: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Neuropsychol Rev 2023:10.1007/s11065-023-09612-4. [PMID: 37695451 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-023-09612-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Over the last few decades, excessive and disordered screen use has become more prevalent, prompting investigations into its associated consequences. The extent to which disordered screen use behaviours impact neuropsychological functioning has been reportedly mixed and at times inconsistent. This review sought to synthesise the literature and estimate the magnitude of overall cognitive impairment across a wide range of disordered screen use behaviours. We also sought to determine the cognitive domains most impacted, and whether the observed impairments were moderated by the classification of screen-related behaviours (i.e., Internet or gaming) or the format of cognitive test administration (i.e., paper-and-pencil or computerised). A systematic search of databases (Embase, PsycINFO, MEDLINE) identified 43 cross-sectional articles that assessed neuropsychological performance in disordered screen use populations, 34 of which were included in the meta-analysis. A random-effects meta-analysis revealed significant small/medium (g = .38) cognitive deficits for individuals with disordered screen use behaviours relative to controls. The most affected cognitive domain with a significant medium effect size (g = .50) was attention and focus followed by a significant reduction in executive functioning (g = .31). The classification of disordered screen use behaviours into Internet or gaming categories or the format of cognitive testing did not moderate these deficits. Additionally, excluding disordered social media use in an exploratory analysis had little effect on the observed outcomes. This study highlights a number of methodological considerations that may have contributed to disparate findings and shows that disordered screen use can significantly impact cognitive performance. Recommendations for future research are also discussed. Data for this study can be found at https://osf.io/upeha/ .
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Affiliation(s)
- Michoel L Moshel
- School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Wayne A Warburton
- School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jennifer Batchelor
- School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Joanne M Bennett
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Katherine Y Ko
- School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
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Müller SM, Antons S, Wegmann E, Ioannidis K, King DL, Potenza MN, Chamberlain SR, Brand M. A systematic review and meta-analysis of risky decision-making in specific domains of problematic use of the internet: Evidence across different decision-making tasks. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 152:105271. [PMID: 37277009 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This systematic review summarizes empirical evidence on risky decision-making (objective risk and ambiguity) in specific domains of problematic use of the internet (PUI) focusing on online addictive behaviors. We conducted a pre-registered (PROSPERO: CRD42020188452) PubMed search for PUI domains: gaming, social-network use, online buying-shopping, online pornography use, and unspecified PUI. We used the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for quality assessment. Relevant studies were identified only for gaming (n = 19), social-network use (n = 8), unspecified PUI (n = 7), and online gambling (n = 1). The meta-analyses included 25 studies (2498 participants) comparing PUI and control groups regarding decision-making performance under objective risk and ambiguity. Across PUI domains, individuals with PUI compared to control participants showed more disadvantageous decision-making in measures of objective risk (g = -0.42 [-0.69, -0.16], p = .002) but not ambiguity (g = -0.22 [-0.47, -0.04], p = .096). PUI domain and gender were significant moderators. In the risk domain, effects were particularly present in gaming disorder, especially in exclusively male samples. Overall, the paucity of empirical studies in the considered area necessitates further research to identify probable gender- and disorder-specific cognitive relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke M Müller
- Department of General Psychology: Cognition and Center for Behavioral Addiction Research (CeBAR), University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany; Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Essen, Germany.
| | - Stephanie Antons
- Department of General Psychology: Cognition and Center for Behavioral Addiction Research (CeBAR), University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany; Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Essen, Germany
| | - Elisa Wegmann
- Department of General Psychology: Cognition and Center for Behavioral Addiction Research (CeBAR), University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Konstantinos Ioannidis
- Department of Psychiatry, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK; Southern Health NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Daniel L King
- College of Education, Psychology, & Social Work, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Marc N Potenza
- Departments of Psychiatry and Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, CT, USA; Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA; Departments of Neuroscience and the Wu Tsai Institute, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Samuel R Chamberlain
- Department of Psychiatry, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK; Southern Health NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Matthias Brand
- Department of General Psychology: Cognition and Center for Behavioral Addiction Research (CeBAR), University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany; Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Essen, Germany
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Park S, Ha J, Ahn W, Kim L. Measurement of craving among gamers with internet gaming disorder using repeated presentations of game videos: a resting-state electroencephalography study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:816. [PMID: 37143023 PMCID: PMC10158347 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15750-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Internet gaming disorder (IGD) is receiving increasing attention owing to its effects on daily living and psychological function. METHODS In this study, electroencephalography was used to compare neural activity triggered by repeated presentation of a stimulus in healthy controls (HCs) and those with IGD. A total of 42 adult men were categorized into two groups (IGD, n = 21) based on Y-IAT-K scores. Participants were required to watch repeated presentations of video games while wearing a head-mounted display, and the delta (D), theta (T), alpha (A), beta (B), and gamma (G) activities in the prefrontal (PF), central (C), and parieto-occipital (PO) regions were analyzed. RESULTS The IGD group exhibited higher absolute powers of DC, DPO, TC, TPO, BC, and BPO than HCs. Among the IGD classification models, a neural network achieves the highest average accuracy of 93% (5-fold cross validation) and 84% (test). CONCLUSIONS These findings may significantly contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the neurological features associated with IGD and provide potential neurological markers that can be used to distinguish between individuals with IGD and HCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangin Park
- Industry-Academy Cooperation Team, Hanyang University, 222, Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Jihyeon Ha
- Center for Bionics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5, Hwarang-ro 14-gil Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, South Korea
| | - Wonbin Ahn
- Applied AI Research Lab, LG AI Research, 128, Yeoui-daero, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul, 07796, South Korea
| | - Laehyun Kim
- Center for Bionics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5, Hwarang-ro 14-gil Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, South Korea.
- Department of HY-KIST Bio-convergence, Hanyang University, 222, Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, South Korea.
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Liao S, Wang Y, Zhou X, Zhao Q, Li X, Guo W, Ji X, Lv Q, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Deng W, Chen T, Li T, Qiu P. Prediction of suicidal ideation among Chinese college students based on radial basis function neural network. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1042218. [PMID: 36530695 PMCID: PMC9751327 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1042218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Suicide is one of the leading causes of death for college students. The predictors of suicidal ideation among college students are inconsistent and few studies have systematically investigated psychological symptoms of college students to predict suicide. Therefore, this study aims to develop a suicidal ideation prediction model and explore important predictors of suicidal ideation among college students in China. Methods We recruited 1,500 college students of Sichuan University and followed up for 4 years. Demographic information, behavioral and psychological information of the participants were collected using computer-based questionnaires. The Radial Basis Function Neural Network (RBFNN) method was used to develop three suicidal ideation risk prediction models and to identify important predictive factors for suicidal ideation among college students. Results The incidence of suicidal ideation among college students in the last 12 months ranged from 3.00 to 4.07%. The prediction accuracies of all the three models were over 91.7%. The area under curve scores were up to 0.96. Previous suicidal ideation and poor subjective sleep quality were the most robust predictors. Poor self-rated mental health has also been identified to be an important predictor. Paranoid symptom, internet addiction, poor self-rated physical health, poor self-rated overall health, emotional abuse, low average annual household income per person and heavy study pressure were potential predictors for suicidal ideation. Conclusions The study suggested that the RBFNN method was accurate in predicting suicidal ideation. And students who have ever had previous suicidal ideation and poor sleep quality should be paid consistent attention to.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyi Liao
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaonan Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qin Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- Department of Neurobiology and Affiliated Mental Health Center & Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wanjun Guo
- Department of Neurobiology and Affiliated Mental Health Center & Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoyi Ji
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiuyue Lv
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yunyang Zhang
- West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yamin Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology and Affiliated Mental Health Center & Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Deng
- Department of Neurobiology and Affiliated Mental Health Center & Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Neurobiology and Affiliated Mental Health Center & Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,Tao Li
| | - Peiyuan Qiu
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,*Correspondence: Peiyuan Qiu
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Hao QH, Peng W, Wang J, Tu Y, Li H, Zhu TM. The Correlation Between Internet Addiction and Interpersonal Relationship Among Teenagers and College Students Based on Pearson's Correlation Coefficient: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:818494. [PMID: 35356718 PMCID: PMC8960053 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.818494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Internet addiction (IA) has become a serious social issue, inducing troubles in interpersonal relationships, which may negatively impact the healthy development of teenagers and college students. Thus, the current research aimed to synthesize the available evidence to clarify the correlation between IA and troubles in interpersonal relationships. Method We searched eight electronic databases from inception to December 2020. Study quality was assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS), and Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). We analyzed the data by extracting the Pearson correlation coefficients of each study and converted it into Fisher's Z. Pooled r was conducted by Fisher's Z and standard error (SE). STATA (Version 15.0) software was used for data synthesis. Results A total of 10,173 studies were initially identified, and 26 studies (n = 14,638 participants) were retrieved for further analysis. The results indicated that there was a significant positive correlation between IA and interpersonal relationship troubles [0.36 (95% CI 0.35-0.38)]. In addition, there was a positive correlation between IA and different dimensions of interpersonal relationship reflected by troubles with interpersonal conversation, making friends, dealing with people, and heterosexual communication, with the result of [0.26 (95% CI 0.18-0.33)], [0.29 (95% CI 0.20-0.37)], [0.27 (95% CI 0.19-0.34)], [0.22 (0.15-0.30)], respectively. The Egger test suggested that there was no publication bias (P > 0.05). Conclusion IA is positively correlated with troubles in interpersonal relationships. This research will provide new ideas and direction for further intervention, clinical therapy, and policy-making regarding IA to some extent. Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier: CRD42020177294.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-hong Hao
- School of Rehabilitation and Health Preservation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Peng
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Wang
- School of Rehabilitation and Health Preservation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Tu
- School of Rehabilitation and Health Preservation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Li
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tian-min Zhu
- School of Rehabilitation and Health Preservation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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A dual-process perspective to explore decision making in internet gaming disorder: An ERP study of comparison with recreational game users. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2021.107104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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10
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Liu Z, Huang P, Gong Y, Wang Y, Wu Y, Wang C, Guo X. Altered neural responses to missed chance contribute to the risk-taking behaviour in individuals with Internet gaming disorder. Addict Biol 2022; 27:e13124. [PMID: 34894025 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Missed chance is a powerful factor in shaping risk-taking behaviour. The abnormal risk-taking behaviour is an obvious feature of individuals with Internet gaming disorder (IGD). However, the relationship between the neural responses to missed chance and risk-taking behaviour in IGD individuals remains unclear. In the current fMRI study, 28 IGD subjects (12 female, 23.04 ± 2.43 years old) and 26 healthy control (HC) subjects (13 female, 23.58 ± 2.67 years old) participated in fMRI scanning during performance of a sequential risk-taking task. The general linear model and the psycho-physiological interaction analyses were conducted to explore the difference in neural responses between the two groups. The results showed that IGD subjects reported more regret for the large missed chance and took more risk than HC subjects. Moreover, compared with HC subjects, IGD subjects exhibited greater activations in brain regions like ventral striatum (VS) and superior frontal gyrus (SFG), and stronger VS-thalamus functional connectivity for the large missed chance. Additionally, among IGD subjects, the SFG activation for the large missed chance was positively correlated with the risk-taking behaviour. Together, the results revealed the altered neural responses to missed chance contributed to the risk-taking behaviour in IGD individuals. The findings could help to clearly understand why IGD individuals continue playing online games despite the risks of widely known and could provide a new perspective for the intervention of IGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Liu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an China
| | - Pujiang Huang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an China
| | - Yue Gong
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an China
| | - Yifan Wang
- School of Psychology and Cognitive Science East China Normal University Shanghai China
| | - Yuyan Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, School of Physics and Materials Science East China Normal University Shanghai China
| | - Chenggong Wang
- School of Psychology and Cognitive Science East China Normal University Shanghai China
- College of Science and Technology Ningbo University Cixi China
| | - Xiuyan Guo
- School of Psychology and Cognitive Science East China Normal University Shanghai China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, School of Physics and Materials Science East China Normal University Shanghai China
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11
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Decision Making and Risk Propensity in Individuals with Tendencies towards Specific Internet-Use Disorders. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12020201. [PMID: 35203964 PMCID: PMC8870372 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12020201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The uncontrolled use of specific Internet applications is increasingly recognized as a mental health issue. Gaming disorder, which is one subtype of specific Internet-use disorders (sIUDs), has been included in the ICD-11 as disorder due to addictive behaviors. Addictive disorders are assumed to be accompanied by cognitive deficits as indicated by weaker performance in executive function and risky decision-making tasks. This study investigates risky decision-making in individuals with tendencies towards sIUDs including gaming, online buying-shopping, and social-networks-use disorders. A total of 293 individuals participated in the study. Based on specific screening instruments, the participants were assigned to a group with tendencies towards sIUD or a control group. Participants completed a risky decision-making task and questionnaires assessing risk-taking propensity, impulsivity, psychopathology, and perceived stress. The group with sIUD tendencies showed higher attentional impulsivity and higher levels of depression and anxiety compared to the control group. The groups did not differ in decision making and risk propensity. Decision making did not have significant effects on sIUD symptoms. Risk for developing sIUDs does not appear to be accompanied by altered general decision-making tendencies. Rather, psychological (pre-)load and attentional deficits appear to be relevant features in uncontrolled use of the Internet.
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Yao YW, Zhang JT, Fang XY, Liu L, Potenza MN. Reward-related decision-making deficits in internet gaming disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Addiction 2022; 117:19-32. [PMID: 33861888 DOI: 10.1111/add.15518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To estimate the aggregated effect sizes of reward-related decision-making deficits in internet gaming disorder (IGD) and to explore potential moderators on the variability of effect sizes across studies. DESIGN Review of peer-reviewed studies comparing reward-related decision-making performance between IGD and control participants identified via PubMed, Web of Science and ProQuest databases. Random-effects modeling was conducted using Hedge's g as the effect size (ES). The effects of decision-making situation, valence, sample type, testing environment, IGD severity and self-reported impulsivity on decision-making differences were examined by moderator analyses. SETTING No restrictions on location. PARTICIPANTS Twenty-four studies (20 independent samples) were included in the meta-analysis, resulting in 604 IGD and 641 control participants and 35 ESs. MEASURES Reward-related decision-making differences between IGD and control groups. FINDINGS The overall ES for decision-making deficits in IGD was small (g = -0.45, P < 0.01). The effects were comparable across risky, ambiguous and inter-temporal decision-making. Larger aggregate ESs were identified for pure-gain and mixed compared with pure-loss decision-making. Studies based on clinical and community samples showed similar effects. No significant difference between behavioral studies and those with extra measurements was observed. Decision-making alterations were not closely associated with IGD severity or self-reported impulsivity differences at the study level. CONCLUSIONS Internet gaming disorder appears to be consistently associated with reward-related decision-making deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Wei Yao
- Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Einstein Center for Neurosciences Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.,Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jin-Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.,Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Yi Fang
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Decision Neuroscience and Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Marc N Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA.,Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, CT, USA
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13
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Chi HM, Hsiao TC. Extended classifier system with continuous real-coded variables for feature extraction of instantaneous pulse-rate variability and respiration of individuals with gaming disorder. Biomed Eng Online 2021; 20:93. [PMID: 34556149 PMCID: PMC8461950 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-021-00930-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Individuals with gaming disorder (GD) exhibit autonomic nervous system responses that indicate dysfunctional emotion regulation. Pulse rate variability (PRV) is a valuable biomarker for investigating the autonomic function of patients with mental disorders. Because individuals with GD dynamically regulate emotions during gaming, the PRV response relating to GD is not well understood. To investigate the dynamic PRV responses of individuals with GD, this study proposed the indexes of instantaneous PRV (iPRV) and instantaneous respiratory frequency (IFresp) of arterial blood pressure signals using empirical mode decomposition and normalized direct-quadrature algorithms. iPRV consists of low-frequency (LF), high-frequency (HF), and very high-frequency (VHF) bands. Moreover, a novel method of extended classifier system with continuous real-coded variables (XCSR) was used to detect GD and extract GD-related iPRV features using iPRV and IFresp as input data. Results A total of 32 college students without depressive and anxiety symptoms or cardiovascular diseases were recruited in this study. Participants were grouped into the high-risk GD and low-risk GD using both Chen Internet Addiction Scale and Internet Gaming Disorder Questionnaire. Their arterial blood pressures signals were measured while they watched gameplay videos with negative or positive emotional stimuli. Seven participants with high-risk GD exhibited significantly increased normalized VHF (nVHF) PRV and IFresp readings and significantly decreased normalized LF (nLF) PRV readings and LF/HF PRV ratios (from baseline) during negative or positive gameplay videos stimuli. These participants also exhibited higher nVHF PRV and lower nLF PRV readings and LF/HF PRV ratios when they experienced negative gameplay video stimuli relative to 17 participants with low-risk GD. The classification accuracy of the XCSR reached 90% for both negative and positive video stimuli, and nVHF PRV was most frequently used to detect GD risk. Conclusions iPRV and IFresp can be used to detect GD and analyze the autonomic mechanism of individuals with GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Ming Chi
- Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tzu-Chien Hsiao
- Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC. .,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC.
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14
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Byrne KA, Six SG, Anaraky RG, Harris MW, Winterlind EL. Risk-taking unmasked: Using risky choice and temporal discounting to explain COVID-19 preventative behaviors. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251073. [PMID: 33983970 PMCID: PMC8118306 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
To reduce the spread of COVID-19 transmission, government agencies in the United States (US) recommended precautionary guidelines, including wearing masks and social distancing to encourage the prevention of the disease. However, compliance with these guidelines has been inconsistent. This correlational study examined whether individual differences in risky decision-making and motivational propensities predicted compliance with COVID-19 preventative behaviors in a sample of US adults (N = 404). Participants completed an online study from September through December 2020 that included a risky choice decision-making task, temporal discounting task, and measures of appropriate mask-wearing, social distancing, and perceived risk of engaging in public activities. Linear regression results indicated that greater temporal discounting and risky decision-making were associated with less appropriate mask-wearing behavior and social distancing. Additionally, demographic factors, including personal experience with COVID-19 and financial difficulties due to COVID-19, were also associated with differences in COVID-19 preventative behaviors. Path analysis results showed that risky decision-making behavior, temporal discounting, and risk perception collectively predicted 55% of the variance in appropriate mask-wearing behavior. Individual differences in general decision-making patterns are therefore highly predictive of who complies with COVID-19 prevention guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaileigh A. Byrne
- Department of Psychology, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Stephanie G. Six
- Department of Psychology, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Reza Ghaiumy Anaraky
- Department of Human-Centered Computing, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Maggie W. Harris
- Department of Psychology, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Emma L. Winterlind
- Department of Psychology, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America
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15
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Legault MCB, Liu HZ, Balodis IM. Neuropsychological Constructs in Gaming Disorders: a Systematic Review. Curr Behav Neurosci Rep 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40473-021-00230-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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16
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Chiang CLL, Zhang MWB, Ho RCM. Prevalence of Internet Gaming Disorder in Medical Students: A Meta-Analysis. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:760911. [PMID: 35140636 PMCID: PMC8818673 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.760911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the last decade, the technological advances have led to increased usage of the Internet. Internet-based games are now more readily available, and they are also more attractive and engageable for individuals. Previous studies have established university students as vulnerable population with regards to IGD. Despite the unique stressors and demands of the course, there is little information about the pooled prevalence of IGD in medical students. OBJECTIVES The current meta-analysis aims to establish the pooled prevalence of IGD among medical students in different countries, and factors affecting the pooled prevalence. METHODS A comprehensive search was conducted from 23 May 2021 to 30 May 2021. The following databases were searched: PubMed, PsychINFO, Cochrane CENTRAL, Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, Science Direct. The search terminologies included permutations of the keywords for IGD and medical students. All statistical analysis was performed with the Comprehensive Meta-analysis Version 3.0 program based on random-effects model. RESULTS Three hundred ninety-six articles were identified from the search of the databases. The final data set consisted of 6 studies with a pooled cohort size of 2,236 medical students. The pooled prevalence of IGD in each country is as follows: Egypt had the highest prevalence rate of 10.9% (95% CI: 7.3-16.1%), followed by Saudi Arabia (8.8, 95% CI: 5.7-13.2%), Indonesia (6.1, 95% CI: 0.7-37.5%) and India (3.8, 95% CI: 2.7-5.5%) (p < 0.005). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, this meta-analysis reports that the pooled prevalence of IGD among medical students from different countries is 6.2%, which is around twice as high than that of the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine L L Chiang
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Melvyn W B Zhang
- National Addictions Management Service (NAMS), Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Roger C M Ho
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Institute of Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), Singapore, Singapore
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17
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Raiha S, Yang G, Wang L, Dai W, Wu H, Meng G, Zhong B, Liu X. Altered Reward Processing System in Internet Gaming Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:599141. [PMID: 33343426 PMCID: PMC7746551 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.599141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Converging evidence indicates that addiction involves impairment in reward processing systems. However, the patterns of dysfunction in different stages of reward processing in internet gaming addiction remain unclear. In previous studies, individuals with internet gaming disorder were found to be impulsive and risk taking, but there is no general consensus on the relation between impulsivity and risk-taking tendencies in these individuals. The current study explored behavioral and electrophysiological responses associated with different stages of reward processing among individuals with internet gaming disorders (IGDs) with a delayed discounting task and simple gambling tasks. Compared to the healthy control (HC) group, the IGD group discounted delays more steeply and made more risky choices, irrespective of the outcome. As for the event-related potential (ERP) results, during the reward anticipation stage, IGDs had the same stimulus-preceding negativity (SPN) for both large and small choices, whereas HCs exhibited a higher SPN in large vs. small choices. During the outcome evaluation stage, IGDs exhibited a blunted feedback-related negativity for losses vs. gains. The results indicate impairment across different stages of reward processing among IGDs. Moreover, we found negative correlation between impulsivity indexed by BIS-11 and reward sensitivity indexed by SPN amplitude during anticipation stage only, indicating different neural mechanisms at different stages of reward processing. The current study helps to elucidate the behavioral and neural mechanisms of reward processing in internet gaming addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syeda Raiha
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guochun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lingxiao Wang
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weine Dai
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Beijing, China
- CFIN and Pet Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Haiyan Wu
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences and Department of Psychology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau
| | - Guangteng Meng
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bowei Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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18
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Abstract
Abstract
Purpose of Review
Gaming disorder (GD), meanwhile classified as a mental disorder in both DSM-5 and ICD-11, is a current public health issue. Theoretical models assume core psychological processes, such as cue reactivity, craving, reward processing, decision-making, cognitive biases, inhibitory control, and stress relief, to be crucially involved in the development and maintenance of GD. This review summarizes neuroscientific findings on these processes in the context of GD as well as treatments and intervention programs addressing these processes.
Recent Findings
We identified overlaps regarding the involvement of neural structures and networks related to psychological processes which may be targeted by public health programs. Complex interactions between executive control, salience, reward, and habit networks are crucially linked to processes involved in GD and public health programs respectively.
Summary
We point at the difficulties of making one to one assignments of neural networks to psychological processes or interventions. Furthermore, new treatment and prevention programs of GD are discussed pointing at possible future directions for neuroscientific research and treatment programs for GD.
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Shen Y, Meng F, Xu H, Li X, Zhang Y, Huang C, Luo X, Zhang XY. Internet addiction among college students in a Chinese population: Prevalence, correlates, and its relationship with suicide attempts. Depress Anxiety 2020; 37:812-821. [PMID: 32400075 DOI: 10.1002/da.23036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Internet addiction is common, but its relationship with suicide attempts is rarely reported among Chinese college students. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and correlates of internet addiction among Chinese college students. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among 8,098 college students in Hunan province, China. We collected the following data: demographic variables, suicidal behaviors, internet addiction (Revised Chinese Internet Addiction Scale), depression (Self-reporting Depression Scale), and anxiety (Self-Rating Anxiety Scale). RESULTS The prevalence of internet addiction was 7.7% in these Chinese college students. Logistic regression analysis showed that good relationship with mother (1.730 [1.075, 2.784]), good relationship with father (0.615 [0.427, 0.885]), family history of mental disorders (2.291 [1.122, 4.676]), anxiety (1.987 [1.382, 2.857]), depression (2.016 [1.384, 2.937]), suicidal ideation (2.266 [1.844, 2.784]), and suicide attempts (1.672 [1.258, 2.224]) were independent correlates for internet addiction, the adjusted R square for this model is 13.7%. Furthermore, the prevalence of suicide attempts among internet addiction participants was 21.4%, and anxiety (3.397 [1.058, 10.901]), suicidal ideation (26.984 [11.538, 63.112]), and suicide plans (8.237 [3.888, 17.451]) were the independent predictors for suicide attempts, the adjusted R square for this model is 51.6%. CONCLUSION Our results show that internet addiction is common among Chinese college students. In addition, suicide attempts are very common among internet addicts, suggesting that special measures and attention should be provided to these students according to risk factors to prevent their suicidal behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Shen
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Mental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fanchao Meng
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Mental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Huiming Xu
- Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Zhangjiakou Civil Affairs Psychiatric Hospital, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, China
| | - Yaru Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Mental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chunxiang Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Mental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xuerong Luo
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Mental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiang Yang Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UT Houston Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
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20
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A role for the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in enhancing regulation of both craving and negative emotions in internet gaming disorder: A randomized trial. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2020; 36:29-37. [PMID: 32446706 PMCID: PMC8292795 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2020.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Reward-seeking and relief from negative emotions are two central motivational drives underlying addictions. Impaired executive control over craving and negative emotions contributes to compulsive addictive behaviors. Neuroimaging evidence has implicated the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in regulating craving or emotions. This study aims at examining whether anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over a specific region of the PFC would enhance both regulation processes. Thirty-three men with internet gaming disorder received active (1.5 mA for 20 minutes) and sham tDCS over the right dorsolateral PFC (dlPFC) one week apart in a randomized order. During each stimulation session, participants regulated craving for gaming during a regulation of craving (ROC) task and negative emotions during an emotion regulation (ER) task using cognitive reappraisal. Subjective ratings of craving and negative emotions and skin conductance responses (SCRs) were recorded. For both craving and negative emotions, tDCS of the right dlPFC facilitated downregulation and upregulation: active relative to sham tDCS decreased ratings (ROC: 95% CI of difference -1.38 to -0.56, p < 0.001; ER: -1.65 to -0.70, p < 0.001) and/or SCRs (ROC: -1.99 to -0.41 μs, p = 0.004) for downregulation, and increased ratings (ROC: 0.24 to 0.82, p = 0.001; ER: 0.26 to 0.72, p < 0.001) for upregulation. These findings provide the first experimental evidence confirming that tDCS of the right dlPFC enhances both craving- and negative-emotion-regulation. This suggests a promising approach for concurrently enhancing executive control over two central motivational drives underlying addictions.
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21
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Chahine M, Salameh P, Haddad C, Sacre H, Soufia M, Akel M, Obeid S, Hallit R, Hallit S. Suicidal ideation among Lebanese adolescents: scale validation, prevalence and correlates. BMC Psychiatry 2020; 20:304. [PMID: 32539735 PMCID: PMC7296775 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-02726-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In addition to the unstable political situation, Lebanon had experienced a cycle of wars, local armed conflicts, terrorist attacks, and crises (lack of clean water, recurrent power failure, and waste mismanagement, in addition to the growing number of unemployed people, as the number of Syrian refugees has dramatically increased, and led to competition for jobs with locals. All these factors make the Lebanese population prone to mental disorders, particularly suicide, without clear management policies. This study aims to validate the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (CSSRS), and determine the prevalence of suicidal ideation and associated factors among a Lebanese nationally representative sample of adolescents from 9th to 12th grades. METHODS Participants were 1810 adolescents who enrolled in this cross-sectional study (January-May 2019), using a proportionate random sample of schools from all Lebanese Mohafazat. The Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale was used to screen for suicidal ideation. RESULTS The results showed that 28.9% had some type of suicidal ideation [95% CI 26.7-31.1%]. The CSSRS items converged on a one-factor solution, accounting for a total of 85.40% of the variance (αCronbach = 0.966). Higher psychological abuse (Beta = 0.041), child physical abuse (Beta = 0.030), alcohol dependence (Beta = 0.062), social fear (Beta = 0.028), victimization/bullying score (Beta = 0.028), impulsivity (Beta = 0.028) and internet addiction (Beta = 0.010) scores were significantly associated with higher suicidal ideation. Same applies to adolescents whose parents are separated compared to living together (Beta = 0.992) and in females compared to males (0.311). On another hand, a higher age (Beta = - 0.182) was significantly associated with lower suicidal ideation. CONCLUSION This study provides insights about suicidal ideation among Lebanese adolescents and related risk factors, such as child psychological and physical abuse, alcohol use disorders, social fear, bullying and victimization, impulsivity, and internet addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Chahine
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Pascale Salameh
- INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, Épidémiologie Clinique et Toxicologie, Beirut, Lebanon
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadat, Lebanon
- Faculty of Medicine, Lebanese University, Hadat, Lebanon
| | - Chadia Haddad
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon
- Université de Limoges, UMR 1094, Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale, Institut d'Epidémiologie et de Neurologie Tropicale, GEIST, 87000, Limoges, France
| | - Hala Sacre
- INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, Épidémiologie Clinique et Toxicologie, Beirut, Lebanon
- Drug Information Center, Order of Pharmacists of Lebanon, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Michel Soufia
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon
- Faculty of Medicine, Lebanese University, Hadat, Lebanon
| | - Marwan Akel
- INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, Épidémiologie Clinique et Toxicologie, Beirut, Lebanon
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sahar Obeid
- INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, Épidémiologie Clinique et Toxicologie, Beirut, Lebanon
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Rabih Hallit
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Souheil Hallit
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon.
- INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, Épidémiologie Clinique et Toxicologie, Beirut, Lebanon.
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Ko CH, Wang PW, Liu TL, Chen CS, Yen CF, Yen JY. The adaptive decision-making, risky decision, and decision-making style of Internet gaming disorder. Eur Psychiatry 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractBackground:Persistent gaming, despite acknowledgment of its negative consequences, is a major criterion for individuals with Internet gaming disorder (IGD). This study evaluated the adaptive decision-making, risky decision, and decision-making style of individuals with IGD.Methods:We recruited 87 individuals with IGD and 87 without IGD (matched controls). All participants underwent an interview based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th Edition) diagnostic criteria for IGD and completed an adaptive decision-making task; the Preference for Intuition and Deliberation Scale, Chen Internet Addiction Scale, and Barratt Impulsivity Scale were also assessed on the basis of the information from the diagnostic interviews.Results:The results demonstrated that the participants in both groups tend to make more risky choices in advantage trials where their expected value (EV) was more favorable than those of the riskless choice. The tendency to make a risky choice in advantage trials was stronger among IGD group than that among controls. Participants of both groups made more risky choices in the loss domain, a risky option to loss more versus sure loss option, than they did in the gain domain, a risky option to gain more versus sure gain. Furthermore, the participants with IGD made more risky choices in the gain domain than did the controls. Participants with IGD showed higher and lower preferences for intuitive and deliberative decision-making styles, respectively, than controls and their preferences for intuition and deliberation were positively and negatively associated with IGD severity, respectively.Conclusions:These results suggested that individuals with IGD have elevated EV sensitivity for decision-making. However, they demonstrated risky preferences in the gain domain and preferred an intuitive rather than deliberative decision-making style. This might explain why they continue Internet gaming despite negative consequences. Thus, therapists should focus more on decision-making styles and promote deliberative thinking processes to mitigate the long-term negative consequences of IGD.
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Shin D, Choi AR, Lee J, Chung SJ, Kim B, Park M, Jung MH, Kim DJ, Choi JS. The Mediating Effects of Affect on Associations between Impulsivity or Resilience and Internet Gaming Disorder. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8081102. [PMID: 31349640 PMCID: PMC6723401 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8081102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Internet gaming disorder (IGD) is a new disease proposed by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fifth Edition (DSM-5), and has been studied extensively in relation to depression and impulsivity. The relationship between resilience and disease has been found in a variety of addictive disorders, but studies on IGD are lacking. In this study, 71 IGD patients and 78 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited. Impulsivity, resilience, affects, and the degree of internet game addiction were measured using formal tools. The measured values were analyzed by mediation analysis to evaluate the mediating role of affects on resilience and impulsivity related to IGD symptoms. The IGD group showed higher impulsivity, lower resilience, lower positive affect, and higher negative affect than the HC group. The mediation analysis showed that a positive affect was a mediator between impulsivity and the severity of addiction in both groups. Negative affect mediated impulsivity/resilience and the severity of addiction only in the IGD group. Although the results of this study are based on a narrow category of subjects, who are young male adults around 25 years of age, the results suggest that positive affect can be strengthened to prevent the IGD illness, and that illness symptoms may be alleviated by reducing negative affect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daun Shin
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - A Ruem Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul 07061, Korea
| | - Jiyoon Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul 07061, Korea
| | - Sun Ju Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul 07061, Korea
| | - Bomi Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul 07061, Korea
| | - Minkyung Park
- Department of Psychiatry, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul 07061, Korea
| | - Myung Hun Jung
- Department of Psychiatry, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang 14068, Korea
| | - Dai Jin Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Jung-Seok Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul 07061, Korea.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.
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Gaming Disorder Is a Disorder due to Addictive Behaviors: Evidence from Behavioral and Neuroscientific Studies Addressing Cue Reactivity and Craving, Executive Functions, and Decision-Making. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40429-019-00258-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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25
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Smart Healthcare Systems and Precision Medicine. Front Psychiatry 2019; 1192:263-279. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-32-9721-0_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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26
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Do individuals with problematic and non-problematic internet game use differ in cooperative behaviors with partners of different social distances? Evidence from the Prisoner's Dilemma and Chicken Game. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2018.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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27
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Pan PY, Yeh CB. Internet Addiction among Adolescents May Predict Self-Harm/Suicidal Behavior: A Prospective Study. J Pediatr 2018; 197:262-267. [PMID: 29550226 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the role of Internet addiction in the development of self-harm/suicidal behavior among adolescents after 1-year of follow-up. STUDY DESIGN We conducted this 1-year, prospective cohort study of 1861 adolescents (mean age 15.93 years) attending a senior high school in Taiwan; 1735 respondents (93.2%) were classified as having no history of self-harm/suicidal attempts in the initial assessment and were referred to as the "noncase" cohort. The Chen Internet Addiction Scale was used to identify individuals with Internet addiction. The participants were evaluated for self-harm/suicidal behavior again 1 year later and the "noncase" cohort was selected for statistical analysis. To examine the relationship between Internet addiction and self-harm/suicidal behavior, multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed using Internet addiction at baseline as the predictor for newly developed self-harm/suicidal behavior in the next year, after adjustment for potential confounding variables. RESULTS The prevalence rate of Internet addiction at baseline was 23.0%. There were 59 students (3.9%) who were identified as having developed new self-harm/suicidal behaviors on follow-up assessments. After controlling for the effects of potential confounders, the relative risk of newly emerging self-harm/suicidal behavior for participants who were classified as Internet addicted was 2.41 (95% CI 1.16-4.99, P = .018) when compared with those without Internet addiction. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that Internet addiction is prospectively associated with the incidence of self-harm/suicidal behavior in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yin Pan
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Bin Yeh
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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Yip SW, Gross JJ, Chawla M, Ma SS, Shi XH, Liu L, Yao YW, Zhu L, Worhunsky PD, Zhang J. Is Neural Processing of Negative Stimuli Altered in Addiction Independent of Drug Effects? Findings From Drug-Naïve Youth with Internet Gaming Disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology 2018; 43:1364-1372. [PMID: 29154365 PMCID: PMC5916358 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2017.283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Difficulties in emotion regulation are commonly reported among individuals with alcohol and drug addictions and contribute to the acquisition and maintenance of addictive behaviors. Alterations in neural processing of negative affective stimuli have further been demonstrated among individuals with addictions. However, it is unclear whether these alterations are a general feature of addictions or are a result of prolonged exposure to drugs of abuse. To test the hypothesis of altered negative affect processing independent of drug effects, this study assessed neural function among drug-naïve youth with a behavioral addiction-Internet gaming disorder (IGD). Fifty-six young adults (28 with IGD, 28 matched controls) participated in fMRI scanning during performance of a well-validated emotion regulation task. Between-group differences in neural activity during task performance were assessed using a whole-brain, mixed-effects ANOVA with correction for multiple comparisons at currently recommended thresholds (voxel-level p<0.001, pFWE<0.05). Compared to controls, youth with IGD exhibited significantly blunted neural responses within distributed subcortical and cortical regions including the striatum, insula, lateral prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate in response to negative affective cues, as well as during emotion regulation. Independent component analysis (ICA) further identified between-group differences in engagement of a fronto-cingulo-parietal network, involving decreased engagement in IGD youth relative to controls. Study findings are largely consistent with those from prior neuroimaging studies in substance-use disorders, thus raising the possibility that neural processing of negative affect may be blunted across drug and behavioral addictions independent of acute or chronic drug effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah W Yip
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - James J Gross
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Megha Chawla
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Shan-Shan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xing-Hui Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan-Wei Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Jintao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China,Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China,State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, No. 19 XieJieKouWai Street, Haidian Strict, Beijing 100875, China, Tel: +861058800728, Fax: +8615010233046, E-mail:
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Schiebener J, Brand M. Decision-making and Related Processes in Internet Gaming Disorder and Other Types of Internet-Use Disorders. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40429-017-0156-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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30
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The experimental analysis of problematic video gaming and cognitive skills: A systematic review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcc.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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31
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Liu L, Yip SW, Zhang JT, Wang LJ, Shen ZJ, Liu B, Ma SS, Yao YW, Fang XY. Activation of the ventral and dorsal striatum during cue reactivity in Internet gaming disorder. Addict Biol 2017; 22:791-801. [PMID: 26732520 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Studies conducted in drug addiction suggest a transition in processing of drug-related cues from the ventral to the dorsal component of the striatum. However, this process has not been studied in a behavioral addiction. Assessment of this process in a non-drug addiction can provide insight into the pathophysiology of both substance and behavioral addictions. Thirty-nine male Internet gaming disorder (IGD) subjects and 23 male matched healthy controls (HCs) participated in functional magnetic resonance imaging during performance of a cue-reactivity task involving alternating presentation of Internet gaming-related stimuli (game cues) and general Internet surfing-related stimuli (control cues). Cue-induced neural activations in the ventral and dorsal striatum (DS) were compared between IGD and HC participants. Associations between cue-reactivity within these regions and cue-induced craving and severity and duration of IGD were also explored. IGD participants exhibited higher cue-induced activations within both the ventral and DS when compared with HCs. Within the IGD group, activity within the left ventral striatum (VS) was correlated negatively with cue-induced craving; positive associations were found between activations within the DS (right putamen, pallidum and left caudate) and duration of IGD. Cue-induced activity within the left putamen was negatively associated with right VS volumes among IGD participants. Consistent with studies in substance addictions, our results suggest that a transition from ventral to dorsal striatal processing may occur among individuals with IGD, a condition without the impact of substance intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- Institute of Developmental Psychology; Beijing Normal University; Beijing 100875 China
| | - Sarah W. Yip
- Department of Psychiatry; Yale University School of Medicine; New Haven CT 06519 USA
- CASA Columbia; Yale University School of Medicine; New Haven CT 06519 USA
| | - Jin-Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research; Beijing Normal University; Beijing 100875 China
- Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences; Beijing Normal University; Beijing 100875 China
| | - Ling-Jiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research; Beijing Normal University; Beijing 100875 China
| | - Zi-Jiao Shen
- Institute of Developmental Psychology; Beijing Normal University; Beijing 100875 China
| | - Ben Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research; Beijing Normal University; Beijing 100875 China
| | - Shan-Shan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research; Beijing Normal University; Beijing 100875 China
| | - Yuan-Wei Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research; Beijing Normal University; Beijing 100875 China
| | - Xiao-Yi Fang
- Institute of Developmental Psychology; Beijing Normal University; Beijing 100875 China
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Liu L, Xue G, Potenza MN, Zhang JT, Yao YW, Xia CC, Lan J, Ma SS, Fang XY. Dissociable neural processes during risky decision-making in individuals with Internet-gaming disorder. Neuroimage Clin 2017; 14:741-749. [PMID: 28413776 PMCID: PMC5385591 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2017.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Risk-taking is purported to be central to addictive behaviors. However, for Internet gaming disorder (IGD), a condition conceptualized as a behavioral addiction, the neural processes underlying impaired decision-making (risk evaluation and outcome processing) related to gains and losses have not been systematically investigated. Forty-one males with IGD and 27 healthy comparison (HC) male participants were recruited, and the cups task was used to identify neural processes associated with gain- and loss-related risk- and outcome-processing in IGD. During risk evaluation, the IGD group, compared to the HC participants, showed weaker modulation for experienced risk within the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) (t = - 4.07; t = - 3.94; PFWE < 0.05) and inferior parietal lobule (IPL) (t = - 4.08; t = - 4.08; PFWE < 0.05) for potential losses. The modulation of the left DLPFC and bilateral IPL activation were negatively related to addiction severity within the IGD group (r = - 0.55; r = - 0.61; r = - 0.51; PFWE < 0.05). During outcome processing, the IGD group presented greater responses for the experienced reward within the ventral striatum, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) (t = 5.04, PFWE < 0.05) for potential gains, as compared to HC participants. Within the IGD group, the increased reward-related activity in the right OFC was positively associated with severity of IGD (r = 0.51, PFWE < 0.05). These results provide a neurobiological foundation for decision-making deficits in individuals with IGD and suggest an imbalance between hypersensitivity for reward and weaker risk experience and self-control for loss. The findings suggest a biological mechanism for why individuals with IGD may persist in game-seeking behavior despite negative consequences, and treatment development strategies may focus on targeting these neural pathways in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Gui Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Marc N. Potenza
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, the Child Study Center, the National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
- Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Jin-Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yuan-Wei Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Cui-Cui Xia
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Students Counseling Center, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jing Lan
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Shan-Shan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xiao-Yi Fang
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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Yao YW, Chen PR, Li CSR, Hare TA, Li S, Zhang JT, Liu L, Ma SS, Fang XY. Combined reality therapy and mindfulness meditation decrease intertemporal decisional impulsivity in young adults with Internet gaming disorder. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2016.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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34
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Paik SH, Choi MR, Kwak SM, Bang SH, Chun JW, Kim JY, Choi J, Cho H, Jeong JE, Kim DJ. An association study of Taq1A ANKK1 and C957T and - 141C DRD2 polymorphisms in adults with internet gaming disorder: a pilot study. Ann Gen Psychiatry 2017; 16:45. [PMID: 29234453 PMCID: PMC5721653 DOI: 10.1186/s12991-017-0168-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Though Internet gaming disorder (IGD) is considered to share similar genetic vulnerability with substance addictions, little has been explored about the role of the genetic variants on IGD. This pilot study was designed to investigate the association of the Taq1A polymorphism of the ankyrin repeat and kinase domain containing 1 (ANKK1) gene and C957T and - 141C of the dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) with IGD and their role on the personality and temperament traits in IGD among adult population. METHODS Sixty-three subjects with IGD and 87 control subjects who regularly played Internet games were recruited. Self-administered questionnaires on self-control, dysfunctional impulsivity, and temperament and character domains were done. The Taq1A ANKK1 and the C957T and - 141C ins/del from the DRD2 genes were genotyped using the specific TaqMan PCR assay. RESULTS The distributions of allele and genotype frequencies were not significantly different between the IGD and control groups in both genders. In male, excessive gaming and use of gaming to escape from a negative feeling were associated with the del- genotype of the - 141C. Among IGD, the del+ genotype was associated with higher novelty seeking. Logistic regression showed no predictive value of these polymorphisms for IGD when using age and gender as covariates. CONCLUSIONS Though no direct association of the Taq1A ANKK1 and C957T DRD2 variants with IGD were observed, the - 141C polymorphism may play a role in IGD via mediating symptoms or temperament traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Hyun Paik
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591 South Korea
| | - Mi Ran Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591 South Korea
| | - Su Min Kwak
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591 South Korea
| | - Sol Hee Bang
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591 South Korea
| | - Ji-Won Chun
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591 South Korea
| | - Jin-Young Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591 South Korea
| | - Jihye Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591 South Korea
| | - Hyun Cho
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591 South Korea
| | - Jo-Eun Jeong
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591 South Korea
| | - Dai-Jin Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591 South Korea
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Effects of outcome on the covariance between risk level and brain activity in adolescents with internet gaming disorder. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2016; 12:845-851. [PMID: 27857886 PMCID: PMC5103101 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2016.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Revised: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with internet gaming disorder (IGD) often have impaired risky decision-making abilities, and IGD-related functional changes have been observed during neuroimaging studies of decision-making tasks. However, it is still unclear how feedback (outcomes of decision-making) affects the subsequent risky decision-making in individuals with IGD. In this study, twenty-four adolescents with IGD and 24 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited and underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while performing the balloon analog risk task (BART) to evaluate the effects of prior outcomes on brain activity during subsequent risky decision-making in adolescents with IGD. The covariance between risk level and activation of the bilateral ventral medial prefrontal cortex, left inferior frontal cortex, right ventral striatum (VS), left hippocampus/parahippocampus, right inferior occipital gyrus/fusiform gyrus and right inferior temporal gyrus demonstrated interaction effects of group by outcome (P < 0.05, AlphaSim correction). The regions with interactive effects were defined as ROI, and ROI-based intergroup comparisons showed that the covariance between risk level and brain activation was significantly greater in adolescents with IGD compared with HCs after a negative outcome occurred (P < 0.05). Our results indicated that negative outcomes affected the covariance between risk level and activation of the brain regions related to value estimation (prefrontal cortex), anticipation of rewards (VS), and emotional-related learning (hippocampus/parahippocampus), which may be one of the underlying neural mechanisms of disadvantageous risky decision-making in adolescents with IGD. Evaluating effects of outcome on subsequent risk decision making in IGDs Negative feedback affects risk decision making related brain activity in IGDs. Altered response to negative feedback contributes to adverse decision making in IGDs.
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36
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Altered resting-state neural activity and changes following a craving behavioral intervention for Internet gaming disorder. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28109. [PMID: 27381822 PMCID: PMC4933876 DOI: 10.1038/srep28109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Internet gaming disorder (IGD) has become a serious mental health issue worldwide. Evaluating the benefits of interventions for IGD is of great significance. Thirty-six young adults with IGD and 19 healthy comparison (HC) subjects were recruited and underwent resting-state fMRI scanning. Twenty IGD subjects participated in a group craving behavioral intervention (CBI) and were scanned before and after the intervention. The remaining 16 IGD subjects did not receive an intervention. The results showed that IGD subjects showed decreased amplitude of low fluctuation in the orbital frontal cortex and posterior cingulate cortex, and exhibited increased resting-state functional connectivity between the posterior cingulate cortex and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, compared with HC subjects. Compared with IGD subjects who did not receive the intervention, those receiving CBI demonstrated significantly reduced resting-state functional connectivity between the: (1) orbital frontal cortex with hippocampus/parahippocampal gyrus; and, (2) posterior cingulate cortex with supplementary motor area, precentral gyrus, and postcentral gyrus. These findings suggest that IGD is associated with abnormal resting-state neural activity in reward-related, default mode and executive control networks. Thus, the CBI may exert effects by reducing interactions between regions within a reward-related network, and across the default mode and executive control networks.
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Qi X, Du X, Yang Y, Du G, Gao P, Zhang Y, Qin W, Li X, Zhang Q. Decreased modulation by the risk level on the brain activation during decision making in adolescents with internet gaming disorder. Front Behav Neurosci 2015; 9:296. [PMID: 26578922 PMCID: PMC4630310 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Greater impulse and risk-taking and reduced decision-making ability were reported as the main behavioral impairments in individuals with internet gaming disorder (IGD), which has become a serious mental health issue worldwide. However, it is not clear to date how the risk level modulates brain activity during the decision-making process in IGD individuals. In this study, 23 adolescents with IGD and 24 healthy controls (HCs) without IGD were recruited, and the balloon analog risk task (BART) was used in a functional magnetic resonance imaging experiment to evaluate the modulation of the risk level (the probability of balloon explosion) on brain activity during risky decision making in IGD adolescents. Reduced modulation of the risk level on the activation of the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) during the active BART was found in IGD group compared to the HCs. In the IGD group, there was a significant negative correlation between the risk-related DLPFC activation during the active BART and the Barratt impulsivity scale (BIS-11) scores, which were significantly higher in IGD group compared with the HCs. Our study demonstrated that, as a critical decision-making-related brain region, the right DLPFC is less sensitive to risk in IGD adolescents compared with the HCs, which may contribute to the higher impulsivity level in IGD adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Qi
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Du
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Tianjin, China
| | - Yongxin Yang
- Department of Psychology, Linyi Fourth People's Hospital Linyi, China
| | - Guijin Du
- Department of Radiology, Linyi People's Hospital Linyi, China
| | - Peihong Gao
- Department of Radiology, Linyi People's Hospital Linyi, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Tianjin, China
| | - Wen Qin
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Department of Radiology, Linyi People's Hospital Linyi, China
| | - Quan Zhang
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Tianjin, China
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Yao YW, Wang LJ, Yip SW, Chen PR, Li S, Xu J, Zhang JT, Deng LY, Liu QX, Fang XY. Impaired decision-making under risk is associated with gaming-specific inhibition deficits among college students with Internet gaming disorder. Psychiatry Res 2015; 229:302-9. [PMID: 26168928 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence indicates that both inhibition and decision-making deficits play essential roles in the development and maintenance of Internet gaming disorder (IGD). Clarifying whether impaired decision-making among individuals with IGD is related to poor inhibition will advance our understanding of IGD and contribute to intervention development. However, the relationship between these two functions remains unclear. In this study, we sought to systemically examine inhibitory processes, decision-making and the relationship between the two among individuals with IGD. Thirty-four individuals with IGD and 32 matched healthy controls (HCs) were recruited. In comparison to HCs, IGD subjects demonstrated inhibition deficits during performance of the gaming-related Go/No-Go task and impaired decision-making under risk. In addition, errors on No-Go trials during the gaming-related Go/No-Go task were positively associated with decision-making impairments under risk but not under ambiguity among IGD subjects. These results suggest individuals with IGD are impaired in some aspects of inhibition and decision-making functions, and that decision-making deficits under risk are linked to poor inhibition specifically related to gaming cues, which has implications for the development of novel intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Wei Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Ling-Jiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Sarah W Yip
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Pin-Ru Chen
- School of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Song Li
- School of Mathematical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiansong Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jin-Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
| | - Lin-Yuan Deng
- Faculty of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Qin-Xue Liu
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Yi Fang
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
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Abstract
Throughout our evolutionary history, our cognitive systems have been altered by the advent of technological inventions such as primitive tools, spoken language, writing, and arithmetic systems. Thirty years ago, the Internet surfaced as the latest technological invention poised to deeply reshape human cognition. With its multifaceted affordances, the Internet environment has profoundly transformed our thoughts and behaviors. Growing up with Internet technologies, "Digital Natives" gravitate toward "shallow" information processing behaviors characterized by rapid attention shifting and reduced deliberations. They engage in increased multitasking behaviors that are linked to increased distractibility and poor executive control abilities. Digital natives also exhibit higher prevalence of Internet-related addictive behaviors that reflect altered reward-processing and self-control mechanisms. Recent neuroimaging investigations have suggested associations between these Internet-related cognitive impacts and structural changes in the brain. Against mounting apprehension over the Internet's consequences on our cognitive systems, several researchers have lamented that these concerns were often exaggerated beyond existing scientific evidence. In the present review, we aim to provide an objective overview of the Internet's impacts on our cognitive systems. We critically discuss current empirical evidence about how the Internet environment has altered the cognitive behaviors and structures involved in information processing, executive control, and reward-processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kep Kee Loh
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U846, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, Bron, France
| | - Ryota Kanai
- University of Sussex, School of Psychology, Sackler Centre for Consciousness Science, Brighton, UK
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