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Geisler M, Buerki S, Serpe MD. Arbuscular Mycorrhizae Alter Photosynthetic Responses to Drought in Seedlings of Artemisia tridentata. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2990. [PMID: 37631200 PMCID: PMC10458374 DOI: 10.3390/plants12162990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The establishment of Artemisia tridentata, a keystone species of the sagebrush steppe, is often limited by summer drought. Symbioses with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can help plants to cope with drought. We investigated this possible effect on A. tridentata seedlings inoculated with native AMF and exposed to drought in greenhouse and field settings. In greenhouse experiments, AMF colonization increased intrinsic water use efficiency under water stress and delayed the decrease in photosynthesis caused by drought, or this decrease occurred at a lower soil water content. In the field, we evaluated the effect of AMF inoculation on colonization, leaf water potential, survival, and inflorescence development. Inoculation increased AMF colonization, and the seedlings experienced water stress, as evidenced by water potentials between -2 and -4 MPa and reduced stomatal conductance. However, survival remained high, and no differences in water potentials or survival occurred between treatments. Only the percentage of plants with inflorescence was higher in inoculated than non-inoculated seedlings. Overall, the greenhouse results support that AMF colonization enhances drought tolerance in A. tridentata seedlings. Yet, the significance of these results in increasing survival in nature remains to be tested under more severe drought than the plants experienced in our field experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marcelo D. Serpe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, 1910 University Drive, Boise, ID 83725, USA
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Zhang M, Wang K, Shi C, Li X, Qiu Z, Shi F. Responses of Fungal Assembly and Co-Occurrence Network of Rhizosphere Soil to Amaranthus palmeri Invasion in Northern China. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9050509. [PMID: 37233220 DOI: 10.3390/jof9050509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction between invasive plants and soil microbial communities is critical for plant establishment. However, little is known about the assembly and co-occurrence patterns of fungal communities in the rhizosphere soil of Amaranthus palmeri. The soil fungal communities and co-occurrence networks were investigated in 22 invaded patches and 22 native patches using high-throughput Illumina sequencing. Despite having little effect on alpha diversity, plant invasion significantly altered the composition of the soil fungal community (ANOSIM, p < 0.05). Fungal taxa associated with plant invasion were identified using linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe). In the rhizosphere soil of A. palmeri, Basidiomycota was significantly enriched, while Ascomycota and Glomeromycota were significantly reduced when compared to native plants. At the genus level, the invasion of A. palmeri dramatically increased the abundance of beneficial fungi and potential antagonists such as Dioszegia, Tilletiopsis, Colacogloea, and Chaetomium, while it significantly decreased the abundance of pathogenic fungi such as Alternaria and Phaeosphaeria. Plant invasion reduced the average degree and average path length, and increased the modularity value, resulting in a less complex but more effective and stable network. Our findings improved the knowledge of the soil fungal communities, network co-occurrence patterns, and keystone taxa in A. palmeri-invaded ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Zhang
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Kefan Wang
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Cong Shi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Xueying Li
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhenlu Qiu
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Fuchen Shi
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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Shang Z, Wang Y, An M, Chen X, Kulyar MFEA, Tan Z, Liu S, Li K. The successional trajectory of bacterial and fungal communities in soil are fabricated by yaks’ excrement contamination in plateau, China. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1016852. [DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1016852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The soil microbiome is crucial in determining contemporary realistic conditions for future terrestrial ecological and evolutionary development. However, the precise mechanism between the fecal deposition in livestock grazing and changes in the soil microbiome remains unknown. This is the first in-depth study of bacterial and fungal taxonomic changes of excrement contaminated soils in the plateau (>3,500 m). This suggests the functional shifts towards a harmful-dominated soil microbiome. According to our findings, excrement contamination significantly reduced the soil bacterial and fungal diversity and richness. Furthermore, a continuous decrease in the relative abundance of microorganisms was associated with nutrient cycling, soil pollution purification, and root-soil stability with the increasing degree of excrement contamination. In comparison, soil pathogens were found to have the opposite trend in the scenario, further deteriorating normal soil function and system resilience. Such colonization and succession of the microbiome might provide an important potential theoretical instruction for microbiome-based soil health protection measures in the plateau of China.
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Cowan JA, Grady KC, Dijkstra P, Schwartz E, Gehring CA. Invasive and native grasses exert negative plant-soil feedbacks on the woody shrub Artemisia tridentata. Oecologia 2022; 199:1007-1019. [PMID: 35969273 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-022-05236-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Displacement of diverse native plant communities by low-diversity invasive communities is a global problem. In the western United States, the displacement of sagebrush-dominated communities by cheatgrass has increased since the 1920s. Restoration outcomes are poor, potentially due to soil alteration by cheatgrass. We explored the poorly understood role of plant-soil feedbacks in the dominance of cheatgrass in a greenhouse study where uninvaded sagebrush soils were conditioned with either cheatgrass, a native bunchgrass or sagebrush. Sagebrush seedlings were grown in the soils that remained following the removal of conditioning plants. We expected cheatgrass to strongly suppress sagebrush due to a change in belowground microbial communities, conspecifics to have neutral effects and the native bunchgrass to have intermediate effects as it coevolved with sagebrush but belongs to a different functional group. We assessed the effects of conditioning on sagebrush growth, tissue nutrients, and carbon allocation. We also characterized the abundance, diversity and community composition of root microbial associates. Cheatgrass strongly suppressed sagebrush growth at high and low conditioning densities, the native bunchgrass showed suppression at high conditioning densities only and conspecific effects were neutral. Tissue nutrients, amount of root colonization by soil fungi or root microbial community composition were not associated with these plant-soil feedbacks. Although we did not identify the precise mechanism, our results provide key evidence that rapid soil alteration by cheatgrass results in negative plant-soil feedbacks on sagebrush growth. These feedbacks likely contribute to cheatgrass dominance and the poor success of sagebrush restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob A Cowan
- School of Forestry, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, USA.
| | - Kevin C Grady
- School of Forestry, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, USA
| | - Paul Dijkstra
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, USA
| | - Egbert Schwartz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, USA
| | - Catherine A Gehring
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, USA
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Co-inoculation with a dark septate endophyte alters arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization of two widespread plants of the sagebrush steppe. Symbiosis 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-021-00819-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Wang C, Michalet R, Liu Z, Jiang X, Wang X, Zhang G, An L, Chen S, Xiao S. Disentangling Large- and Small-Scale Abiotic and Biotic Factors Shaping Soil Microbial Communities in an Alpine Cushion Plant System. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:925. [PMID: 32528430 PMCID: PMC7262953 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms play a crucial role in biogeochemical cycles and ecosystem processes, but the key factors driving microbial community structure are poorly understood, particularly in alpine environments. In this study, we aim to disentangle the relative contribution of abiotic and biotic factors shaping bacterial and fungal community structure at large and small spatial and integration scales in an alpine system dominated by a stress-tolerant cushion species Thylacospermum ceaspitosum. These effects were assessed in two mountain ranges of northwest China and for two contrasting phenotypes of the cushion species inhabiting two different microtopographic positions. The large- and small-scale abiotic effects include the site and microhabitat effects, respectively, while the large- and small-scale biotic effects include the effects of cushion presence and cushion phenotype, respectively. Soil microbial communities were characterized by Illumina Miseq sequencing. Uni- and multivariate statistics were used to test the effects of abiotic and biotic factors at both scales. Results indicated that the site effect representing the soil pH and abiotic hydrothermal conditions mainly affected bacterial community structure, whereas fungal community structure was mainly affected by biotic factors with an equal contribution of cushion presence and cushion phenotype effects. Future studies should analyze the direct factors contributing to shaping microbial community structure in particular of the cushion phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyue Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Richard Michalet
- Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Ziyang Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xingpei Jiang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiangtai Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Gaosen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lizhe An
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shuyan Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Sa Xiao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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Looking at the Origin: Some Insights into the General and Fermentative Microbiota of Vineyard Soils. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation5030078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In winemaking processes, there is a current tendency to develop spontaneous fermentations taking advantage of the metabolic diversity of derived from the great microbial diversity present in grape musts. This enological practice enhances wine complexity, but undesirable consequences or deviations could appear on wine quality. Soil is a reservoir of important microorganisms for different beneficial processes, especially for plant nutrition, but it is also the origin of many of the phytopathogenic microorganisms that affect vines. In this study, a meta-taxonomic analysis of the microbial communities inhabiting vineyard soils was realized. A significant impact of the soil type and climate aspects (seasonal patterns) was observed in terms of alpha and beta bacterial diversity, but fungal populations appeared as more stable communities in vineyard soils, especially in terms of alpha diversity. Focusing on the presence and abundance of wine-related microorganisms present in the studied soils, some seasonal and soil-dependent patterns were observed. The Lactobacillaceae family, containing species responsible for the malolactic fermentation, was only present in non-calcareous soils samples and during the summer season. The study of wine-related fungi indicated that the Debaryomycetaceae family dominates the winter yeast population, whereas the Saccharomycetaceae family, containing the most important fermentative yeast species for winemaking, was detected as dominant in summer.
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Curd EE, Martiny JBH, Li H, Smith TB. Bacterial diversity is positively correlated with soil heterogeneity. Ecosphere 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Emily E. Curd
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California Los Angeles 612 Charles E. Young Drive South, Box 957246 Los Angeles California 90095 USA
| | - Jennifer B. H. Martiny
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California Irvine 321 Steinhaus Hall Irvine California 92697 USA
| | - Huiying Li
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging David Geffen School of Medicine University of California Los Angeles 650 Charles E. Young Drive South Los Angeles California 90095 USA
- DOE Institute University of California Los Angeles 611 Charles E. Young Drive East Los Angeles California 90095 USA
| | - Thomas B. Smith
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California Los Angeles 612 Charles E. Young Drive South, Box 957246 Los Angeles California 90095 USA
- Center for Tropical Research University of California Los Angeles LaKretz Hall, 619 Charles E. Young Drive East, #300 Los Angeles California 90095 USA
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Germino MJ, Belnap J, Stark JM, Allen EB, Rau BM. Ecosystem Impacts of Exotic Annual Invaders in the Genus Bromus. SPRINGER SERIES ON ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-24930-8_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
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Sinsabaugh RL, Belnap J, Rudgers J, Kuske CR, Martinez N, Sandquist D. Soil microbial responses to nitrogen addition in arid ecosystems. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:819. [PMID: 26322030 PMCID: PMC4536368 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The N cycle of arid ecosystems is influenced by low soil organic matter, high soil pH, and extremes in water potential and temperature that lead to open canopies and development of biological soil crusts (biocrusts). We investigated the effects of N amendment on soil microbial dynamics in a Larrea tridentata-Ambrosia dumosa shrubland site in southern Nevada USA. Sites were fertilized with a NO3-NH4 mix at 0, 7, and 15 kg N ha-1 y-1 from March 2012 to March 2013. In March 2013, biocrust (0–0.5 cm) and bulk soils (0–10 cm) were collected beneath Ambrosia canopies and in the interspaces between plants. Biomass responses were assessed as bacterial and fungal SSU rRNA gene copy number and chlorophyll a concentration. Metabolic responses were measured by five ecoenzyme activities and rates of N transformation. By most measures, nutrient availability, microbial biomass, and process rates were greater in soils beneath the shrub canopy compared to the interspace between plants, and greater in the surface biocrust horizon compared to the deeper 10 cm soil profile. Most measures responded positively to experimental N addition. Effect sizes were generally greater for bulk soil than biocrust. Results were incorporated into a meta-analysis of arid ecosystem responses to N amendment that included data from 14 other studies. Effect sizes were calculated for biomass and metabolic responses. Regressions of effect sizes, calculated for biomass, and metabolic responses, showed similar trends in relation to N application rate and N load (rate × duration). The critical points separating positive from negative treatment effects were 88 kg ha-1 y-1 and 159 kg ha-1, respectively, for biomass, and 70 kg ha-1 y-1 and 114 kg ha-1, respectively, for metabolism. These critical values are comparable to those for microbial biomass, decomposition rates and respiration reported in broader meta-analyses of N amendment effects in mesic ecosystems. However, large effect sizes at low N addition rates indicate that arid ecosystems are sensitive to modest increments in anthropogenic N deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jayne Belnap
- Southwest Biological Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Moab UT, USA
| | - Jennifer Rudgers
- Biology Department, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque NM, USA
| | - Cheryl R Kuske
- Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos NM, USA
| | - Noelle Martinez
- Biology Department, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque NM, USA
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Wiber CF, King GM, Aho K. Relative abundance of and composition within fungal orders differ between cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) and sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata)-associated soils. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123849. [PMID: 25822987 PMCID: PMC4378941 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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