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Li H, Zhu Y, Wang X, Feng Y, Qian Y, Ma Q, Li X, Chen Y, Chen K. Joining Forces: The Combined Application of Therapeutic Viruses and Nanomaterials in Cancer Therapy. Molecules 2023; 28:7679. [PMID: 38005401 PMCID: PMC10674375 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer, on a global scale, presents a monumental challenge to our healthcare systems, posing a significant threat to human health. Despite the considerable progress we have made in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer, realizing precision cancer therapy, reducing side effects, and enhancing efficacy remain daunting tasks. Fortunately, the emergence of therapeutic viruses and nanomaterials provides new possibilities for tackling these issues. Therapeutic viruses possess the ability to accurately locate and attack tumor cells, while nanomaterials serve as efficient drug carriers, delivering medication precisely to tumor tissues. The synergy of these two elements has led to a novel approach to cancer treatment-the combination of therapeutic viruses and nanomaterials. This advantageous combination has overcome the limitations associated with the side effects of oncolytic viruses and the insufficient tumoricidal capacity of nanomedicines, enabling the oncolytic viruses to more effectively breach the tumor's immune barrier. It focuses on the lesion site and even allows for real-time monitoring of the distribution of therapeutic viruses and drug release, achieving a synergistic effect. This article comprehensively explores the application of therapeutic viruses and nanomaterials in tumor treatment, dissecting their working mechanisms, and integrating the latest scientific advancements to predict future development trends. This approach, which combines viral therapy with the application of nanomaterials, represents an innovative and more effective treatment strategy, offering new perspectives in the field of tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Li
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.F.); (Y.Q.); (Q.M.); (X.L.); (Y.C.)
- Ocean College, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China
| | - Yunhuan Zhu
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.F.); (Y.Q.); (Q.M.); (X.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Xin Wang
- Center of Infectious Disease Research, School of Life Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China;
| | - Yilu Feng
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.F.); (Y.Q.); (Q.M.); (X.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yuncheng Qian
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.F.); (Y.Q.); (Q.M.); (X.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Qiman Ma
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.F.); (Y.Q.); (Q.M.); (X.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Xinyuan Li
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.F.); (Y.Q.); (Q.M.); (X.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yihan Chen
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.F.); (Y.Q.); (Q.M.); (X.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Keda Chen
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.F.); (Y.Q.); (Q.M.); (X.L.); (Y.C.)
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Resistance Mechanisms Influencing Oncolytic Virotherapy, a Systematic Analysis. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9101166. [PMID: 34696274 PMCID: PMC8537623 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9101166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to therapy is a frequently observed phenomenon in the treatment of cancer, and as with other cancer therapeutics, therapies based on oncolytic viruses also face the challenges of resistance, such as humoral and cellular antiviral responses, and tumor-associated interferon-mediated resistance. In order to identify additional mechanisms of resistance that may contribute to therapeutic failure, we developed a systematic search strategy for studies published in PubMed. We analyzed 6143 articles on oncolytic virotherapy and found that approximately 8% of these articles use resistance terms in the abstract and/or title. Of these 439 articles, 87 were original research. Most of the findings reported pertain to resistance mediated by tumor-cell-dependent interferon signaling. Yet, mechanisms such as epigenetic modifications, hypoxia-mediated inhibition, APOBEC-mediated resistance, virus entry barriers, and spatiotemporal restriction to viral spread, although not frequently assessed, were demonstrated to play a major role in resistance. Similarly, our results suggest that the stromal compartment consisting of, but not limited to, myeloid cells, fibroblasts, and epithelial cells requires more study in relation to therapy resistance using oncolytic viruses. Thus, our findings emphasize the need to assess the stromal compartment and to identify novel mechanisms that play an important role in conferring resistance to oncolytic virotherapy.
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Santos Apolonio J, Lima de Souza Gonçalves V, Cordeiro Santos ML, Silva Luz M, Silva Souza JV, Rocha Pinheiro SL, de Souza WR, Sande Loureiro M, de Melo FF. Oncolytic virus therapy in cancer: A current review. World J Virol 2021; 10:229-255. [PMID: 34631474 PMCID: PMC8474975 DOI: 10.5501/wjv.v10.i5.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In view of the advancement in the understanding about the most diverse types of cancer and consequently a relentless search for a cure and increased survival rates of cancer patients, finding a therapy that is able to combat the mechanism of aggression of this disease is extremely important. Thus, oncolytic viruses (OVs) have demonstrated great benefits in the treatment of cancer because it mediates antitumor effects in several ways. Viruses can be used to infect cancer cells, especially over normal cells, to present tumor-associated antigens, to activate "danger signals" that generate a less immune-tolerant tumor microenvironment, and to serve transduction vehicles for expression of inflammatory and immunomodulatory cytokines. The success of therapies using OVs was initially demonstrated by the use of the genetically modified herpes virus, talimogene laherparepvec, for the treatment of melanoma. At this time, several OVs are being studied as a potential treatment for cancer in clinical trials. However, it is necessary to be aware of the safety and possible adverse effects of this therapy; after all, an effective treatment for cancer should promote regression, attack the tumor, and in the meantime induce minimal systemic repercussions. In this manuscript, we will present a current review of the mechanism of action of OVs, main clinical uses, updates, and future perspectives on this treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Santos Apolonio
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Luísa Cordeiro Santos
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Marcel Silva Luz
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - João Victor Silva Souza
- Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Campus Vitória da Conquista, Vitória da Conquista 45083-900, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Samuel Luca Rocha Pinheiro
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Wedja Rafaela de Souza
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Matheus Sande Loureiro
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Freire de Melo
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
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Gene Therapy for Pancreatic Diseases: Current Status. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113415. [PMID: 30384450 PMCID: PMC6275054 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The pancreas is a key organ involved in digestion and endocrine functions in the body. The major diseases of the pancreas include pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer, cystic diseases, pancreatic divisum, islet cell tumors, endocrine tumors, diabetes mellitus, and pancreatic pain induced by these diseases. While various therapeutic methodologies have been established to date, however, the improvement of conventional treatments and establishment of novel therapies are essential to improve the efficacy. For example, conventional therapeutic options, including chemotherapy, are not effective against pancreatic cancer, and despite improvements in the last decade, the mortality rate has not declined and is estimated to become the second cause of cancer-related deaths by 2030. Therefore, continuous efforts focus on the development of novel therapeutic options. In this review, we will summarize the progress toward the development of gene therapies for pancreatic diseases, with an emphasis on recent preclinical studies and clinical trials. We aim to identify new areas for improvement of the current methodologies and new strategies that will lead to safe and effective gene therapeutic approaches in pancreatic diseases.
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Stepanenko AA, Chekhonin VP. Tropism and transduction of oncolytic adenovirus 5 vectors in cancer therapy: Focus on fiber chimerism and mosaicism, hexon and pIX. Virus Res 2018; 257:40-51. [PMID: 30125593 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2018.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The cellular internalization (infection of cells) of adenovirus 5 (Ad5) is mediated by the initial attachment of the globular knob domain of the capsid fiber protein to the cell surface coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR), then followed by the interaction of the virus penton base proteins with cellular integrins. In tumors, there is a substantial intra- and intertumoral variability in CAR expression. The CAR-negative cells generally exhibit very low infectability. Since the fiber knob is a primary mediator of Ad5 binding to the cell surface, improved infectivity of Ad5-based vectors as oncolytic agents may be achieved via genetic modifications of this domain. The strategies to modify or broaden tropism and increase transduction efficiency of Ad5-based vectors include: 1) an incorporation of a targeting peptide into the fiber knob domain (the HI loop and/or C-terminus); 2) fiber knob serotype switching, or pseudotyping, by constructing chimeric fibers consisting of the knob domain derived from an alternate serotype (e.g., Ad5/3 or Ad5/35 chimeras), which binds to receptor(s) other than CAR (e.g., desmoglein 2/DSG2 and/or CD46); 3) "fiber complex mosaicism", an approach of combining serotype chimerism with peptide ligand(s) incorporation (e.g., Ad5/3-RGD); 4) "dual fiber mosaicism" by expressing two separate fibers with distinct receptor-binding capabilities on the same viral particle (e.g., Ad5-5/3 or Ad5-5/σ1); 5) fiber xenotyping by replacing the knob and shaft domains of wild-type Ad5 fiber protein with fibritin trimerization domain of T4 bacteriophage or σ1 attachment protein of reovirus. Other genetic approaches to increase the CAR-independent transduction efficiency include insertion of a targeting peptide into the hypervariable region of the capsid protein hexon or fusion to the C-terminus of pIX. Finally, we consider a yet unsolved molecular mechanism of liver targeting by Ad5-based vectors (CAR-, integrin-, fiber shaft KKTK motif-, and hepatic heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans-independent, but fiber-, hexon- and blood factor X-dependent).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksei A Stepanenko
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Narcology, The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Kropotkinsky lane 23, 119034 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Vladimir P Chekhonin
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Narcology, The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Kropotkinsky lane 23, 119034 Moscow, Russia; Department of Medical Nanobiotechnologies, Medico-Biological Faculty, N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Ostrovitianov str. 1, 117997 Moscow, Russia.
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Ungerechts G, Engeland CE, Buchholz CJ, Eberle J, Fechner H, Geletneky K, Holm PS, Kreppel F, Kühnel F, Lang KS, Leber MF, Marchini A, Moehler M, Mühlebach MD, Rommelaere J, Springfeld C, Lauer UM, Nettelbeck DM. Virotherapy Research in Germany: From Engineering to Translation. Hum Gene Ther 2018; 28:800-819. [PMID: 28870120 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2017.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Virotherapy is a unique modality for the treatment of cancer with oncolytic viruses (OVs) that selectively infect and lyse tumor cells, spread within tumors, and activate anti-tumor immunity. Various viruses are being developed as OVs preclinically and clinically, several of them engineered to encode therapeutic proteins for tumor-targeted gene therapy. Scientists and clinicians in German academia have made significant contributions to OV research and development, which are highlighted in this review paper. Innovative strategies for "shielding," entry or postentry targeting, and "arming" of OVs have been established, focusing on adenovirus, measles virus, parvovirus, and vaccinia virus platforms. Thereby, new-generation virotherapeutics have been derived. Moreover, immunotherapeutic properties of OVs and combination therapies with pharmacotherapy, radiotherapy, and especially immunotherapy have been investigated and optimized. German investigators are increasingly assessing their OV innovations in investigator-initiated and sponsored clinical trials. As a prototype, parvovirus has been tested as an OV from preclinical proof-of-concept up to first-in-human clinical studies. The approval of the first OV in the Western world, T-VEC (Imlygic), has further spurred the involvement of investigators in Germany in international multicenter studies. With the encouraging developments in funding, commercialization, and regulatory procedures, more German engineering will be translated into OV clinical trials in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Ungerechts
- 1 Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases and Heidelberg University Hospital , Heidelberg, Germany .,2 Department of Translational Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany .,3 Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute , Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christine E Engeland
- 1 Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases and Heidelberg University Hospital , Heidelberg, Germany .,2 Department of Translational Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian J Buchholz
- 4 Molecular Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut , Langen, Germany .,5 German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), partner site Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Eberle
- 6 Charité -Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Dermatology, Skin Cancer Centre Charité , Berlin, Germany
| | - Henry Fechner
- 7 Technische Universität Berlin, Institute of Biotechnology , Department of Applied Biochemistry, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karsten Geletneky
- 8 Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum Darmstadt , Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Per Sonne Holm
- 9 Department of Urology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich , Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Kreppel
- 10 Chair of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biomedical Research and Education (ZBAF), Faculty of Health, University Witten/Herdecke (UW/H), Witten, Germany
| | - Florian Kühnel
- 11 Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Karl Sebastian Lang
- 12 Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen , Essen, Germany
| | - Mathias F Leber
- 1 Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases and Heidelberg University Hospital , Heidelberg, Germany .,2 Department of Translational Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Antonio Marchini
- 13 Department of Tumor Virology, Infection, Inflammation and Cancer Program, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany .,14 Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics (LOVIT), Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Markus Moehler
- 15 University Medical Center Mainz , I. Dept. of Internal Medicine, Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael D Mühlebach
- 16 Product Testing of Immunological Veterinary Medicinal Products, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut , Langen, Germany
| | - Jean Rommelaere
- 13 Department of Tumor Virology, Infection, Inflammation and Cancer Program, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Springfeld
- 1 Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases and Heidelberg University Hospital , Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ulrich M Lauer
- 17 Department of Clinical Tumor Biology, Medical University Hospital , Tübingen, Germany .,18 German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), partner site Tübingen, Germany
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Wu Q, Tian Y, Zhang J, Zhang H, Gu F, Lu Y, Zou S, Chen Y, Sun P, Xu M, Sun X, Xia C, Chi H, Ying Zhu A, Tang D, Wang D. Functions of pancreatic stellate cell-derived soluble factors in the microenvironment of pancreatic ductal carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:102721-102738. [PMID: 29254283 PMCID: PMC5731993 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal forms of cancer with poor prognosis because it is highly resistant to traditional chemotherapy and radiotherapy and it has a low rate of surgical resection eligibility. Pancreatic stellate cells (PSC) have become a research hotspot in recent years, and play a vital role in PDAC microenvironment by secreting soluble factors such as transforming growth factor β, interleukin-6, stromal cell-derived factor-1, hepatocyte growth factor and galectin-1. These PSC-derived cytokines and proteins contribute to PSC activation, participating in PDAC cell proliferation, migration, fibrosis, angiogenesis, immunosuppression, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and chemoradiation resistance, leading to malignant outcome. Consequently, targeting these cytokines and proteins or their downstream signaling pathways is promising for treating PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wu
- Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Ying Tian
- Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jingqiu Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of General Surgery, Northern Jiangsu Province Hospital, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Hongpeng Zhang
- Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Fengming Gu
- Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yongdie Lu
- Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Shengnan Zou
- Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yuji Chen
- Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Pengxiang Sun
- Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Mengyue Xu
- Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoming Sun
- Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Chao Xia
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Hao Chi
- Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - A Ying Zhu
- Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Dong Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of General Surgery, Northern Jiangsu Province Hospital, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Daorong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of General Surgery, Northern Jiangsu Province Hospital, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
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Pang T, Wang X, Gao J, Chen W, Shen XJ, Nie MM, Luo T, Yin K, Fang G, Wang KX, Xue XC. Fiber-modified hexon-chimeric oncolytic adenovirus targeting cancer associated fibroblasts inhibits tumor growth in gastric carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:76468-76478. [PMID: 29100326 PMCID: PMC5652720 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of fiber-modified hexon-chimeric recombinant oncolytic adenovirus targeting cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) on the gastric CAFs and the transplantation tumor mice model of gastric carcinoma (GC). RESULTS Compared with BJ cells and GPFs, the reproduction and infectivity of P9, P9-4C or GP adenoviruses were markedly higher in gastric CAFs. In addition, P9, P9-4C or GP had a significantly relatively more killing effect on gastric CAFs compared with GPFs, and have less oncolytic effect in BJ cells. Furthermore, in transplantation tumor mice model of GC we found significantly higher hexon protein expression in tumor tissues, more decreasing tumor growth and increasing inhibitory rates after treatment of P9, P9-4C or GP adenoviruses compared with Ad adenovirus. MATERIALS AND METHODS Based on the construction of the recombinant oncolytic adenoviruses pRCAdHVR48-SDF1p-Ad/EGFP (Ad, as control) with the E1A gene transcription regulated by stromal-derived factor 1 (SDF1) promoter and the hexon replaced by hexon-chimeric (H5HVR48) gene, three fiber-modified hexon-chimeric oncolytic adenovirus through the modification fiber protein by insertion of different short peptides specifically binding to fibroblast activation protein (FAP), including pRCAdHVR48-SDF1p-FAP-P9/EGFP (P9), pRCAdHVR48-SDF1p-FAP-P9-4C/EGFP (P9-4C), pRCAdHVR48-SDF1p-FAP-GP/EGFP (GP), and their corresponding replication-defective adenovirus in parallel were reconstructed. Then the reproduction, infectivity and killing ability of the four above recombinant adenoviruses were evaluated in gastric CAFs compared with gastric para-mucosa fibroblasts (GPFs) and neonatal human foreskin fibroblasts (BJ). Furthermore, transplantation tumor mice model of GC was established, and then treated by the four above recombinant adenoviruses. Tumor size and tumor growth inhibitory rates were calculated, and histomorphology by HE staining and hexon expressions by immunohistochemistry were evaluated in tumor tissues. CONCLUSIONS The fiber-modified hexon-chimeric recombinant oncolytic adenovirus targeting CAFs can relatively specifically kill gastric CAFs and inhibit GC cells growth in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Pang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, ChangHai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, ShangHai, China
| | - Xinghua Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Second Military Medical University, ShangHai, China
| | - Jun Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, ChangHai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, ShangHai, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Cardiology, ChangZheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, ShangHai, China
| | - Xiao Jun Shen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, ChangHai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, ShangHai, China
| | - Ming Ming Nie
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, ChangHai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, ShangHai, China
| | - Tianhang Luo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, ChangHai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, ShangHai, China
| | - Kai Yin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, ChangHai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, ShangHai, China
| | - Guoen Fang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, ChangHai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, ShangHai, China
| | - Kai Xuan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, ChangHai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, ShangHai, China
| | - Xu Chao Xue
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, ChangHai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, ShangHai, China
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9
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Rouanet M, Lebrin M, Gross F, Bournet B, Cordelier P, Buscail L. Gene Therapy for Pancreatic Cancer: Specificity, Issues and Hopes. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18061231. [PMID: 28594388 PMCID: PMC5486054 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A recent death projection has placed pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma as the second cause of death by cancer in 2030. The prognosis for pancreatic cancer is very poor and there is a great need for new treatments that can change this poor outcome. Developments of therapeutic innovations in combination with conventional chemotherapy are needed urgently. Among innovative treatments the gene therapy offers a promising avenue. The present review gives an overview of the general strategy of gene therapy as well as the limitations and stakes of the different experimental in vivo models, expression vectors (synthetic and viral), molecular tools (interference RNA, genome editing) and therapeutic genes (tumor suppressor genes, antiangiogenic and pro-apoptotic genes, suicide genes). The latest developments in pancreatic carcinoma gene therapy are described including gene-based tumor cell sensitization to chemotherapy, vaccination and adoptive immunotherapy (chimeric antigen receptor T-cells strategy). Nowadays, there is a specific development of oncolytic virus therapies including oncolytic adenoviruses, herpes virus, parvovirus or reovirus. A summary of all published and on-going phase-1 trials is given. Most of them associate gene therapy and chemotherapy or radiochemotherapy. The first results are encouraging for most of the trials but remain to be confirmed in phase 2 trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Rouanet
- Department of Gastroenterology, CHU Rangueil, 1 avenue Jean Poulhès, Toulouse 31059, France.
- INSERM UMR 1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, Toulouse 31037, France.
| | - Marine Lebrin
- Center for Clinical Investigation 1436, Module of Biotherapy, CHU Rangueil, 1 avenue Jean Poulhès, Toulouse Cedex 9, France.
| | - Fabian Gross
- Center for Clinical Investigation 1436, Module of Biotherapy, CHU Rangueil, 1 avenue Jean Poulhès, Toulouse Cedex 9, France.
| | - Barbara Bournet
- Department of Gastroenterology, CHU Rangueil, 1 avenue Jean Poulhès, Toulouse 31059, France.
- INSERM UMR 1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, Toulouse 31037, France.
- University of Toulouse III, Medical School of Medicine Rangueil, Toulouse 31062, France.
| | - Pierre Cordelier
- INSERM UMR 1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, Toulouse 31037, France.
| | - Louis Buscail
- Department of Gastroenterology, CHU Rangueil, 1 avenue Jean Poulhès, Toulouse 31059, France.
- INSERM UMR 1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, Toulouse 31037, France.
- Center for Clinical Investigation 1436, Module of Biotherapy, CHU Rangueil, 1 avenue Jean Poulhès, Toulouse Cedex 9, France.
- University of Toulouse III, Medical School of Medicine Rangueil, Toulouse 31062, France.
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Vassaux G, Angelova A, Baril P, Midoux P, Rommelaere J, Cordelier P. The Promise of Gene Therapy for Pancreatic Cancer. Hum Gene Ther 2016; 27:127-33. [PMID: 26603492 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2015.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike for other digestive cancer entities, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and targeted therapies have, so far, largely failed to improve patient survival in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC), which remains the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death in Europe and the United States. In this context, gene therapy may offer a new avenue for patients with PDAC. In this review, we explore the research currently ongoing in French laboratories aimed at defeating PDAC using nonviral therapeutic gene delivery, targeted transgene expression, or oncolytic virotherapy that recently or will soon bridge the gap between experimental models of cancer and clinical trials. These studies are likely to change clinical practice or thinking about PDAC management, as they represent a major advance not only for PDAC but may also significantly influence the field of gene-based molecular treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georges Vassaux
- 1 Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis , Nice, France .,2 Laboratoire TIRO , UMRE 4320, CEA, Nice, France
| | - Assia Angelova
- 3 German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Tumor Virology/F010, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patrick Baril
- 4 Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR4301 and University of Orléans , Orléans, France
| | - Patrick Midoux
- 4 Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR4301 and University of Orléans , Orléans, France
| | - Jean Rommelaere
- 3 German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Tumor Virology/F010, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pierre Cordelier
- 5 INSERM , UMR1037 CRCT, F-31000 Toulouse, France .,6 Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier , F-31000 Toulouse, France
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Abstract
Oncolytic virotherapy, a type of nanomedicine in which oncolytic viruses (OVs) are used to selectively infect and lyse cancer cells, is an emerging field in cancer therapy. Some OVs exhibit a specific tropism for cancer cells, whereas others require genetic modification to enhance their binding with and entry into cancer cells. OVs both kill tumor cells and induce the host’s immune response against tumor cells. Armed with antitumor cellular molecules, antibodies, and/or in combination with anticancer drugs, OVs can accelerate the lysis of cancer cells. Among the OVs, vaccinia virus has been the focus of preclinical and clinical research because of its many favorable properties. In this review, the basic mechanisms of action of OVs are presented, including their entry, survival, tumor lysis, and immune activation, and the latest research in vaccinia virus-based virotherapy and its status as an anticancer nanomedicine in prospective clinical trials are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeong Heo
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan
| | - So Young Yoo
- BIO-IT Foundry Technology Institute; Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
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12
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Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Oncolytic Virotherapy: Friend or Foe? Biomedicines 2016; 4:biomedicines4030013. [PMID: 28536380 PMCID: PMC5344259 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines4030013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer therapy remains a challenge due to toxicity limitations of chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Oncolytic viruses that selectively replicate and destroy cancer cells are of increasing interest. In addition to direct cell lysis, these vectors stimulate an anti-tumor immune response. A key regulator of tumor immunity is the tumor-associated macrophage population. Macrophages can either support oncolytic virus therapy through pro-inflammatory stimulation of the anti-tumor response at the cost of hindering direct oncolysis or through immunosuppressive protection of virus replication at the cost of hindering the anti-tumor immune response. Despite similarities in macrophage interaction between adult and pediatric tumors and the abundance of research supporting macrophage modulation in adult tumors, there are few studies investigating macrophage modulation in pediatric cancers or modulation of immunotherapy. We review the current state of knowledge regarding macrophages in cancers and their influence on oncolytic virotherapy.
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Rosewell Shaw A, Suzuki M. Recent advances in oncolytic adenovirus therapies for cancer. Curr Opin Virol 2016; 21:9-15. [PMID: 27379906 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2016.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oncolytic adenoviruses (Onc.Ads) selectively replicate in and lyse cancer cells and are therefore commonly used vectors in clinical trials for cancer gene therapy. Building upon the well-characterized adenoviral natural tropism, genetic modification of Onc.Ad can enhance/regulate their transduction and replication within specific cancer cell types. However, Onc.Ad-mediated tumor cell lysis cannot fully eliminate tumors. The hostile tumor microenvironment provides many barriers to efficient oncolytic virotherapy, as tumors develop structure and immune-evasion mechanisms in order to grow and ultimately spread. For these reasons, Onc.Ads modified to deliver structural or immune modulatory molecules (Armed Onc.Ads) have been developed to overcome the physical and immunological barriers of solid tumors. The combination of oncolysis with tumor microenvironment modulation/destruction may provide a promising platform for Ad-based cancer gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Rosewell Shaw
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Masataka Suzuki
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.
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Correction: Hexon modification to improve the activity of oncolytic adenovirus vectors against neoplastic and stromal cells in pancreatic cancer. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123844. [PMID: 25853248 PMCID: PMC4390372 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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