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Cai W, Xiao C, Fan T, Deng Z, Wang D, Liu Y, Li C, He J. Targeting LSD1 in cancer: Molecular elucidation and recent advances. Cancer Lett 2024; 598:217093. [PMID: 38969160 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.217093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Histones are the main components of chromatin, functioning as an instructive scaffold to maintain chromosome structure and regulate gene expression. The dysregulation of histone modification is associated with various pathological processes, especially cancer initiation and development, and histone methylation plays a critical role. However, the specific mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets of histone methylation in cancer are not elucidated. Lys-specific demethylase 1A (LSD1) was the first identified demethylase that specifically removes methyl groups from histone 3 at lysine 4 or lysine 9, acting as a repressor or activator of gene expression. Recent studies have shown that LSD1 promotes cancer progression in multiple epigenetic regulation or non-epigenetic manners. Notably, LSD1 dysfunction is correlated with repressive cancer immunity. Many LSD1 inhibitors have been developed and clinical trials are exploring their efficacy in monotherapy, or combined with other therapies. In this review, we summarize the oncogenic mechanisms of LSD1 and the current applications of LSD1 inhibitors. We highlight that LSD1 is a promising target for cancer treatment. This review will provide the latest theoretical references for further understanding the research progress of oncology and epigenetics, deepening the updated appreciation of epigenetics in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenpeng Cai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Chu Xiao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Tao Fan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Ziqin Deng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Di Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yixiao Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chunxiang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Jie He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
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2
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Mudambi S, Fitzgerald ME, Washington DL, Pera PJ, Huss WJ, Paragh G. Dual targeting of KDM1A and antioxidants is an effective anticancer strategy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.12.597953. [PMID: 38915482 PMCID: PMC11195178 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.12.597953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Lysine Specific Demethylase 1 (KDM1A / LSD1) regulates mitochondrial respiration and stabilizes HIF-1A (hypoxia-inducible factor 1A). HIF-1A modulates reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels by increasing cellular glucose uptake, glycolysis, and endogenous antioxidants. The role of KDM1A in cellular ROS response has not previously been described. We determined the role of KDM1A in regulating the ROS response and the utility of KDM1A inhibitors in combination with ROS-inducing cancer therapies. Our results show that KDM1A inhibition sensitized cells to oxidative stress and increased total cellular ROS, which was mitigated by treatment with the antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine. KDM1A inhibition decreased basal mitochondrial respiration and impaired induction of HIF-1A after ROS exposure. Overexpression of HIF-1A salvaged cells from KDM1A inhibition enhanced sensitivity to ROS. Thus we found that increased sensitivity of ROS after KDM1A inhibition was mediated by HIF-1A and depletion of endogenous glutathione. We also show that KDM1A-specific inhibitor bizine synergized with antioxidant-depleting therapies, buthionine sulfoximine, and auranofin in rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines (Rh28 and Rh30). In this study, we describe a novel role for KDM1A in regulating HIF-1A functions under oxidative stress and found that dual targeting of KDM1A and antioxidant systems may serve as an effective combination anticancer strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaila Mudambi
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, United States 14263
- Department of Dermatology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, United States 14263
| | - Megan E Fitzgerald
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, United States 14263
- Department of Dermatology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, United States 14263
| | - Deschana L Washington
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, United States 14263
| | - Paula J Pera
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, United States 14263
- Department of Dermatology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, United States 14263
| | - Wendy J Huss
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, United States 14263
- Department of Dermatology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, United States 14263
| | - Gyorgy Paragh
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, United States 14263
- Department of Dermatology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, United States 14263
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3
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Kim JH, Park C, Kim WS. Lysine demethylase LSD1 is associated with stemness in EBV-positive B cell lymphoma. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6764. [PMID: 38514636 PMCID: PMC10957933 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55113-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
EBV-infected lymphoma has a poor prognosis and various treatment strategies are being explored. Reports suggesting that B cell lymphoma can be induced by epigenetic regulation have piqued interest in studying mechanisms targeting epigenetic regulation. Here, we set out to identify an epigenetic regulator drug that acts synergistically with doxorubicin in EBV-positive lymphoma. We expressed the major EBV protein, LMP1, in B-cell lymphoma cell lines and used them to screen 100 epigenetic modifiers in combination with doxorubicin. The screening results identified TCP, which is an inhibitor of LSD1. Further analyses revealed that LMP1 increased the activity of LSD1 to enhance stemness ability under doxorubicin treatment, as evidenced by colony-forming and ALDEFLUOR activity assays. Quantseq 3' mRNA sequencing analysis of potential targets regulated by LSD1 in modulating stemness revealed that the LMP1-induced upregulation of CHAC2 was decreased when LSD1 was inhibited by TCP or downregulated by siRNA. We further observed that SOX2 expression was altered in response to CHAC2 expression, suggesting that stemness is regulated. Collectively, these findings suggest that LSD1 inhibitors could serve as promising therapeutic candidates for EBV-positive lymphoma, potentially reducing stemness activity when combined with conventional drugs to offer an effective treatment approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Hyun Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, Korea
| | - Chaehwa Park
- Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, Korea
| | - Won Seog Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, Korea.
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Irwon-dong, Seoul, 06351, Korea.
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4
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Yin J, Gu T, Chaudhry N, Davidson NE, Huang Y. Epigenetic modulation of antitumor immunity and immunotherapy response in breast cancer: biological mechanisms and clinical implications. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1325615. [PMID: 38268926 PMCID: PMC10806158 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1325615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common non-skin cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death in American women. The initiation and progression of BC can proceed through the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic changes that allow transformed cells to escape the normal cell cycle checkpoint control. Unlike nucleotide mutations, epigenetic changes such as DNA methylation, histone posttranslational modifications (PTMs), nucleosome remodeling and non-coding RNAs are generally reversible and therefore potentially responsive to pharmacological intervention. Epigenetic dysregulations are critical mechanisms for impaired antitumor immunity, evasion of immune surveillance, and resistance to immunotherapy. Compared to highly immunogenic tumor types, such as melanoma or lung cancer, breast cancer has been viewed as an immunologically quiescent tumor which displays a relatively low population of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), low tumor mutational burden (TMB) and modest response rates to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). Emerging evidence suggests that agents targeting aberrant epigenetic modifiers may augment host antitumor immunity in BC via several interrelated mechanisms such as enhancing tumor antigen presentation, activation of cytotoxic T cells, inhibition of immunosuppressive cells, boosting response to ICI, and induction of immunogenic cell death (ICD). These discoveries have established a highly promising basis for using combinatorial approaches of epigenetic drugs with immunotherapy as an innovative paradigm to improve outcomes of BC patients. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of how epigenetic processes regulate immune cell function and antitumor immunogenicity in the context of the breast tumor microenvironment. Moreover, we discuss the therapeutic potential and latest clinical trials of the combination of immune checkpoint blockers with epigenetic agents in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yin
- The University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Tiezheng Gu
- The University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Norin Chaudhry
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Nancy E. Davidson
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
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5
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Stitzlein LM, Adams JT, Stitzlein EN, Dudley RW, Chandra J. Current and future therapeutic strategies for high-grade gliomas leveraging the interplay between epigenetic regulators and kinase signaling networks. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2024; 43:12. [PMID: 38183103 PMCID: PMC10768151 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02923-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Targeted therapies, including small molecule inhibitors directed against aberrant kinase signaling and chromatin regulators, are emerging treatment options for high-grade gliomas (HGG). However, when translating these inhibitors into the clinic, their efficacy is generally limited to partial and transient responses. Recent studies in models of high-grade gliomas reveal a convergence of epigenetic regulators and kinase signaling networks that often cooperate to promote malignant properties and drug resistance. This review examines the interplay between five well-characterized groups of chromatin regulators, including the histone deacetylase (HDAC) family, bromodomain and extraterminal (BET)-containing proteins, protein arginine methyltransferase (PRMT) family, Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), and lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1), and various signaling pathways essential for cancer cell growth and progression. These specific epigenetic regulators were chosen for review due to their targetability via pharmacological intervention and clinical relevance. Several studies have demonstrated improved efficacy from the dual inhibition of the epigenetic regulators and signaling kinases. Overall, the interactions between epigenetic regulators and kinase signaling pathways are likely influenced by several factors, including individual glioma subtypes, preexisting mutations, and overlapping/interdependent functions of the chromatin regulators. The insights gained by understanding how the genome and epigenome cooperate in high-grade gliomas will guide the design of future therapeutic strategies that utilize dual inhibition with improved efficacy and overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea M Stitzlein
- Department of Pediatrics Research, The MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Box 853, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jack T Adams
- Department of Pediatrics Research, The MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Box 853, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Richard W Dudley
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Findlay, Findlay, OH, USA
| | - Joya Chandra
- Department of Pediatrics Research, The MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Box 853, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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6
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Imodoye SO, Adedokun KA. EMT-induced immune evasion: connecting the dots from mechanisms to therapy. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:4265-4287. [PMID: 37966552 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-01229-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a dynamic program crucial for organismal development and tissue regeneration. Unfortunately, this program is often hijacked by epithelial tumors to facilitate metastasis. Beyond its role in cancer spread, EMT increases cancer cell survival by activating stem cell programs and bypassing apoptotic programs. Importantly, the capacity of EMT to enforce tumor progression by altering the tumor cell phenotype without triggering immune responses opens the intriguing possibility of a mechanistic link between EMT-driven cancers and immune evasion. Indeed, EMT has been acknowledged as a of driver immune evasion, but the mechanisms are still evolving. Here, we review recent insights into the influence of EMT on tumor immune evasion. Specifically, we focus on the mechanistic roles of EMT in immune escape as the basis that may provide a platform for innovative therapeutic approaches in advanced tumors. We summarize promising therapeutic approaches currently in clinical trials and trending preclinical studies aimed at reinvigorating the tumor microenvironment to create immune-permissive conditions that facilitates immune-mediated tumor clearance. We anticipate that this will assist researchers and pharmaceutical companies in understanding how EMT compromises the immune response, potentially paving the way for effective cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sikiru O Imodoye
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA.
| | - Kamoru A Adedokun
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
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7
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Lee SW, Frankston CM, Kim J. Epigenome editing in cancer: Advances and challenges for potential therapeutic options. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 383:191-230. [PMID: 38359969 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2023.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Cancers are diseases caused by genetic and non-genetic environmental factors. Epigenetic alterations, some attributed to non-genetic factors, can lead to cancer development. Epigenetic changes can occur in tumor suppressors or oncogenes, or they may contribute to global cell state changes, making cells abnormal. Recent advances in gene editing technology show potential for cancer treatment. Herein, we will discuss our current knowledge of epigenetic alterations occurring in cancer and epigenetic editing technologies that can be applied to developing therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Won Lee
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States; Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Connor Mitchell Frankston
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States; Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Jungsun Kim
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States; Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States; Cancer Biology Research Program, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States.
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8
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Song YQ, Yang GJ, Ma DL, Wang W, Leung CH. The role and prospect of lysine-specific demethylases in cancer chemoresistance. Med Res Rev 2023; 43:1438-1469. [PMID: 37012609 DOI: 10.1002/med.21955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Histone methylation plays a key function in modulating gene expression, and preserving genome integrity and epigenetic inheritance. However, aberrations of histone methylation are commonly observed in human diseases, especially cancer. Lysine methylation mediated by histone methyltransferases can be reversed by lysine demethylases (KDMs), which remove methyl marks from histone lysine residues. Currently, drug resistance is a main impediment for cancer therapy. KDMs have been found to mediate drug tolerance of many cancers via altering the metabolic profile of cancer cells, upregulating the ratio of cancer stem cells and drug-tolerant genes, and promoting the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastatic ability. Moreover, different cancers show distinct oncogenic addictions for KDMs. The abnormal activation or overexpression of KDMs can alter gene expression signatures to enhance cell survival and drug resistance in cancer cells. In this review, we describe the structural features and functions of KDMs, the KDMs preferences of different cancers, and the mechanisms of drug resistance resulting from KDMs. We then survey KDM inhibitors that have been used for combating drug resistance in cancer, and discuss the opportunities and challenges of KDMs as therapeutic targets for cancer drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Qi Song
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Guan-Jun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dik-Lung Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wanhe Wang
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chung-Hang Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
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9
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Bao L, Zhu P, Mou Y, Song Y, Qin Y. Targeting LSD1 in tumor immunotherapy: rationale, challenges and potential. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1214675. [PMID: 37483603 PMCID: PMC10360200 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1214675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) is an enzyme that removes lysine methylation marks from nucleosome histone tails and plays an important role in cancer initiation, progression, metastasis, and recurrence. Recent research shows that LSD1 regulates tumor cells and immune cells through multiple upstream and downstream pathways, enabling tumor cells to adapt to the tumor microenvironment (TME). As a potential anti-tumor treatment strategy, immunotherapy has developed rapidly in the past few years. However, most patients have a low response rate to available immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), including anti-PD-(L)1 therapy and CAR-T cell therapy, due to a broad array of immunosuppressive mechanisms. Notably, inhibition of LSD1 turns "cold tumors" into "hot tumors" and subsequently enhances tumor cell sensitivity to ICIs. This review focuses on recent advances in LSD1 and tumor immunity and discusses a potential therapeutic strategy for combining LSD1 inhibition with immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Bao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- College of Basic Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Ping Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- Institute of Infection and Inflammation, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Yuan Mou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- College of Basic Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Yinhong Song
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- College of Basic Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- Institute of Infection and Inflammation, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Ye Qin
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- College of Basic Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
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10
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Johnson JD, Alejo S, Jayamohan S, Sareddy GR. Lysine-specific demethylase 1 as a therapeutic cancer target: observations from preclinical study. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2023; 27:1177-1188. [PMID: 37997756 PMCID: PMC10872912 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2023.2288277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A (KDM1A/LSD1) has emerged as an important therapeutic target in various cancer types. LSD1 regulates a wide range of biological processes that influence cancer development, progression, metastasis, and therapy resistance. However, recent studies have revealed novel aspects of LSD1 biology, shedding light on its involvement in immunogenicity, antitumor immunity, and DNA damage response. These emerging findings have the potential to be leveraged in the design of effective LSD1-targeted therapies. AREAS COVERED This paper discusses the latest developments in the field of LSD1 biology, focusing on its role in regulating immunogenicity, antitumor immunity, and DNA damage response mechanisms. The newfound understanding of these mechanisms has opened possibilities for the development of novel LSD1-targeted therapies for cancer treatment. Additionally, the paper provides an overview of LSD1 inhibitor-based combination therapies for the treatment of cancer. EXPERT OPINION Exploiting LSD1 role in antitumor immunity and DNA damage response provides cues to not only understand the LSD1-resistant mechanisms but also rationally design new combination therapies that are more efficient and less toxic than monotherapy. The exploration of LSD1 biology and the development of LSD1-targeted therapies hold great promise for the future of cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica D. Johnson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Salvador Alejo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Sridharan Jayamohan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Gangadhara R. Sareddy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- Mays Cancer Center, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
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11
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Bhuvanadas S, Devi A. JARID2 and EZH2, The Eminent Epigenetic Drivers In Human Cancer. Gene 2023:147584. [PMID: 37353042 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Cancer has become a prominent cause of death, accounting for approximately 10 million death worldwide as per the World Health Organization reports 2020. Epigenetics deal with the alterations of heritable phenotypes, except for DNA alterations. Currently, we are trying to comprehend the role of utmost significant epigenetic genes involved in the burgeoning of human cancer. A sundry of studies reported the Enhancer of Zeste Homologue2 (EZH2) as a prime catalytic subunit of Polycomb Repressive Complex2, which is involved in several pivotal activities, including embryogenesis. In addition, EZH2 has detrimental effects leading to the onset and metastasis of several cancers. Jumonji AT Rich Interacting Domain2 (JARID2), an undebated crucial nuclear factor, has strong coordination with the PRC2 family. In this review, we discuss various epigenetic entities, primarily focusing on the possible role and mechanism of EZH2 and the significant contribution of JARID2 in human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreeshma Bhuvanadas
- Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamilnadu, India - 603203
| | - Arikketh Devi
- Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamilnadu, India - 603203.
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12
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Cerutti C, Shi JR, Vanacker JM. Multifaceted Transcriptional Network of Estrogen-Related Receptor Alpha in Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054265. [PMID: 36901694 PMCID: PMC10002233 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen-related receptors (ERRα, β and γ in mammals) are orphan members of the nuclear receptor superfamily acting as transcription factors. ERRs are expressed in several cell types and they display various functions in normal and pathological contexts. Amongst others, they are notably involved in bone homeostasis, energy metabolism and cancer progression. In contrast to other nuclear receptors, the activities of the ERRs are apparently not controlled by a natural ligand but they rely on other means such as the availability of transcriptional co-regulators. Here we focus on ERRα and review the variety of co-regulators that have been identified by various means for this receptor and their reported target genes. ERRα cooperates with distinct co-regulators to control the expression of distinct sets of target genes. This exemplifies the combinatorial specificity of transcriptional regulation that induces discrete cellular phenotypes depending on the selected coregulator. We finally propose an integrated view of the ERRα transcriptional network.
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13
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Wang N, Ma T, Yu B. Targeting epigenetic regulators to overcome drug resistance in cancers. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:69. [PMID: 36797239 PMCID: PMC9935618 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01341-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance is mainly responsible for cancer recurrence and poor prognosis. Epigenetic regulation is a heritable change in gene expressions independent of nucleotide sequence changes. As the common epigenetic regulation mechanisms, DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNA regulation have been well studied. Increasing evidence has shown that aberrant epigenetic regulations contribute to tumor resistance. Therefore, targeting epigenetic regulators represents an effective strategy to reverse drug resistance. In this review, we mainly summarize the roles of epigenetic regulation in tumor resistance. In addition, as the essential factors for epigenetic modifications, histone demethylases mediate the histone or genomic DNA modifications. Herein, we comprehensively describe the functions of the histone demethylase family including the lysine-specific demethylase family, the Jumonji C-domain-containing demethylase family, and the histone arginine demethylase family, and fully discuss their regulatory mechanisms related to cancer drug resistance. In addition, therapeutic strategies, including small-molecule inhibitors and small interfering RNA targeting histone demethylases to overcome drug resistance, are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Ting Ma
- Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Bin Yu
- Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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Targeting emerging cancer hallmarks by transition metal complexes: Epigenetic reprogramming and epitherapies. Part II. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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15
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Sukocheva OA, Lukina E, Friedemann M, Menschikowski M, Hagelgans A, Aliev G. The crucial role of epigenetic regulation in breast cancer anti-estrogen resistance: Current findings and future perspectives. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 82:35-59. [PMID: 33301860 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) cell de-sensitization to Tamoxifen (TAM) or other selective estrogen receptor (ER) modulators (SERM) is a complex process associated with BC heterogeneity and the transformation of ER signalling. The most influential resistance-related mechanisms include modifications in ER expression and gene regulation patterns. During TAM/SERM treatment, epigenetic mechanisms can effectively silence ER expression and facilitate the development of endocrine resistance. ER status is efficiently regulated by specific epigenetic tools including hypermethylation of CpG islands within ER promoters, increased histone deacetylase activity in the ER promoter, and/or translational repression by miRNAs. Over-methylation of the ER α gene (ESR1) promoter by DNA methyltransferases was associated with poor prognosis and indicated the development of resistance. Moreover, BC progression and spreading were marked by transformed chromatin remodelling, post-translational histone modifications, and expression of specific miRNAs and/or long non-coding RNAs. Therefore, targeted inhibition of histone acetyltransferases (e.g. MYST3), deacetylases (e.g. HDAC1), and/or demethylases (e.g. lysine-specific demethylase LSD1) was shown to recover and increase BC sensitivity to anti-estrogens. Indicated as a powerful molecular instrument, the administration of epigenetic drugs can regain ER expression along with the activation of tumour suppressor genes, which can in turn prevent selection of resistant cells and cancer stem cell survival. This review examines recent advances in the epigenetic regulation of endocrine drug resistance and evaluates novel anti-resistance strategies. Underlying molecular mechanisms of epigenetic regulation will be discussed, emphasising the utilization of epigenetic enzymes and their inhibitors to re-program irresponsive BCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga A Sukocheva
- Discipline of Health Sciences, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, 5042, Australia.
| | - Elena Lukina
- Discipline of Biology, College of Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, 5042, Australia
| | - Markus Friedemann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital `Carl Gustav Carus`, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Mario Menschikowski
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital `Carl Gustav Carus`, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Albert Hagelgans
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital `Carl Gustav Carus`, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Gjumrakch Aliev
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, 119991, Russia; Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia; Federal State Budgetary Institution «Research Institute of Human Morphology», 3, Tsyurupy Str., Moscow, 117418, Russian Federation; GALLY International Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
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16
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Dong J, Pervaiz W, Tayyab B, Li D, Kang L, Zhang H, Gong H, Ma X, Li J, Agboyibor C, Bi Y, Liu H. A comprehensive comparative study on LSD1 in different cancers and tumor specific LSD1 inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 240:114564. [PMID: 35820351 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
LSD1 was significantly over-expressed in several cancer types, and its aberrant overexpression was revealed to play a crucial role in the initiation and progression of cancer. Several LSD1 inhibitors that were discovered and developed so far were found to be effective in attenuating tumor growth in both in vivo and in vitro studies. However, the major challenge associated with the development of cancer therapies is personalized treatment. Therefore, it is essential to look in detail at how LSD1 plays its part in carcinogenesis and whether there are any different expression levels of LSD1 in different tumors. Here in this review, fresh insight into a list of function correlated LSD1 binding proteins are provided, and we tried to figure out the role of LSD1 in different cancer types, including hematological malignancies and solid tumors. A critical description of mutation preference for LSD1 in different tumors was also discussed. Recent research findings clearly showed that the abrogation of LSD1 demethylase activity via LSD1 inhibitors markedly reduced the growth of cancer cells. But there are still many ambiguities regarding the role of LSD1 in different cancers. Therefore, targeting LSD1 for treating different cancers is still reductionist, and many challenges need to be met to improve the therapeutic outcomes of LSD1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianshu Dong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality Control and Evaluation, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Waqar Pervaiz
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality Control and Evaluation, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Bilal Tayyab
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality Control and Evaluation, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Dié Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality Control and Evaluation, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Lei Kang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality Control and Evaluation, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality Control and Evaluation, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Huimin Gong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality Control and Evaluation, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Xinli Ma
- China-US(Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, No.127, Dongming Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450008, China
| | - Jian Li
- China-US(Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, No.127, Dongming Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450008, China
| | - Clement Agboyibor
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yuefeng Bi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality Control and Evaluation, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Hongmin Liu
- Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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17
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Role of histone demethylases and histone methyltransferases in triple-negative breast cancer: Epigenetic mnemonics. Life Sci 2022; 292:120321. [PMID: 35031259 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a particularly lethal subtype of breast cancer owing to its heterogeneity, high drug resistance, poor prognosis and lack of therapeutic targets. Recent insights into the complexity of TNBC have been explained by epigenetic regulation and its ability to modulate certain oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes. This has opened an emerging area in anti-cancer therapy using epigenetic modulating drugs, highlighting the epigenetic reprogramming during tumorigenesis and tumour development. Histone methylation and demethylation are such dynamic epigenetic mechanisms mediated by histone methyltransferases (HMTs) and histone demethylases (HDMs), respectively. The interplay between HMTs and HDMs in histone methylation extrapolates their viability as druggable epigenetic targets in TNBC. In this review, we aim to summarize recent progress in the field of epigenetics focusing on HMTs and HDMs in TNBC development and their potential use in targeted therapy for TNBC management.
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18
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Agboyibor C, Dong J, Effah CY, Drokow EK, Pervaiz W, Li D, Kang L, Ma X, Li J, Liu Z, Liu HM. Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Lysine-Specific Demethylase 1 Expression as a Prognostic Biomarker of Cancer Survival and Disease Progression. Cancer Control 2021; 28:10732748211051557. [PMID: 34802287 PMCID: PMC8727833 DOI: 10.1177/10732748211051557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Numerous studies on the prognostic significance of lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) up-regulation in tumors have different outcomes. The inconsistency originated from various studies looking into the association between LSD1 and tumor cells has prompted the decision of this quantitative systematic review to decipher how up-regulated LSD1 and overall survival (OS) or recurrence-free survival (RFS) or disease-free survival (DFS) are linked in tumor patients. Methods Articles were searched from online databases such as Embase, Web of Science Core, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus. The extraction of the hazard ratios (HR) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) was attained and survival data of 3151 tumor patients from 17 pieces of related research were used for this meta-analysis. Results To shed light on the link between LSD1 up-regulation and the prognosis of diverse tumors, the pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were determined. In this meta-analysis, it was observed that LSD1 up-regulation is linked with poor OS (HR = 2.08, 95% CI: 1.66–2.61, P < .01) and RFS (HR = 3.09, 95% CI: 1.81–5.26, P < .01) in tumor patients. However, LSD1 up-regulation was not linked to DFS (HR = 1.49, 95% CI: .83–2.69, P = .18) in tumor patients. The subcategory examination grouped by tumor type and ethnicity showed that LSD1 up-regulation was linked with a poor outcome in the esophageal tumor and hepatocellular carcinoma and Asian patients, respectively. For clinical-pathological factors, up-regulated LSD1 was significantly linked with Lymph node status. Conclusion Despite the shortfall of the present work, this meta-analysis proposes that LSD1 up-regulation may be a prognostic biomarker for patients with tumors including esophageal tumors and hepatocellular carcinoma. We propose that large-scale studies are vital to substantiate these outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clement Agboyibor
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 12636Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, 12636Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Institute of Drug Discovery and Development; 12636Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality Control and Evaluation, 12636Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation of Henan Province; 12636Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianshu Dong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 12636Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, 12636Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Institute of Drug Discovery and Development; 12636Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality Control and Evaluation, 12636Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation of Henan Province; 12636Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Clement Y Effah
- College of Public Health, 12636Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Emmanuel K Drokow
- Department of Oncology, 89632Zhengzhou University People's Hospital and Henan Provincial People's Hospital Henan, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Waqar Pervaiz
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 12636Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, 12636Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Institute of Drug Discovery and Development; 12636Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality Control and Evaluation, 12636Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation of Henan Province; 12636Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dié Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 12636Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, 12636Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Institute of Drug Discovery and Development; 12636Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality Control and Evaluation, 12636Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation of Henan Province; 12636Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lei Kang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 12636Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, 12636Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Institute of Drug Discovery and Development; 12636Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality Control and Evaluation, 12636Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation of Henan Province; 12636Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinli Ma
- China-US(Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jian Li
- China-US(Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhenzhen Liu
- 12636The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hong-Min Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 12636Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, 12636Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Institute of Drug Discovery and Development; 12636Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality Control and Evaluation, 12636Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation of Henan Province; 12636Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Prominent Prognostic Factors in Aggressive Breast Cancer: A Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER MANAGEMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.5812/ijcm.109015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Context: Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer in women worldwide. Hereditary susceptibility created by mutations in autosomal dominant genes is responsible for 5 to 10% of all BC cases in women. Recent studies have identified genes associated with increased risk for aggressive BC, providing the basis for better risk management. Evidence Acquisition: The latest information in National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and Scopus were the main databases for finding articles. A combination of keywords of ‘metastasis’, ‘invasion’, ‘aggressive breast cancer’, ‘prognostic factor’, ‘mutation’, and ‘cancer treatment’ was searched in the databases to identify related articles. Titles and abstracts of the articles were studied to choose the right articles. Results: Mutations in breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein (BRCA1) and breast cancer type 2 susceptibility protein (BRCA2) genes are two central players related to the high risk of BC. Mutation in tumor protein p53 (TP53) is another important mutation that leads to triple-negative BC. Although the majority of BC types are not associated with high-throughput mutant genes such as BRCA1, BRCA2, and TP53, they are associated with low-throughput genes, including DNA repair protein Rad50 (RAD50), Nijmegen breakage syndrome gene (NBS1), checkpoint kinase 2 (CHEK2), BRCA1-interacting protein 1 (BRIP1), E-cadherin gene (CDH1) and PALB2, UCHL1, aldehydedehydrogenase1A3 (ALDH1A3), androgen receptor (AR), 5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PIK3CA), phosphatidylinositol-4, and luminal gene expression that are generally mutated in the global population. High tumor mutational burden (TMB) was associated with improved progression-free survival. Conclusions: The lymph node status, early tumor size, ER, PR, human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2), and Ki-67 are conventional prognostic factors for BC. However, these factors cannot exactly predict the aggressive behavior of BC. Hence, in this review, we discussed new prognostic factors of aggressive BCs that are useful for the treatment of patients with BC.
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Wu HJ, Chu PY. Epigenetic Regulation of Breast Cancer Stem Cells Contributing to Carcinogenesis and Therapeutic Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158113. [PMID: 34360879 PMCID: PMC8348144 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, breast cancer has remained the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer death among women. Breast cancer is a highly heterogeneous and phenotypically diverse group of diseases, which require different selection of treatments. Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs), a small subset of cancer cells with stem cell-like properties, play essential roles in breast cancer progression, recurrence, metastasis, chemoresistance and treatments. Epigenetics is defined as inheritable changes in gene expression without alteration in DNA sequence. Epigenetic regulation includes DNA methylation and demethylation, as well as histone modifications. Aberrant epigenetic regulation results in carcinogenesis. In this review, the mechanism of epigenetic regulation involved in carcinogenesis, therapeutic resistance and metastasis of BCSCs will be discussed, and finally, the therapies targeting these biomarkers will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsing-Ju Wu
- Department of Biology, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua 500, Taiwan;
- Research Assistant Center, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Lukang Town, Changhua 505, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yi Chu
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
- Department of Health Food, Chung Chou University of Science and Technology, Changhua 510, Taiwan
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan 704, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-975611855; Fax: +886-47227116
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21
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MiR-137-3p Inhibits Colorectal Cancer Cell Migration by Regulating a KDM1A-Dependent Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. Dig Dis Sci 2021; 66:2272-2282. [PMID: 32749639 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-020-06518-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In colorectal cancer (CRC), miR-137-3p downregulation is associated with disease progression, but the mechanism is not fully understood. KDM1A, also known as LSD1, is upregulated in various cancer and promotes tumor metastasis. Interestingly, miR-137-3p is downregulated by hypoxia, which plays critical roles in tumor metastasis, and KDM1A is a miR-137-3p target gene in brain tumors. AIMS To study if CRC metastasis is regulated by a hypoxia/miR-137-3p/KDM1A axis and if the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process is involved. METHODS We measured the levels of miR-137-3p, KDM1A, and some EMT markers in CRC biopsy tissues and cell lines. We also investigated the regulation of KDM1A by miR-137-3p and the effects of KDM1A inhibition on the EMT process and cell migration. RESULTS We verified the low miR-137-3p and high KDM1A levels in CRC tumors. Inhibiting miR-137-3p upregulated KDM1A expression and promoted the invasiveness of CRC cells. KDM1A knockdown, or treatment with tranylcypromine, a specific KDM1A inhibitor, reduced the migration and invasion of CRC cells by inhibiting the EMT process. CRC cells cultured under hypoxic conditions expressed less miR-137-3p but more KDM1A than cells cultured under normal conditions, implying the involvement of miR-137-3p and KDM1A in hypoxia-induced tumor metastasis. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that MiR-137-3p inhibits CRC cell migration by regulating a KDM1A-dependent EMT process. Our study suggests that restoring the expression of miR-137-3p or targeting KDM1A might be potential therapeutic strategies for CRC.
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Kim D, Kim KI, Baek SH. Roles of lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) in homeostasis and diseases. J Biomed Sci 2021; 28:41. [PMID: 34082769 PMCID: PMC8175190 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-021-00737-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) targets mono- or di-methylated histone H3K4 and H3K9 as well as non-histone substrates and functions in the regulation of gene expression as a transcriptional repressor or activator. This enzyme plays a pivotal role in various physiological processes, including development, differentiation, inflammation, thermogenesis, neuronal and cerebral physiology, and the maintenance of stemness in stem cells. LSD1 also participates in pathological processes, including cancer as the most representative disease. It promotes oncogenesis by facilitating the survival of cancer cells and by generating a pro-cancer microenvironment. In this review, we discuss the role of LSD1 in several aspects of cancer, such as hypoxia, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, stemness versus differentiation of cancer stem cells, as well as anti-tumor immunity. Additionally, the current understanding of the involvement of LSD1 in various other pathological processes is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongha Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun Il Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung Hee Baek
- Creative Research Initiatives Center for Epigenetic Code and Diseases, Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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23
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Siklos M, Kubicek S. Therapeutic targeting of chromatin: status and opportunities. FEBS J 2021; 289:1276-1301. [PMID: 33982887 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The molecular characterization of mechanisms underlying transcriptional control and epigenetic inheritance since the 1990s has paved the way for the development of targeted therapies that modulate these pathways. In the past two decades, cancer genome sequencing approaches have uncovered a plethora of mutations in chromatin modifying enzymes across tumor types, and systematic genetic screens have identified many of these proteins as specific vulnerabilities in certain cancers. Now is the time when many of these basic and translational efforts start to bear fruit and more and more chromatin-targeting drugs are entering the clinic. At the same time, novel pharmacological approaches harbor the potential to modulate chromatin in unprecedented fashion, thus generating entirely novel opportunities. Here, we review the current status of chromatin targets in oncology and describe a vision for the epigenome-modulating drugs of the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marton Siklos
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Kubicek
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
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LSD1 as a Biomarker and the Outcome of Its Inhibitors in the Clinical Trial: The Therapy Opportunity in Tumor. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2021; 2021:5512524. [PMID: 33833800 PMCID: PMC8018836 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5512524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Tumors are the foremost cause of death worldwide. As a result of that, there has been a significant enhancement in the investigation, treatment methods, and good maintenance practices on cancer. However, the sensitivity and specificity of a lot of tumor biomarkers are not adequate. Hence, it is of inordinate significance to ascertain novel biomarkers to forecast the prognosis and therapy targets for tumors. This review characterized LSD1 as a biomarker in different tumors. LSD1 inhibitors in clinical trials were also discussed. The recent pattern advocates that LSD1 is engaged at sauce chromatin zones linking with complexes of multi-protein having an exact DNA-binding transcription factor, establishing LSD1 as a favorable epigenetic target, and also gives a large selection of therapeutic targets to treat different tumors. This review sturdily backing the oncogenic probable of LSD1 in different tumors indicated that LSD1 levels can be used to monitor and identify different tumors and can be a useful biomarker of progression and fair diagnosis in tumor patients. The clinical trials showed that inhibitors of LSD1 have growing evidence of clinical efficacy which is very encouraging and promising. However, for some of the inhibitors such as GSK2879552, though selective, potent, and effective, its disease control was poor as the rate of adverse events (AEs) was high in tumor patients causing clinical trial termination, and continuation could not be supported by the risk-benefit profile. Therefore, we propose that, to attain excellent clinical results of inhibitors of LSD1, much attention is required in designing appropriate dosing regimens, developing in-depth in vitro/in vivo mechanistic works of LSD1 inhibitors, and developing inhibitors of LSD1 that are reversible, safe, potent, and selective which may offer safer profiles.
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25
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Iwata T, Sedukhina AS, Kubota M, Oonuma S, Maeda I, Yoshiike M, Usuba W, Minagawa K, Hames E, Meguro R, Cho S, Chien SHH, Urabe S, Pae S, Palanisamy K, Kumai T, Yudo K, Kikuchi E, Sato K. A new bioinformatics approach identifies overexpression of GRB2 as a poor prognostic biomarker for prostate cancer. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5696. [PMID: 33707553 PMCID: PMC7952695 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85086-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A subset of prostate cancer displays a poor clinical outcome. Therefore, identifying this poor prognostic subset within clinically aggressive groups (defined as a Gleason score (GS) ≧8) and developing effective treatments are essential if we are to improve prostate cancer survival. Here, we performed a bioinformatics analysis of a TCGA dataset (GS ≧8) to identify pathways upregulated in a prostate cancer cohort with short survival. When conducting bioinformatics analyses, the definition of factors such as “overexpression” and “shorter survival” is vital, as poor definition may lead to mis-estimations. To eliminate this possibility, we defined an expression cutoff value using an algorithm calculated by a Cox regression model, and the hazard ratio for each gene was set so as to identify genes whose expression levels were associated with shorter survival. Next, genes associated with shorter survival were entered into pathway analysis to identify pathways that were altered in a shorter survival cohort. We identified pathways involving upregulation of GRB2. Overexpression of GRB2 was linked to shorter survival in the TCGA dataset, a finding validated by histological examination of biopsy samples taken from the patients for diagnostic purposes. Thus, GRB2 is a novel biomarker that predicts shorter survival of patients with aggressive prostate cancer (GS ≧8).
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Affiliation(s)
- Teppei Iwata
- Department of Frontier Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, St. Marianna University, Kawasaki, 2168511, Japan.,Department of Urology, School of Medicine, St. Marianna University, Kawasaki, 2168511, Japan
| | - Anna S Sedukhina
- Department of Frontier Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, St. Marianna University, Kawasaki, 2168511, Japan
| | - Manabu Kubota
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, St. Marianna University, Kawasaki, 2168511, Japan
| | - Shigeko Oonuma
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, St. Marianna University, Kawasaki, 2168511, Japan
| | - Ichiro Maeda
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University Kitasato Institute Hospital, Minato, 1080072, Japan.,Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, 2520374, Japan
| | - Miki Yoshiike
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, St. Marianna University, Kawasaki, 2168511, Japan
| | - Wataru Usuba
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, St. Marianna University, Kawasaki, 2168511, Japan
| | - Kimino Minagawa
- Department of Pharmacogenomics, Graduate School of Medicine, St. Marianna University, Kawasaki, 2168511, Japan
| | - Eleina Hames
- K International School Tokyo, Koto, 1350021, Japan
| | - Rei Meguro
- K International School Tokyo, Koto, 1350021, Japan
| | - Sunny Cho
- K International School Tokyo, Koto, 1350021, Japan
| | | | - Shiro Urabe
- K International School Tokyo, Koto, 1350021, Japan
| | - Sookhee Pae
- K International School Tokyo, Koto, 1350021, Japan
| | | | - Toshio Kumai
- Department of Pharmacogenomics, Graduate School of Medicine, St. Marianna University, Kawasaki, 2168511, Japan
| | - Kazuo Yudo
- Department of Frontier Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, St. Marianna University, Kawasaki, 2168511, Japan
| | - Eiji Kikuchi
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, St. Marianna University, Kawasaki, 2168511, Japan
| | - Ko Sato
- Department of Frontier Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, St. Marianna University, Kawasaki, 2168511, Japan.
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26
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Inoue F, Sone K, Toyohara Y, Takahashi Y, Kukita A, Hara A, Taguchi A, Tanikawa M, Tsuruga T, Osuga Y. Targeting Epigenetic Regulators for Endometrial Cancer Therapy: Its Molecular Biology and Potential Clinical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2305. [PMID: 33669072 PMCID: PMC7956745 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed gynecological malignancies worldwide. However, its prognosis in advanced stages is poor, and there are only few available treatment options when it recurs. Epigenetic changes in gene function, such as DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNA, have been studied for the last two decades. Epigenetic dysregulation is often reported in the development and progression of various cancers. Recently, epigenetic changes in endometrial cancer have also been discussed. In this review, we give the main points of the role of DNA methylation and histone modification in endometrial cancer, the diagnostic tools to determine these modifications, and inhibitors targeting epigenetic regulators that are currently in preclinical studies and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kenbun Sone
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; (F.I.); (Y.T.); (Y.T.); (A.K.); (A.H.); (A.T.); (M.T.); (T.T.); (Y.O.)
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27
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Zhao K, Li Y, Han T, Sun A, Bian W, Li M, Lin Q, Shao G. Comparison of the expression levels of lysine-specific demethylase 1 and survival outcomes between triple-negative and non-triple-negative breast cancer. Oncol Lett 2020; 21:102. [PMID: 33376535 PMCID: PMC7751332 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) is a nuclear protein and the first histone demethylase to be identified. LSD1 is an evolutionarily conserved member of the FAD-dependent amine oxidase family and serves an important role in controlling gene expression. LSD1 has been implicated in the tumorigenesis and progression of several types of human cancer; however, to the best of our knowledge, the expression levels and clinical significance of LSD1 in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and non-triple-negative breast cancer (NTNBC) have not been investigated in detail. Therefore, the present study aimed to compare the expression levels of LSD1 in TNBC and NTNBC to determine the prognostic significance of LSD1 in breast cancer. Previous studies have suggested that LSD1 may be involved in the carcinogenesis and progression of breast cancer; however, the findings of the present study indicated that LSD1 may not be a suitable molecular treatment target and auxiliary diagnostic indicator for TNBC and NTNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangrong Zhao
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Yanlin Li
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Tiantian Han
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Aiqin Sun
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Wenxuan Bian
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Mingyue Li
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Qiong Lin
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Genbao Shao
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
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28
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Romussi A, Cappa A, Vianello P, Brambillasca S, Cera MR, Dal Zuffo R, Fagà G, Fattori R, Moretti L, Trifirò P, Villa M, Vultaggio S, Cecatiello V, Pasqualato S, Dondio G, So CWE, Minucci S, Sartori L, Varasi M, Mercurio C. Discovery of Reversible Inhibitors of KDM1A Efficacious in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Models. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:754-759. [PMID: 32435381 PMCID: PMC7236255 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1 or KDM1A) is a FAD-dependent enzyme that acts as a transcription corepressor or coactivator by regulating the methylation status of histone H3 lysines K4 and K9, respectively. KDM1A represents an attractive target for cancer therapy. While, in the past, the main medicinal chemistry strategy toward KDM1A inhibition was based on the optimization of ligands that irreversibly bind the FAD cofactor within the enzyme catalytic site, we and others have also identified reversible inhibitors. Herein we reported the discovery of 5-imidazolylthieno[3,2-b]pyrroles, a new series of KDM1A inhibitors endowed with picomolar inhibitory potency, active in cells and efficacious after oral administration in murine leukemia models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Romussi
- Department
of Experimental Oncology, Academic Drug Discovery, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Cappa
- Department
of Experimental Oncology, Academic Drug Discovery, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Vianello
- Department
of Experimental Oncology, Academic Drug Discovery, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Brambillasca
- Department
of Experimental Oncology, Academic Drug Discovery, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Cera
- Department
of Experimental Oncology, Academic Drug Discovery, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Dal Zuffo
- Department
of Experimental Oncology, Academic Drug Discovery, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Fagà
- Department
of Experimental Oncology, Academic Drug Discovery, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Raimondo Fattori
- Department
of Experimental Oncology, Academic Drug Discovery, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Loris Moretti
- Department
of Experimental Oncology, Academic Drug Discovery, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Trifirò
- Department
of Experimental Oncology, Academic Drug Discovery, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Manuela Villa
- Department
of Experimental Oncology, Academic Drug Discovery, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Vultaggio
- Department
of Experimental Oncology, Academic Drug Discovery, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Cecatiello
- Biochemistry
and Structural Biology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Pasqualato
- Biochemistry
and Structural Biology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Dondio
- Aphad
Srl, Via della Resistenza
65, 20090 Buccinasco, MI, Italy
| | - Chi Wai Eric So
- Leukemia
and Stem Cell Biology Group, Division of Cancer Studies, Department
of Haematological Medicine, King’s
College London, Denmark Hill
Campus, London SE5 9NU, U.K.
| | - Saverio Minucci
- Department
of Experimental Oncology, Academic Drug Discovery, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
- Department
of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Sartori
- Department
of Experimental Oncology, Academic Drug Discovery, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Varasi
- Department
of Experimental Oncology, Academic Drug Discovery, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Ciro Mercurio
- Department
of Experimental Oncology, Academic Drug Discovery, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
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29
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Liu J, Feng J, Li L, Lin L, Ji J, Lin C, Liu L, Zhang N, Duan D, Li Z, Huang B, Zhang Y, Lu J. Arginine methylation-dependent LSD1 stability promotes invasion and metastasis of breast cancer. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e48597. [PMID: 31833203 PMCID: PMC7001506 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201948597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone lysine demethylase 1 (LSD1), the first identified histone demethylase, is overexpressed in multiple tumor types, including breast cancer. However, the mechanisms that cause LSD1 dysregulation in breast cancer remain largely unclear. Here, we report that protein arginine methyltransferase 4 (PRMT4 or CARM1) dimethylates LSD1 at R838, which promotes the binding of the deubiquitinase USP7, resulting in the deubiquitination and stabilization of LSD1. Moreover, CARM1- and USP7-dependent LSD1 stabilization plays a key role in repressing E-cadherin and activating vimentin transcription through promoter H3K4me2 and H3K9me2 demethylation, respectively, which promotes invasion and metastasis of breast cancer cells. Consistently, LSD1 arginine methylation levels correlate with tumor grade in human malignant breast carcinoma samples. Our findings unveil a unique mechanism controlling LSD1 stability by arginine methylation, also highlighting the role of the CARM1-USP7-LSD1 axis in breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwei Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education (MOE)Northeast Normal UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Jingxin Feng
- The Institute of Genetics and CytologyNortheast Normal UniversityChangchunChina
- Present address:
Laboratory of Cellular OncologyCenter for Cancer Research (CCR)National Cancer Institute (NCI)BethesdaMDUSA
| | - Lili Li
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and TherapyDepartment of Bone and Soft Tissue OncologyNational Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and HospitalTianjinChina
| | - Luyao Lin
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education (MOE)Northeast Normal UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Jiafei Ji
- The Institute of Genetics and CytologyNortheast Normal UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Cong Lin
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education (MOE)Northeast Normal UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Lingxia Liu
- The Institute of Genetics and CytologyNortheast Normal UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Na Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education (MOE)Northeast Normal UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Dandan Duan
- The Institute of Genetics and CytologyNortheast Normal UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Zhongwei Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education (MOE)Northeast Normal UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Baiqu Huang
- The Institute of Genetics and CytologyNortheast Normal UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Yu Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education (MOE)Northeast Normal UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Jun Lu
- The Institute of Genetics and CytologyNortheast Normal UniversityChangchunChina
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30
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Oda-Kawashima K, Sedukhina AS, Okamoto N, Lytvyn M, Minagawa K, Iwata T, Kumai T, Sato E, Inada E, Yamaura A, Sakamoto M, Roche-Molina M, Bernal JA, Sato K. NF-kB signaling in cardiomyocytes is inhibited by sevoflurane and promoted by propofol. FEBS Open Bio 2020; 10:259-267. [PMID: 31898867 PMCID: PMC6996339 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Both inhalational and intravenous anesthetics affect myocardial remodeling, but the precise effect of each anesthetic on molecular signaling in myocardial remodeling is unknown. Here, we performed in silico analysis to investigate signaling alterations in cardiomyocytes induced by inhalational [sevoflurane (Sevo)] and intravenous [propofol (Prop)] anesthetics. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐kB) signaling was inhibited by Sevo and promoted by Prop. Moreover, nuclear accumulation of p65 and transcription of NF‐kB‐regulated genes were suppressed in Sevo‐administered mice, suggesting that Sevo inhibits the NF‐kB signaling pathway. Our data demonstrate that NF‐kB signaling is inhibited by Sevo and promoted by Prop. As NF‐kB signaling plays an important role in myocardial remodeling, our results suggest that anesthetics may affect myocardial remodeling through NF‐kB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Oda-Kawashima
- Department of Pharmacogenomics, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan.,Anesthesiology Division, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Anna S Sedukhina
- Department of Pharmacogenomics, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Naoki Okamoto
- Department of Pharmacogenomics, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Mariya Lytvyn
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Kimino Minagawa
- Department of Pharmacogenomics, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Teppei Iwata
- Department of Pharmacogenomics, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Toshio Kumai
- Department of Pharmacogenomics, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Eri Sato
- Department of Pharmacogenomics, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Eiichi Inada
- Anesthesiology Division, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Ayako Yamaura
- Department of Anesthesiology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Miki Sakamoto
- Department of Anesthesiology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Marta Roche-Molina
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan A Bernal
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ko Sato
- Department of Pharmacogenomics, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
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31
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Zhou W, Gross KM, Kuperwasser C. Molecular regulation of Snai2 in development and disease. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:132/23/jcs235127. [PMID: 31792043 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.235127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor Snai2, encoded by the SNAI2 gene, is an evolutionarily conserved C2H2 zinc finger protein that orchestrates biological processes critical to tissue development and tumorigenesis. Initially characterized as a prototypical epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) transcription factor, Snai2 has been shown more recently to participate in a wider variety of biological processes, including tumor metastasis, stem and/or progenitor cell biology, cellular differentiation, vascular remodeling and DNA damage repair. The main role of Snai2 in controlling such processes involves facilitating the epigenetic regulation of transcriptional programs, and, as such, its dysregulation manifests in developmental defects, disruption of tissue homeostasis, and other disease conditions. Here, we discuss our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms regulating Snai2 expression, abundance and activity. In addition, we outline how these mechanisms contribute to disease phenotypes or how they may impact rational therapeutic targeting of Snai2 dysregulation in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Zhou
- Department of Developmental, Molecular & Chemical Biology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Boston, MA 02111, USA.,Raymond and Beverly Sackler Convergence Laboratory, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Kayla M Gross
- Department of Developmental, Molecular & Chemical Biology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Boston, MA 02111, USA.,Raymond and Beverly Sackler Convergence Laboratory, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Charlotte Kuperwasser
- Department of Developmental, Molecular & Chemical Biology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Boston, MA 02111, USA .,Raymond and Beverly Sackler Convergence Laboratory, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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32
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LSD1/KDM1A, a Gate-Keeper of Cancer Stemness and a Promising Therapeutic Target. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11121821. [PMID: 31756917 PMCID: PMC6966601 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A new exciting area in cancer research is the study of cancer stem cells (CSCs) and the translational implications for putative epigenetic therapies targeted against them. Accumulating evidence of the effects of epigenetic modulating agents has revealed their dramatic consequences on cellular reprogramming and, particularly, reversing cancer stemness characteristics, such as self-renewal and chemoresistance. Lysine specific demethylase 1 (LSD1/KDM1A) plays a well-established role in the normal hematopoietic and neuronal stem cells. Overexpression of LSD1 has been documented in a variety of cancers, where the enzyme is, usually, associated with the more aggressive types of the disease. Interestingly, recent studies have implicated LSD1 in the regulation of the pool of CSCs in different leukemias and solid tumors. However, the precise mechanisms that LSD1 uses to mediate its effects on cancer stemness are largely unknown. Herein, we review the literature on LSD1's role in normal and cancer stem cells, highlighting the analogies of its mode of action in the two biological settings. Given its potential as a pharmacological target, we, also, discuss current advances in the design of novel therapeutic regimes in cancer that incorporate LSD1 inhibitors, as well as their future perspectives.
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33
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Verigos J, Karakaidos P, Kordias D, Papoudou-Bai A, Evangelou Z, Harissis HV, Klinakis A, Magklara A. The Histone Demethylase LSD1/ΚDM1A Mediates Chemoresistance in Breast Cancer via Regulation of a Stem Cell Program. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11101585. [PMID: 31627418 PMCID: PMC6827056 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in the female population, despite advances in diagnosis and treatment. The highly heterogeneous nature of the disease represents a major obstacle to successful therapy and results in a significant number of patients developing drug resistance and, eventually, suffering from tumor relapse. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small subset of tumor cells characterized by self-renewal, increased tumor-initiation capacity, and resistance to conventional therapies. As such, they have been implicated in the etiology of tumor recurrence and have emerged as promising targets for the development of novel therapies. Here, we show that the histone demethylase lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) plays an important role in the chemoresistance of breast cancer cells. Our data, from a series of in vitro and in vivo assays, advocate for LSD1 being critical in maintaining a pool of tumor-initiating cells that may contribute to the development of drug resistance. Combinatory administration of LSD1 inhibitors and anti-cancer drugs is more efficacious than monotherapy alone in eliminating all tumor cells in a 3D spheroid system. In conclusion, we provide compelling evidence that LSD1 is a key regulator of breast cancer stemness and a potential target for the design of future combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Verigos
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology-Foundation for Research and Technology, 45110 Ioannina, Greece.
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece.
| | - Panagiotis Karakaidos
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology-Foundation for Research and Technology, 45110 Ioannina, Greece.
- Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece.
| | - Dimitris Kordias
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology-Foundation for Research and Technology, 45110 Ioannina, Greece.
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece.
| | | | - Zoi Evangelou
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece.
| | | | | | - Angeliki Magklara
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology-Foundation for Research and Technology, 45110 Ioannina, Greece.
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece.
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34
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Ramírez-Ramírez R, Gutiérrez-Angulo M, Peregrina-Sandoval J, Moreno-Ortiz JM, Franco-Topete RA, Cerda-Camacho FDJ, Ayala-Madrigal MDLL. Somatic deletion of KDM1A/LSD1 gene is associated to advanced colorectal cancer stages. J Clin Pathol 2019; 73:107-111. [PMID: 31471467 PMCID: PMC7027028 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2019-206128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Aims KDM1A/LSD1 and ZNF217 are involved in a protein complex that participates in transcriptional regulation. ZNF217 has been analysed in numerous cancers and its amplification has been associated with advanced stages of disease; however, a similar role for KDM1A/LSD1 has not been uncovered. In this study, we estimated the number of KDM1A/LSD1 and ZNF217 gene copies in tissue samples from patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer (CRC), as well as its association with clinicopathological features in patients with CRC. Methods Paraffin-embedded tumour samples from 50 patients with CRC with a histopathological diagnosis of CRC were included. The number of copies of KDM1A/LSD1 and ZNF217 genes was determined by fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH). We also analysed the association between copy numbers of selected genes and clinicopathological data based on multivariate analysis. Results Deletion of the KDM1A/LSD1 gene occurred in 19 samples (38%), whereas ZNF217 gene amplification was identified in 11 samples (22%). We found a significant association between lymph node metastasis or advanced tumour stage and KDM1A/LSD1 gene deletion (p value=0.0003 and p value=0.011, respectively). Conclusions KDM1A/LSD1 gene deletion could be considered a novel prognostic biomarker of late-stage CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Ramírez-Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan, México
| | - Melva Gutiérrez-Angulo
- Departamento de Clínicas, Centro Universitario de los Altos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tepatitlán de Morelos, México.,Programa de Doctorado en Genética Humana, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
| | - Jorge Peregrina-Sandoval
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan, México.,Laboratorio de Patología Clínica, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara "Fray Antonio Alcalde", Guadalajara, México
| | - José Miguel Moreno-Ortiz
- Programa de Doctorado en Genética Humana, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México.,Instituto de Genética Humana "Dr. Enrique Corona Rivera", Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
| | - Ramon Antonio Franco-Topete
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara "Dr. Juan I Menchaca", Guadalajara, México.,Departamento de Microbiología y Patología, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
| | | | - Maria de la Luz Ayala-Madrigal
- Programa de Doctorado en Genética Humana, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México .,Instituto de Genética Humana "Dr. Enrique Corona Rivera", Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
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35
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Liu W, Payne SH, Ma S, Fenyö D. Extracting Pathway-level Signatures from Proteogenomic Data in Breast Cancer Using Independent Component Analysis. Mol Cell Proteomics 2019; 18:S169-S182. [PMID: 31213479 PMCID: PMC6692784 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.tir119.001442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in the multi-omics characterization necessitate knowledge integration across different data types that go beyond individual biomarker discovery. In this study, we apply independent component analysis (ICA) to human breast cancer proteogenomics data to retrieve mechanistic information. We show that as an unsupervised feature extraction method, ICA was able to construct signatures with known biological relevance on both transcriptome and proteome levels. Moreover, proteome and transcriptome signatures can be associated by their respective correlation with patient clinical features, providing an integrated description of phenotype-related biological processes. Our results demonstrate that the application of ICA to proteogenomics data could lead to pathway-level knowledge discovery. Potential extension of this approach to other data and cancer types may contribute to pan-cancer integration of multi-omics information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenke Liu
- Institute for System Genetics, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016
| | - Samuel H Payne
- Biology Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602
| | - Sisi Ma
- Institute for Health Informatics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455.
| | - David Fenyö
- Institute for System Genetics, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016.
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36
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Xu J, Zheng J, Wang J, Shao J. miR-876-5p suppresses breast cancer progression through targeting TFAP2A. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:1458-1464. [PMID: 31316633 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are widely expressed in human cells and closely associated with various types of cancer, including breast cancer. miR-876-5p has been indicated to participate in the tumorigenesis of certain types of cancer, such as hepatocellular carcinoma. Nevertheless, the roles of miR-876-5p in breast cancer remain unclear. In the present study, it was revealed that miR-876-5p expression levels were decreased in breast cancer cells compared with a normal cell line. miR-876-5p ectopic expression suppressed breast cancer cell proliferation and arrested progression of the cell cycle. In addition, miR-876-5p suppressed breast cancer cell migration and invasion. miR-876-5p was demonstrated to directly target transcription factor AP-2-α (TFAP2A) in breast cancer cells, and restoration of TFAP2A rescinded the suppressive role of miR-876-5p. In summary, the results from the present study provide evidence that miR-876-5p suppresses breast cancer progression by regulating cell proliferation, migration and invasion in a TFAP2A-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Fifth Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin 300450, P.R. China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Fifth Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin 300450, P.R. China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Fifth Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin 300450, P.R. China
| | - Jianping Shao
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Fifth Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin 300450, P.R. China
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Patel PO, Pishas KI, Taslim C, Selich-Anderson J, Theisen ER, Lessnick SL. Investigating the role of LSD2 as an epigenetic regulator in Ewing sarcoma. Oncotarget 2019; 10:3865-3878. [PMID: 31231465 PMCID: PMC6570473 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma is the second most common solid bone malignancy diagnosed in pediatric and young adolescent populations. Despite aggressive multi-modal treatment strategies, 5-year event-free survival remains at 75% for patients with localized disease and 20% for patients with metastases. Thus, the need for novel therapeutic options is imperative. Recent studies have focused on epigenetic misregulation in Ewing sarcoma development and potential new oncotargets for treatment. This project focused on the study of LSD2, a flavin-dependent histone demethylase found to be overexpressed in numerous cancers. We previously demonstrated that Ewing sarcoma cell lines are extremely susceptible to small molecule LSD1 blockade with SP-2509. Drug sensitivity correlated with the degree of LSD2 induction following treatment. As such, the purpose of this study was to determine the role of LSD2 in the epigenetic regulation of Ewing sarcoma, characterize genes regulated by LSD2, and examine the impact of SP-2509 drug treatment on LSD2 gene regulation. Genetic depletion (shRNA) of LSD2 significantly impaired oncogenic transformation with only a modest impact on proliferation. Transcriptional analysis of Ewing sarcoma cells following LSD2knockdown revealed modulation of genes primarily involved in metabolic regulation and nervous system development. Gene set enrichment analysis showed that SP-2509 does not impact LSD2 targeted genes. Although there are currently no small molecule agents that specifically target LSD2, our results support further investigations into agents that can inhibit this histone demethylase as a possible treatment for Ewing sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyal O Patel
- The Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology & Blood and Marrow Transplant, Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kathleen I Pishas
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Cenny Taslim
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Julia Selich-Anderson
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Emily R Theisen
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Stephen L Lessnick
- The Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology & Blood and Marrow Transplant, Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
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NCL1, A Highly Selective Lysine-Specific Demethylase 1 Inhibitor, Suppresses Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Growth via Regulation of Apoptosis and Autophagy. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8040442. [PMID: 30935141 PMCID: PMC6517972 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8040442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that epigenetic alterations lead to oncogenic activation, thus indicating that these are therapeutic targets. Herein, we analyzed the efficacy and therapeutic potential of our developed histone lysine demethylase 1 (LSD1) inhibitor, NCL1, in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). The CRPC cell lines 22Rv1, PC3, and PCai1CS were treated with NCL1, and LSD1 expression and cell viability were assessed. The epigenetic effects and mechanisms of NCL1 were also evaluated. CRPC cells showed strong LSD1 expression, and cell viability was decreased by NCL1 in a dose-dependent manner. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis indicated that NCL1 induced histone H3 lysine 9 dimethylation accumulation at promoters of P21. As shown by Western blot and flow cytometry analyses, NCL1 also dose-dependently induced caspase-dependent apoptosis. The stimulation of autophagy was observed in NCL1-treated 22Rv1 cells by transmission electron microscopy and LysoTracker analysis. Furthermore, WST-8 assay revealed that the anti-tumor effect of NCL1 was reinforced when autophagy was inhibited by chloroquine in 22Rv1 cells. Combination index analysis revealed that a concurrent use of these drugs had a synergistic effect. In ex vivo analysis, castrated nude mice were injected subcutaneously with PCai1 cells and intraperitoneally with NCL1. Tumor volume was found to be reduced with no adverse effects in NCL1-treated mice compared with controls. Finally, immunohistochemical analysis using consecutive human specimens in pre- and post-androgen deprivation therapy demonstrated that LSD1 expression levels in CRPC, including neuroendocrine differentiation cases, were very high, and identical to levels observed in previously examined prostate biopsy specimens. NCL1 effectively suppressed prostate cancer growth in vitro and ex vivo without adverse events via the regulation of apoptosis and autophagy, suggesting that NCL1 is a potential therapeutic agent for CRPC.
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Significant association between KDM1A promoter hypomethylation and colorectal cancer in Han Chinese. Pathol Res Pract 2018; 215:532-538. [PMID: 30638951 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A gene (KDM1A) promotes tumorigenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between KDM1A methylation and colorectal cancer (CRC). Currently, we collected 37 paired CRC tissues and adjacent non-tumor tissues from Jiangsu province and 75 paired CRC tissues and adjacent non-tumor tissues from Zhejiang province to conduct a two-stage experiment to study the association between KDM1A methylation and CRC. We used qMSP to measure the KDM1A promoter methylation, and the percentage of methylation reference (PMR) to quantify the KDM1A promoter methylation level. To investigate the effect of the selected KDM1A fragment on gene expression regulation, we also performed a dual luciferase reporter gene assay. In the stage I study, the KDM1A promoter methylation level in CRC tumor tissues was significantly lower than that in adjacent non-tumor tissues (median PMR: 6.93% vs 10.25%, P = 0.033). The results of the stage II study were similar to those of the stage I study (mean PMR: 12.94% versus 17.42%, P = 0.016). In addition, a clinical pathology subgroup analysis found that KDM1A hypomethylation was associated with CRC only in patients with well-differentiated CRC (stage I: P = 0.047; stage II: P = 0.040). The dual luciferase reporter assay showed that the transcriptional activity of the recombinant pGL3-KDM1A plasmid was significantly higher (fold change = 2, P = 0.0009). In conclusion, our results suggest that KDM1A hypomethylation is significantly associated with CRC.
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40
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Magliulo D, Bernardi R, Messina S. Lysine-Specific Demethylase 1A as a Promising Target in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Front Oncol 2018; 8:255. [PMID: 30073149 PMCID: PMC6060236 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous hematopoietic malignancy characterized by the accumulation of incompletely differentiated progenitor cells (blasts) in the bone marrow and blood, and by suppression of normal hematopoiesis. It has recently become apparent that the AML genome is characterized by recurrent mutations and dysregulations in epigenetic regulators. These mutations frequently occur before the onset of full blown leukemia, at the pre-leukemic phase, and persist in residual disease that remains after therapeutic intervention, thus suggesting that targeting the AML epigenome may help to eradicate minimal residual disease and prevent relapse. Within the AML epigenome, lysine-specific demethylase 1 A (LSD1) is a histone demethylase that is found frequently overexpressed, albeit not mutated, in AML. LSD1 is a required constituent of critical transcription repressor complexes like CoREST and nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase (NuRD), and abrogation of LSD1 expression results in impaired self-renewal and proliferation, and increased differentiation and apoptosis in AML models and primary cells, particularly in AMLs with MLL- and AML1-rearrangements, or erythroid and megakaryoblastic differentiation block. On this basis, a number of LSD1 inhibitors have been developed in the past decade, and few of them are currently being tested in clinical trials for patients with AML, along with other malignancies. To date, the most promising application of this therapeutic strategy appears to be combination therapy of LSD1 inhibitors with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) to reactivate myeloid differentiation in cells that are not spontaneously susceptible to ATRA treatment. In this review, we provide an overview of LSD1 function in normal hematopoiesis and leukemia, and of the current clinical application of LSD1 inhibitors for the treatment of patients with AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Magliulo
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Laboratory of Preclinical Models of Cancers, Division of Experimental Oncology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosa Bernardi
- Laboratory of Preclinical Models of Cancers, Division of Experimental Oncology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Samantha Messina
- Department of Human Sciences, Society and Health, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Cassino, Italy
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41
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Li C, Zhang J, Ma Z, Zhang F, Yu W. miR-19b serves as a prognostic biomarker of breast cancer and promotes tumor progression through PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:4087-4095. [PMID: 30038508 PMCID: PMC6052917 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s171043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in tumor progression of various human malignancies. MicroRNA-19b (miR-19b) has been described as serving a crucial role in tumorigenesis of breast cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression patterns, clinical value, and functional role of miR-19b in breast cancer. Methods Expression of miR-19b was estimated by quantitative real time PCR. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and Cox regression assay were performed to explore the prognostic value of miR-19b. The functional role of miR-19b was verified using cell experiments. Results Upregulated miR-19b expression was observed in breast cancer tissues and cells compared with the controls (all P<0.05). The miR-19b expression was associated with distant metastasis and TNM stage. The survival curves showed that high miR-19b was correlated with poor overall survival of the patients (log-rank P=0.002). Furthermore, miR-19b was proven to be an independent prognostic factor for patients. By using miR-19b mimic and inhibitor, cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were enhanced by miR-19b overexpression but were suppressed by reduction of miR-19b (all P<0.05). Besides, PI3K/AKT was demonstrated to be activated by miR-19b in breast cancer cells. Conclusion The overexpression of miR-19b serves as a candidate prognostic biomarker of breast cancer and may be involved in the tumor progression through PI3K/AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuansheng Li
- Department of General Surgery, Shanxian Central Hospital, Heze, Shandong, China,
| | - Jingwei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanxian Central Hospital, Heze, Shandong, China,
| | - Zhongliang Ma
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanxian Central Hospital, Heze, Shandong, China,
| | - Wenlong Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanxian Central Hospital, Heze, Shandong, China,
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Zhang L, Carnesecchi J, Cerutti C, Tribollet V, Périan S, Forcet C, Wong J, Vanacker JM. LSD1-ERRα complex requires NRF1 to positively regulate transcription and cell invasion. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10041. [PMID: 29968728 PMCID: PMC6030097 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27676-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) exerts dual effects on histone H3, promoting transcriptional repression via Lys4 (H3K4) demethylation or transcriptional activation through Lys9 (H3K9) demethylation. These activities are often exerted at transcriptional start sites (TSSs) and depend on the type of enhancer-bound transcription factor (TFs) with which LSD1 interacts. In particular, the Estrogen-Receptor Related α (ERRα) TF interacts with LSD1 and switches its activities toward H3K9 demethylation, resulting in transcriptional activation of a set of common target genes. However, how are the LSD1-TF and, in particular LSD1-ERRα, complexes determined to act at TSSs is not understood. Here we show that promoter-bound nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1), but not ERRα, is essential to LSD1 recruitment at the TSSs of positive LSD1-ERRα targets. In contrast to ERRα, NRF1 does not impact on the nature of LSD1 enzymatic activity. We propose a three factor model, in which the LSD1 histone modifier requires a TSS tethering factor (NRF1) as well as an activity inducer (ERRα) to transcriptionally activate common targets. The relevance of this common network is illustrated by functional data, showing that all three factors are required for cell invasion in an MMP1 (Matrix MetalloProtease 1)-dependent manner, the expression of which is regulated by NRF1/LSD1/ERRα-mediated H3K9me2 demethylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 32-34 Avenue Tony Garnier, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | - Julie Carnesecchi
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 32-34 Avenue Tony Garnier, F-69007, Lyon, France
- Department of Developmental Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Catherine Cerutti
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 32-34 Avenue Tony Garnier, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | - Violaine Tribollet
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 32-34 Avenue Tony Garnier, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | - Séverine Périan
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 32-34 Avenue Tony Garnier, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | - Christelle Forcet
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 32-34 Avenue Tony Garnier, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | - Jiemin Wong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jean-Marc Vanacker
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 32-34 Avenue Tony Garnier, F-69007, Lyon, France.
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Guo P, Chen W, Li H, Li M, Li L. The Histone Acetylation Modifications of Breast Cancer and their Therapeutic Implications. Pathol Oncol Res 2018; 24:807-813. [DOI: 10.1007/s12253-018-0433-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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44
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Hoang N, Zhang X, Zhang C, Vo V, Leng F, Saxena L, Yin F, Lu F, Zheng G, Bhowmik P, Zhang H. New histone demethylase LSD1 inhibitor selectively targets teratocarcinoma and embryonic carcinoma cells. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:1523-1537. [PMID: 29439916 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
LSD1/KDM1 is a histone demethylase that preferentially removes methyl groups from the mono- and di-methylated lysine 4 in histone H3 (H3K4), key marks for active chromatin for transcriptional activation. LSD1 is essential for pluripotent embryonic stem cells and embryonic teratocarcinoma/carcinoma cells and its expression is often elevated in various cancers. We developed a new LSD1 inhibitor, CBB3001, which potently inhibited LSD1 activity both in vitro and in vivo. CBB3001 also selectively inhibited the growth of human ovarian teratocarcinoma PA-1 and mouse embryonic carcinoma F9 cells, caused the downregulation of pluripotent stem cell proteins SOX2 and OCT4. However, CBB3001 does not have significant inhibition on the growth of human colorectal carcinoma HCT116 cells or mouse fibroblast NIH3T3 cells that do not express these stem cell proteins. Our studies strongly indicate that CBB3001 is a specific LSD1 inhibitor that selectively inhibits teratocarcinoma and embryonic carcinoma cells that express SOX2 and OCT4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam Hoang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Chunxiao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA; School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Van Vo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Feng Leng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA; School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Lovely Saxena
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Feng Yin
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Fei Lu
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Guangrong Zheng
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Pradip Bhowmik
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA.
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Liu X, Jiang Y, Nowak B, Qiang B, Cheng N, Chen Y, Plunkett W. Targeting BRCA1/2 deficient ovarian cancer with CNDAC-based drug combinations. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2018; 81:255-267. [PMID: 29189915 PMCID: PMC5777892 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-017-3483-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The mechanism of action of CNDAC (2'-C-cyano-2'-deoxy-1-β-D-arabino-pentofuranosyl-cytosine) is unique among deoxycytidine analogs because upon incorporation into DNA it causes a single strand break which is converted to a double strand break after DNA replication. This lesion requires homologous recombination (HR) for repair. CNDAC, as the parent nucleoside, DFP10917, and as an oral prodrug, sapacitabine, are undergoing clinical trials for hematological malignancies and solid tumors. The purpose of this study is to investigate the potential of CNDAC for the therapy of ovarian cancer (OC). METHODS Drug sensitivity was evaluated using a clonogenic survival assay. Drug combination effects were quantified by median effect analysis. RESULTS OC cells lacking function of the key HR genes, BRCA1 or BRCA2, were more sensitive to CNDAC than corresponding HR proficient cells. The sensitization was associated with greater levels of DNA damage in response to CNDAC at clinically achievable concentrations, manifested as chromosomal aberrations. Three classes of CNDAC-based drug combinations were investigated. First, the PARP1 inhibitors, rucaparib and talazoparib, were selectively synergistic with CNDAC in BRCA1/2 deficient OC cells (combination index < 1) at a relatively low concentration range. Second, cisplatin and oxaliplatin had additive combination effects with CNDAC (combination index ~ 1). Finally, paclitaxel and docetaxel achieved additive cell-killing effects with CNDAC at concentration ranges of the taxanes similar for both BRCA1/2 deficient and proficient OC cells. CONCLUSIONS This study provides mechanistic rationales for combining CNDAC with PARP inhibitors, platinum compounds and taxanes in ovarian cancer lacking BRCA1/2 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Liu
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1901 East Road, 77054, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yingjun Jiang
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1901 East Road, 77054, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Billie Nowak
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1901 East Road, 77054, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bethany Qiang
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1901 East Road, 77054, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nancy Cheng
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1901 East Road, 77054, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yuling Chen
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1901 East Road, 77054, Houston, TX, USA
| | - William Plunkett
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1901 East Road, 77054, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 77030, Houston, TX, USA.
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Carnesecchi J, Cerutti C, Vanacker JM, Forcet C. ERRα protein is stabilized by LSD1 in a demethylation-independent manner. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188871. [PMID: 29190800 PMCID: PMC5708767 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The LSD1 histone demethylase is highly expressed in breast tumors where it constitutes a factor of poor prognosis and promotes traits of cancer aggressiveness such as cell invasiveness. Recent work has shown that the Estrogen-Related Receptor α (ERRα) induces LSD1 to demethylate the Lys 9 of histone H3. This results in the transcriptional activation of a number of common target genes, several of which being involved in cellular invasion. High expression of ERRα protein is also a factor of poor prognosis in breast tumors. Here we show that, independently of its demethylase activities, LSD1 protects ERRα from ubiquitination, resulting in overexpression of the latter protein. Our data also suggests that the elevation of LSD1 mRNA and protein in breast cancer (as compared to normal tissue) may be a key event to increase ERRα protein, independently of its corresponding mRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Carnesecchi
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon I, CNRS UMR5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Catherine Cerutti
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon I, CNRS UMR5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Marc Vanacker
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon I, CNRS UMR5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Christelle Forcet
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon I, CNRS UMR5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
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Yoshie H, Sedukhina AS, Minagawa K, Oda K, Ohnuma S, Yanagisawa N, Maeda I, Takagi M, Kudo H, Nakazawa R, Sasaki H, Kumai T, Chikaraishi T, Sato K. A bioinformatics-to-clinic sequential approach to analysis of prostate cancer biomarkers using TCGA datasets and clinical samples: a new method for precision oncology? Oncotarget 2017; 8:99601-99611. [PMID: 29245927 PMCID: PMC5725118 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomarker-driven cancer therapy has met with significant clinical success. Identification of a biomarker implicated in a malignant phenotype and linked to poor clinical outcome is required if we are to develop these types of therapies. A subset of prostate adenocarcinoma (PACa) cases are treatment-resistant, making them an attractive target for such an approach. To identify target molecules implicated in shorter survival of patients with PACa, we established a bioinformatics-to-clinic sequential analysis approach, beginning with 2-step in silico analysis of a TCGA dataset for localized PACa. The effect of candidate genes identified by in silico analysis on survival was then assessed using biopsy specimens taken at the time of initial diagnosis of localized and metastatic PACa. We identified PEG10 as a candidate biomarker. Data from clinical samples suggested that increased expression of PEG10 at the time of initial diagnosis was linked to shorter survival time. Interestingly, PEG10 overexpression also correlated with expression of chromogranin A and synaptophysin, markers for neuroendocrine prostate cancer, a type of treatment-resistant prostate cancer. These results indicate that PEG10 is a novel biomarker for shorter survival of patients with PACa. Also, PEG10 expression at the time of initial diagnosis may predict focal neuroendocrine differentiation of PACa. Thus, PEG10 may be an attractive target for biomarker-driven cancer therapy. Thus, bioinformatics-to-clinic sequential analysis is a valid tool for identifying targets for precision oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidekazu Yoshie
- Department of Pharmacogenomics, St. Marianna University, Kawasaki, Japan.,Department of Urology, St. Marianna University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Anna S Sedukhina
- Department of Pharmacogenomics, St. Marianna University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Kimino Minagawa
- Department of Pharmacogenomics, St. Marianna University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Keiko Oda
- Department of Pharmacogenomics, St. Marianna University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Shigeko Ohnuma
- Department of Pathology, St. Marianna University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | | | - Ichiro Maeda
- Department of Pathology, St. Marianna University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Masayuki Takagi
- Department of Pathology, St. Marianna University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Hiroya Kudo
- Department of Urology, St. Marianna University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Ryuto Nakazawa
- Department of Urology, St. Marianna University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Hideo Sasaki
- Department of Urology, St. Marianna University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Toshio Kumai
- Department of Pharmacogenomics, St. Marianna University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | | | - Ko Sato
- Department of Pharmacogenomics, St. Marianna University, Kawasaki, Japan
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48
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Abdel-Hafiz HA. Epigenetic Mechanisms of Tamoxifen Resistance in Luminal Breast Cancer. Diseases 2017; 5:E16. [PMID: 28933369 PMCID: PMC5622332 DOI: 10.3390/diseases5030016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers and the second leading cause of cancer death in the United States. Estrogen receptor (ER)-positive cancer is the most frequent subtype representing more than 70% of breast cancers. These tumors respond to endocrine therapy targeting the ER pathway including selective ER modulators (SERMs), selective ER downregulators (SERDs) and aromatase inhibitors (AIs). However, resistance to endocrine therapy associated with disease progression remains a significant therapeutic challenge. The precise mechanisms of endocrine resistance remain unclear. This is partly due to the complexity of the signaling pathways that influence the estrogen-mediated regulation in breast cancer. Mechanisms include ER modifications, alteration of coregulatory function and modification of growth factor signaling pathways. In this review, we provide an overview of epigenetic mechanisms of tamoxifen resistance in ER-positive luminal breast cancer. We highlight the effect of epigenetic changes on some of the key mechanisms involved in tamoxifen resistance, such as tumor-cell heterogeneity, ER signaling pathway and cancer stem cells (CSCs). It became increasingly recognized that CSCs are playing an important role in driving metastasis and tamoxifen resistance. Understanding the mechanism of tamoxifen resistance will provide insight into the design of novel strategies to overcome the resistance and make further improvements in breast cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany A Abdel-Hafiz
- Department of Medicine/Endocrinology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Ms 8106 PO Box 6511, 12801 E 17th Avenue, Aurora, Denver, CO 80010, USA; Tel.: +1-303-724-1013; Fax: +1-303-724-3920.
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Novel potent inhibitors of the histone demethylase KDM1A (LSD1), orally active in a murine promyelocitic leukemia model. Future Med Chem 2017; 9:1161-1174. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2017-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Histone lysine demethylases (KDMs) are well-recognized targets in oncology drug discovery. They function at the post-translation level controlling chromatin conformation and gene transcription. KDM1A is a flavin adenine dinucleotide-dependent amine oxidase, overexpressed in several tumor types, including acute myeloid leukemia, neuroblastoma and non-small-cell lung cancer. Among the many known monoamine oxidase inhibitors screened for KDM1A inhibition, tranylcypromine emerged as a moderately active hit, which irreversibly binds to the flavin adenine dinucleotide cofactor. Material & methods: The KDM1A inhibitors 5a–w were synthesized and tested in vitro and in vivo. The biochemical potency was determined, modulation of target in cells was demonstrated on KDM1A-dependent genes and the anti-clonogenic activity was performed in murine acute promyelocytic Leukemia (APL) blasts. An in vivo efficacy experiment was conducted using an established murine promyelocytic leukemia model. Results: We report a new series of tranylcypromine derivatives substituted on the cyclopropyl moiety, endowed with high potency in both biochemical and cellular assays. Conclusion: The most interesting derivative (5a) significantly improved survival rate after oral administration in a murine model of promyelocitic leukemia.
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50
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Voon DC, Huang RY, Jackson RA, Thiery JP. The EMT spectrum and therapeutic opportunities. Mol Oncol 2017; 11:878-891. [PMID: 28544151 PMCID: PMC5496500 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Carcinomas are phenotypically arrayed along an epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) spectrum, a developmental program currently exploited to understand the acquisition of drug resistance through a re‐routing of growth factor signaling. This review collates the current approaches employed in developing therapeutics against cancer‐associated EMT, and provides an assessment of their respective strengths and drawbacks. We reflect on the close relationship between EMT and chemoresistance against current targeted therapeutics, with a special focus on the epigenetic mechanisms that link these processes. This prompts the hypothesis that carcinoma‐associated EMT shares a common epigenetic pathway to cellular plasticity as somatic cell reprogramming during tissue repair and regeneration. Indeed, their striking resemblance suggests that EMT in carcinoma is a pathological adaptation of an intrinsic program of cellular plasticity that is crucial to tissue homeostasis. We thus propose a revised approach that targets the epigenetic mechanisms underlying pathogenic EMT to arrest cellular plasticity regardless of upstream cancer‐driving mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic C Voon
- Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan.,Division of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Ruby Y Huang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rebecca A Jackson
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jean P Thiery
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Inserm Unit 1186 Comprehensive Cancer Center, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,CNRS UMR 7057 Matter and Complex Systems, University Paris Denis Diderot, Paris, France
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