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Spence C, Zhang T. Multisensory contributions to skin-cosmetic product interactions. Int J Cosmet Sci 2024. [PMID: 38761125 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
The human face is one of the most salient regions of the body surface. Ratings of facial attractiveness, as well as judgements of a person's age, are influenced by the appearance of facial skin (not to mention the presence/absence of wrinkles). Unsurprisingly, many consumers spend huge amounts of money on trying to protect, maintain, and/or enhance their facial appearance. As highlighted by the evidence presented in this narrative review, both the skin and the cosmetic products that many consumers use are fundamentally multisensory in nature. The complex interaction between the particular skin site stimulated and the multisensory attributes of the product (e.g., when it is applied) can exert a number of effects on an individual's mood, their emotions, as well as on their self-perception (and self-confidence), over-and-above any functional effects that the cream or lotion may have on the skin itself. In this narrative historical review, the literature on the multisensory perception of facial skin is summarized and critically evaluated. Multisensory interactions taking place between the cosmetic product, its packaging, as well as its use/application at the sensory, cognitive, and emotional levels are all discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Spence
- Department of Experimental Psychology, New Radcliffe House, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tianyi Zhang
- Department of Experimental Psychology, New Radcliffe House, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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2
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Saulnier KG, Saulnier SJ, Allan NP. Cognitive risk factors and the experience of acute anxiety following social stressors: An ecological momentary assessment study. J Anxiety Disord 2022; 88:102571. [PMID: 35487044 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2022.102571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To better understand how social anxiety develops, it is crucial to identify mechanisms that influence anxiety following social stressors. Anxiety sensitivity social concerns (ASSC; fear of publicly observable anxiety symptoms) and fear of negative evaluation (FNE; distress arising from concerns about negative judgment) are constructs that amplify anxiety following social stressors. However, it is unclear how ASSC and FNE influence acute anxiety following stressors in naturalistic settings. In the current study, the impact of ASSC and FNE on anxious arousal and anxious apprehension following stressors was examined in community adults (N = 83; M age = 29.66 years, SD = 12.49, 59.0% female) who completed questionnaires five times per day for two-weeks. Dynamic structural equation modeling was used to examine predictors of overall levels of anxiety as well as anxiety following social and nonsocial stressors. ASSC interacted with the presence of social stressors, such that ASSC positively predicted anxious arousal following social stressors. FNE interacted with the presence of nonsocial stressors to predict both forms of anxiety, such that FNE positively predicted anxiety following nonsocial stressors. These findings suggest ASSC may specifically amplify anxious arousal following social stressors, whereas FNE may broadly amplify anxiety following nonsocial stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shelby J Saulnier
- Department of Adolescent Medicine, Akron Children's Hospital, Akron, OH, USA
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3
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Eisma MC, Franzen M, Paauw M, Bleeker A, Aan Het Rot M. Rumination, worry and negative and positive affect in prolonged grief: A daily diary study. Clin Psychol Psychother 2021; 29:299-312. [PMID: 34170063 PMCID: PMC9291980 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
After bereavement, a significant minority experiences severe, persistent, and disabling grief, termed prolonged grief or complicated grief. Prolonged grief treatments may be enhanced by improving understanding of malleable risk factors in post‐loss psychological adaptation. Repetitive negative thought (e.g., rumination, worry) constitutes such a risk factor. Rumination and worry are both theorized to be maladaptive through interrelations with affect, yet this assumption has not been systematically investigated in the bereaved. We aimed to fill this gap in knowledge with a baseline survey and 10‐day daily diary investigation among a bereaved sample. Survey between‐subject analyses (N = 113) demonstrated that trait rumination and worry, trait negative affect and prolonged grief symptoms are positively related to each other and negatively related with trait positive affect. Within‐subject multilevel analyses of diaries (N = 62) demonstrated that trait rumination and trait worry relate positively to daily negative affect and negatively to daily positive affect. Daily rumination and worry showed similar relationships with daily negative and positive affect. A stronger relationship emerged between daily rumination and daily negative affect in people with higher prolonged grief symptom levels. Findings consistently support interrelations between repetitive negative thought, affect, and prolonged grief symptoms. Rumination appears particularly detrimental in people with severe grief reactions. Results align with research demonstrating the effectiveness of targeting repetitive negative thought in prolonged grief treatments. Additionally, our study demonstrates the potential feasibility and usefulness of using daily diaries to study behaviours of relevance to post‐loss adaptation in everyday life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten C Eisma
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Minita Franzen
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mabel Paauw
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anke Bleeker
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marije Aan Het Rot
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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4
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Drummond PD, Gatt SJ. Early maladaptive schemas in people with a fear of blushing. CLIN PSYCHOL-UK 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/cp.12114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter D. Drummond
- School of Psychology and Exercise Science, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia,
| | - Sally J. Gatt
- School of Psychology and Exercise Science, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia,
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5
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Cremers J, Pennings HJM, Mainhard T, Klugkist I. Circular Modelling of Circumplex Measurements for Interpersonal Behavior. Assessment 2019; 28:585-600. [PMID: 31257905 PMCID: PMC7883006 DOI: 10.1177/1073191119858407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This article describes a new way to analyze data from the interpersonal circumplex (IPC) for interpersonal behavior. Instead of analyzing Agency and Communion separately or analyzing the IPC’s octants, we propose using a circular regression model that allows us to investigate effects on a blend of Agency and Communion. The proposed circular model is called a projected normal (PN) model. We illustrate the use of a PN mixed-effects model on three repeated measures data sets with circumplex measurements from interpersonal and educational psychology. This model allows us to detect different types of patterns in the data and provides a more valid analysis of circumplex data. In addition to being able to investigate the effect on the location (mean) of scores on the IPC, we can also investigate effects on the spread (variance) of scores on the IPC. We also introduce new tools that help interpret the fixed and random effects of PN models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolien Cremers
- University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Irene Klugkist
- Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Irene Klugkist, Department of Methodology and Statistics, Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 14, Utrecht 3584 CH, Netherlands.
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6
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Drummond PD, Lester B. Loratadine augments emotional blushing. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2018; 28:1284-1288. [PMID: 30153954 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine whether loratadine, a selective inverse agonist of peripheral histamine H1 receptors, would reduce emotional blushing. Loratadine (10 mg) or placebo was administered orally one hour before 31 healthy participants sang a children's nursery rhyme to evoke embarrassment and blushing. Skin blood flow was monitored via a laser Doppler probe attached to the cheek. Increases in facial blood flow while participants sang were greater in the loratadine than the placebo group (mean increase ± standard deviation 71 ± 52% in the loratadine group versus 35 ± 37%, p = .036). However, perceptions of blushing were similar in both groups. These findings suggest that loratadine augmented blushing rather than inhibiting it. Thus, histamine released during blushing may inhibit acute increases in facial blood flow by evoking H1 receptor-mediated vasoconstriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter D Drummond
- School of Psychology and Exercise Science, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Bronwyn Lester
- School of Psychology and Exercise Science, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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7
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Brummelman E, Nikolić M, Bögels SM. What's in a blush? Physiological blushing reveals narcissistic children's social-evaluative concerns. Psychophysiology 2018; 55:e13201. [DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eddie Brummelman
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam the Netherlands
- Department of Psychology; Stanford University; Stanford California USA
| | - Milica Nikolić
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Susan M. Bögels
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam the Netherlands
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Franzen M, Sadikaj G, Moskowitz DS, Ostafin BD, Aan Het Rot M. Intra- and Interindividual Variability in the Behavioral, Affective, and Perceptual Effects of Alcohol Consumption in a Social Context. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2018; 42:952-961. [PMID: 29611874 PMCID: PMC5947130 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We examined the influence of interindividual differences in alcohol use on the intraindividual associations of drinking occurrence with interpersonal behaviors, affect, and perceptions of others during naturally occurring social interactions. METHODS For 14 consecutive days, 219 psychology freshmen (55% female; Mage = 20.7 years, SD = 2.18) recorded their behaviors, affect, and perceptions in social interactions soon after an interpersonal event occurred. Interpersonal behaviors and perceptions were assessed in terms of dominance-submissiveness and agreeableness-quarrelsomeness. Participants also reported the number of alcoholic drinks consumed within 3 hours of each interaction. We considered the intraindividual associations of (i) having a drinking episode and (ii) the number of drinks during an episode with behaviors, affect, and perceptions and examined interindividual differences in drinking frequency and intensity during social interactions as potential moderators of these associations. RESULTS Social drinking frequency and intensity moderated the associations between drinking episode and behaviors, affect, and perceptions in social interactions. During a drinking episode, more frequent social drinkers perceived others as more dominant than less frequent social drinkers. During a drinking episode in which more alcohol was consumed than usual, more frequent social drinkers also reported behaving more dominantly and experiencing less pleasant affect. CONCLUSIONS As more frequent social drinkers had different interpersonal responses to drinking than less frequent social drinkers, including when they had consumed larger amounts of alcohol than usual, our results suggest a differential susceptibility to the effects of alcohol during naturally occurring social interactions among drinkers with varying drinking frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minita Franzen
- Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Gentiana Sadikaj
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Brian D Ostafin
- Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marije Aan Het Rot
- Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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Dijk C, de Jong PJ, Peters ML. Judgmental Biases of Individuals with a Fear of Blushing: The Role of Relatively Strict Social Norms. Clin Psychol Psychother 2016; 23:176-82. [DOI: 10.1002/cpp.1958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Corine Dijk
- Programme Group Clinical Psychology; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Peter J. de Jong
- Department Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology; University of Groningen; Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Madelon L. Peters
- Psychology and Neuroscience, Clinical Psychological Science, Behavioural Medicine; Maastricht University; Maastricht The Netherlands
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10
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Crozier WR. The Blush: Literary and Psychological Perspectives. JOURNAL FOR THE THEORY OF SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jtsb.12105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. Ray Crozier
- School of Social Sciences; Cardiff University; Glamorgan Building King Edward VII Avenue Cardiff CF10 3WT United Kingdom
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11
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Correction: Intrapersonal and Interpersonal Concomitants of Facial Blushing during Everyday Social Encounters. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128726. [PMID: 26010535 PMCID: PMC4444204 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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