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Hajek A, Posi G, König HH. Chronic loneliness and chronic social isolation among older adults: a study protocol for a systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e080399. [PMID: 38580366 PMCID: PMC11002424 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-080399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There are around 20 studies identifying the prevalence of chronic loneliness and chronic social isolation in older adults. However, there is an absence of a systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression that consolidates the available observational studies. Therefore, our objective was to address this knowledge gap. Here, we present the study protocol for this upcoming work. Such knowledge can help in addressing older individuals at risk for chronic loneliness and chronic social isolation. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Established electronic databases will be searched. Observational studies reporting the prevalence of chronic loneliness and chronic social isolation among individuals aged 60 years and over will be included. Disease-specific samples will be excluded. The focus of data extraction will be on methods, sample characteristics and key findings. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) standardised critical appraisal instrument for prevalence studies will be used for assessing the quality of the studies. Two reviewers will be responsible for carrying out the study selection, data extraction and assessment of study quality. The results will be presented through the use of figures, tables, narrative summaries and a meta-analysis and meta-regression. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION No primary data will be collected. Thus, there is no need for approval from an ethics committee. We intend to share our results through publication in a peer-reviewed journal.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Hajek
- Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Giuliana Posi
- Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Helmut König
- Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Lu Q, Qu L, Xie C, Shu Y, Gao F, Zou M, Fan X, Luo X, Meng J, Xue Y, Cao Y. Relationship between social isolation and glycaemic control of people previously diagnosed with diabetes: secondary analysis from the CHARLS. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e076106. [PMID: 38508640 PMCID: PMC10953297 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-076106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Social isolation may affect diabetes self-management. This study aimed to explore the relations between social isolation and glycaemic control in patients with diabetes and to explore lifestyle differences among individuals with different levels of social isolation. METHODS The relevant data of 665 people previously diagnosed with diabetes included in the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study from 2011 to 2015 were extracted and analysed. The study included patient general information, blood glucose, lipids, glycosylated haemoglobin, social isolation index, health-related lifestyle factors and diabetes-related factors. Differences in metabolic abnormalities and modifiable lifestyles were compared among patients with varying levels of social isolation. RESULTS Multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated that among men aged 45-64 years, the high social isolation group had significantly higher glycosylated haemoglobin levels compared with the low isolation group (7.29±1.81 vs 6.59±1.63, p=0.026). A positive correlation was observed between social isolation and blood glucose (β=14.16; 95% CI 2.75 to 25.57; p=0.015) and glycosylated haemoglobin (β=0.35; 95% CI 0.10 to 0.60; p=0.006), indicating that higher social isolation was associated with higher fasting blood glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin levels. However, no significant associations were observed in other age groups. Notably, men aged 45-65 years with high social isolation had higher depression rates (44.10% vs 24.60%, p=0.024), lower engagement in moderate exercise (5.70% vs 23.50%, p=0.019) and shorter 10-minute walks (17.10% vs 36.80%, p=0.027). Differences in other health-related and diabetes-related factors were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION Middle-aged men with diabetes with higher social isolation tend to have higher blood glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin levels. This subset of patients requires targeted attention to provide social support from family and friends for improved glycaemic control. If necessary, education on diabetes should be made available to family members and friends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuping Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital ,School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Foshan City, Guangdong, China
| | - Liyuan Qu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Cuihua Xie
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi Shu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital ,School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Foshan City, Guangdong, China
| | - Fang Gao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mengchen Zou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinzhao Fan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiangrong Luo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianfu Meng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yaoming Xue
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Cao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Rathbone A, Cartwright N, Cummings L, Noble R, Budaiova K, Ashton M, Foster J, Payne B, Duncan S. Exploring young people's attitudes to HIV prevention medication (PrEP) in England: a qualitative study. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e077733. [PMID: 38503414 PMCID: PMC10953311 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-077733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Young people aged 18-24 years old are a key demographic target for eliminating HIV transmission globally. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), a prevention medication, reduces HIV transmission. Despite good uptake by gay and bisexual men who have sex with men, hesitancy to use PrEP has been observed in other groups, such as young people and people from ethnic minority backgrounds. The aim of this study was to explore young people's perceptions and attitudes to using PrEP. DESIGN A qualitative transcendental phenomenological design was used. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING A convenience sample of 24 young people aged between 18 and 24 years was recruited from England. METHODS Semistructured interviews and graphical elicitation were used to collect data including questions about current experiences of HIV care, awareness of using PrEP and decision-making about accessing PrEP. Thematic and visual analyses were used to identify findings. RESULTS Young people had good levels of knowledge about HIV but poor understanding of using PrEP. In this information vacuum, negative stigma and stereotypes about HIV and homosexuality were transferred to using PrEP, which were reinforced by cultural norms portrayed on social media, television and film-such as an association between using PrEP and being a promiscuous, white, gay male. In addition, young people from ethnic minority communities appeared to have negative attitudes to PrEP use, compared with ethnic majority counterparts. This meant these young people in our study were unable to make decisions about when and how to use PrEP. CONCLUSION Findings indicate an information vacuum for young people regarding PrEP. A strength of the study is that theoretical data saturation was reached. A limitation of the study is participants were largely from Northern England, which has low prevalence of HIV. Further work is required to explore the information needs of young people in relation to PrEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Rathbone
- Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Mark Ashton
- Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Jonathan Foster
- Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Sarah Duncan
- Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Nouwens SPH, Veldwijk J, Pilli L, Swait JD, Coast J, de Bekker-Grob EW. A socially interdependent choice framework for social influences in healthcare decision-making: a study protocol. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e079768. [PMID: 38458790 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-079768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Current choice models in healthcare (and beyond) can provide suboptimal predictions of healthcare users' decisions. One reason for such inaccuracy is that standard microeconomic theory assumes that decisions of healthcare users are made in a social vacuum. Healthcare choices, however, can in fact be (entirely) socially determined. To achieve more accurate choice predictions within healthcare and therefore better policy decisions, the social influences that affect healthcare user decision-making need to be identified and explicitly integrated into choice models. The purpose of this study is to develop a socially interdependent choice framework of healthcare user decision-making. DESIGN A mixed-methods approach will be used. A systematic literature review will be conducted that identifies the social influences on healthcare user decision-making. Based on the outcomes of a systematic literature review, an interview guide will be developed that assesses which, and how, social influences affect healthcare user decision-making in four different medical fields. This guide will be used during two exploratory focus groups to assess the engagement of participants and clarity of questions and probes. The refined interview guide will be used to conduct the semistructured interviews with healthcare professionals and users. These interviews will explore in detail which, and how, social influences affect healthcare user decision-making. Focus group and interview transcripts will be analysed iteratively using a constant comparative approach based on a mix of inductive and deductive coding. Based on the outcomes, a social influence independent choice framework for healthcare user decision-making will be drafted. Finally, the Delphi technique will be employed to achieve consensus about the final version of this choice framework. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study was approved by the Erasmus School of Health Policy and Management Research Ethics Review Committee (ESHPM, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; reference ETH2122-0666).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven P H Nouwens
- Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam Erasmus School of Health Policy and Management, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Erasmus Choice Modeling Centre, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Erasmus Centre for Health Economics, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jorien Veldwijk
- Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam Erasmus School of Health Policy and Management, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Erasmus Choice Modeling Centre, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Erasmus Centre for Health Economics, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Luis Pilli
- Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam Erasmus School of Health Policy and Management, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Erasmus Choice Modeling Centre, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Erasmus Centre for Health Economics, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joffre D Swait
- Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam Erasmus School of Health Policy and Management, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Erasmus Choice Modeling Centre, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Erasmus Centre for Health Economics, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joanna Coast
- Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Esther W de Bekker-Grob
- Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam Erasmus School of Health Policy and Management, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Erasmus Choice Modeling Centre, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Erasmus Centre for Health Economics, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Murray C, Coyle B, Morgan H, Marder I, Woods D, Haughey T, Maycock M, Genovesi F, Meek R, Parker A, Smith A, Kay C, Brink G, Rovers H, Haudenhuyse R, Roe D, Contreras-Osorio F, Donohue B, Bohall G, Martinez N, Martos-Garcia D, Whitley M, Norman M, Demalija R, Sherry E, Chitsawang N, Adebayo Aderonmu K, Breslin G. International consensus statement on the design, delivery and evaluation of sport-based interventions aimed at promoting social, psychological and physical well-being in prison. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e075792. [PMID: 38296285 PMCID: PMC10828872 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-075792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop an international consensus statement to advise on designing, delivering and evaluating sport-based interventions (SBIs) aimed at promoting social, psychological and physical well-being in prison. DESIGN Modified Delphi using two rounds of survey questionnaires and two consensus workshops. PARTICIPANTS A multidisciplinary panel of more than 40 experts from 15 international jurisdictions was formed, including representation from the following groups and stakeholders: professionals working in the justice system; officials from sport federations and organisations; academics with research experience of prisons, secure forensic mental health settings and SBIs; and policy-makers in criminal justice and sport. RESULTS A core research team and advisory board developed the initial rationale, statement and survey. This survey produced qualitative data which was analysed thematically. The findings were presented at an in-person workshop. Panellists discussed the findings, and, using a modified nominal group technique, reached a consensus on objectives to be included in a revised statement. The core research team and advisory board revised the statement and recirculated it with a second survey. Findings from the second survey were discussed at a second, virtual, workshop. The core research team and advisory board further revised the consensus statement and recirculated it asking panellists for further comments. This iterative process resulted in seven final statement items; all participants have confirmed that they agreed with the content, objectives and recommendations of the final statement. CONCLUSIONS The statement can be used to assist those that design, deliver and evaluate SBIs by providing guidance on: (1) minimum levels of competence for those designing and delivering SBIs; (2) the design and delivery of inclusive programmes prioritising disadvantaged groups; and (3) evaluation measures which are carefully calibrated both to capture proposed programme outcomes and to advance an understanding of the systems, processes and experiences of sport engagement in prison.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - David Woods
- Ulster University-Belfast Campus, Belfast, UK
| | | | - Matthew Maycock
- University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
- Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Rosie Meek
- Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, UK
| | - Andrew Parker
- University of Gloucestershire, Cheltenham, Gloucestershire, UK
| | | | - Chris Kay
- Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Gerko Brink
- Nederlandse Ministerie van Veiligheid en Justitie, Den Haag, The Netherlands
| | - Hubert Rovers
- European Football for Development Network, Breda, The Netherlands
| | | | - Daniel Roe
- Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences GIH, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Greg Bohall
- Chicago School of Professional Psychology - Downtown Los Angeles Campus, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | | | - Meredith Whitley
- Adelphi University, Garden City, New York, USA
- Centre for Sport Leadership, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Mark Norman
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Emma Sherry
- Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
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Shortland DL, Fazil Q, Hallett N, Lavis A. Protocol for a scoping review of how people with ME/CFS use the internet. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e076904. [PMID: 38286699 PMCID: PMC10826554 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-076904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME) is a chronic neurological illness affecting many bodily systems, commonly the nervous and immune systems. Also known as chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), key symptoms are extreme fatigue, post-exertional malaise, cognitive problems and sleep disturbance. With reported higher levels of online activity for people with ME/CFS than other patient groups (Westerby 2013 cited in Ytre-Arne) it is crucial to gain more knowledge of usage characteristics and experience of online use, and its integration into everyday life. This scoping review protocol details the proposed methods for gaining insight into this little known phenomenon. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This review uses the methodological framework for conducting a scoping review by Arksey and O'Malley, with further guidance by Levac et al, and the Joanna Briggs Institute. It also refers to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols reporting guidelines. The following bibliographic databases will be searched: Embase, Medline, PsychINFO, Cinahl, AMED, and ASSIA, plus Web of Science, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global, Scopus, and Google Scholar for grey literature. Reference lists of included papers will be studied. Two reviewers will independently screen title abstracts, and then full text of studies against inclusion criteria. Remaining studies will be quality assessed using appropriate critical appraisal tools. Findings will be charted and mapped to gain in-depth knowledge of the use of the internet in people with ME/CFS. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The findings from this review will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publication and a report for leading charities of ME/CFS. The review will collect secondary data only and therefore does not need ethical approval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Louise Shortland
- Institute of Applied Health Research, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Birmingham Edgbaston Campus, Spalding, UK
| | - Qulsom Fazil
- Institute of Applied Health Research, School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Nutmeg Hallett
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Anna Lavis
- Institute of Applied Health Research, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Rahmaty Z, Manning JC, Perez MH, Ramelet AS. Post Intensive Care Syndrome in Swiss Paediatric survivors and their Families (PICSS-PF): a national, multicentre, longitudinal study protocol. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e076023. [PMID: 38011965 PMCID: PMC10685943 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-076023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Paediatric intensive care units (PICUs) survivors and their families often experience widespread morbidity and psychosocial consequences after discharge, known as post-intensive care syndrome in paediatrics (PICS-p). In Switzerland, more than 5000 children are admitted to PICUs each year, and despite the high survival rate, there are no data on post-PICU recovery. This study aims to investigate PICS in children and families and identify its associated factors. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This is a national, multicentre, longitudinal, observational study that includes PICU survivors, main family caregivers and siblings (n=1300) recruited from the eight Swiss accredited PICUs with follow-up at discharge, 1, 3 and 6 months after discharge from the PICU. Data will be collected on the domains of physical, emotional, social and cognitive health, as well as factors affecting the outcome related to demographics, clinical specification, PICU and family environment, as well as community and social resources. Structural equation models and growth mixture models will analyse the outcomes, and the heterogeneity of recovery that shed light on the diverse recovery experiences of children and their families. The study identifies risk and protective factors with a focus on the influence of social and familial resources. It will also explore the mutual impact of the child's recovery and parent/sibling psychosocial health. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The protocol is approved by the CER-VD ethics committee. Participants will be provided with verbal and written explanations of the study, and their privacy and anonymity will be protected throughout the process. The results will be presented at local and international conferences. APPROVAL NUMBER Swiss ethics committees ID: 2022-02128, representing the eight cantons for both French and German-speaking parts of Switzerland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Rahmaty
- Institute of Higher Education and Research in Healthcare, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- IUFRS, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Joseph C Manning
- School of Healthcare, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Nottingham Children's Hospital, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Maria-Helene Perez
- Woman-Mother-Infant Department, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anne-Sylvie Ramelet
- Institute of Higher Education and Research in Healthcare, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Woman-Mother-Infant Department, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Kausto J, Gluschkoff K, Poutanen J, Wikström M, Joensuu M. Associations between the Abilitator, a self-reported measurement tool of work ability and functioning, and national register-based indicators of health and employment. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e075354. [PMID: 37963687 PMCID: PMC10649707 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-075354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The Abilitator is a recently developed self-reported measurement tool for work ability and functioning of people in a weak labour market position. The aim of this study was to describe how self-reported information gathered with the Abilitator corresponds to information drawn from national registers. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Participants (n=669, mean age 44 years, 55% women) took part in the Work Ability Programme (2020-2023) that provided services for unemployed people with reduced work ability. They filled in the Abilitator questionnaire at the start of the service. Register-based data on participants' health, income and received benefits was drawn from national registers. We evaluated how the different types of indicators concurred. RESULTS Statistically significant correlations (from weak to moderate) were found between different domains of the Abilitator and register-based data. Also, participants' health status (information on mental health or musculoskeletal disorders) was displayed coherently in the results of the Abilitator. Overall, diagnosed mental health disorders distinguished participants' Abilitator responses more strongly than diagnosed musculoskeletal disorders. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide further evidence on the applicability of the Abilitator as an instrument to evaluate work ability and functioning of people outside the work force.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Kausto
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kia Gluschkoff
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Miia Wikström
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matti Joensuu
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
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Fisher A, Lavis A, Greenfield S, Rickards H. What does social cognition look like in everyday social functioning in Huntington's disease? A protocol for a scoping review to explore and synthesise knowledge about social cognition alongside day-to-day social functioning of people with Huntington's disease. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e073655. [PMID: 37451719 PMCID: PMC10351301 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-073655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Social cognition is problematic in Huntington's disease (HD). Despite the observations of clinicians and families, there is minimal empirical literature about how it presents in daily life and the impact on social functioning. This protocol forms the basis of a scoping review to synthesise both the quantitative knowledge and qualitative experiences of the HD community so that a visual and narrative map can address what is known and what is not known for the benefit of the community and clinicians and academics alike. METHODS AND ANALYSES An umbrella scoping review of previous work and a scoping review of newer studies of social cognition and social functioning will be undertaken. The electronic databases PubMed, Medline, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase and CINAHL will be searched to identify eligible studies from starting from 2003 to June 2023. A grey literature search and grey data search will also be undertaken. Quality appraisal of the included documents will use the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme and Authority, Accuracy, Coverage, Objectivity, Date, Significance checklists. A data charting table will be used for data extraction, with analysis of qualitative data using the framework method. The review findings will be presented in a visual form and in a narrative summary. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical review is not usually required as scoping reviews are produced via secondary data analysis, however, this protocol includes the use of grey data from a charity web forum and so in line with best practice for internet mediated research ethical review was sought and approved (STEM Ethical Review Committee, University of Birmingham-ERN_21-1028A). Review findings will be shared with service users and disseminated through a peer-reviewed publications, conference presentations and hosted via the website of the patient association charity the HD Association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Fisher
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- West Midlands Huntingtons Disease Service, Neuropsychiatry, Birmingham and Solihull Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Anna Lavis
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sheila Greenfield
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Hugh Rickards
- West Midlands Huntingtons Disease Service, Neuropsychiatry, Birmingham and Solihull Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
- Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Birmingham, UK
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Buller AM, Pichon M, Hidrobo M, Mulford M, Amare T, Sintayehu W, Tadesse S, Ranganathan M. Cash plus programming and intimate partner violence: a qualitative evaluation of the benefits of group-based platforms for delivering activities in support of the Ethiopian government's Productive Safety Net Programme (PSNP). BMJ Open 2023; 13:e069939. [PMID: 37137564 PMCID: PMC10163490 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-069939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a public health challenge but there is evidence that cash and cash 'plus' interventions reduce IPV. An increasingly popular design feature of these kind of interventions is the group-based modality for delivering plus activities, however, evidence of the mechanisms through which this modality of delivery impacts IPV is limited. We explore how the group-based modality of delivering plus activities that complemented the Government of Ethiopia's Productive Safety Net Programme contributed to modifying intermediate outcomes on the pathway to IPV. DESIGN Qualitative study using in-depth interviews and focus group discussions between February and March 2020. Data were analysed using a thematic content and gender lens approach. Findings were interpreted, refined and drafted in collaboration with our local research partners. SETTING Amhara and Oromia regions in Ethiopia. PARTICIPANTS In total 115 men and women beneficiaries from the Strengthen PSNP4 Institutions and Resilience (SPIR) programme took part in the study. Fifty-eight were interviewed and 57 took part in 7 focus group discussions. RESULTS We found that Village Economic and Social Associations-through which SPIR activities were delivered-improved financial security and increased economic resilience against income shocks. The group-based delivery of plus activities to couples appeared to enhance individual agency, collective power and social networks, which in turn strengthened social support, gender relations and joint decision-making. Critical reflective dialogues provided a reference group to support the shift away from social norms that condone IPV. Finally, there appeared to be gender differences, with men highlighting the financial benefits and enhanced social status afforded by the groups, whereas women's accounts focused primarily on strengthened social networks and social capital. CONCLUSION Our study offers important insights into the mechanisms by which the group-based delivery of plus activities affects intermediate outcomes on the pathway to IPV. It underscores the importance of the modality of delivery in such programmes, and suggests that policy-makers should consider gender-specific needs as men and women might differentially benefit from interventions that enhance social capital to generate gender transformative impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria Buller
- Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Marjorie Pichon
- Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Melissa Hidrobo
- Poverty, Health and Nutrition Division, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | | | - Tseday Amare
- CARE International Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | | | - Meghna Ranganathan
- Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Tekïn M, Uysal İ, Toraman Ç, Akman C, Aytuğ Koşan AM, Postaci ES. The effect of social interaction on decision making in emergency ambulance teams: a statistical discourse analysis. BMC Med Educ 2023; 23:121. [PMID: 36803591 PMCID: PMC9942383 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-023-04091-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study examined the effects of social interaction, cognitive flexibility, and seniority on the correct response among emergency ambulance teams during case intervention. METHODS The research, structured with the sequential exploratory mixed method, was conducted with 18 emergency ambulance personnel. The approach process of the teams working on the scenario was video recorded. The records were transcribed by the researchers, including gestures and facial expressions. Discourses were coded and modeled with regression. RESULTS The number of discourses was higher in groups with high correct intervention scores. As the level of cognitive flexibility or seniority increased, the correct intervention score tended to decrease too. Informing has been identified as the only variable that positively affects the correct response to the emergency case, especially in the first period, which is directed toward case intervention preparation. CONCLUSION Within the findings of the research, it is recommended that activities and scenario-based training practices that will increase the intra-team communication of the emergency ambulance personnel should be included in the medical education and in-service training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Tekïn
- Department of Medical Education, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey.
| | - İbrahim Uysal
- Department of First and Emergency Aid, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Çetin Toraman
- Department of Medical Education, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Canan Akman
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | | | - Emine Sevïnç Postaci
- Department of First and Emergency Aid, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
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Byrne KA, Ghaiumy Anaraky R. Identifying Racial and Rural Disparities of Cognitive Functioning Among Older Adults: The Role of Social Isolation and Social Technology Use. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2022; 77:1779-1790. [PMID: 35312775 PMCID: PMC9535781 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbac055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Social isolation is associated with poorer cognitive outcomes among older adults. The use of online social technology platforms may provide a means to reduce social isolation. However, research examining whether social technology can mitigate the negative effects of social isolation on cognitive functioning is limited. This study investigates the interaction between social isolation and social technology use on cognitive functioning among older adults and seeks to identify racial and rural-urban differences in this relationship. METHOD Data were obtained from the Health and Retirement Study 2014-2018 waves (N = 5,358). Participants (aged 50-102) completed self-report measures of social isolation, loneliness, and frequency of online social communication and completed the modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status, which assesses cognitive functioning. Examinations of race focused on differences between Black/African American and White/Caucasian groups; rurality was operationalized using Beale Rural-Urban Continuum Codes. Data were analyzed using structural equation models. RESULTS Social technology use moderated the negative relationship between social isolation and cognitive functioning, controlling for age, education, gender, wealth, and general computer usage. Greater social technology use was associated with better cognitive functioning among socially isolated older adults. Results showed evidence of racial, but not rural-urban, differences in the relationship between social technology use and cognitive functioning. Regardless of the degree of social isolation, frequent social technology use was associated with improved cognitive functioning in Black/African American older adults but not White/Caucasians older adults. DISCUSSION Social technology may represent a way to mitigate cognitive decline, particularly among Black/African American older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaileigh A Byrne
- Address correspondence to: Clemson University, 418 Brackett Hall, Clemson, SC 29634, USA. E-mail:
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13
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Wang W, Wu J, Nepal S, daSilva A, Hedlund E, Murphy E, Rogers C, Huckins J. On the Transition of Social Interaction from In-Person to Online: Predicting Changes in Social Media Usage of College Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic based on Pre-COVID-19 On-Campus Colocation. Proc ACM Int Conf Multimodal Interact 2021; 2021:425-434. [PMID: 36519953 PMCID: PMC9747327 DOI: 10.1145/3462244.3479888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Pandemics significantly impact human daily life. People throughout the world adhere to safety protocols (e.g., social distancing and self-quarantining). As a result, they willingly keep distance from workplace, friends and even family. In such circumstances, in-person social interactions may be substituted with virtual ones via online channels, such as, Instagram and Snapchat. To get insights into this phenomenon, we study a group of undergraduate students before and after the start of COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, we track N=102 undergraduate students on a small college campus prior to the pandemic using mobile sensing from phones and assign semantic labels to each location they visit on campus where they study, socialize and live. By leveraging their colocation network at these various semantically labeled places on campus, we find that colocations at certain places that possibly proxy higher in-person social interactions (e.g., dormitories, gyms and Greek houses) show significant predictive capability in identifying the individuals' change in social media usage during the pandemic period. We show that we can predict student's change in social media usage during COVID-19 with an F1 score of 0.73 purely from the in-person colocation data generated prior to the pandemic.
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Yoshida S, Kawahara Y, Sasatani T, Kiyono K, Kobayashi Y, Funato H. Infants Show Physiological Responses Specific to Parental Hugs. iScience 2020; 23:100996. [PMID: 32259479 PMCID: PMC7360522 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.100996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Caregivers hug their infants to express affection and joy. However, it remains unknown how infants react to being hugged. Here we examined heart rate responses in first-year infants during a hug, hold, and tight hug from parents. Infants older than four months showed an increased R-R interval (RRI) during a hug, indicating reduced heart rates and pronounced parasympathetic activity. Few head movements predicted a higher RRI increase in infants during a parental hug compared with that during a hold and tight hug. Infants did not show an increased RRI during a hug from a female stranger. Infants younger than four months did not show RRI increase during parental hug but exhibited a decreased RRI correlated with contact pressure. Parents showed an increased RRI during hugging their infants. These results suggest the parent-infant hug underlies the parent-infant bonding and psychophysiological development of infants. We examined heart rate responses in first-year infants during hugs from parents Infants showed an RRI increase when hugged by parents but not by strangers Few head movements predicted higher RRI increase during a parental hug Parents also showed an increased RRI when hugging their infants
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachine Yoshida
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan; PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan.
| | - Yoshihiro Kawahara
- Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan; Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Takuya Sasatani
- Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Ken Kiyono
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Yo Kobayashi
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan; Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Funato
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan; International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION The End-of-Life Namaste Care Program for People with Dementia, challenges the misconception that people with dementia are a 'shell'; it provides a holistic approach using the five senses, which can provide positive ways of communicating and emotional responses. It is proposed Namaste Care can improve communication and the relationships families and friends have with the person with dementia. Previously used in care homes, this study is the first to explore the pioneering use of Namaste Care in people's own homes. OBJECTIVE To develop initial programme theories detailing if, how and under which circumstances Namaste Care works when implemented at home. DESIGN A qualitative realist approach following the RAMESES II guidelines was employed to understand not only whether Namaste Care has positive outcomes, but also how these are generated, for whom they happen and in which circumstances. SETTING A hospice in the North East of England, operating in the community, through volunteers. PARTICIPANTS Programme theories were developed from three focus groups with volunteers implementing Namaste Care (n=8; n=8; n=11) and eight interviews with family carers (n=8). RESULTS Four refined explanatory theories are presented: increasing engagement, respite for family carers, importance of matched volunteers and increasing social interaction. It was identified that while Namaste Care achieved some of the same goals in the home setting as it does in the care home setting, it could also function in a different way that promoted socialisation. CONCLUSIONS Namaste Care provides holistic and personalised care to people with both moderate and advanced dementia, improving engagement and reducing social isolation. In the present study carers often chose to use Namaste Care sessions as respite. This was often linked to their frustration of the unavoidable dominance of task-focussed care in daily life. Individualised Namaste Care activities thus led to positive outcomes for both those with dementia and their carers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Michelle Dalkin
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, UK
- Fuse (The Centre for Translational Research in Public Health), Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Monique Lhussier
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, UK
- Fuse (The Centre for Translational Research in Public Health), Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Joanne Atkinson
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, UK
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Gamble DN, Josefson CC, Hennessey MK, Davis AM, Waters RC, Jones BN, Belton DM, Hall NI, Costen TJ, Kirstein CL, Maldonado-Devincci AM. Social Interaction With an Alcohol-Intoxicated or Cocaine-Injected Peer Selectively Alters Social Behaviors and Drinking in Adolescent Male and Female Rats. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2019; 43:2525-2535. [PMID: 31585020 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drinking alcohol is facilitated by social interactions with peers, especially during adolescence. The importance of peer social influences during adolescence on alcohol and substance use has recently received more attention. We have shown that social interaction with an alcohol-intoxicated peer influences adolescent alcohol drinking differently in male and female rats using the demonstrator-observer paradigm. The present set of experiments analyzed the social interaction session to determine changes in social behaviors and subsequent alcohol drinking in adolescent male and female rats. METHODS Specifically, in Experiment 1, we determined whether specific social behaviors were altered during interaction with an alcohol-intoxicated demonstrator administered 1.5 g/kg ethanol (EtOH) and assessed changes in EtOH intake in adolescent observers. Experiment 2 examined changes in voluntary saccharin consumption to determine whether social interaction with an alcohol-intoxicated demonstrator administered 1.5 g/kg EtOH altered consumption of a palatable solution. In Experiment 3, we administered saline, and a low (5 mg/kg) or high (20 mg/kg) dose of cocaine to the demonstrator and assessed changes in the adolescent observers to determine whether social interaction with a "drugged" peer altered social behaviors and voluntary EtOH intake. RESULTS We showed that social interaction with an alcohol-intoxicated demonstrator administered 1.5 g/kg EtOH (i) decreased social play and increased social investigation and social contact in adolescent male and female observers, (ii) did not alter nonsocial behaviors, (iii) did not alter saccharin consumption, and (iv) increased voluntary EtOH intake in adolescent female but not male observers. When the peer was injected with cocaine, (i) social play was dose-dependently decreased, (ii) there were no changes in other social or nonsocial behaviors, and (iii) voluntary EtOH intake in adolescent male and female observers was unaffected. CONCLUSIONS The present results are consistent and extend our previous work, showing that social interaction with an alcohol-intoxicated peer selectively alters social behaviors and alcohol drinking in adolescent rats. Females appear to be more sensitive to the elevating effects of social interaction on voluntary EtOH consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle N Gamble
- Department of Psychology, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Virginia State University, Petersburg, Virginia
| | - Chloe C Josefson
- Cognitive and Neurosciences, Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Mary K Hennessey
- Cognitive and Neurosciences, Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Ashley M Davis
- Department of Psychology, College of Health and Human Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, North Carolina
| | - Renee C Waters
- Department of Psychology, College of Health and Human Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, North Carolina
| | - Brooke N Jones
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, North Carolina
| | - Destiny M Belton
- Department of Psychology, College of Health and Human Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, North Carolina
| | - Nzia I Hall
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, North Carolina
| | - Taylor J Costen
- Department of Psychology, College of Health and Human Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, North Carolina
| | - Cheryl L Kirstein
- Cognitive and Neurosciences, Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida.,Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | - Antoniette M Maldonado-Devincci
- Department of Psychology, College of Health and Human Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, North Carolina
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Capozzi F, Beyan C, Pierro A, Koul A, Murino V, Livi S, Bayliss AP, Ristic J, Becchio C. Tracking the Leader: Gaze Behavior in Group Interactions. iScience 2019; 16:242-249. [PMID: 31200114 PMCID: PMC6562365 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Can social gaze behavior reveal the leader during real-world group interactions? To answer this question, we developed a novel tripartite approach combining (1) computer vision methods for remote gaze estimation, (2) a detailed taxonomy to encode the implicit semantics of multi-party gaze features, and (3) machine learning methods to establish dependencies between leadership and visual behaviors. We found that social gaze behavior distinctively identified group leaders. Crucially, the relationship between leadership and gaze behavior generalized across democratic and autocratic leadership styles under conditions of low and high time-pressure, suggesting that gaze can serve as a general marker of leadership. These findings provide the first direct evidence that group visual patterns can reveal leadership across different social behaviors and validate a new promising method for monitoring natural group interactions. Leadership shapes gaze dynamics during real-world human group interactions Social gaze behavior distinctively identifies group leaders Identification generalizes across leadership styles and situational conditions Gaze can serve as a general marker of leadership
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Capozzi
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Cigdem Beyan
- Pattern Analysis and Computer Vision, (PAVIS), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova 16152, Italy
| | - Antonio Pierro
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Atesh Koul
- Cognition, Motion and Neuroscience Unit, (C'MoN), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Human Technologies, Via Enrico Melen 83, 16152 Genova, Italy
| | - Vittorio Murino
- Pattern Analysis and Computer Vision, (PAVIS), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova 16152, Italy; Department of Computer Science, University of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Stefano Livi
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Andrew P Bayliss
- School of Psychology, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Jelena Ristic
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Cristina Becchio
- Cognition, Motion and Neuroscience Unit, (C'MoN), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Human Technologies, Via Enrico Melen 83, 16152 Genova, Italy; Department of Psychology, University of Torino, Torino 10123, Italy.
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Abstract
Play is the work of children-but access to play is not equal from child to child. Having access to a place to play is a challenge for marginalized children, such as children with disabilities. For autistic children, playing with other children in the physical world may be uncomfortable or even painful. Yet, having practice in the social skills play provides is essential for childhood development. In this ethnographic work, I explore how one community uses the sense of place and the digital embodied experience in a virtual world specifically to give autistic children access to play with their peers. The contribution of this work is twofold. First, I demonstrate how various physical and virtual spaces work together to make play possible. Second, I demonstrate these spaces, though some of them are digital, are no more or less "real" than the physical spaces making up a schoolyard or playground.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E Ringland
- Department of Communication Studies, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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Franzen M, Sadikaj G, Moskowitz DS, Ostafin BD, Aan Het Rot M. Intra- and Interindividual Variability in the Behavioral, Affective, and Perceptual Effects of Alcohol Consumption in a Social Context. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2018; 42:952-961. [PMID: 29611874 PMCID: PMC5947130 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We examined the influence of interindividual differences in alcohol use on the intraindividual associations of drinking occurrence with interpersonal behaviors, affect, and perceptions of others during naturally occurring social interactions. METHODS For 14 consecutive days, 219 psychology freshmen (55% female; Mage = 20.7 years, SD = 2.18) recorded their behaviors, affect, and perceptions in social interactions soon after an interpersonal event occurred. Interpersonal behaviors and perceptions were assessed in terms of dominance-submissiveness and agreeableness-quarrelsomeness. Participants also reported the number of alcoholic drinks consumed within 3 hours of each interaction. We considered the intraindividual associations of (i) having a drinking episode and (ii) the number of drinks during an episode with behaviors, affect, and perceptions and examined interindividual differences in drinking frequency and intensity during social interactions as potential moderators of these associations. RESULTS Social drinking frequency and intensity moderated the associations between drinking episode and behaviors, affect, and perceptions in social interactions. During a drinking episode, more frequent social drinkers perceived others as more dominant than less frequent social drinkers. During a drinking episode in which more alcohol was consumed than usual, more frequent social drinkers also reported behaving more dominantly and experiencing less pleasant affect. CONCLUSIONS As more frequent social drinkers had different interpersonal responses to drinking than less frequent social drinkers, including when they had consumed larger amounts of alcohol than usual, our results suggest a differential susceptibility to the effects of alcohol during naturally occurring social interactions among drinkers with varying drinking frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minita Franzen
- Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Gentiana Sadikaj
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Brian D Ostafin
- Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marije Aan Het Rot
- Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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Bublatzky F, Pittig A, Schupp HT, Alpers GW. Face-to-face: Perceived personal relevance amplifies face processing. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2018; 12:811-822. [PMID: 28158672 PMCID: PMC5460051 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsx001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The human face conveys emotional and social information, but it is not well understood how these two aspects influence face perception. In order to model a group situation, two faces displaying happy, neutral or angry expressions were presented. Importantly, faces were either facing the observer, or they were presented in profile view directed towards, or looking away from each other. In Experiment 1 (n = 64), face pairs were rated regarding perceived relevance, wish-to-interact, and displayed interactivity, as well as valence and arousal. All variables revealed main effects of facial expression (emotional > neutral), face orientation (facing observer > towards > away) and interactions showed that evaluation of emotional faces strongly varies with their orientation. Experiment 2 (n = 33) examined the temporal dynamics of perceptual-attentional processing of these face constellations with event-related potentials. Processing of emotional and neutral faces differed significantly in N170 amplitudes, early posterior negativity (EPN), and sustained positive potentials. Importantly, selective emotional face processing varied as a function of face orientation, indicating early emotion-specific (N170, EPN) and late threat-specific effects (LPP, sustained positivity). Taken together, perceived personal relevance to the observer-conveyed by facial expression and face direction-amplifies emotional face processing within triadic group situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Bublatzky
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Biological Psychology and Psychotherapy, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Andre Pittig
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Biological Psychology and Psychotherapy, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Harald T Schupp
- Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Georg W Alpers
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Biological Psychology and Psychotherapy, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
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Corbett BA, Blain SD, Kale Edmiston E. The Role of Context in Psychosocial Stress among Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Piloting a Semi-structured, Videogame-based Paradigm. J Intellect Dev Disabil 2017; 43:20-28. [PMID: 31205447 PMCID: PMC6570405 DOI: 10.3109/13668250.2017.1310824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterised by altered social patterns, often associated with increased stress. While puberty is associated with increased stress, there is limited research on stress response to social interaction in adolescents with ASD. The study investigated stress response to semi-structured, videogame-based interaction in adolescents with and without ASD, and the impact of puberty. METHOD Twelve adolescents with ASD and 12 typically developing (TD) peers participated in a semi-structured, videogame-based social interaction. Stress was measured via salivary cortisol. RESULTS There were no significant between-group differences in cortisol. Pubertal development was correlated with cortisol in ASD (r = -0.901, p < 0.0001), but not TD (r = 0.022, p = 0.949). CONCLUSIONS Findings contribute to a fuller picture of the developmental trajectories of physiological stress in ASD, including the importance of context, structure, and puberty. The current investigation underscores the necessity of incorporating varied social contexts when assessing stress and social interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blythe A. Corbett
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Psychiatry
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Psychology
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute
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22
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of group interaction and training in the adaptation process to disease in adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). METHODS This experimental study with pre- and post-test control groups was conducted in the pediatric endocrine clinic at a university hospital. The data were collected through descriptive data form, social support assessment scale, self-esteem inventory and information form. The data collection forms were administered four times with 3-month intervals to the study and control groups. Training, peer interaction and social support attempts were provided to the study group. RESULTS After the training and peer interaction, it was determined that there was a decrease in HbA1c levels and an increase in self-esteem (p<0.001) and mean scores of social support (p<0.05), and significant increase in knowledge levels (p<0.001). As for the adolescents in the control group, it was determined that there was no change in their HbA1c levels (p>0.05), and that there was no difference in their self-esteem scores, mean knowledge levels (p>0.05) in comparison with their pre-test scores. CONCLUSION The training and peer interaction in adolescents were found to be effective in the adaptation process to the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebahat Altundag
- Sebahat Altundag, PhD. Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatric Nursing, Pamukkale University Health Science Faculty, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Meral Bayat
- Meral Bayat, Associate Professor, Department of Pediatric Nursing, Erciyes University Health Science Faculty, Kayseri, Turkey
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Eade AM, Youngentob LM, Youngentob SL. The Interaction of Ethanol Ingestion and Social Interaction with an Intoxicated Peer on the Odor-Mediated Response to the Drug in Adolescent Rats. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2016; 40:734-42. [PMID: 26996455 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Using a social transmission of food preference paradigm in rats, we previously demonstrated that ethanol (EtOH) exposure during adolescence, as either an observer (interaction with an intoxicated conspecific) or demonstrator (intragastric infusion with EtOH), altered the reflexive odor-mediated responses to the drug. The 2 modes of exposure were equivalent in the magnitude of their effects. Human adolescents, however, are likely to experience the drug in a social setting as both an EtOH observer and demonstrator. That is, both interacting with an intoxicated peer and experiencing EtOH's postingestive consequences in conjunction with hematogenic olfaction. Therefore, we tested whether combined adolescent exposure as both an observer and demonstrator differed from either form of individual experience. METHODS Beginning on postnatal day (P) 29, naïve rats received EtOH or water exposures in a social interaction paradigm as either an observer, a demonstrator, or combined experience (where each animal in the interaction was, itself, an observer and demonstrator). Exposures occurred 4 times, once every 48 hours. On P37, the reflexive behavioral response to EtOH odor was tested, using whole-body plethysmography. RESULTS The odor-mediated responses of adolescent EtOH observers, demonstrators, and combined exposure animals all significantly differed from controls. Compared to controls, however, the magnitude of the behavioral effect was greatest in the combined exposure animals. Moreover, combined exposure as both an EtOH observer and demonstrator significantly differed from either form of individual EtOH experience. CONCLUSIONS EtOH's component chemosensory qualities are known to be central contributors to its acceptance and increases in the acceptability of EtOH's odor, resulting from a social transmission experience, are predictive of enhanced EtOH avidity in adolescence. Our findings demonstrate that combined exposure as an observer and demonstrator, within a socially relevant framework, may represent a higher risk scenario for increased EtOH avidity in adolescence (and by extension adult persistence) as compared to the individual effects of direct ingestion or social experience with the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber M Eade
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine at Seton Hill, Greensburg, Pennsylvania
| | - Lisa M Youngentob
- Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York.,State University of New York Developmental Exposure Alcohol Research Center, Syracuse & Binghamton, New York
| | - Steven L Youngentob
- Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York.,State University of New York Developmental Exposure Alcohol Research Center, Syracuse & Binghamton, New York.,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
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24
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Abstract
This short-term longitudinal study assessed the relations between the social context of children's play (play-group size, play-group gender composition, and play setting) in the fall and peer victimization in the spring for low-income, minority, preschool girls and boys. Gender differences in these associations, as well as the moderating effect of children's individual problem behavior, were considered. Using a multiple-brief observation procedure, preschoolers' (N = 255, 49% girls) naturally occurring play in each type of social context was recorded throughout the fall semester. Observers also rated children's victimization and problem behaviors in the fall, and teachers rated children's victimization at the end of the school year. Findings suggested that social context variables predicted spring victimization above and beyond fall victimization and individual levels of problem behavior and that these associations varied for boys and girls. The findings signify the importance of the social context on changes in peer victimization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura D Hanish
- School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University
| | - Richard A Fabes
- School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University
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25
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Tunc-Ozcan E, Ullmann TM, Shukla PK, Redei EE. Low-dose thyroxine attenuates autism-associated adverse effects of fetal alcohol in male offspring's social behavior and hippocampal gene expression. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2013; 37:1986-95. [PMID: 23763370 PMCID: PMC3805686 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is characterized by neurodevelopmental anomalies manifesting in cognitive and behavioral deficits in the offspring with diverse severities. Social behavior is affected in FASD, and these deficits overlap with those of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Identifying some of the molecular characteristics related to ASD in an animal model of FASD could ultimately provide details on the underlying molecular mechanisms of both disorders that could lead to novel treatments. METHODS Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats received the following diets: control (C; ad libitum standard laboratory chow), nutritional control pair-fed (PF), ethanol (EtOH), or an EtOH diet supplemented with 0.3, 1.5, or 7.5 mg thyroxine (T4)/l in the diet. Social behavior and memory were tested in the adult offspring. Plasma total T4, free T3 (fT3), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were measured. Hippocampal expression of Gabrb3, Ube3a, Nr2b, Rasgrf1, and Dio3 were measured by RT-qPCR and protein levels of Mecp2 and Slc25a12 by Western blotting. RESULTS Adult male offspring of EtOH dams showed elevated fT3 and low TSH levels. Adult male, but not female, offspring of EtOH dams exhibited social behavior and memory deficits. Expression of autism candidates, Gabrb3, Ube3a, Mecp2, and Slc25a12, was significantly increased in the hippocampus of male offspring of EtOH dams. Hippocampal Nr2b and Dio3 were also increased, while Rasgrf1 was decreased in the same population. Peripheral thyroid function, social behavioral deficits, and altered expression of the above genes were normalized by simultaneous administration of 0.3 mg/l T4 in the EtOH diet. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that social interaction deficits of FASD share molecular mechanism with ASD by showing altered hippocampal expression of several ASD candidate genes. Social interaction deficits as well as the gene expression changes in the offspring of EtOH-consuming dams can be reversed by low dose of thyroid hormone supplementation to the mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pradeep K. Shukla
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Asher Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Eva E. Redei
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Asher Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
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26
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Ben-Sasson A, Lamash L, Gal E. To enforce or not to enforce? The use of collaborative interfaces to promote social skills in children with high functioning autism spectrum disorder. Autism 2012; 17:608-22. [PMID: 22987887 DOI: 10.1177/1362361312451526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this stud was to examine whether a technological touch activated Collaborative Puzzle Game (CPG) increased positive social behaviors in children with high functioning autism spectrum disorder (HFASD). The CPG involved construction of a virtual puzzle by selecting and dragging pieces into the solution area on a touch screen table. The target picture was presented on the top of the screen. Six dyads of children with HFASD (aged 8-11 years) engaged in the CPG in a Free Play (FP) mode in which partners could independently move puzzle pieces versus in an Enforced Collaboration (EC) mode in which partners could only move puzzle pieces together. Videos of the dames were coded for the frequencies of positive and negative social interaction, affect, play, and autistic behaviors. Parents completed the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS). Wilcoxon Signed-ranks tests indicated that children with HFASD showed significantly higher frequencies of positive social interaction and collaborative play in the EC versus FP modes but there were no differences in negative social behaviors. Differences in social behaviors between partners during the puzzle games were not significant; however there were differences within pair in the severity of social deficits as assessed by the SRS questionnaire. The CPG in an EC mode was effective in promoting positive social interaction by requiring children to work together towards a mutual goal. However, the increased challenge in this mode, particularly for children with lower social-communication skills, suggests the need for establishing selection criteria and mediation steps for such interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayelet Ben-Sasson
- Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Haifa, Mt. Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel.
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27
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Per Thomsen H. Obsessive-compulsive disorder in children and adolescents: A study of phenomenology and family functioning in 20 consecutive Danish cases. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1994; 3:29-36. [PMID: 29871415 DOI: 10.1007/BF01977609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Twenty child and adolescent patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) were compared with 20 age- and sex-matched comparison patients regarding phenomenology and family functioning. The test-results indicated a possibly limited capacity for social interaction in a subgroup of the OCD patients. Depression and suicidal thoughts were commonly encountered in children with OCD. The families of OCD children seemed to differ from comparison families only with regard to mothers' view on adaptability. No specific type of OCD family was described.
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