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Morales C, Fernandez M, Ferrer R, Raimunda D, Carrer DC, Bollo M. Ursodeoxycholic Acid Binds PERK and Ameliorates Neurite Atrophy in a Cellular Model of GM2 Gangliosidosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:7209. [PMID: 37108372 PMCID: PMC10138647 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The Unfolded protein response (UPR), triggered by stress in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), is a key driver of neurodegenerative diseases. GM2 gangliosidosis, which includes Tay-Sachs and Sandhoff disease, is caused by an accumulation of GM2, mainly in the brain, that leads to progressive neurodegeneration. Previously, we demonstrated in a cellular model of GM2 gangliosidosis that PERK, a UPR sensor, contributes to neuronal death. There is currently no approved treatment for these disorders. Chemical chaperones, such as ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), have been found to alleviate ER stress in cell and animal models. UDCA's ability to move across the blood-brain barrier makes it interesting as a therapeutic tool. Here, we found that UDCA significantly diminished the neurite atrophy induced by GM2 accumulation in primary neuron cultures. It also decreased the up-regulation of pro-apoptotic CHOP, a downstream PERK-signaling component. To explore its potential mechanisms of action, in vitro kinase assays and crosslinking experiments were performed with different variants of recombinant protein PERK, either in solution or in reconstituted liposomes. The results suggest a direct interaction between UDCA and the cytosolic domain of PERK, which promotes kinase phosphorylation and dimerization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Mariana Bollo
- Instituto de Investigación Médica M y M Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba 5016, Argentina
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2
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Costa MFD, Höglinger GU, Rösler TW. Development of a cell-free screening assay for the identification of direct PERK activators. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0283943. [PMID: 37200357 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The activation of the unfolded protein response, particularly via the PERK pathway, has been suggested as a promising therapeutic approach in tauopathies, a group of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by the abnormal phosphorylation and aggregation of tau protein. So far, a shortage of available direct PERK activators has been limiting the progresses in this field. Our study aimed at the development of a cell-free screening assay enabling the detection of novel direct PERK activators. By applying the catalytic domain of recombinant human PERK, we initially determined ideal conditions of the kinase assay reaction, including parameters such as optimal kinase concentration, temperature, and reaction time. Instead of using PERK's natural substrate proteins, eIF2α and NRF2, we applied SMAD3 as phosphorylation-accepting protein and successfully detected cell-free PERK activation and inhibition by selected modulators (e.g., calcineurin-B, GSK2606414). The developed assay revealed to be sufficiently stable and robust to assess an activating EC50-value. Additionally, our results suggested that PERK activation may take place independent of the active site which can be blocked by a kinase inhibitor. Finally, we confirmed the applicability of the assay by measuring PERK activation by MK-28, a recently described PERK activator. Overall, our data show that a cell-free luciferase-based assay with the recombinant human PERK kinase domain and SMAD3 as substrate protein is capable of detecting PERK activation, which enables to screen large compound libraries for direct PERK activators, in a high-throughput-based approach. These activators will be useful for deepening our understanding of the PERK signaling pathway, and may also lead to the identification of new therapeutic drug candidates for neurodegenerative tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcia F D Costa
- Department of Translational Neurodegeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Günter U Höglinger
- Department of Translational Neurodegeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas W Rösler
- Department of Translational Neurodegeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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3
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Bathish B, Robertson H, Dillon JF, Dinkova-Kostova AT, Hayes JD. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and mechanisms by which it is ameliorated by activation of the CNC-bZIP transcription factor Nrf2. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 188:221-261. [PMID: 35728768 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.06.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) represents a global health concern. It is characterised by fatty liver, hepatocyte cell death and inflammation, which are associated with lipotoxicity, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, iron overload and oxidative stress. NF-E2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that combats oxidative stress. Remarkably, Nrf2 is downregulated during the development of NASH, which probably accelerates disease, whereas in pre-clinical studies the upregulation of Nrf2 inhibits NASH. We now review the scientific literature that proposes Nrf2 downregulation during NASH involves its increased ubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation, mediated by Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) and/or β-transducin repeat-containing protein (β-TrCP) and/or HMG-CoA reductase degradation protein 1 (Hrd1, also called synoviolin (SYVN1)). Additionally, downregulation of Nrf2-mediated transcription during NASH may involve diminished recruitment of coactivators by Nrf2, due to increased levels of activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) p65, or competition for promoter binding due to upregulation of BTB and CNC homology 1 (Bach1). Many processes that downregulate Nrf2 are triggered by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), with oxidative stress amplifying its signalling. Oxidative stress may also increase suppression of Nrf2 by β-TrCP through facilitating formation of the DSGIS-containing phosphodegron in Nrf2 by glycogen synthase kinase-3. In animal models, knockout of Nrf2 increases susceptibility to NASH, while pharmacological activation of Nrf2 by inducing agents that target Keap1 inhibits development of NASH. These inducing agents probably counter Nrf2 downregulation affected by β-TrCP, Hrd1/SYVN1, ATF3, NF-κB p65 and Bach1, by suppressing oxidative stress. Activation of Nrf2 is also likely to inhibit NASH by ameliorating lipotoxicity, inflammation, ER stress and iron overload. Crucially, pharmacological activation of Nrf2 in mice in which NASH has already been established supresses liver steatosis and inflammation. There is therefore compelling evidence that pharmacological activation of Nrf2 provides a comprehensive multipronged strategy to treat NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boushra Bathish
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK
| | - Holly Robertson
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - John F Dillon
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Albena T Dinkova-Kostova
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK
| | - John D Hayes
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK.
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4
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Grandjean JMD, Wiseman RL. Small molecule strategies to harness the unfolded protein response: where do we go from here? J Biol Chem 2020; 295:15692-15711. [PMID: 32887796 PMCID: PMC7667976 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev120.010218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The unfolded protein response (UPR) plays a central role in regulating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and global cellular physiology in response to pathologic ER stress. The UPR is comprised of three signaling pathways activated downstream of the ER membrane proteins IRE1, ATF6, and PERK. Once activated, these proteins initiate transcriptional and translational signaling that functions to alleviate ER stress, adapt cellular physiology, and dictate cell fate. Imbalances in UPR signaling are implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous, etiologically-diverse diseases, including many neurodegenerative diseases, protein misfolding diseases, diabetes, ischemic disorders, and cancer. This has led to significant interest in establishing pharmacologic strategies to selectively modulate IRE1, ATF6, or PERK signaling to both ameliorate pathologic imbalances in UPR signaling implicated in these different diseases and define the importance of the UPR in diverse cellular and organismal contexts. Recently, there has been significant progress in the identification and characterization of UPR modulating compounds, providing new opportunities to probe the pathologic and potentially therapeutic implications of UPR signaling in human disease. Here, we describe currently available UPR modulating compounds, specifically highlighting the strategies used for their discovery and specific advantages and disadvantages in their application for probing UPR function. Furthermore, we discuss lessons learned from the application of these compounds in cellular and in vivo models to identify favorable compound properties that can help drive the further translational development of selective UPR modulators for human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M D Grandjean
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - R Luke Wiseman
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA.
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5
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Abstract
Activation of the unfolded protein response in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress preserves cell viability and function under stressful conditions. Nevertheless, persistent, unresolvable activation of the unfolded protein response can trigger apoptosis to eliminate stressed cells. Recent studies show that the unfolded protein response plays an important role in the pathogenesis of various disorders of myelin, including multiples sclerosis, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease, vanishing white matter disease, spinal cord injury, tuberous sclerosis complex, and hypoxia-induced perinatal white matter injury. In this review we summarize the current literature on the unfolded protein response and the evidence for its role in the pathogenesis of myelin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wensheng Lin
- Department of Neuroscience; Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Sarrabeth Stone
- Department of Neuroscience; Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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6
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Depauw S, Lambert M, Jambon S, Paul A, Peixoto P, Nhili R, Morongiu L, Figeac M, Dassi C, Paul-Constant C, Billoré B, Kumar A, Farahat AA, Ismail MA, Mineva E, Sweat DP, Stephens CE, Boykin DW, Wilson WD, David-Cordonnier MH. Heterocyclic Diamidine DNA Ligands as HOXA9 Transcription Factor Inhibitors: Design, Molecular Evaluation, and Cellular Consequences in a HOXA9-Dependant Leukemia Cell Model. J Med Chem 2019; 62:1306-1329. [PMID: 30645099 PMCID: PMC6561105 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Most transcription factors were for a long time considered as undruggable targets because of the absence of binding pockets for direct targeting. HOXA9, implicated in acute myeloid leukemia, is one of them. To date, only indirect targeting of HOXA9 expression or multitarget HOX/PBX protein/protein interaction inhibitors has been developed. As an attractive alternative by inhibiting the DNA binding, we selected a series of heterocyclic diamidines as efficient competitors for the HOXA9/DNA interaction through binding as minor groove DNA ligands on the HOXA9 cognate sequence. Selected DB818 and DB1055 compounds altered HOXA9-mediated transcription in luciferase assays, cell survival, and cell cycle, but increased cell death and granulocyte/monocyte differentiation, two main HOXA9 functions also highlighted using transcriptomic analysis of DB818-treated murine Hoxa9-transformed hematopoietic cells. Altogether, these data demonstrate for the first time the propensity of sequence-selective DNA ligands to inhibit HOXA9/DNA binding both in vitro and in a murine Hoxa9-dependent leukemic cell model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Depauw
- UMR-S1172-JPARC (Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center), INSERM, University of Lille, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Institut pour la recherché sur le Cancer de Lille (IRCL), F-59045 Lille, France
| | - Mélanie Lambert
- UMR-S1172-JPARC (Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center), INSERM, University of Lille, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Institut pour la recherché sur le Cancer de Lille (IRCL), F-59045 Lille, France
| | - Samy Jambon
- UMR-S1172-JPARC (Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center), INSERM, University of Lille, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Institut pour la recherché sur le Cancer de Lille (IRCL), F-59045 Lille, France
| | - Ananya Paul
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, United States
| | - Paul Peixoto
- UMR-S1172-JPARC (Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center), INSERM, University of Lille, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Institut pour la recherché sur le Cancer de Lille (IRCL), F-59045 Lille, France
| | - Raja Nhili
- UMR-S1172-JPARC (Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center), INSERM, University of Lille, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Institut pour la recherché sur le Cancer de Lille (IRCL), F-59045 Lille, France
| | - Laura Morongiu
- UMR-S1172-JPARC (Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center), INSERM, University of Lille, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Institut pour la recherché sur le Cancer de Lille (IRCL), F-59045 Lille, France
| | - Martin Figeac
- Functional and Structural Genomic Platform, Lille University, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Christelle Dassi
- UMR-S1172-JPARC (Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center), INSERM, University of Lille, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Institut pour la recherché sur le Cancer de Lille (IRCL), F-59045 Lille, France
| | - Charles Paul-Constant
- UMR-S1172-JPARC (Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center), INSERM, University of Lille, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Institut pour la recherché sur le Cancer de Lille (IRCL), F-59045 Lille, France
| | - Benjamin Billoré
- UMR-S1172-JPARC (Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center), INSERM, University of Lille, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Institut pour la recherché sur le Cancer de Lille (IRCL), F-59045 Lille, France
| | - Arvind Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, United States
| | - Abdelbasset A. Farahat
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Ismail
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Ekaterina Mineva
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, United States
| | - Daniel P. Sweat
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30904, United States
| | - Chad E. Stephens
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30904, United States
| | - David W. Boykin
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, United States
| | - W. David Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, United States
| | - Marie-Hélène David-Cordonnier
- UMR-S1172-JPARC (Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center), INSERM, University of Lille, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Institut pour la recherché sur le Cancer de Lille (IRCL), F-59045 Lille, France
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7
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KhalKhal E, Rezaei-Tavirani M, Rostamii-Nejad M. Pharmaceutical Advances and Proteomics Researches. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2019; 18:51-67. [PMID: 32802089 PMCID: PMC7393046 DOI: 10.22037/ijpr.2020.112440.13758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Proteomics enables understanding the composition, structure, function and interactions of the entire protein complement of a cell, a tissue, or an organism under exactly defined conditions. Some factors such as stress or drug effects will change the protein pattern and cause the present or absence of a protein or gradual variation in abundances. The aim of this study is to explore relationship between proteomics application and drug discovery. "proteomics", "Application", and "pharmacology were the main keywords that were searched in PubMed (PubMed Central), Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The titles that were stablished by 2019, were studied and after study of the appreciated abstracts, the full texts of the 118 favor documents were extracted. Changes in the proteome provide a snapshot of the cell activities and physiological processes. Proteomics shows the observed protein changes to the causal effects and generate a complete three-dimensional map of the cell indicating their exact location. Proteomics is used in different biological fields and is applied in medicine, agriculture, food microbiology, industry, and pharmacy and drug discovery. Biomarker discovery, follow up of drug effect on the patients, and in vitro and in vivo proteomic investigation about the drug treated subjects implies close relationship between proteomics advances and application and drug discovery and development. This review overviews and summarizes the applications of proteomics especially in pharmacology and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ensieh KhalKhal
- Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mostafa Rezaei-Tavirani
- Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Rostamii-Nejad
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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8
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McGrath EP, Logue SE, Mnich K, Deegan S, Jäger R, Gorman AM, Samali A. The Unfolded Protein Response in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10100344. [PMID: 30248920 PMCID: PMC6211039 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10100344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2018, in the US alone, it is estimated that 268,670 people will be diagnosed with breast cancer, and that 41,400 will die from it. Since breast cancers often become resistant to therapies, and certain breast cancers lack therapeutic targets, new approaches are urgently required. A cell-stress response pathway, the unfolded protein response (UPR), has emerged as a promising target for the development of novel breast cancer treatments. This pathway is activated in response to a disturbance in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis but has diverse physiological and disease-specific functions. In breast cancer, UPR signalling promotes a malignant phenotype and can confer tumours with resistance to widely used therapies. Here, we review several roles for UPR signalling in breast cancer, highlighting UPR-mediated therapy resistance and the potential for targeting the UPR alone or in combination with existing therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eoghan P McGrath
- Apoptosis Research Centre, National University of Ireland (NUI), Galway, University Road, Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland.
- School of Natural Sciences, NUI Galway, University Road, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland.
| | - Susan E Logue
- Apoptosis Research Centre, National University of Ireland (NUI), Galway, University Road, Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland.
- School of Natural Sciences, NUI Galway, University Road, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland.
| | - Katarzyna Mnich
- Apoptosis Research Centre, National University of Ireland (NUI), Galway, University Road, Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland.
- School of Natural Sciences, NUI Galway, University Road, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland.
| | - Shane Deegan
- Apoptosis Research Centre, National University of Ireland (NUI), Galway, University Road, Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland.
- School of Natural Sciences, NUI Galway, University Road, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland.
| | - Richard Jäger
- Department of Natural Sciences, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, 53359 Rheinbach, Germany.
| | - Adrienne M Gorman
- Apoptosis Research Centre, National University of Ireland (NUI), Galway, University Road, Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland.
- School of Natural Sciences, NUI Galway, University Road, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland.
| | - Afshin Samali
- Apoptosis Research Centre, National University of Ireland (NUI), Galway, University Road, Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland.
- School of Natural Sciences, NUI Galway, University Road, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland.
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9
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Zhang W, Chen L, Feng H, Wang W, Cai Y, Qi F, Tao X, Liu J, Shen Y, Ren X, Chen X, Xu J, Shen Y. Rifampicin-induced injury in HepG2 cells is alleviated by TUDCA via increasing bile acid transporters expression and enhancing the Nrf2-mediated adaptive response. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 112:24-35. [PMID: 28688954 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bile acid transporters and the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf-2)-mediated adaptive response play important roles in the development of drug-induced liver injury (DILI). However, little is known about the contribution of the adaptive response to rifampicin (RFP)-induced cell injury. In this study, we found RFP decreased the survival rate of HepG2 cells and increased the levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), γ-glutamyl-transferase (γ-GT), total bilirubin (TBIL), direct bilirubin (DBIL), indirect bilirubin (IBIL), total bile acid (TBA) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in the cell culture supernatants in both a concentration- and a time-dependent manner. RFP increased the expression levels of bile acid transporter proteins and mRNAs, such as bile salt export pump (BSEP), multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1), multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2), Na+/taurocholate cotransporter (NTCP), organic anion transporting protein 2 (OATP2), organic solute transporter β (OSTβ) and Nrf2. Following the transient knockdown of Nrf2 and treatment with RFP, the expression levels of the BSEP, MDR1, MRP2, NTCP, OATP2 and OSTβ proteins and mRNAs were decreased to different degrees. Moreover, the cell survival was decreased, whereas the LDH level in the cell culture supernatant was increased. Overexpression of the Nrf2 gene produced the opposite effects. Treatment with tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) increased the expression levels of the bile acid transporters and Nrf2, decreased the expression levels of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), PKR-like ER kinase (PERK), activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), and C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP), and inhibited RFP-induced oxidative stress. Moreover, TUDCA reduced cell apoptosis, increased cell survival and decreased the levels of LDH, ALT, AST, AKP, γ-GT, TBIL, DBIL, IBIL, TBA and ATP in the cell culture supernatant. Therefore, TUDCA alleviates RFP-induced injury in HepG2 cells by enhancing bile acid transporters expression and the Nrf2-mediated adaptive response.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/agonists
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/antagonists & inhibitors
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/metabolism
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 11/agonists
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 11/antagonists & inhibitors
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 11/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 11/metabolism
- Adaptation, Physiological
- Adenosine Triphosphate
- Alanine Transaminase/genetics
- Alanine Transaminase/metabolism
- Alkaline Phosphatase/genetics
- Alkaline Phosphatase/metabolism
- Antibiotics, Antitubercular/pharmacology
- Aspartate Aminotransferases/genetics
- Aspartate Aminotransferases/metabolism
- Bilirubin
- Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Hep G2 Cells
- Humans
- L-Lactate Dehydrogenase/genetics
- L-Lactate Dehydrogenase/metabolism
- Liver-Specific Organic Anion Transporter 1/genetics
- Liver-Specific Organic Anion Transporter 1/metabolism
- Membrane Transport Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Transport Proteins/metabolism
- Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein 2
- Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins/agonists
- Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins/genetics
- Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins/metabolism
- NF-E2-Related Factor 2/agonists
- NF-E2-Related Factor 2/genetics
- NF-E2-Related Factor 2/metabolism
- Organic Anion Transporters, Sodium-Dependent/genetics
- Organic Anion Transporters, Sodium-Dependent/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Rifampin/antagonists & inhibitors
- Rifampin/pharmacology
- Signal Transduction
- Stress, Physiological
- Symporters/genetics
- Symporters/metabolism
- Taurochenodeoxycholic Acid/pharmacology
- gamma-Glutamyltransferase/genetics
- gamma-Glutamyltransferase/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiping Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, People's Republic of China; The First Affliated Hospital of AUTCM, 117 Meishan Road, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihong Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Cai
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Fen Qi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofang Tao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, People's Republic of China; Biopharmaceutical Institute, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, People's Republic of China; Biopharmaceutical Institute, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujun Shen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, People's Republic of China; Biopharmaceutical Institute, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofei Ren
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianming Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuxian Shen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, People's Republic of China; Biopharmaceutical Institute, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Li C, Yan Y, Shi Q, Kong Y, Gao L, Bao H, Li Y. Recuperating lung decoction attenuates inflammation and oxidation in cigarette smoke-induced COPD in rats via activation of ERK and Nrf2 pathways. Cell Biochem Funct 2017; 35:278-286. [PMID: 28749079 PMCID: PMC5601225 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative/antioxidative imbalance and chronic inflammation are the main contributors to the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study evaluated the effect of recuperating lung decoction (RLD) on inflammation and oxidative stress in rats with COPD induced by cigarette smoke and lipopolysaccharides (LPS). We used intravenous infusion of LPS combined with cigarette smoke exposure as a COPD rat model. We observed that RLD treatment increased the protein level of GSH and the ratio of GSH/GSSG but decreased 8-OHdG and 4-HNE in the serum. Furthermore, RLD significantly inhibited the expressions of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and TGF-β induced by cigarette smoke exposure, reduced the number of inflammatory cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and alleviated the severity of cigarette smoke-induced emphysema. Mechanistically, RLD treatment prevented disease through downregulation of phosphorylated-ERK and Nrf2 expression, which regulates the production of proinflammatory cytokines. RLD treatment exerted a dramatic therapeutic effect on COPD. This study revealed a mechanism that RLD functions on the regulation of ERK signalling to inhibit inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlei Li
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,The Key Institute of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (pneumonopathy chronic cough and dyspnea) Beijing Key Laboratory (No.BZ0321), China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Yan
- The Key Institute of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (pneumonopathy chronic cough and dyspnea) Beijing Key Laboratory (No.BZ0321), China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Shi
- The Key Institute of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (pneumonopathy chronic cough and dyspnea) Beijing Key Laboratory (No.BZ0321), China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhua Kong
- The Key Institute of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (pneumonopathy chronic cough and dyspnea) Beijing Key Laboratory (No.BZ0321), China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Longxia Gao
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Haipeng Bao
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Youlin Li
- The Key Institute of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (pneumonopathy chronic cough and dyspnea) Beijing Key Laboratory (No.BZ0321), China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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11
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Lin L, Yin Y, Hou G, Han D, Kang J, Wang Q. Ursolic acid attenuates cigarette smoke-induced emphysema in rats by regulating PERK and Nrf2 pathways. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2017; 44:111-121. [PMID: 28347799 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2017.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ursolic acid (UA) is widely distributed in natural plants to against oxidation, virus, inflammation, tumor, and has been widely used in the pharmaceutical and cosmetics. However, its effect on emphysema of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is unknown. Unfolded protein response is involved in pathogenesis of COPD through PERK pathway. Nuclear erythroid-related factor 2 (Nrf2) regulates antioxidant defensive mechanism in COPD. This study was to explore effect and mechanism of UA on cigarette smoke (CS)-induced rat emphysema. MATERIALS AND METHODS 50 Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups (n = 10 each): rats were exposed to CS for 12 weeks in absence (CS group) or presence of UA at different doses. Control group was treated with UA vehicle only. Histopathology, apoptosis, key protein expression of PERK and Nrf2 pathway were determined in lung tissues. Oxidative stress levels in lung were represented by 8-OHdG, MDA and GSH levels. RESULTS Emphysema-related pathology, based on inter-alveolar wall distance and alveolar density, was less severe in UA groups than in CS group. Compared with CS group, UA treatment down-regulated PERK pathway protein expression, up-regulated expression of Bcl-2 and down-regulated expression of Bax, Cleaved-Caspase3 and Cleaved-Caspase12. Moreover, UA decreased number of apoptotic cells in rat lungs. UA also up-regulated protein expression of Nrf2/ARE pathway and GSH level, decreased expression of oxidant stress factor 8-OHdG and MDA. These improvements were in accordance with attenuation of severity of emphysema. CONCLUSIONS UA attenuates CS-induced rat emphysema by down-regulating PERK pathway to alleviate CS-induced apoptosis in lung, and up-regulating Nrf2 pathway to improve cigarette smoke-induced oxidant stress in rat lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Lin
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Yan Yin
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Gang Hou
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Dan Han
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Jian Kang
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Qiuyue Wang
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China.
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12
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Vega H, Agellon LB, Michalak M. The rise of proteostasis promoters. IUBMB Life 2016; 68:943-954. [PMID: 27797166 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Molecular chaperones are specialized proteins essential for facilitating the correct folding, assembly, and disassembly of many cellular proteins and for assuring proteostasis. Genetic mutations or metabolic extremes that cause long-term alteration of cellular homeostasis compromise protein folding efficiency. To maintain proteostasis, cells mobilized stress coping responses that include the unfolded protein response in order to prevent accumulation of improperly folded proteins that forms the basis of many diseases. In recent years, several small molecules commonly referred to as "chemical chaperones" (e.g., 4-phenylbutyric acid or 4-PBA, a modified fatty acid; tauroursodeoxycholic acid or TUDCA, a bile acid) have been identified that function to attenuate cellular stress and enhance protein processing. Here we illustrate that molecular chaperones and the so called "chemical chaperones" are distinct entities. We propose the term "proteostasis promoters" as a more accurate descriptor for a class of compounds that demonstrate ability to promote proteostasis by modulating the UPR and/or the function of chaperones. © 2016 IUBMB Life, 68(12):943-954, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector Vega
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Luis B Agellon
- School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marek Michalak
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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13
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Axten JM. Protein kinase R(PKR)–like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) inhibitors: a patent review (2010-2015). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2016; 27:37-48. [DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2017.1238072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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14
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Maor G, Cabasso O, Krivoruk O, Rodriguez J, Steller H, Segal D, Horowitz M. The contribution of mutant GBA to the development of Parkinson disease in Drosophila. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:2712-2727. [PMID: 27162249 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gaucher disease (GD) results from mutations in the acid β-glucocerebrosidase (GCase) encoding gene, GBA, which leads to accumulation of glucosylceramides. GD patients and carriers of GD mutations have a significantly higher propensity to develop Parkinson disease (PD) in comparison to the non-GD population. In this study, we used the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster to show that development of PD in carriers of GD mutations results from the presence of mutant GBA alleles. Drosophila has two GBA orthologs (CG31148 and CG31414), each of which has a minos insertion, which creates C-terminal deletion in the encoded GCase. Flies double heterozygous for the endogenous mutant GBA orthologs presented Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) and developed parkinsonian signs, manifested by death of dopaminergic cells, defective locomotion and a shorter life span. We also established transgenic flies carrying the mutant human N370S, L444P and the 84GG variants. UPR activation and development of parkinsonian signs could be recapitulated in flies expressing these three mutant variants.UPR and parkinsonian signs could be partially rescued by growing the double heterozygous flies, or flies expressing the N370S or the L444P human mutant GCase variants, in the presence of the pharmacological chaperone ambroxol, which binds and removes mutant GCase from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). However flies expressing the 84GG mutant, that does not express mature GCase, did not exhibit rescue by ambroxol. Our results strongly suggest that the presence of a mutant GBA allele in dopaminergic cells leads to ER stress and to their death, and contributes to development of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gali Maor
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology
| | - Or Cabasso
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology
| | | | - Joe Rodriguez
- Strang Laboratory of Cancer Research, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Hermann Steller
- Strang Laboratory of Cancer Research, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Daniel Segal
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology.,Sagol Interdisciplinary School of Neurosciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
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