1
|
Rowe HI, Sprague TA, Ball B, Langenfeld D, Rivera L. Restoring closed trails in the Sonoran Desert: interactions of seed timing, seed source, and ripping. Restor Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Helen I. Rowe
- Parsons Field Institute McDowell Sonoran Conservancy 7729 East Greenway Road, Suite 100 Scottsdale AZ 85260 U.S.A
- School of Earth and Sustainability Northern Arizona University Flagstaff AZ 86011 U.S.A
| | - Tiffany A. Sprague
- Parsons Field Institute McDowell Sonoran Conservancy 7729 East Greenway Road, Suite 100 Scottsdale AZ 85260 U.S.A
| | - Becky Ball
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences Arizona State University at the West Campus 4701 West Thunderbird Road Glendale AZ 85306 U.S.A
| | - Debbie Langenfeld
- Citizen Science Program McDowell Sonoran Conservancy 7729 East Greenway Road, Suite 100 Scottsdale AZ 85260 U.S.A
| | - Lisa Rivera
- Citizen Science Program McDowell Sonoran Conservancy 7729 East Greenway Road, Suite 100 Scottsdale AZ 85260 U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lessons Learned 5+ Years After Transplanting and Seeding Restoration Sites in the Sonoran Desert, U.S.A. AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST 2020. [DOI: 10.1674/0003-0031-184.2.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
3
|
Reynolds-Hogland MJ, Ramsey AB, Seward AT, Pilgrim KL, Engkjer C, Ramsey PW. Response of a remnant marmot population to habitat enhancement yields insights into marmot ecology. J Mammal 2020; 101:658-669. [PMID: 32665739 PMCID: PMC7333880 DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyaa021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the response of a remnant population of yellow-bellied marmots (Marmota flaviventris) to targeted habitat enhancement in an ecological system that had been degraded during ~100 years of intensive livestock management, including marmot eradication. We used capture-recapture data and a novel use of a multistate framework to evaluate geographic expansion of the marmot population pre- and post-habitat enhancement. We also estimated age-structured survival, reproduction, and sex ratios. The marmot population appeared to respond positively to new habitat opportunities created by habitat enhancement: the number of marmots captured increased from three marmots pre-habitat enhancement to 54 (28 adults and yearlings, 26 young) post-habitat enhancement at the end of the study. Marmots expanded geographically by transitioning into habitat-enhanced areas, and adult females occupied and reproduced in all habitat-enhanced areas. The sex ratio of the young population in 2019 was strongly female-biased, which may have been influenced by poor body condition of breeding females owing to unusually prolonged snow cover that year. Adult and yearling survival were within the range of that reported for colonial adults and yearlings in Colorado. Our results suggest that active habitat enhancement can assist in the recovery of marmot populations in systems where marmots historically existed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Cory Engkjer
- USDA Rocky Mountain Research Station, Missoula, MT, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Flint SA, Olofson D, Jordan NR, Shaw RG. Population source affects competitive response and effect in a C
4
grass (
Panicum virgatum
). Restor Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shelby A. Flint
- University of Minnesota, Conservation Biology Graduate Program, 135B Skok Hall, 2003 Upper Buford Circle St. Paul MN 55108 U.S.A
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and BehaviorUniversity of Minnesota, 140 Gortner Laboratory, 1479 Gortner Avenue St. Paul MN 55108 U.S.A
| | - Dana Olofson
- University of Minnesota, University Honors Program, 390 Northrop, 84 Church Street SE Minneapolis MN 55455 U.S.A
- Mayo Clinic, Translational Research, Innovation, and Test Development Office, 200 First Street Southwest Rochester MN 55905 U.S.A
| | - Nicholas R. Jordan
- Department of Agronomy and Plant GeneticsUniversity of Minnesota, 411 Borlaug Hall, 1991 Upper Buford Circle St. Paul MN 55108 U.S.A
| | - Ruth G. Shaw
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and BehaviorUniversity of Minnesota, 140 Gortner Laboratory, 1479 Gortner Avenue St. Paul MN 55108 U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Solomon JKQ. Characterization of Adult Functional Traits of Local Populations and Cultivars of Sandberg Bluegrass and Bottlebrush Squirreltail Perennial Bunchgrasses. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:E166. [PMID: 31212616 PMCID: PMC6631798 DOI: 10.3390/plants8060166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Plant functional traits offer an understanding of the plant's ability to cope with varying environmental impositions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the above and belowground adult morphological and chemical composition traits of local populations of Sandberg bluegrass (Poa secunda J. Presl) and Bottlebrush squirreltail (Elymus elymoides (Raf.) Swezey) collected in Nevada and their cultivated varieties. A total of six replications (one seedling each) from each population and cultivar of the two native perennial bunchgrasses were used in a randomized complete block design experiment. Each of the six seedlings from each sourced population was transplanted into individual tree pots (28 cm diameter × 61 cm height) containing 20.4 kg of air-dried Orr gravelly sandy loam soil in mid-November, 2015 and remained in the pots for the duration of the study (23 June, 2016). Traits evaluated were, plant height, leaf length, inflorescence length, shoot biomass, forage nutritive value, root morphological traits, and root carbon and nitrogen content. Traits means were considered different at P < 0.05. For Sandberg bluegrass, the cultivar 'Mountain Home' and the population from Panther Valley tended to have greater biomass than the population from Button Point but overall, the average of the two cultivars (10.8 g/plant) did not differ in shoot biomass relative to the local populations (7.6 g/plant). For squirreltail, plant height for the George St. Sonoma and Grass Valley populations (71.3 cm) was greater than the cultivars 'Toe Jam Creek' and 'Vale' (40.5 cm) but cultivars had greater biomass (12.6 g/plant) than the local populations (5.8 g/plant). Total root length and root diameter were not different among the Sanberg bluegrass and squirreltail populations. The results from traits expounded on in this study indicate the closeness of these populations for both species at their adult stage and provide insights for building a unified framework approach among the different agencies and restoration practitioners to aid in plant assemblages for restoration success in the Great Basin and beyond.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan K Q Solomon
- Department of Agriculture, Veterinary & Rangeland Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Flint SA, Jordan NR, Shaw RG. Plant community response to switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) population source in establishing prairies. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2018; 28:1818-1829. [PMID: 29956868 DOI: 10.1002/eap.1772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ecological restoration and revegetation efforts entail the translocation of native plant populations. Risks associated with these efforts include failure of translocated populations to establish or, conversely, such strong establishment that they excessively dominate the recipient community. The role that selective breeding plays in mediating these risks is unclear but of increasing importance as efforts to restore and establish multifunctional grasslands also increase. In a three-year, spatially replicated study, we seeded experimental prairie communities with either domesticated (cultivar) or undomesticated strains of Panicum virgatum (switchgrass), a North American C4 species under development as a biomass crop. We evaluated the composition, performance, and diversity of the recipient plant communities and compared the performance of cultivar and undomesticated switchgrass in those communities. We found little evidence that switchgrass population source affected community response. Switchgrass cultivars modestly exceeded undomesticated strains with respect to stand establishment, third-year stand density, and aboveground biomass; effect size and significance differed among sites. Our results suggest that including cultivars in ecological restorations and multifunctional grasslands may enhance success of switchgrass establishment with little risk of impairing the composition or diversity of plant communities for up to three years, as reflected in the measures used here. However, the incorporation of undomesticated switchgrass into multifunctional grasslands may enhance landscape-scale genetic variation and mitigate risks associated with gene flow between translocated and local wild switchgrass populations; more research on these dynamics is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shelby A Flint
- Conservation Biology Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, 135 B Skok Hall, 2003 Upper Buford Circle, St. Paul, Minnesota, 55108, USA
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, 140 Gortner Laboratory, 1479 Gortner Avenue, St. Paul, Minnesota, 55108, USA
| | - Nicholas R Jordan
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, 411 Borlaug Hall, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, St. Paul, Minnesota, 55108, USA
| | - Ruth G Shaw
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, 140 Gortner Laboratory, 1479 Gortner Avenue, St. Paul, Minnesota, 55108, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ensslin A, Van de Vyver A, Vanderborght T, Godefroid S. Ex situ cultivation entails high risk of seed dormancy loss on short-lived wild plant species. J Appl Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thierry Vanderborght
- Botanic Garden Meise; Meise Belgium
- Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles; Service général de l'Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche scientifique; Brussels Belgium
| | - Sandrine Godefroid
- Botanic Garden Meise; Meise Belgium
- Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles; Service général de l'Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche scientifique; Brussels Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Shaw AN, Mummey DL. Poa secunda local collections and commercial releases: A genotypic evaluation. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173221. [PMID: 28369130 PMCID: PMC5378323 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetics of native plants influence the success of ecological restoration, yet genetic variability of local seed collections and commercial seed releases remains unclear for most taxa. Poa secunda, a common native grass species in Intermountain West grasslands and a frequent component of restoration seed mixes, is one such species. Here, we evaluate the genetic variation of local Poa secunda collections in the context of wild populations and commercial seed releases. We evaluated AFLP markers for seven Poa secunda collections made over a 4000-hectare area and four commercial releases (High Plains, MT-1, Opportunity, and Sherman). We compare the genetic distance and distribution of genetic variation within and between local collections and commercial releases. The extent and patterns of genetic variation in our local collections indicate subtle site differences with most variation occurring within rather than between collections. Identical genetic matches were usually, but not always, found within 5 m2 collection sites. Our results suggest that the genetic variation in two Poa secunda releases (High Plains and MT-1) is similar to our local collections. Our results affirm that guidelines for Poa secunda seed collection should follow recommendations for selfing species, by collecting from many sites over large individual sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alanna N. Shaw
- MPG Ranch, Missoula, Montana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Khalil MI, Gibson DJ, Baer SG. Phylogenetic diversity reveals hidden patterns related to population source and species pools during restoration. J Appl Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed I. Khalil
- Department of Plant Biology and Center for Ecology Southern Illinois University, Carbondale 1263 Lincoln Drive Carbondale IL 62901 USA
| | - David J. Gibson
- Department of Plant Biology and Center for Ecology Southern Illinois University, Carbondale 1263 Lincoln Drive Carbondale IL 62901 USA
| | - Sara G. Baer
- Department of Plant Biology and Center for Ecology Southern Illinois University, Carbondale 1263 Lincoln Drive Carbondale IL 62901 USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Phylogeography of ten native herbaceous species in the temperate region of Japan: implication for the establishment of seed transfer zones for revegetation materials. LANDSCAPE AND ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11355-016-0297-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
11
|
Palik DJ, Snow AA, Stottlemyer AL, Miriti MN, Heaton EA. Relative Performance of Non-Local Cultivars and Local, Wild Populations of Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) in Competition Experiments. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154444. [PMID: 27120201 PMCID: PMC4847931 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The possibility of increased invasiveness in cultivated varieties of native perennial species is a question of interest in biofuel risk assessment. Competitive success is a key factor in the fitness and invasive potential of perennial plants, and thus the large-scale release of high-yielding biomass cultivars warrants empirical comparisons with local conspecifics in the presence of competitors. We evaluated the performance of non-local cultivars and local wild biotypes of the tallgrass species Panicum virgatum L. (switchgrass) in competition experiments during two growing seasons in Ohio and Iowa. At each location, we measured growth and reproductive traits (plant height, tiller number, flowering time, aboveground biomass, and seed production) of four non-locally sourced cultivars and two locally collected wild biotypes. Plants were grown in common garden experiments under three types of competition, referred to as none, moderate (with Schizachyrium scoparium), and high (with Bromus inermis). In both states, the two “lowland” cultivars grew taller, flowered later, and produced between 2x and 7.5x more biomass and between 3x and 34x more seeds per plant than local wild biotypes, while the other two cultivars were comparable to wild biotypes in these traits. Competition did not affect relative differences among biotypes, with the exception of shoot number, which was more similar among biotypes under high competition. Insights into functional differences between cultivars and wild biotypes are crucial for developing biomass crops while mitigating the potential for invasiveness. Here, two of the four cultivars generally performed better than wild biotypes, indicating that these biotypes may pose more of a risk in terms of their ability to establish vigorous feral populations in new regions outside of their area of origin. Our results support an ongoing assessment of switchgrass cultivars developed for large-scale planting for biofuels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D. J. Palik
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - A. A. Snow
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - A. L. Stottlemyer
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - M. N. Miriti
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - E. A. Heaton
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|