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Sun T, Liu X, Su Y, Wang Z, Cheng B, Dong N, Wang J, Shan A. The efficacy of anti-proteolytic peptide R7I in intestinal inflammation, function, microbiota, and metabolites by multi-omics analysis in murine bacterial enteritis. Bioeng Transl Med 2023; 8:e10446. [PMID: 36925697 PMCID: PMC10013768 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased antibiotic resistance poses a major limitation in tackling inflammatory bowel disease and presents a large challenge for global health care. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a potential class of antimicrobial agents. Here, we have designed the potential oral route for antimicrobial peptide R7I with anti-proteolytic properties to deal with bacterial enteritis in mice. The results revealed that R7I protected the liver and gut from damage caused by inflammation. RNA-Seq analysis indicated that R7I promoted digestion and absorption in the small intestine by upregulating transmembrane transporter activity, lipid and small molecule metabolic processes and other pathways, in addition to upregulating hepatic steroid biosynthesis and fatty acid degradation. For the gut microbiota, Clostridia were significantly reduced in the R7I-treated group, and Odoribacteraceae, an efficient isoalloLCA-synthesizing strain, was the main dominant strain, protecting the gut from potential pathogens. In addition, we further discovered that R7I reduced the accumulation of negative organic acid metabolites. Overall, R7I exerted better therapeutic and immunomodulatory potential in the bacterial enteritis model, greatly reduced the risk of disease onset, and provided a reference for the in vivo application of antimicrobial peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Sun
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, the Institute of Animal Nutrition Northeast Agricultural University Harbin China
| | - Xuesheng Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, the Institute of Animal Nutrition Northeast Agricultural University Harbin China
| | - Yunzhe Su
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, the Institute of Animal Nutrition Northeast Agricultural University Harbin China
| | - Zihang Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, the Institute of Animal Nutrition Northeast Agricultural University Harbin China
| | - Baojing Cheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, the Institute of Animal Nutrition Northeast Agricultural University Harbin China
| | - Na Dong
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, the Institute of Animal Nutrition Northeast Agricultural University Harbin China
| | - Jiajun Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, the Institute of Animal Nutrition Northeast Agricultural University Harbin China
| | - Anshan Shan
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, the Institute of Animal Nutrition Northeast Agricultural University Harbin China
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2
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Zou W, Shi B, Zeng T, Zhang Y, Huang B, Ouyang B, Cai Z, Liu M. Drug Transporters in the Kidney: Perspectives on Species Differences, Disease Status, and Molecular Docking. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:746208. [PMID: 34912216 PMCID: PMC8666590 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.746208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The kidneys are a pair of important organs that excretes endogenous waste and exogenous biological agents from the body. Numerous transporters are involved in the excretion process. The levels of these transporters could affect the pharmacokinetics of many drugs, such as organic anion drugs, organic cationic drugs, and peptide drugs. Eleven drug transporters in the kidney (OAT1, OAT3, OATP4C1, OCT2, MDR1, BCRP, MATE1, MATE2-K, OAT4, MRP2, and MRP4) have become necessary research items in the development of innovative drugs. However, the levels of these transporters vary between different species, sex-genders, ages, and disease statuses, which may lead to different pharmacokinetics of drugs. Here, we review the differences of the important transports in the mentioned conditions, in order to help clinicians to improve clinical prescriptions for patients. To predict drug-drug interactions (DDIs) caused by renal drug transporters, the molecular docking method is used for rapid screening of substrates or inhibitors of the drug transporters. Here, we review a large number of natural products that represent potential substrates and/or inhibitors of transporters by the molecular docking method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zou
- Changsha Research and Development Center on Obstetric and Gynecologic Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparation, NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research, Prevention and Treatment, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Birui Shi
- Biopharmaceutics, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Zeng
- Changsha Research and Development Center on Obstetric and Gynecologic Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparation, NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research, Prevention and Treatment, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Biopharmaceutics, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baolin Huang
- Biopharmaceutics, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Ouyang
- Changsha Research and Development Center on Obstetric and Gynecologic Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparation, NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research, Prevention and Treatment, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Zheng Cai
- Biopharmaceutics, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,TCM-Integrated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Menghua Liu
- Biopharmaceutics, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,TCM-Integrated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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3
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Droździk M, Oswald S, Droździk A. Impact of kidney dysfunction on hepatic and intestinal drug transporters. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 143:112125. [PMID: 34474348 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging information suggests that pathology of the kidney may not only affect expression and function of membrane transporters in the organ, but also in the gastrointestinal tract and the liver. Transporter dysfunction may cause effects on handling of drug as well as endogenous compounds with subsequent clinical consequences. A literature search was conducted on Ovid and PubMed databases to select relevant in vitro, animal and human studies that have reported expression, protein abundance and function of the gastrointestinal and liver localized ABC transporters and SLC carriers in kidney dysfunction or uremia states. The altered function of drug transporters in the liver and intestines in kidney failure subjects may provide compensatory activity in handling endogenous compounds (e.g. uremic toxins), which is expected to affect drug pharmacokinetics and local drug actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Droździk
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstancow Wlkp 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Stefan Oswald
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Agnieszka Droździk
- Department of Integrated Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstancow Wlkp 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.
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4
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Bansal A, Balasubramanian S, Dhawan S, Leung A, Chen Z, Natarajan R. Integrative Omics Analyses Reveal Epigenetic Memory in Diabetic Renal Cells Regulating Genes Associated With Kidney Dysfunction. Diabetes 2020; 69:2490-2502. [PMID: 32747424 PMCID: PMC7576555 DOI: 10.2337/db20-0382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a major complication of diabetes and the leading cause of end-stage renal failure. Epigenetics has been associated with metabolic memory in which prior periods of hyperglycemia enhance the future risk of developing DKD despite subsequent glycemic control. To understand the mechanistic role of such epigenetic memory in human DKD and to identify new therapeutic targets, we profiled gene expression, DNA methylation, and chromatin accessibility in kidney proximal tubule epithelial cells (PTECs) derived from subjects with and without type 2 diabetes (T2D). T2D-PTECs displayed persistent gene expression and epigenetic changes with and without transforming growth factor-β1 treatment, even after culturing in vitro under similar conditions as nondiabetic PTECs, signified by deregulation of fibrotic and transport-associated genes (TAGs). Motif analysis of differential DNA methylation and chromatin accessibility regions associated with genes differentially regulated in T2D revealed enrichment for SMAD3, HNF4A, and CTCF transcription factor binding sites. Furthermore, the downregulation of several TAGs in T2D (including CLDN10, CLDN14, CLDN16, SLC16A2, and SLC16A5) was associated with promoter hypermethylation, decreased chromatin accessibility, and reduced enrichment of HNF4A, histone H3-lysine-27-acetylation, and CTCF. Together, these integrative analyses reveal epigenetic memory underlying the deregulation of key target genes in T2D-PTECs that may contribute to sustained renal dysfunction in DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Bansal
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Sreeram Balasubramanian
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA
| | - Sangeeta Dhawan
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Amy Leung
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Zhen Chen
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Rama Natarajan
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA
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5
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Regulation of organic anion transporters: Role in physiology, pathophysiology, and drug elimination. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 217:107647. [PMID: 32758646 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The members of the organic anion transporter (OAT) family are mainly expressed in kidney, liver, placenta, intestine, and brain. These transporters play important roles in the disposition of clinical drugs, pesticides, signaling molecules, heavy metal conjugates, components of phytomedicines, and toxins, and therefore critical for maintaining systemic homeostasis. Alterations in the expression and function of OATs contribute to the intra- and inter-individual variability of the therapeutic efficacy and the toxicity of many drugs, and to many pathophysiological conditions. Consequently, the activity of these transporters must be highly regulated to carry out their normal functions. This review will present an update on the recent advance in understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of renal OATs, emphasizing on the post-translational modification (PTM), the crosstalk among these PTMs, and the remote sensing and signaling network of OATs. Such knowledge will provide significant insights into the roles of these transporters in health and disease.
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6
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Longitudinal Visualization of Viable Cancer Cell Intratumoral Distribution in Mouse Models Using Oatp1a1-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Invest Radiol 2019; 54:302-311. [PMID: 30672844 DOI: 10.1097/rli.0000000000000542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Multimodality reporter gene imaging provides valuable, noninvasive information on the fate of engineered cell populations. To complement magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures of tumor volume and 2-dimensional reporter-based optical measures of cell viability, reporter-based MRI may offer 3-dimensional information on the distribution of viable cancer cells in deep tissues. MATERIALS AND METHODS Here, we engineered human and murine triple-negative breast cancer cells with lentivirus encoding tdTomato and firefly luciferase for fluorescence imaging and bioluminescence imaging (BLI). A subset of these cells was additionally engineered with lentivirus encoding organic anion transporting polypeptide 1a1 (Oatp1a1) for MRI. Oatp1a1 operates by transporting gadolinium ethoxybenzyl diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-EOB-DTPA) into cells, and it concomitantly improves BLI substrate uptake. After orthotopic implantation of engineered cells expressing or not expressing Oatp1a1, longitudinal fluorescence imaging, BLI, and 3-Tesla MRI were performed. RESULTS Oatp1a1-expressing tumors displayed significantly increased BLI signals relative to control tumors at all time points (P < 0.05). On MRI, post-Gd-EOB-DTPA T1-weighted images of Oatp1a1-expressing tumors exhibited significantly increased contrast-to-noise ratios compared with control tumors and precontrast images (P < 0.05). At endpoint, tumors expressing Oatp1a1 displayed intratumoral MR signal heterogeneity not present at earlier time points. Pixel-based analysis of matched in vivo MR and ex vivo fluorescence microscopy images revealed a strong, positive correlation between MR intensity and tdTomato intensity for Oatp1a1-expressing tumors (P < 0.05), but not control tumors. CONCLUSIONS These results characterize Oatp1a1 as a sensitive, quantitative, positive contrast MRI reporter gene for 3-dimensional assessment of viable cancer cell intratumoral distribution and concomitant BLI enhancement. This multimodality reporter gene system can provide new insights into the influence of viable cancer cell intratumoral distribution on tumor progression and metastasis, as well as improved assessments of anticancer therapies.
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7
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Shuboni-Mulligan DD, Parys M, Blanco-Fernandez B, Mallett CL, Schnegelberger R, Takada M, Chakravarty S, Hagenbuch B, Shapiro EM. Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI of OATP Dysfunction in Diabetes. Diabetes 2019; 68:271-280. [PMID: 30487262 PMCID: PMC6341305 DOI: 10.2337/db18-0525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is associated with hepatic metabolic dysfunction predisposing patients to drug-induced liver injury. Mouse models of type 2 diabetes (T2D) have dramatically reduced expression of organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP)1A1, a transporter expressed in hepatocytes and in the kidneys. The effects of diabetes on OATP1B2 expression are less studied and less consistent. OATP1A1 and OATP1B2 both transport endogenous substrates such as bile acids and hormone conjugates as well as numerous drugs including gadoxetate disodium (Gd-EOB-DTPA). As master pharmacokinetic regulators, the altered expression of OATPs in diabetes could have a profound and clinically significant influence on drug therapies. Here, we report a method to noninvasively measure OATP activity in T2D mice by quantifying the transport of hepatobiliary-specific gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) within the liver and kidneys using dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI). By comparing GBCA uptake in control and OATP knockout mice, we confirmed liver clearance of the hepatobiliary-specific GBCAs, Gd-EOB-DTPA, and gadobenate dimeglumine, primarily though OATP transporters. Then, we measured a reduction in the hepatic uptake of these hepatobiliary GBCAs in T2D ob/ob mice, which mirrored significant reductions in the mRNA and protein expression of OATP1A1 and OATP1B2. As these GBCAs are U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved agents and DCE-MRI is a standard clinical protocol, studies to determine OATP1B1/1B3 deficiencies in human individuals with diabetes can be easily envisioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorela D Shuboni-Mulligan
- Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
- Institute for Quantitative Health Sciences and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Maciej Parys
- Department of Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Barbara Blanco-Fernandez
- Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
- Institute for Quantitative Health Sciences and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Christiane L Mallett
- Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
- Institute for Quantitative Health Sciences and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Regina Schnegelberger
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, MO
| | - Marilia Takada
- Department of Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Shatadru Chakravarty
- Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
- Institute for Quantitative Health Sciences and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Bruno Hagenbuch
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, MO
| | - Erik M Shapiro
- Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
- Institute for Quantitative Health Sciences and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
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8
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Te Brake LHM, Yunivita V, Livia R, Soetedjo N, van Ewijk-Beneken Kolmer E, Koenderink JB, Burger DM, Santoso P, van Crevel R, Alisjahbana B, Aarnoutse RE, Ruslami R. Rifampicin Alters Metformin Plasma Exposure but Not Blood Glucose Levels in Diabetic Tuberculosis Patients. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2018; 105:730-737. [PMID: 30222857 PMCID: PMC6587702 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.1232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The pharmacokinetic (PK) and clinical implications of combining metformin with rifampicin are relevant to increasing numbers of patients with diabetic tuberculosis (TB) across the world and are yet unclear. We assessed the impact of rifampicin on metformin PKs and its glucose‐lowering effect in patients with diabetic TB by measuring plasma metformin and blood glucose during and after TB treatment. Rifampicin increased metformin exposure: plasma area under the plasma concentration‐time curve from time point 0 to the end of the dosing interval (AUC0–τ) and peak plasma concentration (Cmax) geometric mean ratio (GMR; during vs. after TB treatment) were 1.28 (90% confidence interval (CI) 1.13–1.44) and 1.19 (90% CI 1.02–1.38; n = 22). The metformin glucose‐lowering efficacy did not change (Δglucose − Cmax; P = 0.890; n = 18). Thus, we conclude that additional glucose monitoring in this population is not warranted. Finally, 57% of patients on metformin and rifampicin, and 38% of patients on metformin alone experienced gastrointestinal adverse effects. Considering this observation, we advise patients to take metformin and rifampicin with food and preferably separated in time. Clinicians could consider metoclopramide if gastrointestinal adverse effects occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey H M Te Brake
- Department of Pharmacy, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Vycke Yunivita
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Resvi Livia
- TB-HIV Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Nanny Soetedjo
- Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | | | - Jan B Koenderink
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - David M Burger
- Department of Pharmacy, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Prayudi Santoso
- Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Reinout van Crevel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bachti Alisjahbana
- TB-HIV Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Rob E Aarnoutse
- Department of Pharmacy, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rovina Ruslami
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
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9
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Lu X, Chan T, Cheng Z, Shams T, Zhu L, Murray M, Zhou F. The 5'-AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Regulates the Function and Expression of Human Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptide 1A2. Mol Pharmacol 2018; 94:1412-1420. [PMID: 30348897 DOI: 10.1124/mol.118.113423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs) are important membrane proteins that mediate the cellular uptake of drugs and endogenous substances. OATP1A2 is widely distributed in many human tissues that are targeted in drug therapy; defective OATP1A2 leads to altered drug disposition influencing therapeutic outcomes. 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling plays an important role in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome characterized by an increased incidence of type II diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. This study investigated the regulatory role of AMPK in OATP1A2 transport function and expression. We found that the treatment of AMPK-specific inhibitor compound C (dorsomorphin dihydrochloride) decreased OATP1A2-mediated uptake of estrone-3-sulfate in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. The impaired OATP1A2 function was associated with a reduced Vmax [154.6 ± 17.9 pmol × (μg × 4 minutes)-1 in compound C-treated cells vs. 413.6 ± 52.5 pmol × (μg × 4 minutes)-1 in controls]; the Km was unchanged. The cell-surface expression of OATP1A2 was decreased by compound C treatment, but total cellular expression was unchanged. The impaired cell-surface expression of OATP1A2 was associated with accelerated internalization and impaired targeting/recycling. Silencing of the AMPK α1-subunit using specific small interfering RNA corroborated the findings with compound C and revealed a role for AMPK in regulating OATP1A2 protein stability. Overall, this study implicated AMPK in the regulation of the function and expression of OATP1A2, which potentially impacts on the disposition of OATP1A2 drug substrates that may be used to treat patients with the metabolic syndrome and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxi Lu
- School of Pharmacy (X.L., T.C., Z.C., T.S., F.Z.), Save Sight Institute (L.Z.), and Discipline of Pharmacology (M.M.), Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Koto-ku, Tokyo, Japan (T.C.)
| | - Ting Chan
- School of Pharmacy (X.L., T.C., Z.C., T.S., F.Z.), Save Sight Institute (L.Z.), and Discipline of Pharmacology (M.M.), Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Koto-ku, Tokyo, Japan (T.C.)
| | - Zhengqi Cheng
- School of Pharmacy (X.L., T.C., Z.C., T.S., F.Z.), Save Sight Institute (L.Z.), and Discipline of Pharmacology (M.M.), Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Koto-ku, Tokyo, Japan (T.C.)
| | - Tahiatul Shams
- School of Pharmacy (X.L., T.C., Z.C., T.S., F.Z.), Save Sight Institute (L.Z.), and Discipline of Pharmacology (M.M.), Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Koto-ku, Tokyo, Japan (T.C.)
| | - Ling Zhu
- School of Pharmacy (X.L., T.C., Z.C., T.S., F.Z.), Save Sight Institute (L.Z.), and Discipline of Pharmacology (M.M.), Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Koto-ku, Tokyo, Japan (T.C.)
| | - Michael Murray
- School of Pharmacy (X.L., T.C., Z.C., T.S., F.Z.), Save Sight Institute (L.Z.), and Discipline of Pharmacology (M.M.), Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Koto-ku, Tokyo, Japan (T.C.)
| | - Fanfan Zhou
- School of Pharmacy (X.L., T.C., Z.C., T.S., F.Z.), Save Sight Institute (L.Z.), and Discipline of Pharmacology (M.M.), Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Koto-ku, Tokyo, Japan (T.C.)
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10
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Chen F, Li DY, Zhang B, Sun JY, Sun F, Ji X, Qiu JC, Parker RB, Laizure SC, Xu J. Alterations of drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters under diabetic conditions: what is the potential clinical significance? Drug Metab Rev 2018; 50:369-397. [PMID: 30221555 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2018.1497645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Translational Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - De-Yi Li
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jie-Yu Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fang Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xing Ji
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin-Chun Qiu
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Robert B. Parker
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Translational Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - S. Casey Laizure
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Translational Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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11
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Murray M, Zhou F. Trafficking and other regulatory mechanisms for organic anion transporting polypeptides and organic anion transporters that modulate cellular drug and xenobiotic influx and that are dysregulated in disease. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:1908-1924. [PMID: 28299773 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic anion transporters (OATs) and organic anion-transporting polypeptides (OATPs), encoded by a number of solute carrier (SLC)22A and SLC organic anion (SLCO) genes, mediate the absorption and distribution of drugs and other xenobiotics. The regulation of OATs and OATPs is complex, comprising both transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms. Plasma membrane expression is required for cellular substrate influx by OATs/OATPs. Thus, interest in post-translational regulatory processes, including membrane targeting, endocytosis, recycling and degradation of transporter proteins, is increasing because these are critical for plasma membrane expression. After being synthesized, transporters undergo N-glycosylation in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus and are delivered to the plasma membrane by vesicular transport. Their expression at the cell surface is maintained by de novo synthesis and recycling, which occurs after clathrin- and/or caveolin-dependent endocytosis of existing protein. Several studies have shown that phosphorylation by signalling kinases is important for the internalization and recycling processes, although the transporter protein does not appear to be directly phosphorylated. After internalization, transporters that are targeted for degradation undergo ubiquitination, most likely on intracellular loop residues. Epigenetic mechanisms, including methylation of gene regulatory regions and transcription from alternate promoters, are also significant in the regulation of certain SLC22A/SLCO genes. The membrane expression of OATs/OATPs is dysregulated in disease, which affects drug efficacy and detoxification. Several transporters are expressed in the cytoplasmic subcompartment in disease states, which suggests that membrane targeting/internalization/recycling may be impaired. This article focuses on recent developments in OAT and OATP regulation, their dysregulation in disease and the significance for drug therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Murray
- Pharmacogenomics and Drug Development Group, Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Fanfan Zhou
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
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Xu D, Wang H, You G. Posttranslational Regulation of Organic Anion Transporters by Ubiquitination: Known and Novel. Med Res Rev 2016; 36:964-79. [PMID: 27291023 DOI: 10.1002/med.21397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Organic anion transporters (OATs) encoded by solute carrier 22 family are localized in the epithelia of multiple organs, where they mediate the absorption, distribution, and excretion of a diverse array of negatively charged environmental toxins and clinically important drugs. Alterations in the expression and function of OATs play important roles in intra- and interindividual variability of the therapeutic efficacy and the toxicity of many drugs. As a result, the activity of OATs must be under tight regulation so as to carry out their normal functions. The regulation of OAT transport activity in response to various stimuli can occur at several levels such as transcription, translation, and posttranslational modification. Posttranslational regulation is of particular interest, because it usually happens within a very short period of time (minutes to hours) when the body has to deal with rapidly changing amounts of substances as a consequence of variable intake of drugs, fluids, or meals as well as metabolic activity. This review article highlights the recent advances from our laboratory in uncovering several posttranslational mechanisms underlying OAT regulation. These advances offer the promise of identifying targets for novel strategies that will maximize therapeutic efficacy in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854
| | - Haoxun Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854
| | - Guofeng You
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854
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