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Franceschini N, Verbruggen B, Tryfonidou MA, Kruisselbrink AB, Baelde H, de Visser KE, Szuhai K, Cleton-Jansen AM, Bovée JVMG. Transformed Canine and Murine Mesenchymal Stem Cells as a Model for Sarcoma with Complex Genomics. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13051126. [PMID: 33807947 PMCID: PMC7961539 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13051126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Sarcomas are rare cancers of mesenchymal origin, the majority of which are characterized by many copy number alterations, amplifications, or deletions. Because of these complex genomics, it is notoriously difficult to identify driver events of malignant transformation. In this study, we show that murine and canine mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be used to model spontaneous malignant transformation towards sarcomas with complex genomics. We show that these MSCs have an abnormal karyotype, many structural variants, and point mutations at whole genome sequencing analysis, and form sarcomas after injection into mice. Our cross-species analysis reveals that p53 loss is an early event in sarcomagenesis, and it was shown that MSCs with a knock-out in Trp53 transform earlier compared to wild-type MSCs. Our study points to the importance of p53 loss in the transformation process towards sarcomas with complex genomics. Abstract Sarcomas are rare mesenchymal tumors with a broad histological spectrum, but they can be divided into two groups based on molecular pathology: sarcomas with simple or complex genomics. Tumors with complex genomics can have aneuploidy and copy number gains and losses, which hampers the detection of early, initiating events in tumorigenesis. Often, no benign precursors are known, which is why good models are essential. The mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) is the presumed cell of origin of sarcoma. In this study, MSCs of murine and canine origin are used as a model to identify driver events for sarcomas with complex genomic alterations as they transform spontaneously after long-term culture. All transformed murine but not canine MSCs formed sarcomas after subcutaneous injection in mice. Using whole genome sequencing, spontaneously transformed murine and canine MSCs displayed a complex karyotype with aneuploidy, point mutations, structural variants, inter-chromosomal translocations, and copy number gains and losses. Cross-species analysis revealed that point mutations in Tp53/Trp53 are common in transformed murine and canine MSCs. Murine MSCs with a cre-recombinase induced deletion of exon 2–10 of Trp53 transformed earlier compared to wild-type murine MSCs, confirming the contribution of loss of p53 to spontaneous transformation. Our comparative approach using transformed murine and canine MSCs points to a crucial role for p53 loss in the formation of sarcomas with complex genomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasja Franceschini
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (N.F.); (B.V.); (A.B.K.); (H.B.); (A.-M.C.-J.)
| | - Bas Verbruggen
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (N.F.); (B.V.); (A.B.K.); (H.B.); (A.-M.C.-J.)
| | - Marianna A. Tryfonidou
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Alwine B. Kruisselbrink
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (N.F.); (B.V.); (A.B.K.); (H.B.); (A.-M.C.-J.)
| | - Hans Baelde
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (N.F.); (B.V.); (A.B.K.); (H.B.); (A.-M.C.-J.)
| | - Karin E. de Visser
- Division of Tumour Biology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- Oncode Institute, Office Jaarbeurs Innovation Mile (JIM), Jaarbeursplein 6, 3521 AL Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Karoly Szuhai
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - Anne-Marie Cleton-Jansen
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (N.F.); (B.V.); (A.B.K.); (H.B.); (A.-M.C.-J.)
| | - Judith V. M. G. Bovée
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (N.F.); (B.V.); (A.B.K.); (H.B.); (A.-M.C.-J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-715266622
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Manabe S, Kasajima R, Murakami S, Miyagi Y, Yokose T, Kondo T, Saito H, Ito H, Kaneko T, Yamada K. Analysis of targeted somatic mutations in pleomorphic carcinoma of the lung using next-generation sequencing technique. Thorac Cancer 2020; 11:2262-2269. [PMID: 32578376 PMCID: PMC7396383 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.13536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pleomorphic carcinoma (PC) of the lung is a rare type of lung cancer with aggressive characteristics and a poor prognosis. Because it is rare, the molecular characteristics of PC remain unclear. METHODS A gene mutation analysis was performed using next-generation sequencing (NGS) in patients with PC of the lung who had undergone surgical resection. RESULTS A total of nine patients were enrolled in the study. All the patients were male and eight had a history of smoking. Eight tumors contained spindle cells and three contained giant cells. Mutations considered significant were found in eight of the nine patients: in TP53 in five patients, in MET in two patients, and in ALK, ERBB2, PIK3CA, APC, NF1, and CDKN2A in one patient each. No EGFR mutation was detected in our analysis. Co-mutations were detected in three patients: TP53 with MET and NF1, TP53 with ERBB2, and PIK3CA with CDKN2A. CONCLUSIONS TP53 mutations were detected most frequently in PC of the lung with NGS analysis. Different co-mutations were seen in several specimens. KEY POINTS Significant findings of the study This study demonstrates that mutations in the TP53 gene are frequently found and co-mutations are sometimes found in pleomorphic carcinoma of the lung using genomic profiling analysis. What this study adds Our results will help to analogize the genetic characteristics and potential target of molecular-targeted agents of pleomorphic carcinoma of the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saki Manabe
- Department of Thoracic OncologyKanagawa Cancer CenterYokohamaJapan
| | - Rika Kasajima
- Molecular Pathology and Genetics DivisionKanagawa Cancer Center Research InstituteYokohamaJapan
| | - Shuji Murakami
- Department of Thoracic OncologyKanagawa Cancer CenterYokohamaJapan
| | - Yohei Miyagi
- Molecular Pathology and Genetics DivisionKanagawa Cancer Center Research InstituteYokohamaJapan
| | | | - Tetsuro Kondo
- Department of Thoracic OncologyKanagawa Cancer CenterYokohamaJapan
| | - Haruhiro Saito
- Department of Thoracic OncologyKanagawa Cancer CenterYokohamaJapan
| | - Hiroyuki Ito
- Department of Thoracic OncologyKanagawa Cancer CenterYokohamaJapan
| | - Takeshi Kaneko
- Department of PulmonologyYokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineYokohamaJapan
| | - Kouzo Yamada
- Department of Thoracic OncologyKanagawa Cancer CenterYokohamaJapan
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Seo J, Park M. Molecular crosstalk between cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:2659-2680. [PMID: 31884567 PMCID: PMC7326806 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03428-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The progression of cancers and neurodegenerative disorders is largely defined by a set of molecular determinants that are either complementarily deregulated, or share remarkably overlapping functional pathways. A large number of such molecules have been demonstrated to be involved in the progression of both diseases. In this review, we particularly discuss our current knowledge on p53, cyclin D, cyclin E, cyclin F, Pin1 and protein phosphatase 2A, and their implications in the shared or distinct pathways that lead to cancers or neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, we focus on the inter-dependent regulation of brain cancers and neurodegeneration, mediated by intercellular communication between tumor and neuronal cells in the brain through the extracellular microenvironment. Finally, we shed light on the therapeutic perspectives for the treatment of both cancer and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyeon Seo
- Center for Functional Connectomics, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, South Korea
- Center for Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, South Korea
| | - Mikyoung Park
- Center for Functional Connectomics, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, South Korea.
- Department of Neuroscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, South Korea.
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Smyczyńska U, Strzemecki D, Czarnecka AM, Fendler W, Fiedorowicz M, Wełniak-Kamińska M, Guzowska M, Synoradzki K, Cheda Ł, Rogulski Z, Grieb P. TP53-Deficient Angiosarcoma Expression Profiling in Rat Model. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061525. [PMID: 32532104 PMCID: PMC7352674 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcomas are a heterogeneous group of malignant tumors, that develop from mesenchymal cells. Sarcomas are tumors associated with poor prognosis and expected short overall survival. Efforts to improve treatment efficacy and treatment outcomes of advanced and metastatic sarcoma patients have not led to significant improvements in the last decades. In the Tp53C273X/C273X rat model we therefore aimed to characterize specific gene expression pattern of angiosarcomas with a loss of TP53 function. The presence of metabolically active tumors in several locations including the brain, head and neck, extremities and abdomen was confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) examinations. Limb angiosarcoma tumors were selected for microarray expression analysis. The most upregulated pathways in angiosarcoma vs all other tissues were related to cell cycle with mitosis and meiosis, chromosome, nucleosome and telomere maintenance as well as DNA replication and recombination. The downregulated genes were responsible for metabolism, including respiratory chain electron transport, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, fatty acid metabolism and amino-acid catabolism. Our findings demonstrated that the type of developing sarcoma depends on genetic background, underscoring the importance of developing more malignancy susceptibility models in various strains and species to simulate the study of the diverse genetics of human sarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Smyczyńska
- Department of Biostatistics and Translational Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (U.S.); (W.F.)
| | - Damian Strzemecki
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (D.S.); (M.F.); (M.W.-K.); (M.G.); (K.S.); (P.G.)
| | - Anna M. Czarnecka
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (D.S.); (M.F.); (M.W.-K.); (M.G.); (K.S.); (P.G.)
- Department of Soft Tissue, Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-22-608-6474
| | - Wojciech Fendler
- Department of Biostatistics and Translational Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (U.S.); (W.F.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02284-9168, USA
| | - Michał Fiedorowicz
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (D.S.); (M.F.); (M.W.-K.); (M.G.); (K.S.); (P.G.)
- Small Animal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Laboratory, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marlena Wełniak-Kamińska
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (D.S.); (M.F.); (M.W.-K.); (M.G.); (K.S.); (P.G.)
- Small Animal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Laboratory, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Guzowska
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (D.S.); (M.F.); (M.W.-K.); (M.G.); (K.S.); (P.G.)
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kamil Synoradzki
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (D.S.); (M.F.); (M.W.-K.); (M.G.); (K.S.); (P.G.)
| | - Łukasz Cheda
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (Ł.C.); (Z.R.)
| | - Zbigniew Rogulski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (Ł.C.); (Z.R.)
| | - Paweł Grieb
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (D.S.); (M.F.); (M.W.-K.); (M.G.); (K.S.); (P.G.)
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Franceschini N, Lam SW, Cleton-Jansen AM, Bovée JVMG. What's new in bone forming tumours of the skeleton? Virchows Arch 2020; 476:147-157. [PMID: 31741049 PMCID: PMC6969005 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-019-02683-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bone tumours are difficult to diagnose and treat, as they are rare and over 60 different subtypes are recognised. The emergence of next-generation sequencing has partly elucidated the molecular mechanisms behind these tumours, including the group of bone forming tumours (osteoma, osteoid osteoma, osteoblastoma and osteosarcoma). Increased knowledge on the molecular mechanism could help to identify novel diagnostic markers and/or treatment options. Osteoid osteoma and osteoblastoma are bone forming tumours without malignant potential that have overlapping morphology. They were recently shown to carry FOS and-to a lesser extent-FOSB rearrangements suggesting that these tumours are closely related. The presence of these rearrangements could help discriminate these entities from other lesions with woven bone deposition. Osteosarcoma is a malignant bone forming tumour for which different histological subtypes are recognised. High-grade osteosarcoma is the prototype of a complex karyotype tumour, and extensive research exploring its molecular background has identified phenomena like chromothripsis and kataegis and some recurrent alterations. Due to lack of specificity, this has not led to a valuable novel diagnostic marker so far. Nevertheless, these studies have also pointed towards potential targetable drivers of which the therapeutic merit remains to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasja Franceschini
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, L1-Q, 2300 RC, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Suk Wai Lam
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, L1-Q, 2300 RC, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Anne-Marie Cleton-Jansen
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, L1-Q, 2300 RC, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Judith V M G Bovée
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, L1-Q, 2300 RC, Leiden, Netherlands.
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Gomarteli K, Fleckenstein J, Kirschner S, Bobu V, Brockmann MA, Henzler T, Meyer M, Riffel P, Schönberg SO, Veldwijk MR, Kränzlin B, Hoerner C, Glatting G, Wenz F, Herskind C, Giordano FA. Radiation-induced malignancies after intensity-modulated versus conventional mediastinal radiotherapy in a small animal model. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15489. [PMID: 31664066 PMCID: PMC6820874 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51735-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A long-standing hypothesis in radiotherapy is that intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) increases the risk of second cancer due to low-dose exposure of large volumes of normal tissue. Therefore, young patients are still treated with conventional techniques rather than with modern IMRT. We challenged this hypothesis in first-of-its-kind experiments using an animal model. Cancer-prone Tp53+/C273X knockout rats received mediastinal irradiation with 3 × 5 or 3 × 8 Gy using volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT, an advanced IMRT) or conventional anterior-posterior/posterior-anterior (AP/PA) beams using non-irradiated rats as controls (n = 15/group, ntotal = 90). Tumors were assigned to volumes receiving 90–107%, 50–90%, 5–50%, and <5% of the target dose and characterized by histology and loss-of-heterozygosity (LOH). Irradiated rats predominantly developed lymphomas and sarcomas in areas receiving 50–107% (n = 26) rather than 5–50% (n = 7) of the target dose. Latency was significantly shortened only after 3 × 8 Gy vs. controls (p < 0.0001). The frequency (14/28 vs. 19/29; p = 0.29) and latency (218 vs. 189 days; p = 0.17) of radiation-associated tumors were similar after VMAT vs. AP/PA. LOH was strongly associated with sarcoma but not with treatment. The results do not support the hypothesis that IMRT increases the risk of second cancer. Thus the current practice of withholding dose-sparing IMRT from young patients may need to be re-evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaga Gomarteli
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jens Fleckenstein
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stefanie Kirschner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.,Department of Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Vladimir Bobu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Marc A Brockmann
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Henzler
- Department of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Mathias Meyer
- Department of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Philipp Riffel
- Department of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stefan O Schönberg
- Department of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Marlon R Veldwijk
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Bettina Kränzlin
- Medical Research Center, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christian Hoerner
- Institute of Pathology, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Gerhard Glatting
- Medical Radiation Physics, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Frederik Wenz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Carsten Herskind
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Frank A Giordano
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
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Toma-Jonik A, Vydra N, Janus P, Widłak W. Interplay between HSF1 and p53 signaling pathways in cancer initiation and progression: non-oncogene and oncogene addiction. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2019; 42:579-589. [DOI: 10.1007/s13402-019-00452-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Luijten MNH, Lee JXT, Crasta KC. Mutational game changer: Chromothripsis and its emerging relevance to cancer. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2018; 777:29-51. [PMID: 30115429 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the paradigm that genomic abnormalities in cancer cells arise through progressive accumulation of mutational events has been challenged by the discovery of single catastrophic events. One such phenomenon termed chromothripsis, involving massive chromosomal rearrangements arising all at once, has emerged as a major mutational game changer. The strong interest in this process stems from its widespread association with a range of cancer types and its potential as a mutational driver. In this review, we first describe chromothripsis detection and incidence in cancers. We then explore recently proposed underlying mechanistic origins, which explain the curious observations of the highly localised nature of the rearrangements on chromothriptic chromosomes. Detection of chromothriptic patterns following incorporation of single chromosomes into micronuclei or following telomere attrition have greatly contributed to our understanding of the reasons behind this chromosomal restriction. These underlying cellular events have been found to be participants in the tumourigenic process, strongly suggesting a potential role for chromothripsis in cancer development. Thus, we discuss potential implications of chromothripsis for cancer progression and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeannie Xue Ting Lee
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, 636921, Singapore.
| | - Karen Carmelina Crasta
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, 636921, Singapore; School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, 61 Biopolis Drive, 138673, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
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9
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Teye EK, Sido A, Xin P, Finnberg NK, Gokare P, Kawasawa YI, Salzberg AC, Shimko S, Bayerl M, Ehmann WC, Claxton DF, Rybka WB, Drabick JJ, Wang HG, Abraham T, El-Deiry WS, Brodsky RA, J Hohl R, Pu JJ. PIGN gene expression aberration is associated with genomic instability and leukemic progression in acute myeloid leukemia with myelodysplastic features. Oncotarget 2018; 8:29887-29905. [PMID: 28187452 PMCID: PMC5444711 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have linked increased frequency of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor protein (GPI-AP) deficiency with genomic instability and the risk of carcinogenesis. However, the underlying mechanism is still not clear. A randomForest analysis of the gene expression array data from 55 MDS patients (GSE4619) demonstrated a significant (p = 0.0007) correlation (Pearson r =-0.4068) between GPI-anchor biosynthesis gene expression and genomic instability, in which PIGN, a gene participating in GPI-AP biosynthesis, was ranked as the third most important in predicting risk of MDS progression. Furthermore, we observed that PIGN gene expression aberrations (increased transcriptional activity but diminished to no protein production) were associated with increased frequency of GPI-AP deficiency in leukemic cells during leukemic transformation/progression. PIGN gene expression aberrations were attributed to partial intron retentions between exons 14 and 15 resulting in frameshifts and premature termination which were confirmed by examining the RNA-seq data from a group of AML patients (phs001027.v1.p1). PIGN gene expression aberration correlated with the elevation of genomic instability marker expression that was independent of the TP53 regulatory pathway. Suppression/elimination of PIGN protein expression caused a similar pattern of genomic instability that was rescued by PIGN restoration. Finally, we found that PIGN bound to the spindle assembly checkpoint protein, MAD1, and regulated its expression during the cell cycle. In conclusion, PIGN gene is crucial in regulating mitotic integrity to maintain chromosomal stability and prevents leukemic transformation/progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel K Teye
- Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute and Department of Medicine, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Abigail Sido
- Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute and Department of Medicine, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ping Xin
- Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute and Department of Medicine, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Niklas K Finnberg
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Prashanth Gokare
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yuka I Kawasawa
- Institute for Personalized Medicine and Departments of Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anna C Salzberg
- Institute for Personalized Medicine and Departments of Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sara Shimko
- Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute and Department of Medicine, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael Bayerl
- Department of Pathology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - W Christopher Ehmann
- Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute and Department of Medicine, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David F Claxton
- Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute and Department of Medicine, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Witold B Rybka
- Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute and Department of Medicine, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Pathology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Joseph J Drabick
- Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute and Department of Medicine, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hong-Gang Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Thomas Abraham
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Science and the Microscopy Imaging Facility, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Wafik S El-Deiry
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Robert A Brodsky
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Raymond J Hohl
- Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute and Department of Medicine, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Pu
- Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute and Department of Medicine, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Pathology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
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Marinoni I, Wiederkeher A, Wiedmer T, Pantasis S, Di Domenico A, Frank R, Vassella E, Schmitt A, Perren A. Hypo-methylation mediates chromosomal instability in pancreatic NET. Endocr Relat Cancer 2017; 24:137-146. [PMID: 28115389 DOI: 10.1530/erc-16-0554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
DAXX and or ATRX loss occur in 40% of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs). PanNETs negative for DAXX or ATRX show an increased risk of relapse. The tumor-associated pathways activated upon DAXX or ATRX loss and how this event may induce chromosomal instability (CIN) and alternative lengthening telomeres (ALT) are still unknown. Both DAXX and ATRX are involved in DNA methylation regulation. DNA methylation of heterochromatin and of non-coding sequences is extremely important for the maintenance of genomic stability. We analyzed the association of DAXX and/or ATRX loss and CIN with global DNA methylation in human PanNET samples and the effect of DAXX knock-down on methylation and cell proliferation. We assessed LINE1 as well as global DNA methylation in 167 PanNETs, and we found that DAXX and or ATRX-negative tumors and tumors with CIN were hypomethylated. DAXX knock-down in PanNET cell lines blocked cells in G1/G0 phase and seemed to increase CIN in QGP-1 cells. However, no direct changes in DNA methylation were observed after DAXX knock-down in vitro In conclusion, our data indicate that epigenetic changes are crucial steps in the progression of PanNETs loss and suggest that DNA methylation is the mechanism via which CIN is induced, allowing clonal expansion and selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Marinoni
- Institute of PathologyUniversity of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - A Wiederkeher
- Institute of PathologyUniversity of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - T Wiedmer
- Institute of PathologyUniversity of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- GCB Graduate School BernBern, Switzerland
| | - S Pantasis
- Institute of PathologyUniversity of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - A Di Domenico
- Institute of PathologyUniversity of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- GCB Graduate School BernBern, Switzerland
| | - R Frank
- Institute of PathologyUniversity of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - E Vassella
- Institute of PathologyUniversity of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - A Schmitt
- Institute of PathologyUniversity of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - A Perren
- Institute of PathologyUniversity of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Hansen SA, Hart ML, Busi S, Parker T, Goerndt A, Jones K, Amos-Landgraf JM, Bryda EC. Fischer-344 Tp53-knockout rats exhibit a high rate of bone and brain neoplasia with frequent metastasis. Dis Model Mech 2016; 9:1139-1146. [PMID: 27528400 PMCID: PMC5087826 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.025767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Somatic mutations in the Tp53 tumor suppressor gene are the most commonly seen genetic alterations in cancer, and germline mutations in Tp53 predispose individuals to a variety of early-onset cancers. Development of appropriate translational animal models that carry mutations in Tp53 and recapitulate human disease are important for drug discovery, biomarker development and disease modeling. Current Tp53 mouse and rat models have significant phenotypic and genetic limitations, and often do not recapitulate certain aspects of human disease. We used a marker-assisted speed congenic approach to transfer a well-characterized Tp53-mutant allele from an outbred rat to the genetically inbred Fischer-344 (F344) rat to create the F344-Tp53tm1(EGFP-Pac)Qly/Rrrc (F344-Tp53) strain. On the F344 genetic background, the tumor spectrum shifted, with the primary tumor types being osteosarcomas and meningeal sarcomas, compared to the hepatic hemangiosarcoma and lymphoma identified in the original outbred stock model. The Fischer model is more consistent with the early onset of bone and central nervous system sarcomas found in humans with germline Tp53 mutations. The frequency of osteosarcomas in F344-Tp53 homozygous and heterozygous animals was 57% and 36%, respectively. Tumors were highly representative of human disease radiographically and histologically, with tumors found primarily on long bones with frequent pulmonary metastases. Importantly, the rapid onset of osteosarcomas in this promising new model fills a current void in animal models that recapitulate human pediatric osteosarcomas and could facilitate studies to identify therapeutic targets. Editors' choice: Transferring a Tp53-knockout allele from an outbred rat stock to the F344 inbred rat genetic background alters the spectrum of tumors, providing a model of early-onset brain and bone sarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Hansen
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MI 65211, USA
| | - Marcia L Hart
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MI 65211, USA
| | - Susheel Busi
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MI 65211, USA
| | - Taybor Parker
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MI 65211, USA
| | - Angela Goerndt
- Rat Resource and Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MI 65211, USA
| | - Kevin Jones
- Departments of Orthopaedics and Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - James M Amos-Landgraf
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MI 65211, USA Rat Resource and Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MI 65211, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Bryda
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MI 65211, USA Rat Resource and Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MI 65211, USA
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