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Chen S, Overberg K, Ghouse Z, Hollmann MW, Weber NC, Coronel R, Zuurbier CJ. Empagliflozin mitigates cardiac hypertrophy through cardiac RSK/NHE-1 inhibition. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116477. [PMID: 38522235 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND SGLT2i reduce cardiac hypertrophy, but underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Here we explore a role for serine/threonine kinases (STK) and sodium hydrogen exchanger 1(NHE1) activities in SGLT2i effects on cardiac hypertrophy. METHODS Isolated hearts from db/db mice were perfused with 1 µM EMPA, and STK phosphorylation sites were examined using unbiased multiplex analysis to detect the most affected STKs by EMPA. Subsequently, hypertrophy was induced in H9c2 cells with 50 µM phenylephrine (PE), and the role of the most affected STK (p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK)) and NHE1 activity in hypertrophy and the protection by EMPA was evaluated. RESULTS In db/db mice hearts, EMPA most markedly reduced STK phosphorylation sites regulated by RSKL1, a member of the RSK family, and by Aurora A and B kinases. GO and KEGG analysis suggested that EMPA inhibits hypertrophy, cell cycle, cell senescence and FOXO pathways, illustrating inhibition of growth pathways. EMPA prevented PE-induced hypertrophy as evaluated by BNP and cell surface area in H9c2 cells. EMPA blocked PE-induced activation of NHE1. The specific NHE1 inhibitor Cariporide also prevented PE-induced hypertrophy without added effect of EMPA. EMPA blocked PE-induced RSK phosphorylation. The RSK inhibitor BIX02565 also suppressed PE-induced hypertrophy without added effect of EMPA. Cariporide mimicked EMPA's effects on PE-treated RSK phosphorylation. BIX02565 decreased PE-induced NHE1 activity, with no further decrease by EMPA. CONCLUSIONS RSK inhibition by EMPA appears as a novel direct cardiac target of SGLT2i. Direct cardiac effects of EMPA exert their anti-hypertrophic effect through NHE-inhibition and subsequent RSK pathway inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Chen
- Department of Anaesthesiology-L.E.I.C.A., Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Cardiovascular Science, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, the Netherlands
| | - Kenneth Overberg
- Department of Anaesthesiology-L.E.I.C.A., Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Cardiovascular Science, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, the Netherlands
| | - Zakiya Ghouse
- Department of Anaesthesiology-L.E.I.C.A., Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Cardiovascular Science, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, the Netherlands
| | - Markus W Hollmann
- Department of Anaesthesiology-L.E.I.C.A., Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Cardiovascular Science, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, the Netherlands
| | - Nina C Weber
- Department of Anaesthesiology-L.E.I.C.A., Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Cardiovascular Science, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, the Netherlands
| | - Ruben Coronel
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, Cardiovascular Science, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, the Netherlands
| | - Coert J Zuurbier
- Department of Anaesthesiology-L.E.I.C.A., Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Cardiovascular Science, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, the Netherlands.
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Suleiman M, Al Najjar A, Zakaria ZZ, Ahmed R, Yalcin HC, Korashy HM, Uddin S, Riaz S, Abdulrahman N, Mraiche F. The Role of p90 Ribosomal S6 Kinase (RSK) in Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor (TKI)-Induced Cardiotoxicity. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2024; 17:334-344. [PMID: 37725271 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-023-10431-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Targeted therapy, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), has been approved to manage various cancer types. However, TKI-induced cardiotoxicity is a limiting factor for their use. This issue has raised the need for investigating potential cardioprotective techniques to be combined with TKIs. Ribosomal S6-kinases (RSKs) are a downstream effector of the mitogen-activated-protein-kinase (MAPK) pathway; specific RSK isoforms, such as RSK1 and RSK2, have been expressed in cancer cells, in which they increase tumour proliferation. Selective targeting of those isoforms would result in tumour suppression. Moreover, activation of RSKs expressed in the heart has resulted in cardiac hypertrophy and arrhythmia; thus, inhibiting RSKs would result in cardio-protection. This review article presents an overview of the usefulness of RSK inhibitors that can be novel agents to be assessed in future research for their effect in reducing cancer proliferation, as well as protecting the heart from cardiotoxicity induced by TKIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muna Suleiman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Afnan Al Najjar
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, P.O. Box 3050, Doha, Qatar
| | - Zain Z Zakaria
- Medical and Health Sciences, Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Rashid Ahmed
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Mirpur, 10250, AJK, Pakistan
| | - Huseyin C Yalcin
- Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
- College of Health Sciences, QU-Health, Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hesham M Korashy
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, P.O. Box 3050, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute and Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, P.O. Box 3050, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sadaf Riaz
- Pharmacy Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, P.O. Box 3050, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nabeel Abdulrahman
- College of Health Sciences, QU-Health, Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Fatima Mraiche
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, P.O. Box 3050, Doha, Qatar.
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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3
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Gao Z, Bao J, Hu Y, Tu J, Ye L, Wang L. Sodium-glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors and Pathological Myocardial Hypertrophy. Curr Drug Targets 2023; 24:1009-1022. [PMID: 37691190 PMCID: PMC10879742 DOI: 10.2174/1389450124666230907115831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are a new type of oral hypoglycemic drugs that exert a hypoglycemic effect by blocking the reabsorption of glucose in the proximal renal tubules, thus promoting the excretion of glucose from urine. Their hypoglycemic effect is not dependent on insulin. Increasing data shows that SGLT2 inhibitors improve cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. Previous studies have demonstrated that SGLT2 inhibitors can reduce pathological myocardial hypertrophy with or without diabetes, but the exact mechanism remains to be elucidated. To clarify the relationship between SGLT2 inhibitors and pathological myocardial hypertrophy, with a view to providing a reference for the future treatment thereof, this study reviewed the possible mechanisms of SGLT2 inhibitors in attenuating pathological myocardial hypertrophy. We focused specifically on the mechanisms in terms of inflammation, oxidative stress, myocardial fibrosis, mitochondrial function, epicardial lipids, endothelial function, insulin resistance, cardiac hydrogen and sodium exchange, and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Gao
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Heart Center, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiaqi Bao
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Heart Center, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yilan Hu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Heart Center, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junjie Tu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lifang Ye
- Heart Center, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lihong Wang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Heart Center, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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4
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Abdulrahman N, Ibrahim M, Joseph JM, Elkoubatry HM, Al-Shamasi AA, Rayan M, Gadeau AP, Ahmed R, Eldassouki H, Hasan A, Mraiche F. Empagliflozin inhibits angiotensin II-induced hypertrophy in H9c2 cardiomyoblasts through inhibition of NHE1 expression. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:1865-1872. [PMID: 35334035 PMCID: PMC9068664 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04411-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM)-induced cardiac morbidities have been the leading cause of death among diabetic patients. Recently, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors including empagliflozin (EMPA), which have been approved for the treatment of DM, have gained attention for their cardioprotective effect. The mechanism by which SGLT-2 inhibitors exert their cardioprotective effect remains unclear. Recent studies have suggested that EMPA exerts its cardioprotective effect by inhibiting the Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE), a group of membrane proteins that regulate intracellular pH and cell volume. Increased activity and expression of NHE isoform 1 (NHE1), the predominant isoform expressed in the heart, leads to cardiac hypertrophy. p90 ribosomal s6 kinase (p90 RSK) has been demonstrated to stimulate NHE1 activity. In our study, H9c2 cardiomyoblasts were treated with angiotensin II (ANG) to activate NHE1 and generate a hypertrophic model. We aimed to understand whether EMPA reverses the ANG-induced hypertrophic response and to elucidate the molecular pathway contributing to the cardioprotective effect of EMPA. Our study demonstrated that ANG-induced hypertrophy of H9c2 cardiomyoblasts is accompanied with increased SGLT-1 and NHE1 protein expression, an effect which is prevented in the presence of EMPA. EMPA reduces ANG-induced hypertrophy through the inhibition of SGLT-1 and NHE1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabeel Abdulrahman
- College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.,Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Meram Ibrahim
- College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.,Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jensa Mariam Joseph
- College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.,Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hanan Mahmoud Elkoubatry
- College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.,Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Al-Anood Al-Shamasi
- College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.,Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Menatallah Rayan
- College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.,Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Rashid Ahmed
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hussein Eldassouki
- College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Anwarul Hasan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Fatima Mraiche
- College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar. .,Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
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Cure E, Cumhur Cure M, Kucuk A. Comment on "Smooth or Risky Revisit of an Old Malaria Drug for COVID-19?". J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2020; 15:345-346. [PMID: 32588188 PMCID: PMC7314659 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-020-09938-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Erkan Cure
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ota & Jinemed Hospital, Muradiye Mahallesi Nuzhetiye Cad, Deryadil Sokagi No:1, 34357 Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Adem Kucuk
- Department of Rheumatology, Meram Tip Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
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Structural and Functional Changes in the Na +/H + Exchanger Isoform 1, Induced by Erk1/2 Phosphorylation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20102378. [PMID: 31091671 PMCID: PMC6566726 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The human Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 1 (NHE1) is a plasma membrane transport protein that plays an important role in pH regulation in mammalian cells. Because of the generation of protons by intermediary metabolism as well as the negative membrane potential, protons accumulate within the cytosol. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-mediated regulation of NHE1 is important in several human pathologies including in the myocardium in heart disease, as well as in breast cancer as a trigger for growth and metastasis. NHE1 has a N-terminal, a 500 amino acid membrane domain, and a C-terminal 315 amino acid cytosolic domain. The C-terminal domain regulates the membrane domain and its effects on transport are modified by protein binding and phosphorylation. Here, we discuss the physiological regulation of NHE1 by ERK, with an emphasis on the critical effects on structure and function. ERK binds directly to the cytosolic domain at specific binding domains. ERK also phosphorylates NHE1 directly at multiple sites, which enhance NHE1 activity with subsequent downstream physiological effects. The NHE1 cytosolic regulatory tail possesses both ordered and disordered regions, and the disordered regions are stabilized by ERK-mediated phosphorylation at a phosphorylation motif. Overall, ERK pathway mediated phosphorylation modulates the NHE1 tail, and affects the activity, structure, and function of this membrane protein.
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7
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The role of CD44, hyaluronan and NHE1 in cardiac remodeling. Life Sci 2018; 209:197-201. [PMID: 30089233 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac remodeling, characterized by excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, predisposes the heart to failure if left unresolved. Understanding the signaling mechanisms involved in excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling is necessary to identify the means to regress the development of cardiac remodeling and heart failure. Recently, hyaluronan (HA), a ubiquitously expressed glycosaminoglycan in the ECM, was shown to participate in tissue fibrosis and myofibroblast proliferation through interacting with its ubiquitously expressed cell-surface receptor, CD44. CD44 is a multifunctional transmembrane glycoprotein that serves as a cell-surface receptor for a number of ECM proteins. The mechanism by which the interaction between CD44-HA contributes to ECM and cardiac remodeling remains unknown. A previous study performed on a non-cardiac model showed that CD44-HA enhances Na+/H+ exchanger isoform-1 (NHE1) activity, causing ECM remodeling, HA metabolism and tumor invasion. Interestingly, NHE1 has been demonstrated to be involved in cardiac remodeling and myocardial fibrosis. In addition, it has previously been demonstrated that CD44 is upregulated in transgenic mouse hearts expressing active NHE-1. The role of CD44, HA and NHE1 and the cellular interplay of these factors in the ECM and cardiac remodeling is the focus of this review.
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Holmgren G, Sartipy P, Andersson CX, Lindahl A, Synnergren J. Expression Profiling of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes Exposed to Doxorubicin—Integration and Visualization of Multi-Omics Data. Toxicol Sci 2018; 163:182-195. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gustav Holmgren
- Systems Biology Research Center, School of Bioscience, University of Skövde, Skövde SE-541 28, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg SE-413 45, Sweden
- Takara Bio Europe AB, Gothenburg SE-413 46, Sweden
| | - Peter Sartipy
- Systems Biology Research Center, School of Bioscience, University of Skövde, Skövde SE-541 28, Sweden
- AstraZeneca Gothenburg, CVMD GMed, GMD, Mölndal SE-430 51, Sweden
| | | | - Anders Lindahl
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg SE-413 45, Sweden
| | - Jane Synnergren
- Systems Biology Research Center, School of Bioscience, University of Skövde, Skövde SE-541 28, Sweden
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