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Zhao Z, Yuwen W, Duan Z, Zhu C, Fan D. Novel Collagen Analogs with Multicopy Mucin-Type Sequences for Multifunctional Enhancement Properties Using SUMO Fusion Tags. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 39318025 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c07179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
Multifunctional enhanced collagen materials in green biomanufacturing are highly desired yet challenging due to the poor comprehensive performance caused by the adoption of targeting monofunctional peptides. Herein, novel collagen analog design strategy using multicopy tandem of mucin-type sequence (GAPGAPGSQGAPGLQ) derived from human COL1α1 to construct basic building blocks is reported, in which SUMO tag is added to the N-terminal of the protein as a stabilizing core. In particular, novel collagen analogs (named S1506, S1511, S1523, and S1552) with multicopy mucin-type sequences (repeated 6, 11, 23, and 52 times), which were constructed in Escherichia coli, have distinct orientation preferences of functional enhancement (including cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, antioxidant activity, and anti-inflammatory property) compared to COL1α1 in HaCaT and THP-1 cell experiments due to variant three-dimensional structures (the different-length mucin-type polypeptide chains wind around central SUMO tag). Our findings suggest that the innovative protein design and synthesis approaches employed in the construction of these novel S15 proteins have the potential to advance the development of new types of recombinant collagen analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilong Zhao
- Engineering Research Center of Western Resource Innovation Medicine Green Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Synthetic Biology, Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
- Biotech. & Biomed. Research Institute, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Weigang Yuwen
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Synthetic Biology, Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Zhiguang Duan
- Engineering Research Center of Western Resource Innovation Medicine Green Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Synthetic Biology, Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
- Biotech. & Biomed. Research Institute, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Chenhui Zhu
- Engineering Research Center of Western Resource Innovation Medicine Green Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Synthetic Biology, Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
- Biotech. & Biomed. Research Institute, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Daidi Fan
- Engineering Research Center of Western Resource Innovation Medicine Green Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Synthetic Biology, Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
- Biotech. & Biomed. Research Institute, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
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Kok JML, Dowd GC, Cabral JD, Wise LM. Macrocystis pyrifera Lipids Reduce Cytokine-Induced Pro-Inflammatory Signalling and Barrier Dysfunction in Human Keratinocyte Models. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16383. [PMID: 38003573 PMCID: PMC10671590 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis is a chronic condition where epidermal barrier dysfunction and cytokine production by infiltrating immune cells exacerbate skin inflammation and damage. A total lipid extract from Macrocystis pyrifera, a brown seaweed, was previously reported to suppress inflammatory responses in monocytes. Here, treatment of human HaCaT keratinocytes with M. pyrifera lipids inhibited tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α induced TNF receptor-associated factor 2 and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 protein production. HaCaT cells stimulated with TNF-α, interleukin (IL)-4, and IL-13 showed loss of claudin-1 tight junctions, but little improvement was observed following lipid pre-treatment. Three-dimensional cultures of HaCaT cells differentiated at the air-liquid interface showed increased MCP-1 production, loss of claudin-1 tight junctions, and trans-epidermal leakage with TNF-α, IL-4, and IL-13 stimulation, with all parameters reduced by lipid pre-treatment. These findings suggest that M. pyrifera lipids have anti-inflammatory and barrier-protective effects on keratinocytes, which may be beneficial for the treatment of atopic dermatitis or other skin conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie M. L. Kok
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand;
| | - Georgina C. Dowd
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Nelson 7043, New Zealand;
| | - Jaydee D. Cabral
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand;
| | - Lyn M. Wise
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand;
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3
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Footner E, Firipis K, Liu E, Baker C, Foley P, Kapsa RMI, Pirogova E, O'Connell C, Quigley A. Layer-by-Layer Analysis of In Vitro Skin Models. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:5933-5952. [PMID: 37791888 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
In vitro human skin models are evolving into versatile platforms for the study of skin biology and disorders. These models have many potential applications in the fields of drug testing and safety assessment, as well as cosmetic and new treatment development. The development of in vitro skin models that accurately mimic native human skin can reduce reliance on animal models and also allow for more precise, clinically relevant testing. Recent advances in biofabrication techniques and biomaterials have led to the creation of increasingly complex, multilayered skin models that incorporate important functional components of skin, such as the skin barrier, mechanical properties, pigmentation, vasculature, hair follicles, glands, and subcutaneous layer. This improved ability to recapitulate the functional aspects of native skin enhances the ability to model the behavior and response of native human skin, as the complex interplay of cell-to-cell and cell-to-material interactions are incorporated. In this review, we summarize the recent developments in in vitro skin models, with a focus on their applications, limitations, and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Footner
- Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
| | - Kate Firipis
- Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
| | - Emily Liu
- Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
| | - Chris Baker
- Department of Dermatology, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
- Skin Health Institute, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
| | - Peter Foley
- Department of Dermatology, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
- Skin Health Institute, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
| | - Robert M I Kapsa
- Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
- Centre for Clinical Neurosciences and Neurological Research, St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
| | - Elena Pirogova
- Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
| | - Cathal O'Connell
- Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
| | - Anita Quigley
- Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
- Centre for Clinical Neurosciences and Neurological Research, St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
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Feisst V, Kelch I, Dunn E, Williams E, Meidinger S, Chen CJJ, Girvan R, Zhou L, Sheppard H, Locke M, Dunbar PR. Rapid culture of human keratinocytes in an autologous, feeder-free system with a novel growth medium. Cytotherapy 2023; 25:174-184. [PMID: 36229300 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS The ability to culture human keratinocytes is beneficial in the treatment of skin injury and disease, as well as for testing chemicals in vitro as a substitute for animal testing. RESULTS We have identified a novel culture medium for the rapid growth of keratinocytes from human skin. "Kelch's medium" supports keratinocyte growth that is as rapid as in the classical Rheinwald and Green method, but without the need for cholera toxin or xenogeneic feeder cells. It enables keratinocytes to out-compete co-cultured autologous fibroblasts so that separation of the epidermis from the dermis is no longer required before keratinocyte culture. Enzymatic digests of whole human skin can therefore be used to generate parallel cultures of autologous keratinocytes, fibroblasts and melanocytes simply by using different cell culture media. CONCLUSIONS This new keratinocyte medium and the simplified manufacturing procedures it enables are likely to be beneficial in skin engineering, especially for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaughan Feisst
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Inken Kelch
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Elliott Dunn
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Eloise Williams
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sarah Meidinger
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Rebecca Girvan
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lisa Zhou
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Hilary Sheppard
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Michelle Locke
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Counties Manukau District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - P Rod Dunbar
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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5
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Smith CJ, Parkinson EK, Yang J, Pratten J, O'Toole EA, Caley MP, Braun KM. Investigating wound healing characteristics of gingival and skin keratinocytes in organotypic cultures. J Dent 2022; 125:104251. [PMID: 35961474 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2022.104251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The gingiva heals at an accelerated rate with reduced scarring when compared to skin. Potential well-studied factors include immune cell number, angiogenesis disparities and fibroblast gene expression. Differential keratinocyte gene expression, however, remains relatively understudied. This study explored the contrasting healing efficiencies of gingival and skin keratinocytes, alongside their differential gene expression patterns. METHODS 3D organotypic culture models of human gingiva and skin were developed using temporarily immortalised primary keratinocytes. Models were wounded for visualisation of re-epithelialisation and analysis of keratinocyte migration to close the wound gap. Concurrently, differentially expressed genes between primary gingival and skin keratinocytes were identified, validated, and functionally assessed. RESULTS Characterisation of the 3D cultures of gingiva and skin showed differentiation markers that recapitulated organisation of the corresponding in vivo tissue. Upon wounding, gingival models displayed a significantly higher efficiency in re-epithelialisation and stratification versus skin, repopulating the wound gap within 24 hours. This difference was likely due to distinct patterns of migration, with gingival cells demonstrating a form of sheet migration, in contrast to skin, where the leading edge was typically 1-2 cells thick. A candidate approach was used to identify several genes that were differentially expressed between gingival and skin keratinocytes. Knockdown of PITX1 resulted in reduced migration capacity of gingival cells. CONCLUSION Gingival keratinocytes retain in vivo superior wound healing capabilities in in vitro 2D and 3D environments. Intrinsic gene expression differences could result in gingival cells being 'primed' for healing and play a role in faster wound resolution. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The successful development of organotypic models, that recapitulate re-epithelialisation, will underpin further studies to analyse the oral response to wound stimuli, and potential therapeutic interventions, in an in vitro environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris J Smith
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT UK
| | - Eric K Parkinson
- Institute of Dentistry, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT
| | | | | | - Edel A O'Toole
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT UK
| | - Matthew P Caley
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT UK
| | - Kristin M Braun
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT UK.
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6
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Koskinen Holm C, Qu C. Engineering a 3D In Vitro Model of Human Gingival Tissue Equivalent with Genipin/Cytochalasin D. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137401. [PMID: 35806407 PMCID: PMC9266888 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Although three-dimensional (3D) co-culture of gingival keratinocytes and fibroblasts-populated collagen gel can mimic 3D structure of in vivo tissue, the uncontrolled contraction of collagen gel restricts its application in clinical and experimental practices. We here established a stable 3D gingival tissue equivalent (GTE) using hTERT-immortalized gingival fibroblasts (hGFBs)-populated collagen gel directly crosslinked with genipin/cytochalasin D and seeding hTERT-immortalized gingival keratinocytes (TIGKs) on the upper surface for a 2-week air–liquid interface co-culture. MTT assay was used to measure the cell viability of GTEs. GTE size was monitored following culture period, and the contraction was analyzed. Immunohistochemical assay was used to analyze GTE structure. qRT-PCR was conducted to examine the mRNA expression of keratinocyte-specific genes. Fifty µM genipin (G50) or combination (G + C) of G50 and 100 nM cytochalasin D significantly inhibited GTE contraction. Additionally, a higher cell viability appeared in GTEs crosslinked with G50 or G + C. GTEs crosslinked with genipin/cytochalasin D showed a distinct multilayered stratified epithelium that expressed keratinocyte-specific genes similar to native gingiva. Collagen directly crosslinked with G50 or G + C significantly reduced GTE contraction without damaging the epithelium. In summary, the TIGKs and hGFBs can successfully form organotypic multilayered cultures, which can be a valuable tool in the research regarding periodontal disease as well as oral mucosa disease. We conclude that genipin is a promising crosslinker with the ability to reduce collagen contraction while maintaining normal cell function in collagen-based oral tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Koskinen Holm
- Department of Odontology, Umeå University, 90185 Umeå, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
- Correspondence: (C.K.H.); (C.Q.)
| | - Chengjuan Qu
- Department of Odontology, Umeå University, 90185 Umeå, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
- Correspondence: (C.K.H.); (C.Q.)
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7
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Fabricating a Novel Three-Dimensional Skin Model Using Silica Nonwoven Fabrics (SNF). APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12136537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Silica nonwoven fabrics (SNF) prepared using electrospinning have high biocompatibility, thermal stability, and porosity that allows growing three-dimensional culture of cells. In this study, we used SNF to construct a three-dimensional artificial skin model consisting of epidermal and dermal layers with immortalized and primary human cell lines, creating a novel model that minimizes tissue shrinkage. As a result, SNF dermal/epidermal models have enhanced functions in the basement membrane, whereas Collagen dermal/epidermal models have advantages in keratinization and barrier functions. The SNF dermal/epidermal model with mechanical strength formed a basement membrane mimicking structure, suggesting the construction of a stable skin model. Next, we constructed three-dimensional skin models consisting of SNF and collagen. In the combination models, the expression of genes in the basement membrane was significantly increased compared with that in the Collagen dermal/epidermal model, and the gene for keratinization was increased compared with that in the SNF dermal/epidermal model. We believe that the combination model can be a biomimetic model that takes advantage of both SNF and collagen and can be applied to various basic research. Our new skin model is expected to be an alternative method for skin testing to improve the shrinkage of the collagen matrix gel.
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Ohnishi T, Nakamura T, Shima K, Noguchi K, Chiba N, Matsuguchi T. Periodontitis promotes the expression of gingival transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2), a priming protease for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). J Oral Biosci 2022; 64:229-236. [PMID: 35472469 PMCID: PMC9035663 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2022.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The oral cavity is one of the main entry sites for SARS-CoV-2. Gingival keratinocytes express transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2), responsible for priming the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. We investigated whether periodontitis increased the expression of TMPRSS2. Methods To investigate gene expression in periodontitis, we analyzed the expression of specific genes from (1) the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset of 247 human gingival tissues and (2) an experimentally-induced periodontitis mouse model. Human gingival tissues with or without periodontitis were immunohistochemically stained using an anti-TMPRSS2 antibody. Analysis of the TMPRSS2 promoter was performed using a ChIP-Atlas dataset. TMPRSS2 expression was detected in cultured human keratinocytes using quantitative reverse transcription (qRT)-PCR and Western blot analysis. Results GEO dataset analysis and an experimentally-induced periodontitis model revealed increased expression of TMPRSS2 in periodontitis gingiva. The keratinocyte cell membrane in periodontitis gingiva was strongly immunohistochemically stained for TMPRSS2. Using ChIP-Atlas and GEO datasets, we screened for transcription factors that bind to the TMPRSS2 promoter region. We found one candidate, estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1), highly expressed in periodontitis gingiva. Analysis of the GEO dataset revealed a correlation between ESR1 and TMPRSS2 expression in gingival tissues. An ESR1 ligand induced TMPRSS2 expression in cultured keratinocytes. Conclusions Periodontitis increases TMPRSS2 expression in the cell membrane of gingival keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomokazu Ohnishi
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Nakamura
- Department of Periodontology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan
| | - Kaori Shima
- Department of Oral Pathology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Noguchi
- Department of Periodontology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan
| | - Norika Chiba
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Matsuguchi
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan.
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9
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ROCK ‘n TOR: An Outlook on Keratinocyte Stem Cell Expansion in Regenerative Medicine via Protein Kinase Inhibition. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071130. [PMID: 35406693 PMCID: PMC8997668 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Keratinocyte stem cells play a fundamental role in homeostasis and repair of stratified epithelial tissues. Transplantation of cultured keratinocytes autografts provides a landmark example of successful cellular therapies by restoring durable integrity in stratified epithelia lost to devastating tissue conditions. Despite the overall success of such procedures, failures still occur in case of paucity of cultured stem cells in therapeutic grafts. Strategies aiming at a further amplification of stem cells during keratinocyte ex vivo expansion may thus extend the applicability of these treatments to subjects in which endogenous stem cells pools are depauperated by aging, trauma, or disease. Pharmacological targeting of stem cell signaling pathways is recently emerging as a powerful strategy for improving stem cell maintenance and/or amplification. Recent experimental data indicate that pharmacological inhibition of two prominent keratinocyte signaling pathways governed by apical mTOR and ROCK protein kinases favor stem cell maintenance and/or amplification ex vivo and may improve the effectiveness of stem cell-based therapeutic procedures. In this review, we highlight the pathophysiological roles of mTOR and ROCK in keratinocyte biology and evaluate existing pre-clinical data on the effects of their inhibition in epithelial stem cell expansion for transplantation purposes.
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10
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Kardeh S, Saber A, Mazloomrezaei M, Hosseini A. Telomere targeting is insufficient to ameliorate multifaceted hallmarks of aging in cultured keratinocytes. Burns 2022; 48:470-471. [PMID: 34887119 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2021.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sina Kardeh
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Ali Saber
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohsen Mazloomrezaei
- Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Medicine Student Research Group, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Hosseini
- Transplantation Biology Research Center Laboratory, Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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11
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Dobrokhotov O, Sunagawa M, Torii T, Mii S, Kawauchi K, Enomoto A, Sokabe M, Hirata H. Anti-Malignant Effect of Tensile Loading to Adherens Junctions in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:728383. [PMID: 34858971 PMCID: PMC8632149 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.728383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Actomyosin contractility regulates various cellular processes including proliferation and differentiation while dysregulation of actomyosin activity contributes to cancer development and progression. Previously, we have reported that actomyosin-generated tension at adherens junctions is required for cell density-dependent inhibition of proliferation of normal skin keratinocytes. However, it remains unclear how actomyosin contractility affects the hyperproliferation ability of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) cells. In this study, we find that actomyosin activity is impaired in cSCC cells both in vitro and in vivo. External application of tensile loads to adherens junctions by sustained mechanical stretch attenuates the proliferation of cSCC cells, which depends on intact adherens junctions. Forced activation of actomyosin of cSCC cells also inhibits their proliferation in a cell-cell contact-dependent manner. Furthermore, the cell cycle arrest induced by tensile loading to adherens junctions is accompanied by epidermal differentiation in cSCC cells. Our results show that the degree of malignant properties of cSCC cells can be reduced by applying tensile loads to adherens junctions, which implies that the mechanical status of adherens junctions may serve as a novel therapeutic target for cSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Dobrokhotov
- Mechanobiology Laboratory, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masaki Sunagawa
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takeru Torii
- Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology, Konan University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shinji Mii
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keiko Kawauchi
- Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology, Konan University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Atsushi Enomoto
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masahiro Sokabe
- Mechanobiology Laboratory, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Hirata
- Mechanobiology Laboratory, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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12
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Expression of Acyl-CoA wax-alcohol acyltransferase 2 (AWAT2) by human and rabbit meibomian glands and meibocytes. Ocul Surf 2021; 23:60-70. [PMID: 34838721 PMCID: PMC10393063 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2021.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Previously, we showed that Acyl-CoA wax-alcohol acyltransferase 2 (AWAT2), an essential enzyme required for meibum wax ester synthesis, was not expressed by immortalized human meibomian gland epithelial cells (hMGEC) in culture. To begin to understand the mechanisms controlling AWAT2 expression, we have analyzed its expression in human and rabbit meibomian glands and cultured meibocytes. METHODS Rabbit meibocyte progenitor cells (rMPC) were first grown in Cnt-BM.1 basal medium (Cellntec) supplemented with rhEGF, FGF10, and ROCK inhibitor (Y-27632 dihydrochloride), and then passed at 70-80% confluency with Accutase. Differentiation of rMPC to meibocytes (rMC) was induced by removal of Y-27632 and addition of 1 mM calcium with and without PPARγ agonists. RNA from the tissue, primary, passaged rMPC and differentiated rMC were obtained for AWAT2 qPCR analysis. Proteins and cells were evaluated for western blotting and neutral lipid synthesis, respectively. For comparison, human meibomian glands were separated for RNA and protein analysis. hMGEC was cultured to collect RNA and protein. RESULTS Rabbit rMPCs were successfully grown, passaged, and differentiated, showing a significant increase in lipid droplet accumulation. AWAT2 RNA was highly expressed in tissue but showed a -16.9 log2 fold decrease in primary and passaged rMPCs and was not induced by differentiation to rMC. By comparison, human meibomian glands showed high expression of AWAT2, and hMGEC expressed non-detectable levels of AWAT2 transcripts or protein. CONCLUSIONS AWAT2 expression is lost in cultured rMPC and rMC suggesting that cells in culture do not undergo complete meibocyte differentiation and require yet to be identified culture conditions.
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McGifford OJ, Harkin DG, Cuttle L. Effect of Rho-Associated Protein Kinase Inhibitors on Epidermal Keratinocytes: A Proposed Application for Burn Wound Healing. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2021; 28:555-568. [PMID: 34039046 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2021.0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Rho-associated protein kinases (ROCKs) affect a variety of cellular functions, including cell attachment, migration, and proliferation. ROCK inhibitors therefore have potential as tools for optimizing cell behavior in tissue engineering applications, including the manufacturing of cultivated epithelial autografts (CEAs) used in the treatment of burn patients. For example, ROCK inhibitors may facilitate earlier engraftment of CEA sheets by increasing the proliferation of skin keratinocytes ex vivo. Nevertheless, the current understanding of ROCK inhibitor action on epidermal keratinocytes is unclear owing to multiple drug formulations, drug concentrations, and cellular function assays having been used. The aim of this review article therefore is to identify consistent patterns of ROCK inhibitor action on human keratinocytes, as well as revealing key knowledge gaps. In doing so, we propose a clearer course of action for pursuing the potential benefits of ROCK inhibitors for the future treatment of burn patients. Impact statement The properties of Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitors are already used clinically within the fields of cardiology, neurology, and ophthalmology. These results encourage the broadening of ROCK inhibitor uses for other clinical applications. With respect to burn patients, ROCK inhibitors may facilitate improvements in patient survival and healing by reducing the time required for generating cultivated epithelial autograft (CEA) sheets from patient biopsies. Nevertheless, varying approaches to studying the effects of ROCK inhibitors on skin cells in vitro have complicated the development of improved protocols. Our review aims to clarify a diverse and growing body of literature as to the potential benefits for burn patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia J McGifford
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Children's Health Research, Queensland University of Technology, South Brisbane, Australia
| | - Damien G Harkin
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Children's Health Research, Queensland University of Technology, South Brisbane, Australia
| | - Leila Cuttle
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Children's Health Research, Queensland University of Technology, South Brisbane, Australia
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14
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Chen Z, He W, Leung TCN, Chung HY. Immortalization and Characterization of Rat Lingual Keratinocytes in a High-Calcium and Feeder-Free Culture System Using ROCK Inhibitor Y-27632. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6782. [PMID: 34202585 PMCID: PMC8268148 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cultured keratinocytes are desirable models for biological and medical studies. However, primary keratinocytes are difficult to maintain, and there has been little research on lingual keratinocyte culture. Here, we investigated the effect of Y-27632, a Rho kinase (ROCK) inhibitor, on the immortalization and characterization of cultured rat lingual keratinocyte (RLKs). Three Y-27632-supplemented media were screened for the cultivation of RLKs isolated from Sprague-Dawley rats. Phalloidin staining and TUNEL assay were applied to visualize cytoskeleton dynamics and cell apoptosis following Y-27632 removal. Label-free proteomics, RT-PCR, calcium imaging, and cytogenetic studies were conducted to characterize the cultured cells. Results showed that RLKs could be conditionally immortalized in a high-calcium medium in the absence of feeder cells, although they did not exhibit normal karyotypes. The removal of Y-27632 from the culture medium led to reversible cytoskeletal reorganization and nuclear enlargement without triggering apoptosis, and a total of 239 differentially expressed proteins were identified by proteomic analysis. Notably, RLKs derived from the non-taste epithelium expressed some molecular markers characteristic of taste bud cells, yet calcium imaging revealed that they rarely responded to tastants. Collectively, we established a high-calcium and feeder-free culture method for the long-term maintenance of RLKs. Our results shed some new light on the immortalization and differentiation of lingual keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixing Chen
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (Z.C.); (T.C.N.L.)
| | - Wenmeng He
- Division of Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, Zhuhai 519087, China;
| | - Thomas Chun Ning Leung
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (Z.C.); (T.C.N.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hau Yin Chung
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (Z.C.); (T.C.N.L.)
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15
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Sah SK, Kanaujiya JK, Chen IP, Reichenberger EJ. Generation of Keratinocytes from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Under Defined Culture Conditions. Cell Reprogram 2020; 23:1-13. [PMID: 33373529 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2020.0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Differentiation of keratinocytes from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) has become an important tool for wound healing research and for studying skin diseases in instances where patient cells are not available. Several keratinocyte differentiation protocols using hiPSC colony fragments or embryoid bodies have been published with some requiring prolonged time for differentiation or extended use of reagent cocktails. In this study, we present a simplified method to efficiently generate large numbers of uniformly differentiated keratinocytes in less than 4 weeks from singularized hiPSCs with differentiation factors, retinoic acid and bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4). Low seeding density of singularized iPSCs results in keratinocyte cultures with minimum cell death during differentiation and up to 96% homogeneity for keratin 14-positive cells and low percentage of keratinocyte maturation markers, comparable to early passage primary keratinocytes. hiPSC-derived keratinocytes remain in a proliferative state, can be maintained for prolonged periods of time, and can be terminally differentiated under high calcium conditions in the same way as primary human keratinocytes. Moreover, coculturing hiPSC-derived fibroblasts and keratinocytes consistently formed organotypic 3D skin equivalents. Therefore, keratinocytes generated by this method are a viable source of cells for downstream applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyam Kishor Sah
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Skeletal Development, Department of Reconstructive Sciences, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jitendra K Kanaujiya
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Skeletal Development, Department of Reconstructive Sciences, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - I-Ping Chen
- Department of Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Ernst J Reichenberger
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Skeletal Development, Department of Reconstructive Sciences, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
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16
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Gálvez V, Chacón-Solano E, Bonafont J, Mencía Á, Di WL, Murillas R, Llames S, Vicente A, Del Rio M, Carretero M, Larcher F. Efficient CRISPR-Cas9-Mediated Gene Ablation in Human Keratinocytes to Recapitulate Genodermatoses: Modeling of Netherton Syndrome. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2020; 18:280-290. [PMID: 32637457 PMCID: PMC7329935 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2020.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Current efforts to find specific genodermatoses treatments and define precise pathogenesis mechanisms require appropriate surrogate models with human cells. Although transgenic and gene knockout mouse models for several of these disorders exist, they often fail to faithfully replicate the clinical and histopathological features of the human skin condition. We have established a highly efficient method for precise deletion of critical gene sequences in primary human keratinocytes, based on CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene editing. Using this methodology, in the present study we generated a model of Netherton syndrome by disruption of SPINK5. Gene-edited cells showed absence of LEKTI expression and were able to recapitulate a hyperkeratotic phenotype with most of the molecular hallmarks of Netherton syndrome, after grafting to immunodeficient mice and in organotypic cultures. To validate the model as a platform for therapeutic intervention, we tested an ex vivo gene therapy approach using a lentiviral vector expressing SPINK5. Re-expression of SPINK5 in an immortalized clone of SPINK5-knockout keratinocytes was capable of reverting from Netherton syndrome to a normal skin phenotype in vivo and in vitro. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of modeling genodermatoses, such as Netherton syndrome, by efficiently disrupting the causative gene to better understand its pathogenesis and to develop novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Gálvez
- Epithelial Biomedicine Division, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain.,Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), 28040 Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) U714, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esteban Chacón-Solano
- Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), 28040 Madrid, Spain.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carlos III University (UC3M), 28903 Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) U714, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Bonafont
- Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), 28040 Madrid, Spain.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carlos III University (UC3M), 28903 Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) U714, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángeles Mencía
- Epithelial Biomedicine Division, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain.,Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), 28040 Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) U714, Madrid, Spain
| | - Wei-Li Di
- UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Rodolfo Murillas
- Epithelial Biomedicine Division, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain.,Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), 28040 Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) U714, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Llames
- Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), 28040 Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) U714, Madrid, Spain.,Tissue Engineering Unit, Centro Comunitario Sangre y Tejidos (CCST), 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Asunción Vicente
- Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain.,Unidad de Dermatología, Hospital Materno-Infantil Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marcela Del Rio
- Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), 28040 Madrid, Spain.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carlos III University (UC3M), 28903 Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) U714, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Carretero
- Epithelial Biomedicine Division, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain.,Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), 28040 Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) U714, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Larcher
- Epithelial Biomedicine Division, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain.,Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), 28040 Madrid, Spain.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carlos III University (UC3M), 28903 Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) U714, Madrid, Spain
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17
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Grossi S, Fenini G, Hennig P, Di Filippo M, Beer HD. Generation of Knockout Human Primary Keratinocytes by CRISPR/Cas9. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2109:125-145. [PMID: 31502220 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2019_262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The culture of epidermal human primary keratinocytes (HPKs) represents a well-established model in biological and dermatological research. In addition, HPKs are used in three-dimensional organotypic cultures (OTCs), and gene therapeutic approaches have been reported for the treatment of patients suffering from epidermolysis bullosa, a severe blistering disease that can result in postnatal lethality. Therefore, there is a strong need for the development of techniques for the stable and specific genetic manipulation of HPKs, for example, by genome editing via the CRISPR/Cas9 approach. However, the main disadvantage of working with HPKs is the fact that these cells are prone to terminal differentiation and proliferate only for few passages in monoculture. As it is well known that the co-culture of HPKs with fibroblasts strongly increases the lifetime of the epidermal cells, we developed a protocol for the stable modification of HPKs by CRISPR/Cas9 via lentiviral transduction in the presence of 3T3-J2 fibroblasts as feeder cells. Selection of transduced HPKs is achieved with antibiotics in co-culture with antibiotic-resistant feeder cells. Modified HPKs generated by our protocol have the potential to generate epidermis-like structures in OTCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Grossi
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gabriele Fenini
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paulina Hennig
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michela Di Filippo
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Dietmar Beer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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18
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Wong CW, LeGrand CF, Kinnear BF, Sobota RM, Ramalingam R, Dye DE, Raghunath M, Lane EB, Coombe DR. In Vitro Expansion of Keratinocytes on Human Dermal Fibroblast-Derived Matrix Retains Their Stem-Like Characteristics. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18561. [PMID: 31811191 PMCID: PMC6897920 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54793-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The long-term expansion of keratinocytes under conditions that avoid xenogeneic components (i.e. animal serum- and feeder cell-free) generally causes diminished proliferation and increased terminal differentiation. Here we present a culture system free of xenogeneic components that retains the self-renewal capacity of primary human keratinocytes. In vivo the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the tissue microenvironment has a major influence on a cell's fate. We used ECM from human dermal fibroblasts, cultured under macromolecular crowding conditions to facilitate matrix deposition and organisation, in a xenogeneic-free keratinocyte expansion protocol. Phospholipase A2 decellularisation produced ECM whose components resembled the core matrix composition of natural dermis by proteome analyses. Keratinocytes proliferated rapidly on these matrices, retained their small size, expressed p63, lacked keratin 10 and rarely expressed keratin 16. The colony forming efficiency of these keratinocytes was enhanced over that of keratinocytes grown on collagen I, indicating that dermal fibroblast-derived matrices maintain the in vitro expansion of keratinocytes in a stem-like state. Keratinocyte sheets formed on such matrices were multi-layered with superior strength and stability compared to the single-layered sheets formed on collagen I. Thus, keratinocytes expanded using our xenogeneic-free protocol retained a stem-like state, but when triggered by confluence and calcium concentration, they stratified to produce epidermal sheets with a potential clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chee-Wai Wong
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Science, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Catherine F LeGrand
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Science, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Beverley F Kinnear
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Science, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Radoslaw M Sobota
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, No. 07-48A Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Rajkumar Ramalingam
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore and Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, 06-06 Immunos, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Danielle E Dye
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Science, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Michael Raghunath
- Centre for Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Competence Centre for Tissue Engineering and Substance Testing (TEDD), Institute for Chemistry and Biotechnology, ZHAW School of Life Science and Facility Management, Zurich University of Applied Science, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - E Birgitte Lane
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore and Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, 06-06 Immunos, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Deirdre R Coombe
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia.
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Science, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia.
- Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.
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19
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Rezaie F, Momeni-Moghaddam M, Naderi-Meshkin H. Regeneration and Repair of Skin Wounds: Various Strategies for Treatment. INT J LOW EXTR WOUND 2019; 18:247-261. [PMID: 31257948 DOI: 10.1177/1534734619859214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Skin as a mechanical barrier between the inner and outer environment of our body protects us against infection and electrolyte loss. This organ consists of 3 layers: the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis. Any disruption in the integrity of skin leads to the formation of wounds, which are divided into 2 main categories: acute wounds and chronic wounds. Generally, acute wounds heal relatively faster. In contrast to acute wounds, closure of chronic wounds is delayed by 3 months after the initial insult. Treatment of chronic wounds has been one of the most challenging issues in the field of regenerative medicine, promoting scientists to develop various therapeutic strategies for a fast, qualified, and most cost-effective treatment modality. Here, we reviewed more recent approaches, including the development of stem cell therapy, tissue-engineered skin substitutes, and skin equivalents, for the healing of complex wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahimeh Rezaie
- Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran.,Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture Research (ACECR), Khorasan Razavi Branch, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Hojjat Naderi-Meshkin
- Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture Research (ACECR), Khorasan Razavi Branch, Mashhad, Iran
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20
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Muhsen M, Protschka M, Schneider LE, Müller U, Köhler G, Magin TM, Büttner M, Alber G, Siegemund S. Orf virus (ORFV) infection in a three-dimensional human skin model: Characteristic cellular alterations and interference with keratinocyte differentiation. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210504. [PMID: 30699132 PMCID: PMC6353139 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
ORF virus (ORFV) is the causative agent of contagious ecthyma, a pustular dermatitis of small ruminants and humans. Even though the development of lesions caused by ORFV was extensively studied in animals, only limited knowledge exists about the lesion development in human skin. The aim of the present study was to evaluate a three-dimensional (3D) organotypic culture (OTC) as a human skin model for ORFV infection considering lesion development, replication of the virus, viral gene transcription and modulation of differentiation of human keratinocytes by ORFV. ORFV infection of OTC was performed using the ORFV isolate B029 derived from a human patient. The OTC sections showed a similar structure of stratified epidermal keratinocytes as human foreskin and a similar expression profile of the differentiation markers keratin 1 (K1), K10, and loricrin. Upon ORFV infection, OTCs exhibited histological cytopathic changes including hyperkeratosis and ballooning degeneration of the keratinocytes. ORFV persisted for 10 days and was located in keratinocytes of the outer epidermal layers. ORFV-specific early, intermediate and late genes were transcribed, but limited viral spread and restricted cell infection were noticed. ORFV infection resulted in downregulation of K1, K10, and loricrin at the transcriptional level without affecting proliferation as shown by PCNA or Ki-67 expression. In conclusion, OTC provides a suitable model to study the interaction of virus with human keratinocytes in a similar structural setting as human skin and reveals that ORFV infection downregulates several differentiation markers in the epidermis of the human skin, a hitherto unknown feature of dermal ORFV infection in man.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmod Muhsen
- Institute of Immunology/Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martina Protschka
- Institute of Immunology/Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Laura E. Schneider
- Institute of Immunology/Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Uwe Müller
- Institute of Immunology/Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Thomas M. Magin
- Institute of Biology, Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mathias Büttner
- Institute of Immunology/Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gottfried Alber
- Institute of Immunology/Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sabine Siegemund
- Institute of Immunology/Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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21
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Villa PL, Jackson R, Eade S, Escott N, Zehbe I. Isolation of Biopsy-Derived, Human Cervical Keratinocytes Propagated as Monolayer and Organoid Cultures. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17869. [PMID: 30552408 PMCID: PMC6294766 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36150-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The successful isolation and propagation of patient-derived keratinocytes from cervical lesions constitute a more appropriate model of cervical disease than traditional cervical cancer-derived cell lines such as SiHa and CaSki. Our aim was to streamline the growth of patient-obtained, cervical keratinocytes into a reproducible process. We performed an observational case series study with 60 women referred to colposcopy for a diagnostic biopsy. Main outcome measures were how many samples could be passaged at least once (n = 11), and where enough cells could be established, to precisely define their proliferation profile over time (n = 3). Altering cell culture conditions over those reported by other groups markedly improved outcomes. We were also successful in making freeze backs which could be resuscitated to successfully propagate multi-layered, organoids from cervical keratinocytes (n = 3). For best results, biopsy-intrinsic factors such as size and tissue digestion appear to be major variables. This seems to be the first systematic report with a well characterized and defined sample size, detailed protocol, and carefully assessed cell yield and performance. This research is particularly impactful for constituting a sample repository-on-demand for appropriate disease modelling and drug screening under the umbrella of personalized health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter L Villa
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay ON, P7B 5E1, Canada.,Probe Development and Biomarker Exploration, Thunder Bay Regional Health Research Institute, Thunder Bay ON, P7B 6V4, Canada
| | - Robert Jackson
- Probe Development and Biomarker Exploration, Thunder Bay Regional Health Research Institute, Thunder Bay ON, P7B 6V4, Canada.,Biotechnology Program, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay ON, P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Statton Eade
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay ON, P7B 5E1, Canada.,Probe Development and Biomarker Exploration, Thunder Bay Regional Health Research Institute, Thunder Bay ON, P7B 6V4, Canada
| | - Nicholas Escott
- Thunder Bay Regional Health Sciences Centre, Thunder Bay ON, P7B 6V4, Canada
| | - Ingeborg Zehbe
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay ON, P7B 5E1, Canada. .,Probe Development and Biomarker Exploration, Thunder Bay Regional Health Research Institute, Thunder Bay ON, P7B 6V4, Canada.
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22
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The renaissance of human skin organ culture: A critical reappraisal. Differentiation 2018; 104:22-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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23
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Re S, Dogan AA, Ben-Shachar D, Berger G, Werling AM, Walitza S, Grünblatt E. Improved Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells From Hair Derived Keratinocytes - A Tool to Study Neurodevelopmental Disorders as ADHD. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:321. [PMID: 30319360 PMCID: PMC6167495 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, there is an increasing application of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) for disease modeling. The iPSC technology enables the study of patient-specific neuronal cell lines in vitro to evaluate dysfunction at the cellular level and identify the responsible genetic factors. This approach might be particularly valuable for filling the gap of knowledge at the cellular and molecular levels underlying the pathophysiology of various neurodevelopmental and/or psychiatric disorders, such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, the invasiveness of skin biopsy or blood withdrawal might represent a major impediment in such protected population. Using hair derived keratinocytes as starting somatic cells circumvents this problem as sample collections can be performed non-invasively. Here we describe an improved, convenient, standardized and effective method to culture and reprogram hair derived keratinocytes from three healthy controls and one ADHD patient into iPSCs, which in turn will be used to generate differentiated neuronal cells. All the cell types were maintained in highly defined, serum-free conditions and showed expression of the respective key marker genes, assessed by both immunocytochemistry and qRT-PCR. The described in vitro personalized neuronal model has its advantage in modeling neurodevelopmental trajectories since it can recapitulate key processes of brain development at the cellular and molecular level and is intended to be used as for example studying ADHD etiopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvano Re
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Asli Aybike Dogan
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dorit Ben-Shachar
- Laboratory of Psychobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Rambam Health Care Campus, B. Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Rappaport Family Institute for Research in Medical Sciences, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Gregor Berger
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anna Maria Werling
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Walitza
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Edna Grünblatt
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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24
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Fenini G, Grossi S, Contassot E, Biedermann T, Reichmann E, French LE, Beer HD. Genome Editing of Human Primary Keratinocytes by CRISPR/Cas9 Reveals an Essential Role of the NLRP1 Inflammasome in UVB Sensing. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 138:2644-2652. [PMID: 30096351 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
By forming a protective barrier, epidermal keratinocytes represent the first line of defense against environmental insults. UVB radiation of the sun is a major challenge for the skin and can induce inflammation, aging, and eventually skin cancer. UVB induces an immune response in human keratinocytes resulting in activation and secretion of the proinflammatory cytokines proIL-1β and -18. This is mediated by an assembly of protein complexes, termed inflammasomes. However, the mechanisms underlying sensing of UVB by keratinocytes, and particularly the types of inflammasomes required for cytokine secretion, are a matter of debate. To address these questions, we established a protocol that allows the generation of CRISPR/Cas9-targeted human primary keratinocytes. Our experiments showed an essential role of the NLRP1 rather than the NLRP3 inflammasome in UVB sensing and subsequent IL-1β and -18 secretion by keratinocytes. Moreover, NLRP1 but not NLRP3 was required for inflammasome activation in response to nigericin, a potassium ionophore and well-established NLRP3 activator in immune cells. Because the CRISPR/Cas9-targeted cells retained their full differentiation capacity, genome editing of human primary keratinocytes might be useful for numerous research and medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Fenini
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Serena Grossi
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Contassot
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Biedermann
- Tissue Biology Research Unit, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ernst Reichmann
- Tissue Biology Research Unit, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lars E French
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Dietmar Beer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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25
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Zarkoob H, Chinnathambi S, Selby JC, Sander EA. Substrate deformations induce directed keratinocyte migration. J R Soc Interface 2018; 15:20180133. [PMID: 29899159 PMCID: PMC6030620 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2018.0133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell migration is an essential part of many (patho)physiological processes, including keratinocyte re-epithelialization of healing wounds. Physical forces and mechanical cues from the wound bed (in addition to biochemical signals) may also play an important role in the healing process. Previously, we explored this possibility and found that polyacrylamide (PA) gel stiffness affected human keratinocyte behaviour and that mechanical deformations in soft (approx. 1.2 kPa) PA gels produced by neighbouring cells appeared to influence the process of de novo epithelial sheet formation. To clearly demonstrate that keratinocytes do respond to such deformations, we conducted a series of experiments where we observed the response of single keratinocytes to a prescribed local substrate deformation that mimicked a neighbouring cell or evolving multicellular aggregate via a servo-controlled microneedle. We also examined the effect of adding either Y27632 or blebbistatin on cell response. Our results indicate that keratinocytes do sense and respond to mechanical signals comparable to those that originate from substrate deformations imposed by neighbouring cells, a finding that could have important implications for the process of keratinocyte re-epithelialization that takes place during wound healing. Furthermore, the Rho/ROCK pathway and the engagement of NM II are both essential to substrate deformation-directed keratinocyte migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda Zarkoob
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Sathivel Chinnathambi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - John C Selby
- Department of Dermatology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Edward A Sander
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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26
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Watt SM, Pleat JM. Stem cells, niches and scaffolds: Applications to burns and wound care. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 123:82-106. [PMID: 29106911 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The importance of skin to survival, and the devastating physical and psychological consequences of scarring following reparative healing of extensive or difficult to heal human wounds, cannot be disputed. We discuss the significant challenges faced by patients and healthcare providers alike in treating these wounds. New state of the art technologies have provided remarkable insights into the role of skin stem and progenitor cells and their niches in maintaining skin homeostasis and in reparative wound healing. Based on this knowledge, we examine different approaches to repair extensive burn injury and chronic wounds, including full and split thickness skin grafts, temporising matrices and scaffolds, and composite cultured skin products. Notable developments include next generation skin substitutes to replace split thickness skin autografts and next generation gene editing coupled with cell therapies to treat genodermatoses. Further refinements are predicted with the advent of bioprinting technologies, and newly defined biomaterials and autologous cell sources that can be engineered to more accurately replicate human skin architecture, function and cosmesis. These advances will undoubtedly improve quality of life for patients with extensive burns and difficult to heal wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M Watt
- Stem Cell Research, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9BQ, UK.
| | - Jonathan M Pleat
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, North Bristol NHS Trust and University of Bristol, Westbury on Trym, Bristol BS9 3TZ, UK.
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27
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Grayson AK, Hearnden V, Bolt R, Jebreel A, Colley HE, Murdoch C. Use of a Rho kinase inhibitor to increase human tonsil keratinocyte longevity for three-dimensional, tissue engineered tonsil epithelium equivalents. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 12:e1636-e1646. [PMID: 29048773 DOI: 10.1002/term.2590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The generation of tissue-engineered epithelial models is often hampered by the limited proliferative capacity of primary epithelial cells. This study aimed to isolate normal tonsillar keratinocytes (NTK) from human tonsils, increase the lifespan of these cells using the Rho kinase inhibitor Y-27632 and to develop tissue-engineered equivalents of healthy and infected tonsil epithelium. The proliferation rate of isolated NTK and expression of c-MYC and p16INK4A were measured in the absence or presence of the inhibitor. Y-27632-treated NTK were used to generate tissue-engineered tonsil epithelium equivalents using de-epidermised dermis that were then incubated with Streptococcus pyogenes to model bacterial tonsillitis, and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines was measured by cytokine array and ELISA. NTK cultured in the absence of Y-27632 rapidly senesced whereas cells cultured in the presence of this inhibitor proliferated for over 30 population doublings without changing their phenotype. Y-27632-treated NTK produced a multi-layered differentiated epithelium that histologically resembled normal tonsillar surface epithelium and responded to S. pyogenes infection by increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines including CXCL5 and IL-6. NTK can be isolated and successfully cultured in vitro with Y-27632 leading to a markedly prolonged lifespan without any deleterious consequences to cell morphology. This functional tissue-engineered equivalent of tonsil epithelium will provide a valuable tool for studying tonsil biology and host-pathogen interactions in a more physiologically relevant manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy K Grayson
- School of Clinical Dentistry, Claremont Crescent, University of Sheffield, UK
| | - Vanessa Hearnden
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, UK
| | - Robert Bolt
- School of Clinical Dentistry, Claremont Crescent, University of Sheffield, UK
| | - Ala Jebreel
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - Helen E Colley
- School of Clinical Dentistry, Claremont Crescent, University of Sheffield, UK
| | - Craig Murdoch
- School of Clinical Dentistry, Claremont Crescent, University of Sheffield, UK
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28
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Lange J, Weil F, Riegler C, Groeber F, Rebhan S, Kurdyn S, Alb M, Kneitz H, Gelbrich G, Walles H, Mielke S. Interactions of donor sources and media influence the histo-morphological quality of full-thickness skin models. Biotechnol J 2016; 11:1352-1361. [PMID: 27599760 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201600360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Human artificial skin models are increasingly employed as non-animal test platforms for research and medical purposes. However, the overall histopathological quality of such models may vary significantly. Therefore, the effects of manufacturing protocols and donor sources on the quality of skin models built-up from fibroblasts and keratinocytes derived from juvenile foreskins is studied. Histo-morphological parameters such as epidermal thickness, number of epidermal cell layers, dermal thickness, dermo-epidermal adhesion and absence of cellular nuclei in the corneal layer are obtained and scored accordingly. In total, 144 full-thickness skin models derived from 16 different donors, built-up in triplicates using three different culture conditions were successfully generated. In univariate analysis both media and donor age affected the quality of skin models significantly. Both parameters remained statistically significant in multivariate analyses. Performing general linear model analyses we could show that individual medium-donor-interactions influence the quality. These observations suggest that the optimal choice of media may differ from donor to donor and coincides with findings where significant inter-individual variations of growth rates in keratinocytes and fibroblasts have been described. Thus, the consideration of individual medium-donor-interactions may improve the overall quality of human organ models thereby forming a reproducible test platform for sophisticated clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Lange
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Center for Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation, Würzburg University Medical Center, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Frederik Weil
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Center for Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation, Würzburg University Medical Center, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Riegler
- Institute of Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Florian Groeber
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Würzburg University Medical Center, Würzburg, Germany; Translational Center Würzburg, Regenerative Therapies in Oncology and Musculoskeletal Disease, Würzburg Branch of the Fraunhofer-Institute Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology, IGB, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Silke Rebhan
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Center for Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation, Würzburg University Medical Center, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Szymon Kurdyn
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Würzburg University Medical Center, Würzburg, Germany; Translational Center Würzburg, Regenerative Therapies in Oncology and Musculoskeletal Disease, Würzburg Branch of the Fraunhofer-Institute Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology, IGB, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Miriam Alb
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Center for Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation, Würzburg University Medical Center, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Hermann Kneitz
- Department of Dermatology, Section for Histopathology, Würzburg University Medical Center, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Götz Gelbrich
- Institute of Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Heike Walles
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Würzburg University Medical Center, Würzburg, Germany; Translational Center Würzburg, Regenerative Therapies in Oncology and Musculoskeletal Disease, Würzburg Branch of the Fraunhofer-Institute Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology, IGB, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Mielke
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Center for Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation, Würzburg University Medical Center, Würzburg, Germany.
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