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Skubica P, Husakova M, Dankova P. In vitro osteoclastogenesis in autoimmune diseases - Strengths and pitfalls of a tool for studying pathological bone resorption and other disease characteristics. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21925. [PMID: 38034780 PMCID: PMC10682642 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts play a critical role in bone pathology frequently associated with autoimmune diseases. Studying the etiopathogenesis of these diseases and their clinical manifestations can involve in vitro osteoclastogenesis, an experimental technique that utilizes osteoclast precursors that are relatively easily accessible from peripheral blood or synovial fluid. However, the increasing number of methodical options to study osteoclastogenesis in vitro poses challenges in translating findings to clinical research and practice. This review compares and critically evaluates previous research work based on in vitro differentiation of human osteoclast precursors originating from patients, which aimed to explain autoimmune pathology in rheumatic and enteropathic diseases. The discussion focuses primarily on methodical differences between the studies, including the origin of osteoclast precursors, culture conditions, and methods for identifying osteoclasts and assessing their activity. Additionally, the review examines the clinical significance of the three most commonly used in vitro approaches: induced osteoclastogenesis, spontaneous osteoclastogenesis, and cell co-culture. By analyzing and integrating the gathered information, this review proposes general connections between different studies, even in cases where their results are seemingly contradictory. The derived conclusions and future directions aim to enhance our understanding of a potential and limitations of in vitro osteoclastogenesis and provide a foundation for discussing novel methods (such as osteoclastogenesis dynamic) and standardized approaches (such as spontaneous osteoclastogenesis) for future use in autoimmune disease research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Skubica
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Husakova
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague and Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavlina Dankova
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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2
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Xu Q, Kong H, Ren S, Meng F, Liu R, Jin H, Zhang J. Coix seed oil alleviates synovial angiogenesis through suppressing HIF-1α/VEGF-A signaling pathways via SIRT1 in collagen-induced arthritis rats. Chin Med 2023; 18:119. [PMID: 37715217 PMCID: PMC10504826 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-023-00833-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by symmetric arthritis. Coix Seed Oil (CSO) has been shown to reduce inflammation in collagen induced arthritis (CIA) rats. However, the effect of CSO on synovial angiogenesis in RA is unknown. In this study, we aimed to explore whether CSO could inhibit RA synovial angiogenesis and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. METHODS CIA rat models were established and subjected to different doses of CSO treatments for four weeks in vivo. Arthritis index, paw swelling, and weight were recorded to assess clinical symptoms. Hematoxylin and Eosin staining, Safarnin O fast green staining, Micro-CT, Immunohistochemical, and Immunofluorescence (IF) staining were performed to examined changes in synovial and joint tissues. The serum HIF-1α and VEGF-A levels were evaluated through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) of rats was stimulated with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) for developing inflammatory model in vitro. Optimal concentrations of CSO and TNF-α for stimulation were measured through Cell Counting Kit-8 test. Wound healing and Transwell migration experiments were employed to determine FLS migratory ability. IF staining was performed to assess HIF-1α nuclear translocation in FLS. Protein levels of SIRT1, HIF-1α, VEGF-A, and CD31 were assessed through Western blot. The isolated aortic rings were induced with recombinant rat VEGF-A 165 (VEGF-A165) to observe the CSO inhibitory impact on angiogenesis ex vivo. RESULTS CSO attenuated the progression of arthritis in CIA rats, mitigated histopathological deterioration in synovial and joint tissues, significantly inhibited immature vessels labeled with CD31+/αSMA-, and reduced the micro-vessels in VEGF-A165 induced aortic rings. Moreover, it upregulated SIRT1 protein levels in CIA rats and TNF-α induced FLS, but decreased HIF-1α and VEGF-A protein levels. Furthermore, CSO inhibited the migration ability and HIF-1α nuclear translocation of TNF-α induced FLS. Finally, suppressing SIRT1 levels in TNF-α induced FLS enhanced their migration ability, HIF-1α nuclear translocation, and the protein levels of HIF-1α, VEGF-A, and CD31, whereas the inhibitory effect of CSO on TNF-α induced FLS was severely constrained. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that CSO can alleviate synovial angiogenesis through suppressing HIF-1α/VEGF-A signaling pathways via SIRT1 in CIA rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangqiang Xu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning, 110001, China
| | - Hongxi Kong
- Department of Chinese Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning, 110001, China
| | - Shuang Ren
- Department of Chinese Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning, 110001, China
| | - Fanyan Meng
- Department of Chinese Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning, 110001, China
| | - Ruoshi Liu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning, 110001, China
| | - Hongxin Jin
- Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning, 110001, China.
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Liao C, Tao S, Xiong Y, Dai J, Bai Y, Wang X, Li Y, Wu P. The Effects and Potential Mechanisms of Moxibustion for Rheumatoid Arthritis-Related Pain: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. J Pain Res 2023; 16:1739-1749. [PMID: 37261035 PMCID: PMC10228586 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s408814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the effects of moxibustion in relieving pain, and other clinical symptoms for patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and explore the potential mechanism of moxibustion treatment for RA. Patients and Methods Seventy qualified RA patients were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to the moxibustion group or the routine group. The routine group only took oral methotrexate tablets and folic acid tablets. The moxibustion group was treated with moxibustion based on oral pharmaceutical. Moxibustion was performed two times weekly for 8 weeks, a total of 16 sessions. Patients scored their pain on a visual analog scale (VAS). The American College of Rheumatology improvement criteria of 20%, 50% and 70% (ACR20, ACR50 and ACR70) after treatment were investigated. Clinical symptoms, a disease activity score using 28 joint counts (DAS28), simplified disease activity index (SDAI), clinical disease activity index (CDAI), health assessment questionnaire (HAQ), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) of RA patients were analyzed before and after treatment. Results After treatment, the VAS scores, tender and swollen joint counts, morning stiffness scores, disease activity scores (DAS28, SDAI, CDAI), HAQ scores in the two groups were both improved, and the effects of moxibustion group were more obvious (P < 0.05). The ACR20 and ACR50 of the moxibustion group were greater than that of the routine group (P < 0.05), no significant difference of the ACR70 existed between the two groups (P > 0.05). In addition, the decreases of IL-1β, TNF-α, VEGF of the moxibustion group were better than that of the routine group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Moxibustion could effectively relieve pain, ameliorate the clinical symptoms, and decrease the disease activity of RA. The potential mechanism may be the decrease in the level of serum inflammatory factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Liao
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Siyu Tao
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Xiong
- Department of Osteoporosis, Huaxi Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingyang Dai
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Bai
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu Second People’s Hospital, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue Wang
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Rheumatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ping Wu
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
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Boldeanu MV, Boldeanu L, Cristea OM, Ciobanu DA, Poenariu SI, Dijmărescu AL, Bărbulescu AL, Pădureanu V, Sas TN, Dinescu ȘC, Vreju FA, Popoviciu HV, Ionescu RA. MMP-13, VEGF, and Disease Activity in a Cohort of Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13091653. [PMID: 37175043 PMCID: PMC10184131 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13091653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying certain serum biomarkers associated with the degree of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) activity can provide us with a more accurate view of the evolution, prognosis, and future quality of life for these patients. Our aim was to analyze the presence and clinical use of matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13), along with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and well-known cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) for patients with RA. We also wanted to identify the possible correlations between MMP-13 and these serological markers, as well as their relationship with disease activity indices, quality of life, and ultrasonographic evaluation. For this purpose, we analyzed serum samples of 34 RA patients and 12 controls. In order to assess serum concentrations for MMP-13, VEGF, TNF-α, and IL-6, we used the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Our results concluded that higher levels of MMP-13, VEGF, TNF-α, and IL-6 were present in the serum of RA patients compared to controls, with statistical significance. We furthermore identified moderately positive correlations between VEGF, MMP-13, and disease activity indices, as well as with the ultrasound findings. We also observed that VEGF had the best accuracy (97.80%), for differentiating patients with moderate disease activity. According to the data obtained in our study, that although MMP-13, TNF-α and C-reactive protein (CRP) have the same sensitivity (55.56%), MMP-13 has a better specificity (86.67%) in the diagnosis of patients with DAS28(4v) CRP values corresponding to moderate disease activity. Thus, MMP-13 can be used as a biomarker that can differentiate patients with moderate or low disease activity. VEGF and MMP-13 can be used as additional parameters, along with TNF-α and IL-6, that can provide the clinician a better picture of the inflammatory process, disease activity, and structural damage in patients with RA. Our data can certainly constitute a start point for future research and extended studies with multicenter involvement, to support the selection of individualized and accurate therapeutic management strategies for our patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihail Virgil Boldeanu
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Lidia Boldeanu
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Oana Mariana Cristea
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Dana Alexandra Ciobanu
- Doctoral School, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Sabin Ioan Poenariu
- Doctoral School, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Anda Lorena Dijmărescu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Andreea Lili Bărbulescu
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Vlad Pădureanu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Teodor Nicuşor Sas
- Department of Radiology and Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Ștefan Cristian Dinescu
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Florentin Ananu Vreju
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Horațiu Valeriu Popoviciu
- Department of Rheumatology, BFK and Medical Rehabilitation, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Răzvan Adrian Ionescu
- Third Internal Medicine Department, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
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George G, Shyni GL, Mohan S, Abraham B, Nisha P, Ranjith S, Rajankutty K, Raghu KG. In vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic effect of Tinospora cordifolia via modulation of JAK/STAT pathway. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:1009-1025. [PMID: 36840884 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01155-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disorder causing cartilage and joint degeneration. In spite of the availability of several robust drugs like biologics, most of the patients are unresponsive, and reports of severe adverse effects following long-term use are also there. Subsequently the use of natural plant-based products in RA therapy is broadening over the years. Tinospora cordifolia is a widely used medicinal plant in Ayurveda against various inflammatory disorders including RA. However, there is very limited knowledge regarding the actual molecular events responsible for its therapeutic effect, and this has limited its acceptance among the professionals. PURPOSE To explore the anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic effect of hydro-alcoholic extract from Tinospora cordifolia. METHODS The rich polyphenol nature of the extract was elucidated using HPLC. LPS-stimulated murine macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 was used for in vitro studies, and collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model was used for in vivo studies. RESULTS The polyphenols in TCE were identified using HPLC. TCE effectively downregulated the level of pro-inflammatory mediators (IL-6, TNF-α, PGE2, and NO) in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Subsequently the upregulated expression of COX-2 and iNOS following LPS stimulation were also downregulated by TCE. Furthermore, TCE targeted the upstream kinases of the JAK/STAT pathway, a crucial inflammatory pathway. The expression of VEGF, a key angiogenic factor as well as an inflammatory mediator was also decreased following pre-treatment with TCE. The anti-arthritic effect of TCE (150 mg/kg) was evaluated in the CIA model as well. From the results of histopathology, oral administration of TCE was found to be effective in reducing the clinical symptoms of arthritis including paw edema, erythema, and hyperplasia. In vivo results validated the in vitro results and there was a significant reduction in serum level of pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-17, NO, and PGE2). The phosphorylation of STAT3 and the expression of VEGF were also downregulated following TCE treatment. CONCLUSION Our study provided a detailed insight into the molecular events associated with anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic effect of Tinospora cordifolia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genu George
- Biochemistry and Molecular Mechanism Laboratory, Agroprocessing and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695019, India
| | - G L Shyni
- Biochemistry and Molecular Mechanism Laboratory, Agroprocessing and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695019, India
| | - Sreelekshmi Mohan
- Biochemistry and Molecular Mechanism Laboratory, Agroprocessing and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695019, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Billu Abraham
- Biochemistry and Molecular Mechanism Laboratory, Agroprocessing and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695019, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - P Nisha
- Biochemistry and Molecular Mechanism Laboratory, Agroprocessing and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695019, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - S Ranjith
- Jubilee Centre for Medical Research (JCMR), Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur, Kerala, 680005, India
| | - K Rajankutty
- Jubilee Centre for Medical Research (JCMR), Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur, Kerala, 680005, India
| | - K G Raghu
- Biochemistry and Molecular Mechanism Laboratory, Agroprocessing and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695019, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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6
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Niu M, Zhao F, Chen R, Li P, Bi L. The transient receptor potential channels in rheumatoid arthritis: Need to pay more attention. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1127277. [PMID: 36926330 PMCID: PMC10013686 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1127277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by the augment of vascular permeability, increased inflammatory cells infiltration, dysregulated immune cells activation, pannus formation and unbearable pain hyperalgesia. Ca2+ affect almost every aspect of cellular functions, involving cell migration, signal transduction, proliferation, and apoptosis. Transient receptor potential channels (TRPs) as a type of non-selective permeable cation channels, can regulate Ca2+ entry and intracellular Ca2+ signal in cells including immune cells and neurons. Researches have demonstrated that TRPs in the mechanisms of inflammatory diseases have achieved rapid progress, while the roles of TRPs in RA pathogenesis and pain hyperalgesia are still not well understood. To solve this problem, this review presents the evidence of TRPs on vascular endothelial cells in joint swelling, neutrophils activation and their trans-endothelial migration, as well as their bridging role in the reactive oxygen species/TRPs/Ca2+/peptidyl arginine deiminases networks in accelerating citrullinated proteins formation. It also points out the distinct functions of TRPs subfamilies expressed in the nervous systems of joints in cold hyperalgesia and neuro-inflammation mutually influenced inflammatory pain in RA. Thus, more attention could be paid on the impact of TRPs in RA and TRPs are useful in researches on the molecular mechanisms of anti-inflammation and analgesic therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengwen Niu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Liqi Bi
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Gómez-Bernal F, Fernández-Cladera Y, Quevedo-Abeledo JC, García-González M, González-Rivero AF, de Vera-González A, Martín-González C, González-Gay MÁ, Ferraz-Amaro I. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Its Soluble Receptor in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12121884. [PMID: 36551311 PMCID: PMC9775345 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a major regulator of physiological and pathological angiogenesis. Its soluble receptor (sVEGFR) is a potent VEGF antagonist. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with a diverse array of clinical manifestations that affect virtually any organ. We aimed to analyze the relationship of VEGF and sVEGFR with SLE disease-related features including disease activity, damage, and severity. Serum levels of VEGF165 isoform and sVEGFR (receptor 1) were assessed in 284 well-characterized patients with SLE. Linear regression analysis was performed to analyze the relationship of disease characteristics with both VEGF and sVEGFR. Patients with a disease damage index (SLICC score) equal to or greater than 1 had significantly elevated serum levels of VEGF and sVEGFR. Regarding disease-specific features, musculoskeletal manifestations were the disease feature most commonly associated with the upregulation of both VEGF and sVEGFR. SLE disease damage is associated with higher levels of VEGF and sVEGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuensanta Gómez-Bernal
- Division of Central Laboratory, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, 38320 Tenerife, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Candelaria Martín-González
- Division of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, 38320 Tenerife, Spain
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of La Laguna (ULL), 38200 Tenerife, Spain
| | - Miguel Á. González-Gay
- Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, 39011 Santander, Spain
- Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Universidad de Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain
- Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa
- Correspondence: (M.Á.G.-G.); (I.F.-A.)
| | - Iván Ferraz-Amaro
- Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, 38320 Tenerife, Spain
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of La Laguna (ULL), 38200 Tenerife, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.Á.G.-G.); (I.F.-A.)
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8
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Saleh RO, Mahmood LA, Mohammed MA, AL-Rawi KF, Al-Hakeim HK. Use of some bone-related cytokines as predictors for rheumatoid arthritis severity by neural network analysis. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION AND IMMUNITY 2022. [DOI: 10.15789/2220-7619-uos-2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Background. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by synovial membrane inflammation that results in joint damage. Many earlier studies have measured cytokines for a better diagnosis of RA. In the present study, three bone biomarkers (osteopontin, Stromelysin-1 (MMP3), and vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF)) are examined for their ability to estimate the severity of disease by using artificial neural network (NN) analysis and regression analysis.
Methods: The study enrolled 87 RA patients and 44 healthy control subjects. The biomarkers were measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Disease Activity Score (28 joints) and C-reactive protein (CRP) (DAS28-CRP) was calculated by using (DAS28-CRP) calculator. The patients with DAS28-CRP5.1 are considered as having high disease activity (HDA). While patients group with DAS28-CRP5.1 are considered as moderate disease activity (MDA). The neural network (NN) analysis was used for the differentiation between groups.
Results. Results showed that the most sensitive predictor for high disease activity (HDA) of RA is MMP3, followed by osteopontin and VEGF. These three biomarkers can differentiate significantly between HDA and moderate disease activity (MDA) with a relatively high size effect (Partial 2=0.323, p0.001). HDA group has a significantly higher MMP3, CRP, RF, and anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) than the MDA group.
Conclusions. The use of the NN analysis indicated that the measured biomarkers help predict the HDA state in RA patients. MMP3 and osteopontin are diagnostic biomarkers for the severity of RA disease and related to many disease-related characteristics with a sensitivity of 88.9% and specificity of 68.4%.
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9
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Jiang SZ, To JL, Hughes MR, McNagny KM, Kim H. Platelet signaling at the nexus of innate immunity and rheumatoid arthritis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:977828. [PMID: 36505402 PMCID: PMC9732516 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.977828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a debilitating autoimmune disorder characterized by chronic inflammation of the synovial tissues and progressive destruction of bone and cartilage. The inflammatory response and subsequent tissue degradation are orchestrated by complex signaling networks between immune cells and their products in the blood, vascular endothelia and the connective tissue cells residing in the joints. Platelets are recognized as immune-competent cells with an important role in chronic inflammatory diseases such as RA. Here we review the specific aspects of platelet function relevant to arthritic disease, including current knowledge of the molecular crosstalk between platelets and other innate immune cells that modulate RA pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Z. Jiang
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jeffrey L. To
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Michael R. Hughes
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada,School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kelly M. McNagny
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada,School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada,Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Hugh Kim
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada,Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada,*Correspondence: Hugh Kim,
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10
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Lyros I, Perrea D, Tosios K, Nikitakis N, Tsolakis IA, Ferdianakis E, Fora E, Lykogeorgos T, Maroulakos MP, Vardas E, Georgaki M, Papadopoulou E, Tsolakis AI. Histological and Biochemical Analysis after Posterior Mandibular Displacement in Rats. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9110625. [PMID: 36356102 PMCID: PMC9697094 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9110625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The lower jaw has a particular contribution to the human appearance, and so it is not uncommon for people to seek treatment in cases of its extreme growth. The orthodontist often selects to place intraoral devices in order to address the problem. This study used healthy young rats to guide their lower jaws backward. Measurements of biochemical molecules in blood that are related to bone metabolism did not reveal any statistically significant differences. However, noteworthy local microscopic alterations of the condyle were evidenced. They involved histological changes in bone structure and the thickness of cartilage. In conclusion, it seems that the procedure under study might not cause any severe organic disturbance in the lab animals under the conditions of the experiment. Only minor histological effects on condylar morphology were observed. Abstract The present study aimed to investigate any biochemical and histological changes of the rat condyle and mandible in animals that had sustained mandibular growth restriction. Seventy-two male Wistar rats were divided into two equal groups, experimental and control. Each group consisted of three equal subgroups. The animals were sacrificed 30, 60, and 90 days after the start of the experiment. Blood samples were collected from the eye, and the osteoprotegerin (OPG), Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor Kappa B Ligand (RANKL), and Macrophage Colony-Stimulating factor (MCSF)concentrations were measured by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. A histological analysis was performed on the mandibular condyles. The blood serum values of OPG, RANKL, and MCSF did not exhibit any statistically significant difference between groups or subgroups. However, significant histological changes became evident after a histomorphometric condylar examination was performed. The Bone Surface/Total Surface ratio appeared reduced in the anterior and posterior regions of the condyle. In addition, the Posterior Condylar Cartilage Thickness was measured and determined to be significantly diminished. The present intervention that employed orthodontic/orthopedic devices did not prove to have any significant effect on the circulating proteins under study. Posterior displacement of the mandible may culminate only in local histological alterations in condylar cartilage thickness and its osseous microarchitecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Lyros
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence:
| | - Despoina Perrea
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research “N.S. Christeas”, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Tosios
- Department of Oral Medicine & Pathology and Hospital Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Nikitakis
- Department of Oral Medicine & Pathology and Hospital Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis A. Tsolakis
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54623 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Efstratios Ferdianakis
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Fora
- Department of Oral Medicine & Pathology and Hospital Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Michael P. Maroulakos
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Vardas
- Department of Oral Medicine & Pathology and Hospital Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Georgaki
- Department of Oral Medicine & Pathology and Hospital Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Erofili Papadopoulou
- Department of Oral Medicine & Pathology and Hospital Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Apostolos I. Tsolakis
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Department of Orthodontics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Min HK, Kim SH, Lee JY, Lee SH, Kim HR. DJ-1 controls T cell differentiation and osteoclastogenesis in rheumatoid arthritis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12767. [PMID: 35896699 PMCID: PMC9329329 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16285-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we investigated the effect of DJ-1 on helper T cell differentiation, fibroblast-like synoviocyte (FLS) activation, and osteoclastogenesis in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Serum and synovial fluid (SF) of RA and osteoarthritis (OA) patients were collected, and DJ-1 and H2O2 levels were investigated. CD4+ cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were cultured under type 17 helper T cell (Th17) polarization conditions, and CD4+ T cell differentiation, pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, and soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL) were assessed. RA-FLSs were stimulated with 50 μM H2O2, and DJ-1 (10, 50, 100 ng/mL) to evaluate MMP-9, VEGF, TNF-α, and sRANKL production, while RANKL+ FLSs were assessed using flow cytometry. Monocytes were cultured with RANKL or IL-17A with or without DJ-1 and H2O2-pretreated RA-FLS, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining and RT-qPCR of osteoclast-related genes were performed. The levels of DJ-1 and H2O2 in serum and SF of RA patients were higher than those of OA patients. Under Th17-polarizing conditions, CD4+RANKL+ and CD4+CCR4+CCR6+CXCR3- T cells decreased, whereas CD4+CD25highFoxp3+ T cell increased after DJ-1 administration. Additionally, IL-17A, TNF-α, and sRANKL levels decreased in DJ-1-treated groups. DJ-1 lowered MMP-9, VEGF, TNF-α, and sRANKL levels, and RANKL+ FLS in ROS-stimulated RA-FLS. Both RANKL and IL-17A stimulated osteoclast differentiation, DJ-1 decreased TRAP+ cell count, and the expression levels of TRAP, ATP6v0d2, NFATc1, and CTSK. These findings were also observed in in vitro osteoclastogenesis with DJ-1 pretreated RA-FLS. As DJ-1 regulates Th17/Treg imbalance, pro-inflammatory cytokine production, RA-FLS activation, and osteoclastogenesis, it holds potential for RA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Ki Min
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, 05030, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Hee Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, 05030, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yeon Lee
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, 05030, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Heon Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, 120-1, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05030, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Rim Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, 120-1, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05030, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Peficitinib inhibits fibroblast-like synoviocyte activation and angiogenic vascular endothelial tube formation via inhibitory effects on PDGF and VEGF signaling in addition to JAK. J Pharmacol Sci 2022; 150:74-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Systematic Review: Targeted Molecular Imaging of Angiogenesis and Its Mediators in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137071. [PMID: 35806074 PMCID: PMC9267012 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive angiogenesis is a characteristic feature in the synovial tissue of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) from a very early stage of the disease onward and constitutes a crucial event for the development of the proliferative synovium. This process is markedly intensified in patients with prolonged disease duration, high disease activity, disease severity, and significant inflammatory cell infiltration. Angiogenesis is therefore an interesting target for the development of new therapeutic approaches as well as disease monitoring strategies in RA. To this end, nuclear imaging modalities represent valuable non-invasive tools that can selectively target molecular markers of angiogenesis and accurately and quantitatively track molecular changes in multiple joints simultaneously. This systematic review summarizes the imaging markers used for single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and/or positron emission tomography (PET) approaches, targeting pathways and mediators involved in synovial neo-angiogenesis in RA.
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Zhou Y, Zhao Y, Xu H, Zhao X, Zhao C, Zhou T, Zhang Y. Antirheumatoid Arthritic Effects of Sabia parviflora Wall. Leaf Extracts via the NF-κB Pathway and Transient Receptor Potential Protein Family. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:880350. [PMID: 35784680 PMCID: PMC9243545 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.880350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
As an important traditional medicine of Buyi and Miao ethnic groups in Guizhou, Sabia parviflora Wall. provides antiviral properties against hepatitis, eliminates wind and dampness, and exhibits anti-inflammatory and pain relief properties. It has also been shown to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other diseases. However, the pharmacodynamic mechanism of S. parviflora Wall. for RA has not been reported. In this study, we identified the effective compounds of S. parviflora Wall. leaves against RA and discussed the mechanism against complete Freund’s adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) based on inflammatory proteins and transient receptor potential (TRP) proteins. S. parviflora Wall. leaf extracts (0.64 g/kg, 0.32 g/kg, and 0.16 g/kg, once daily) were given orally for 21 days. On the 15th day of complete Freund’s adjuvant-induced RA, the effects of this medicine on RA rats were investigated. S. parviflora Wall. extracts increased body weight, decreased foot swelling, and reduced thymus and spleen indices in model rats. Most of pannus in the synovial tissue of RA rats disappeared upon treatment, and the local inflammatory cells were greatly reduced when given the fraction of n-butanol (0.64 g/kg/d, 0.32 g/kg/d, and 0.16 g/kg/d) of 70% alcohol-soluble fraction of S. parviflora Wall. leaves. In addition, the release of inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), interleukin-15 (IL-15), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the RA rat serum was inhibited. The active compounds inhibited the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-15 and nuclear factor kappa-Bp65 (NF-κBp65) inflammatory protein and TRP protein transient receptor potential melastatin-5 (TRPM-5) and transient receptor potential channel-6 (TRPC-6), to reduce the expression of VEGF in synovial tissue of RA rats and relieve redness and edema. High-performance liquid chromatography identified six flavonoids and three triterpenoid saponins as active compounds. These findings suggest S. parviflora Wall. leaves may play a role in RA treatment by inhibiting the release of inflammatory factors as well as participating in the inflammatory protein expression in the NF-κB pathway and TRP protein family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiang Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
- *Correspondence: Yongqiang Zhou, ; Tao Zhou,
| | - Yamin Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Hui Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Chunli Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
- Resource Institute for Chinese & Ethnic Materia Medica, Gui Zhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
- *Correspondence: Yongqiang Zhou, ; Tao Zhou,
| | - Yongping Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
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Preliminary Report: Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis Synovial Fluid Increased Osteoclastogenesis In Vitro by Monocyte Differentiation Pathway Regulating Cytokines. Mediators Inflamm 2022; 2022:2606916. [PMID: 35693109 PMCID: PMC9175097 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2606916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA) are common joint diseases associated with changes in local, as well as systemic bone structure and osteoclast function. We investigated how the different soluble inflammatory stimuli in these diseases can affect osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption in vitro. Methods. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cell-derived osteoclasts were cultured on bone slices with serum from treatment-naïve RA patients and healthy controls and with synovial fluid samples acquired from RA and OA patients. The concentrations of 29 different cytokines and related proteins, including RANKL and OPG, were analyzed in the fluids tested. Results. RA serum and synovial fluid increased both osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption. Osteoclastogenesis and activity increased more in the cultures containing OA than RA synovial fluid. The osteoclasts cultured in different culture media exhibited different phenotypes, especially the cells cultured with OA synovial fluid were generally larger and had more nuclei. A general increase in proinflammatory cytokines in RA synovial fluid and serum was found. Surprisingly, OA synovial fluid showed lower levels of osteoclastogenesis inhibiting cytokines, such as IL-4 and IL-10, than RA synovial fluid, which at least partly explains more pronounced osteoclastogenesis. No significant difference was found in RANKL or OPG levels. Conclusion. The proinflammatory stimulus in OA and RA drives the monocyte differentiation towards inflammatory osteoclastogenesis and altered osteoclast phenotype.
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Noguchi T, Kitaura H, Marahleh A, Ohori F, Nara Y, Pramusita A, Kinjo R, Ma J, Kanou K, Mizoguchi I. Tumor necrosis factor-α enhances the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in a mouse orthodontic tooth movement model. J Dent Sci 2022; 17:415-420. [PMID: 35028065 PMCID: PMC8739756 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2021.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Tooth movement that is achieved using orthodontic mechanical principles relies on bone resorption which takes place on the compression side via osteoclasts. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) has been known to affect osteoclast formation in orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which is one of the mediators of angiogenesis, also plays an important role in OTM by inducing vascular permeability and chemotaxis of osteoclast precursors. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to evaluate the effect of TNF-α on VEGF expression during OTM. Materials and methods In order to demonstrate the effect of TNF-α on VEGF expression during OTM, a nickel titanium closed coil spring was fixed to the upper left first molar and the alveolar bone beneath the upper incisors of both wild type (WT) and TNF receptors (TNFRs) deficient mice resulting in a mesial movement of the molar for 12 days. The maxilla was removed for histological analysis and real-time RCR analysis of VEGF expression. Results Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that there were fewer VEGF-positive cells in the periodontal membrane on the mesial side of the distobuccal root in TNFRs-deficient mice than that in WT mice during the OTM for 12 days. Furthermore, expression of VEGF mRNA is lower level in TNFRs-deficient mice than that in WT mice. Conclusion Our results indicate that TNF-α plays an important role in VEGF expression during tooth movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Noguchi
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hideki Kitaura
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Aseel Marahleh
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Fumitoshi Ohori
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Nara
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Adya Pramusita
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ria Kinjo
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Jinghan Ma
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kayoko Kanou
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Itaru Mizoguchi
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
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Sallam RA, Saad BS, El Wassefy MA, EL Kady BA. Effect of vascular endothelial growth factor gene polymorphisms on disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis. EGYPTIAN RHEUMATOLOGY AND REHABILITATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43166-021-00098-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The full etiology of RA remains unclear; in addition to the contributions of infectious, hormonal, and environmental factors, several lines of evidence have suggested that the disease has a genetic basis. The VEGF gene is also an independent risk factor for RA severity and correlates with multiple disease parameters, such as disease activity, joint damage, and functional disability. This case-control study aimed to investigate the impact of a common genetic polymorphism in the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene on disease activity and synovial lesions in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
Results
T allele was present in the RA group more frequently (22.5% vs. 10% respectively in controls). The C allele was less frequent in the RA group (77.7% vs. 90% respectively in controls) (P = 0.002). Homozygous genotype (CC) was found in 61.2% of patients and 82.5% of controls, homozygous genotype (TT) in 6.3% of patients, and 2.5% of controls while heterozygous (CT) genotype in 32.5% of patients and 15% of controls (P = 0.011). Grade 1 PDUS was found in 30.6% of CC and 11.5% of CT and not found in TT genotypes. The grade 2 was found in 69.4%, 65.4%, and only 20% of CC, CT, and TT genotypes, respectively. The grade 3 was found in 80% of TT, 23.1% of CT, and none of CC genotypes (P < 0.001).
Conclusion
An association between VEGF gene SNP rs3025039 and increased risk for RA among a sample of Egyptian population was noticed. VEGF gene polymorphism appears to be a potential diagnostic activity indicator and a promising therapeutic target for RA patients.
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Pentosan polysulfate sodium prevents functional decline in chikungunya infected mice by modulating growth factor signalling and lymphocyte activation. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255125. [PMID: 34492036 PMCID: PMC8423248 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an arthropod-borne virus that causes large outbreaks world-wide leaving millions of people with severe and debilitating arthritis. Interestingly, clinical presentation of CHIKV arthritides have many overlapping features with rheumatoid arthritis including cellular and cytokine pathways that lead to disease development and progression. Currently, there are no specific treatments or vaccines available to treat CHIKV infections therefore advocating the need for the development of novel therapeutic strategies to treat CHIKV rheumatic disease. Herein, we provide an in-depth analysis of an efficacious new treatment for CHIKV arthritis with a semi-synthetic sulphated polysaccharide, Pentosan Polysulfate Sodium (PPS). Mice treated with PPS showed significant functional improvement as measured by grip strength and a reduction in hind limb foot swelling. Histological analysis of the affected joint showed local inflammation was reduced as seen by a decreased number of infiltrating immune cells. Additionally, joint cartilage was protected as demonstrated by increased proteoglycan staining. Using a multiplex-immunoassay system, we also showed that at peak disease, PPS treatment led to a systemic reduction of the chemokines CXCL1, CCL2 (MCP-1), CCL7 (MCP-3) and CCL12 (MCP-5) which may be associated with the reduction in cellular infiltrates. Further characterisation of the local effect of PPS in its action to reduce joint and muscle inflammation was performed using NanoString™ technology. Results showed that PPS altered the local expression of key functional genes characterised for their involvement in growth factor signalling and lymphocyte activation. Overall, this study shows that PPS is a promising treatment for alphaviral arthritis by reducing inflammation and protecting joint integrity.
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Sun S, Du Y, Li S, Gao B, Xia R, Cao W, Zhang C, Zhu E. Anti-inflammatory activity of different isolated sites of Chloranthus serratus in complete Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritic rats. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:848. [PMID: 34149894 PMCID: PMC8210295 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chloranthus serratus is a traditional Chinese medicine for treating arthritis and bruises. The aim of the present study was to investigate the anti-arthritic activities and possible associated mechanisms of different isolated sites of Chloranthus serratus (DISC) in adjuvant-induced arthritis (AA) rats. The therapeutic effects of the extracts were assessed through changes in body weights, swelling rates, arthritis indexes (AI) and organ indexes. The levels of nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase were determined using one-step method, TBA method and hydroxylamine method, respectively; the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, prostaglandin E2, macrophage inhibitor factor-1, VEGF, immunoglobulin (Ig) G, IgM and IFN-γ in serum were determined using ELISA. Pathological changes and positive expression of VEGF in the ankle joints were investigated using hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemical staining, respectively. DISC treatment increased the weight gains and thymus indexes, and decreased the swelling rates, spleen indexes and AI in AA rats. The water isolated site (WA) and ethyl acetate isolated site (EA) significantly reversed complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced changes in the levels of NO, IL-6, TNF-α, IgG and IFN-γ, while the n-butanol isolated site (NB) only reversed the changes in IL-6 and IgG contents. Some changes in the chloroform isolated site group showed the same trend as those in the model group. The extracts relieved synovial hyperplasia, inflammatory cell infiltration and articular surface defects, and reduced the positive expression rate of VEGF in the synovial tissues of the AA rats to varying degrees. The WA exhibited the most marked effects, followed by the EA and NB, indicating that WA had optimal therapeutic effects on CFA-induced arthritic rats, which may be mediated by the oxidative stress and inhibition of inflammatory factors. C. serratus may serve as a potential candidate for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuping Sun
- Pharmacy Teaching and Research Department, College of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P.R. China
- Institute of Natural Daily Chemistry, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P.R. China
| | - Yunyan Du
- Pharmacy Teaching and Research Department, College of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P.R. China
| | - Shengli Li
- The Third Orthopedics Department, The Fifth People's Hospital of Wuhu, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P.R. China
| | - Bianbian Gao
- Pharmacy Teaching and Research Department, College of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P.R. China
| | - Rongping Xia
- Pharmacy Teaching and Research Department, College of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P.R. China
| | - Wenjing Cao
- Pharmacy Teaching and Research Department, College of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P.R. China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Pharmacy Teaching and Research Department, College of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P.R. China
| | - Enze Zhu
- Pharmacy Teaching and Research Department, College of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P.R. China
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Wu CY, Yang HY, Huang JL, Lai JH. Signals and Mechanisms Regulating Monocyte and Macrophage Activation in the Pathogenesis of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157960. [PMID: 34360720 PMCID: PMC8347893 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocytes (Mos) and macrophages (Mφs) are key players in the innate immune system and are critical in coordinating the initiation, expansion, and regression of many autoimmune diseases. In addition, they display immunoregulatory effects that impact inflammation and are essential in tissue repair and regeneration. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is an umbrella term describing inflammatory joint diseases in children. Accumulated evidence suggests a link between Mo and Mφ activation and JIA pathogenesis. Accordingly, topics regarding the signals and mechanisms regulating Mo and Mφ activation leading to pathologies in patients with JIA are of great interest. In this review, we critically summarize recent advances in the understanding of how Mo and Mφ activation is involved in JIA pathogenesis and focus on the signaling pathways and mechanisms participating in the related cell activation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Yi Wu
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (C.-Y.W.); (J.-L.H.)
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
| | - Huang-Yu Yang
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
- Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Long Huang
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (C.-Y.W.); (J.-L.H.)
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
- Department of Pediatrics, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital, New Taipei City 236, Taiwan
| | - Jenn-Haung Lai
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- National Defense Medical Center, Graduate Institute of Medical Science, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +886-2-8791-8382
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Kim HY, Park JH, Kim MJ, Lee JH, Oh SH, Byun JH. The effects of VEGF-centered biomimetic delivery of growth factors on bone regeneration. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:3675-3691. [PMID: 33899852 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm00245g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
It is accepted that biomimetic supply of signaling molecules during bone regeneration can provide an appropriate environment for accelerated new bone formation. In this study, we developed a growth factor delivery system based on porous particles and a thermosensitive hydrogel that allowed fast, continuous, and delayed/continuous release of growth factors to mimic their biological production during bone regeneration. It was observed that the Continuous group (continuous release of growth factors) provides a better environment for the osteogenic differentiation of hPDCs than the Biomimetic group (biomimetic release of growth factors), and thus is anticipated to promote bone regeneration. However, contrary to expectation, the Biomimetic group promoted significant new bone formation compared to the Continuous group. From the systematic cell culture experiments, the initial supply of VEGF was considered to have more favorable effects on the osteoclastogenesis than osteogenesis, which may hinder bone regeneration. Our results indicated that the continuous supply of VEGF (in particular, at early stage) from VEGF-loaded biomaterial might not be conducive to new bone formation. Therefore, we suggest that a biomimetic supply of growth factors is a more pivotal parameter for sufficient tissue regeneration. Its use as a molecular delivery system may also serve as a useful tool for the investigation of biological processes and molecules during tissue regeneration processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Yong Kim
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin-Ho Park
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea. and Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ji Kim
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin Ho Lee
- Department of Advanced Materials, Hannam University, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Heang Oh
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea.
| | - June-Ho Byun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea. and Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
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Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Biology and Its Potential as a Therapeutic Target in Rheumatic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105387. [PMID: 34065409 PMCID: PMC8161097 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatic diseases constitute a diversified group of diseases distinguished by arthritis and often involve other organs. The affected individual has low quality of life, productivity even life-threatening in some severe conditions. Moreover, they impose significant economic and social burdens. In recent years, the patient outcome has been improved significantly due to clearer comprehension of the pathology of rheumatic diseases and the effectiveness of "treat to target" therapies. However, the high cost and the adverse effects are the concerns and full remissions are not often observed. One of the main processes that contributes to the pathogenesis of rheumatic diseases is angiogenesis. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a central mediator that regulates angiogenesis, has different isoforms and functions in various physiological processes. Increasing evidence suggests an association between the VEGF system and rheumatic diseases. Anti-VEGF and VEGF receptor (VEGFR) therapies have been used to treat several cancers and eye diseases. This review summarizes the current understanding of VEGF biology and its role in the context of rheumatic diseases, the contribution of VEGF bioavailability in the pathogenesis of rheumatic diseases, and the potential implications of therapeutic approaches targeting VEGF for these diseases.
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Dickkopf-1 perpetuated synovial fibroblast activation and synovial angiogenesis in rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Rheumatol 2021; 40:4279-4288. [PMID: 34013491 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-021-05766-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dickkopf-1 (Dkk-1), a regulatory molecule of the Wnt pathway, is elevated and leads to bone resorption in patients with RA. This study is aimed to investigate the contribution of Dkk-1 to synovial inflammation and synovial fibroblast-mediated angiogenesis in RA. METHODS The expression of Dkk-1 in RA synovial fibroblasts (RASF) and osteoarthritis synovial fibroblasts (OASF) was detected by real-time PCR and ELISA, respectively. RASF were stimulated with different pro-inflammatory factors. The expression of angiogenic factors, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and MMPs in RASF was analyzed by real-time PCR when Dkk-1 was inhibited or overexpressed. Meanwhile, the concentrations of MCP-1, IL-6, IL-8, and MMP-3 in the cell culture supernatant were assessed by ELISA. The effects of Dkk-1 on the MAPK signaling pathway were evaluated by western blot. Matrigel tube formation assay was employed to reveal the direct and indirect effects of Dkk-1 on synovial angiogenesis. RESULTS Dkk-1 expression was elevated in synovial fluids and synovial fibroblasts of RA patients. Treatment with various pro-inflammatory cytokines significantly promoted DKK-1 expression in RASF. The production of potent angiogenic factors, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and MMPs in RASF was elevated, whereas the reverse results were found in the inhibitor groups. Silenced Dkk-1expression in RASF dampened capillary tube organization in both direct and indirect manners, resulting in restrained ERK, JNK, and p38 signaling pathway activation. CONCLUSION We concluded that Dkk-1 exacerbated the inflammation, cartilage erosion, and angiogenesis mediated by synovial fibroblasts in RA. Modulation of DKK-1 expression may facilitate development of novel strategies to control RA. Key points • Dkk-1 expression was elevated in synovial fluids and synovial fibroblasts of RA patients. • Treatment with various pro-inflammatory cytokines significantly promoted DKK-1 expression. • Silenced Dkk-1expression in RASF dampened capillary tube organization.
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Xin PL, Jie LF, Cheng Q, Bin DY, Dan CW. Pathogenesis and Function of Interleukin-35 in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:655114. [PMID: 34054534 PMCID: PMC8155723 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.655114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well known that RA (Rheumatoid arthritis) is an autoimmune disease characterized by multiple and symmetric arthropathy. The main pathological features of RA are synovial hyperplasia, angiogenesis, pannus formation, inflammatory cell infiltration, articular cartilage, bone destruction, and ultimately joint dysfunction, even deformity. IL-35 (Interleukin-35) is a new member of the IL-12 (Interleukin-12) family, which is an immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory cytokine secreted mainly by Treg (T regulatory cells). There is evidence suggested that IL-35 can attenuate the progression of RA through influencing the immune and pathological process. It suggests that IL-35 played an important role in the pathogenesis of RA, and can be used as a potential target for the future treatment of RA. This review summarizes the recent advances of IL-35 in the pathological roles and the therapeutic potential roles in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Lin Xin
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Li Fan Jie
- Department of Orthopedic, Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qian Cheng
- Research and Experimental Center of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Du Yi Bin
- Department of Orthopedic, Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Cheng Wen Dan
- Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Bringing the Heavy Chain to Light: Creating a Symmetric, Bivalent IgG-Like Bispecific. Antibodies (Basel) 2020; 9:antib9040062. [PMID: 33172091 PMCID: PMC7709125 DOI: 10.3390/antib9040062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Bispecific molecules are biologically significant, yet their complex structures pose important manufacturing and pharmacokinetic challenges. Nevertheless, owing to similarities with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), IgG-like bispecifics conceptually align well with conventional expression and manufacturing platforms and often exhibit potentially favorable drug metabolism and pharmacokinetic (DMPK) properties. However, IgG-like bispecifics do not possess target bivalency and current designs often require tedious engineering and purification to ensure appropriate chain pairing. Here, we present a near-native IgG antibody format, the 2xVH, which can create bivalency for each target or epitope and requires no engineering for cognate chain pairing. In this modality, two different variable heavy (VH) domains with distinct binding specificities are grafted onto the first constant heavy (CH1) and constant light (CL) domains, conferring the molecule with dual specificity. To determine the versatility of this format, we characterized the expression, binding, and stability of several previously identified soluble human VH domains. By grafting these domains onto an IgG scaffold, we generated several prototype 2xVH IgG and Fab molecules that display similar properties to mAbs. These molecules avoided the post-expression purification necessary for engineered bispecifics while maintaining a capacity for simultaneous dual binding. Hence, the 2xVH format represents a bivalent, bispecific design that addresses limitations of manufacturing IgG-like bispecifics while promoting biologically-relevant dual target engagement.
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Effect of Moxibustion on the Serum Levels of MMP-1, MMP-3, and VEGF in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:7150605. [PMID: 33014110 PMCID: PMC7519456 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7150605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease, which will eventually lead to joints deformity and functional damage. The aim of this research is to evaluate the effect of moxibustion on the serum indicators related to bone and cartilage metabolism, matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1), matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP-3), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in patients with RA and to explore the mechanism of moxibustion in the treatment of RA. Methods We recruited 70 RA patients who met the inclusion criteria, and they were randomly divided into two groups, a treatment group and a control group in equal ratio. The control group took methotrexate, folate, or leflunomide orally, while the treatment group received methotrexate, folate, or leflunomide orally and moxibustion at ST36 (Zusanli), BL23 (Shen shu), and Ashi points. We compared the clinical symptoms, RA serological disease markers and serum contents of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), MMP-1, MMP-3, and VEGF of RA patients before and after treatment. Results (1) The clinical symptoms and RA serological disease markers of the two groups improved after treatment (P < 0.05), while the clinical symptoms of the treatment group were significantly improved in comparison with the control group (P < 0.05). (2) The levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, and VEGF decreased in both groups after treatment (P < 0.05), but the treatment group was significantly decreased compared with the control group (P < 0.05). (3) There were significant differences in MMP-1 and MMP-3 contents after treatment in the treatment group (P < 0.05, P < 0.05), while there were no significant differences in the control group (P > 0.05, P > 0.05). Above all, the contents of IL-1β, TNF-α, MMP-1, MMP-3, and VEGF in the treatment group decreased more significantly than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion The improvement effect of moxibustion on the clinical symptoms of RA patients may be related to influence on the contents of IL-1β, TNF-α, MMP-1, MMP-3, and VEGF, and moxibustion may play a potential role in bone protection.
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George G, Shyni GL, Raghu KG. Current and novel therapeutic targets in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Inflammopharmacology 2020; 28:1457-1476. [PMID: 32948901 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-020-00757-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a multifactorial disease characterized by synovitis, cartilage destruction, bone erosion, and periarticular decalcification, finally results in impairment of joint function. Both genetic and environmental factors are risk factors in the development of RA. Unwanted side effects accompany most of the current treatment strategies, and around 20-40% of patients with RA do not clinically benefit from these treatments. The unmet need for new treatment options for RA has prompted research in the development of novel agents acting through physiologically and pharmacologically relevant targets. Here we discuss in detail three critical pathways, Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT), Th17, and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), and their roles as unique therapeutic targets in the field of RA. Some of the less developed but potential targets like nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain-like receptor containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genu George
- Biochemistry and Molecular Mechanism Laboratory, Agro-Processing and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, 695019, Kerala, India
| | - G L Shyni
- Biochemistry and Molecular Mechanism Laboratory, Agro-Processing and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, 695019, Kerala, India
| | - K G Raghu
- Biochemistry and Molecular Mechanism Laboratory, Agro-Processing and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, 695019, Kerala, India.
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Lee WS, Kato M, Sugawara E, Kono M, Kudo Y, Kono M, Fujieda Y, Bohgaki T, Amengual O, Oku K, Yasuda S, Onodera T, Iwasaki N, Atsumi T. Protective Role of Optineurin Against Joint Destruction in Rheumatoid Arthritis Synovial Fibroblasts. Arthritis Rheumatol 2020; 72:1493-1504. [DOI: 10.1002/art.41290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Shi Lee
- Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan, and Tokyo Medical and Dental University Tokyo Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Shinsuke Yasuda
- Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan, and Tokyo Medical and Dental University Tokyo Japan
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Hu J, Lu J, Zhang X, Wang C, Ren K, Chang Q, Ji M, Pan W, Ma B, Fan W. Peptidomic analysis on synovial tissue reveals galectin-1 derived peptide as a potential bioactive molecule against rheumatoid arthritis. Cytokine 2020; 131:155020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Alahdal M, Duan L, Ouyang H, Wang D. The role of indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase 1 in the osteoarthritis. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:2322-2343. [PMID: 32655775 PMCID: PMC7344072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disease and a leading cause of disability. It involves articular cartilage destruction and a whole joint inflammation. In spite of OA pathogenesis is still unclear, new studies on the OA pathophysiological aetiology and immunomodulation therapy continuously achieve significant advances with new concepts. Here, we focus on the indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase1 (IDO1) activity in the osteoarthritis (OA), which is one of the noticeable enzymes in the synovial fluid of arthritis patients. It was recognized as an essential mediator of autoreactive B and T cell responses in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and an interesting therapeutic target against RA. However, the role IDO1 plays in the OA pathogenesis hasn't been discussed. The new OA experimental analysis evidenced IDO1 overexpression in the synovial fluid of OA patients, and recent studies reported that IDO1 metabolites were found higher in the OA synovial fluid than RA and spondyloarthropathies (SpA) patients. Moreover, the positive relation of IDO1 metabolites with OA pain and joint stiffness has been confirmed. Thus, the IDO1 plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of OA. In this review, the role IDO1 plays in the OA pathogenesis has been deeply discussed. It could be a promising target in the immunotherapy of OA disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murad Alahdal
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shenzhen Laboratory of Digital Orthopedic Engineering, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital (The First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University, Health Science Center)Shenzhen 518035, P. R. China
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Intelligence and Digital Orthopedic TechnologyShenzhen 518035, P. R. China
| | - Li Duan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shenzhen Laboratory of Digital Orthopedic Engineering, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital (The First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University, Health Science Center)Shenzhen 518035, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Intelligence and Digital Orthopedic TechnologyShenzhen 518035, P. R. China
| | - Hongwei Ouyang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Daping Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shenzhen Laboratory of Digital Orthopedic Engineering, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital (The First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University, Health Science Center)Shenzhen 518035, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Intelligence and Digital Orthopedic TechnologyShenzhen 518035, P. R. China
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Nakagawa T, Ohta K, Uetsuki R, Kato H, Naruse T, Murodumi H, Yokoyama S, Sakuma M, Ono S, Takechi M. Zoledronate Inhibits Osteoclast Differentiation via Suppressing Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 2 Expression. Biochem Genet 2020; 58:473-489. [PMID: 32274606 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-020-09961-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) is a major oral complication; however, its pathogenesis remains unclear. Impairment of osteoclast differentiation by bisphosphonates may be associated with the pathogenesis of ONJ. In our previous study, we reported that the expression of the gene encoding nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 (NFATc1), a known osteoclast differentiation marker, was significantly silenced by zoledronate, a bisphosphonate, in mouse osteoclast precursor cells (mOCPCs) using cDNA microarray. In the present study, the expression value of the NFATc1 gene was regarded as a cut-off and genes whose expression value was significantly decreased compared with that of the NFATc1 gene were extracted in mOCPCs. For validation, CD11b-positive (CD11b+) cells were used, which were purified from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells as human OCPCs. A total of 19 genes were identified; sequential expression analysis revealed that the gene encoding vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) was frequently silenced by zoledronate in CD11b+ cells. Furthermore, the number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive multinucleated cells was decreased by VEGFR2 suppression using a VEGFR2 neutralizing antibody. Zoledronate inhibits human osteoclast differentiation via suppressing VEGFR2 expression. These results suggest that low expression of VEGFR2 in OCPCs may be involved in the pathogenesis of zoledronate-induced ONJ. The understanding of the role of VEGFR2 on bone remodeling is important to elucidate the pathogenesis of bisphosphonate-related ONJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Nakagawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan.
| | - Kouji Ohta
- Department of Public Oral Health, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Ryo Uetsuki
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kato
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Takako Naruse
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Murodumi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Syo Yokoyama
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Miyuki Sakuma
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Shigehiro Ono
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Masaaki Takechi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
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KDR (VEGFR2) Genetic Variants and Serum Levels in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9080355. [PMID: 31405022 PMCID: PMC6727087 DOI: 10.3390/biom9080355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated kinase insert domain-containing receptor (KDR) polymorphisms and protein levels in relation to susceptibility to and severity of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). 641 RA patients and 340 controls (HC) were examined for the rs1870377 KDR variant by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method and for rs2305948 and rs2071559 KDR single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) by TaqMan SNP genotyping assay. KDR serum levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The rs1870377 KDR variant has shown association with RA under the codominant (p = 0.02, OR = 1.76, 95% CI = 1.09–2.85) and recessive models (p = 0.019, OR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.07–2.20). KDR rs2305948 was associated with RA under the dominant model (p = 0.005, OR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.10–1.73). Under the codominant model, the frequency of the rs2071559 TC and GG genotypes were lower in RA patients than in controls (p < 0.001, OR = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.37–0.69, and p = 0.002, OR = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.39–0.81). KDR rs2071559 T and rs2305948 A alleles were associated with RA (p = 0.001, OR = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.45–0.81 and p = 0.008, OR = 1.71, CI = 1.15–2.54). KDR rs2305948SNP was associated with Disease Activity Score (DAS)-28 score (p < 0.001), Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score (p < 0.001), number of swollen joints (p < 0.001), mean value of CRP (p < 0.001). A higher KDR serum level was found in RA patients than in HC (8018 pg/mL versus 7381 pg/mL, p = 0.002). Present results shed light on the role of KDR genetic variants in the severity of RA.
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Dolcino M, Tinazzi E, Puccetti A, Lunardi C. Long Non-Coding RNAs Target Pathogenetically Relevant Genes and Pathways in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Cells 2019; 8:cells8080816. [PMID: 31382516 PMCID: PMC6721587 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease driven by genetic, environmental and epigenetic factors. Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) are a key component of the epigenetic mechanisms and are known to be involved in the development of autoimmune diseases. In this work we aimed to identify significantly differentially expressed LncRNAs (DE-LncRNAs) that are functionally connected to modulated genes strictly associated with RA. In total, 542,500 transcripts have been profiled in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from four patients with early onset RA prior any treatment and four healthy donors using Clariom D arrays. Results were confirmed by real-time PCR in 20 patients and 20 controls. Six DE-LncRNAs target experimentally validated miRNAs able to regulate differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in RA; among them, only FTX, HNRNPU-AS1 and RP11-498C9.15 targeted a large number of DEGs. Most importantly, RP11-498C9.15 targeted the largest number of signalling pathways that were found to be enriched by the global amount of RA-DEGs and that have already been associated with RA and RA-synoviocytes. Moreover, RP11-498C9.15 targeted the most highly connected genes in the RA interactome, thus suggesting its involvement in crucial gene regulation. These results indicate that, by modulating both microRNAs and gene expression, RP11-498C9.15 may play a pivotal role in RA pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Dolcino
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Elisa Tinazzi
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Antonio Puccetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine-Section of Histology, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Claudio Lunardi
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy.
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Kim HR, Kim KW, Kim BM, Lee KA, Lee SH. N-acetyl-l-cysteine controls osteoclastogenesis through regulating Th17 differentiation and RANKL production in rheumatoid arthritis. Korean J Intern Med 2019; 34:210-219. [PMID: 28286938 PMCID: PMC6325425 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2016.329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS This study aimed to determine the regulatory role of N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC), an antioxidant, in interleukin 17 (IL-17)-induced osteoclast differentiation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS After RA synovial fibroblasts were stimulated by IL-17, the expression and production of receptor activator of nuclear factor κ-B ligand (RANKL) was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Osteoclastogenesis was also determined after co-cultures of IL-17-stimulated RA synovial fibroblasts, Th17 cells and various concentrations of NAC with monocytes. After human peripheral CD4+ T cells were cultured with NAC under Th17 condition, IL-17, interferon γ, IL-4, Foxp3, RANKL, and IL-2 expression and production was determined by flow cytometry or ELISA. RESULTS When RA synovial fibroblasts were stimulated by IL-17, IL-17 stimulated the production of RANKL, and NAC reduced the IL-17-induced RANKL production in a dose-dependent manner. NAC decreased IL-17-activated phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and inhibitor of κB. When human peripheral blood CD14+ monocytes were cultured with macrophage colony-stimulating factor and IL-17 or RANKL, osteoclasts were differentiated, and NAC reduced the osteoclastogenesis. After human peripheral CD4+ T cells were co-cultured with IL-17-pretreated RA synovial fibroblasts or Th17 cells, NAC reduced their osteoclastogenesis. Under Th17 polarizing condition, NAC decreased Th17 cell differentiation and IL-17 and RANKL production. CONCLUSION NAC inhibits the IL-17-induced RANKL production in RA synovial fibroblasts and IL-17-induced osteoclast differentiation. NAC also reduced Th17 polarization. NAC could be a supplementary therapeutic option for inflammatory and bony destructive processes in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Rim Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Woon Kim
- Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bo-Mi Kim
- Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-Ann Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Heon Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Correspondence to Sang-Heon Lee, M.D. Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea Tel: +82-2-2030-7541 Fax: +82-2-2030-7748 E-mail:
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Catanzaro DP, Mena Laura EE, Cestari TM, Arantes RVN, Garlet GP, Taga R, Assis GF. Green tea prevents vascular disturbs and attenuates periodontal breakdown in long-term hyperglycaemia in T1D rats. J Clin Periodontol 2018; 45:557-569. [PMID: 29500839 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM The effects of green tea on the modulation of vascularization during the progression of spontaneous periodontitis in long-term hyperglycaemia in streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic (T1D) rats were evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Wistar rats normoglycaemic (NG) and T1D were divided into two control groups, which received water (NG-W and T1D-W) and two experimental groups that received green tea (NG-GT and T1D-GT). Periodontal structures were evaluated by microtomographic and histological analyses. Number of immunostained cells for VEGF (NcVEGF+/mm2 ) and CD31 (NcCD31+/mm2 ), as well microvessel density (MVD) in the periodontal ligament (PDL) were evaluated. RESULTS Long-term hyperglycaemia in T1D-W rats induced vascular alterations in PDL with a reduction of 36% in MVD, a decrease of 33% in NcCD31+/mm2 and an increase of 53% in NcVEGF+/mm2 . Concomitantly, a severe degree of periodontitis with higher reduction in bone volume and periodontal bone level was observed. In T1D-GT, green tea maintained the MVD, NcCD31+/mm2 and NcVEGF+/mm2 in the PDL similar to normoglycaemic groups. Clinically, in T1D-GT rats, green tea reduced dental plaque accumulation and the degree of periodontitis when compared to T1D-W. CONCLUSION Daily green tea consumption has a therapeutic effect on the diabetic vascular disorder in PDL and the progression of periodontitis in long-term hyperglycaemia in T1D rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Pereira Catanzaro
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ever Elias Mena Laura
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tania Mary Cestari
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Gustavo Pompermaier Garlet
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rumio Taga
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gerson Francisco Assis
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
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Paradowska-Gorycka A, Sowinska A, Pawlik A, Malinowski D, Stypinska B, Haladyj E, Romanowska-Prochnicka K, Olesinska M. FLT-1 gene polymorphisms and protein expression profile in rheumatoid arthritis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172018. [PMID: 28323906 PMCID: PMC5360214 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Inflammation and angiogenesis are a significant element of pathogenesis in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The FLT-1- triggering factor for production of proinflammatory cytokines-might contributes to inflammation in patients with RA. Association of the FLT-1 polymorphisms with different "angiogenic diseases" suggests that it may be a novel genetic risk factor also for RA. The aim of the study was to identify FLT-1 genetic variants and their possible association with sFLT-1 levels, susceptibility to and severity of RA. METHODS The FLT-1 gene polymorphisms were genotyped for 471 RA patients and 684 healthy individuals. Correlation analysis was performed with clinical parameters, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and anti-citrullinated peptide/protein antibody (ACPA) presence. The sFLT-1 serum levels were evaluated. RESULTS The FLT-1 gene polymorphisms showed no significant differences in the proportion of cases and controls. Furthermore, the FLT-1 rs2296188 T/C polymorphism was associated with ACPA-positive RA. Overall, rs9943922 T/C and rs2296283 G/A are in almost completed linkage disequilibrium (LD) with D' = 0.97 and r2 = 0.83. The FLT-1 rs7324510 A allele has shown association with VAS score (p = 0.035), DAS-28 score (p = 0.013) and ExRA presence (p = 0.027). Moreover, other clinical parameters were also higher in RA patients with this allele. In addition, FLT-1 genetic variants conferred higher sFLT-1 levels in RA patients compared to controls. CONCLUSION FLT-1 rs7324510 C/A variant may be a new genetic risk factor for severity of RA. Examined factor highly predispose to more severe disease activity as well as higher sFLT-1 levels in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Paradowska-Gorycka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Sowinska
- Department of Computer Science and Statistics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Andrzej Pawlik
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Damian Malinowski
- Department of Pharmacology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Barbara Stypinska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Haladyj
- Department of Connective Tissue Diseases, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Romanowska-Prochnicka
- Department of Connective Tissue Diseases, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Pathophysiology, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marzena Olesinska
- Department of Connective Tissue Diseases, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Warsaw, Poland
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Ganesan R, Rasool M. Fibroblast-like synoviocytes-dependent effector molecules as a critical mediator for rheumatoid arthritis: Current status and future directions. Int Rev Immunol 2017; 36:20-30. [PMID: 28102734 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2016.1269175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic-autoimmune-mediated disease characterized by synovial hyperplasia and progressive destruction of joint. Currently available biological agents and inhibitor therapy that specifically target tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-6, T cells, B cells, and subcellular molecules (p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and janus kinase) cannot facilitate complete remission in all patients and are unable to cure the disease. Therefore, further potent therapeutic targets need to be identified for effective treatment and successful clinical outcomes in patients with RA. Scientific breakthroughs have brought new insights regarding fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS), a major constituent of the synovial hyperplasia. These play a pivotal role in RA invading cartilage and bone tissue. Currently there are no effective therapies available that specifically target these aggressive cells. Recent evidences indicate that FLS-dependent effector molecules (toll-like receptors, nodal effector molecules, hypoxia-inducible factor, and IL-17) have emerged as important mediators of RA. In this review, we discuss the pathological features and recent advances in understanding the role of FLS-dependent effector molecules in the disease onset of RA. Pharmacological inhibition of FLS-dependent effector molecules might be a promising option for FLS-targeted therapy in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramamoorthi Ganesan
- a Immunopathology Lab, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University , Vellore , Tamilnadu , India
| | - Mahaboobkhan Rasool
- a Immunopathology Lab, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University , Vellore , Tamilnadu , India
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Kim TS, Patel SKS, Selvaraj C, Jung WS, Pan CH, Kang YC, Lee JK. A highly efficient sorbitol dehydrogenase from Gluconobacter oxydans G624 and improvement of its stability through immobilization. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33438. [PMID: 27633501 PMCID: PMC5025769 DOI: 10.1038/srep33438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
A sorbitol dehydrogenase (GoSLDH) from Gluconobacter oxydans G624 (G. oxydans G624) was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)-CodonPlus RIL. The complete 1455-bp codon-optimized gene was amplified, expressed, and thoroughly characterized for the first time. GoSLDH exhibited Km and kcat values of 38.9 mM and 3820 s−1 toward L-sorbitol, respectively. The enzyme exhibited high preference for NADP+ (vs. only 2.5% relative activity with NAD+). GoSLDH sequencing, structure analyses, and biochemical studies, suggested that it belongs to the NADP+-dependent polyol-specific long-chain sorbitol dehydrogenase family. GoSLDH is the first fully characterized SLDH to date, and it is distinguished from other L-sorbose-producing enzymes by its high activity and substrate specificity. Isothermal titration calorimetry showed that the protein binds more strongly to D-sorbitol than other L-sorbose-producing enzymes, and substrate docking analysis confirmed a higher turnover rate. The high oxidation potential of GoSLDH for D-sorbitol was confirmed by cyclovoltametric analysis. Further, stability of GoSLDH significantly improved (up to 13.6-fold) after cross-linking of immobilized enzyme on silica nanoparticles and retained 62.8% residual activity after 10 cycles of reuse. Therefore, immobilized GoSLDH may be useful for L-sorbose production from D-sorbitol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Su Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Sanjay K S Patel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | | | - Woo-Suk Jung
- Systems Biotechnology Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Ho Pan
- Systems Biotechnology Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Chan Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Kul Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
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Hamilton JL, Nagao M, Levine BR, Chen D, Olsen BR, Im HJ. Targeting VEGF and Its Receptors for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis and Associated Pain. J Bone Miner Res 2016; 31:911-24. [PMID: 27163679 PMCID: PMC4863467 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Increased vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels are associated with osteoarthritis (OA) progression. Indeed, VEGF appears to be involved in OA-specific pathologies including cartilage degeneration, osteophyte formation, subchondral bone cysts and sclerosis, synovitis, and pain. Moreover, a wide range of studies suggest that inhibition of VEGF signaling reduces OA progression. This review highlights both the potential significance of VEGF in OA pathology and pain, as well as potential benefits of inhibition of VEGF and its receptors as an OA treatment. With the emergence of the clinical use of anti-VEGF therapy outside of OA, both as high-dose systemic treatments and low-dose local treatments, these particular therapies are now more widely understood. Currently, there is no established disease-modifying drug available for patients with OA, which warrants continued study of the inhibition of VEGF signaling in OA, as stand-alone or adjuvant therapy. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- John L. Hamilton
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Masashi Nagao
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Brett R. Levine
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Di Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Bjorn R. Olsen
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Hee-Jeong Im
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Internal Medicine Section of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Parallel Aspects of the Microenvironment in Cancer and Autoimmune Disease. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:4375120. [PMID: 26997761 PMCID: PMC4779817 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4375120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer and autoimmune diseases are fundamentally different pathological conditions. In cancer, the immune response is suppressed and unable to eradicate the transformed self-cells, while in autoimmune diseases it is hyperactivated against a self-antigen, leading to tissue injury. Yet, mechanistically, similarities in the triggering of the immune responses can be observed. In this review, we highlight some parallel aspects of the microenvironment in cancer and autoimmune diseases, especially hypoxia, and the role of macrophages, neutrophils, and their interaction. Macrophages, owing to their plastic mode of activation, can generate a pro- or antitumoral microenvironment. Similarly, in autoimmune diseases, macrophages tip the Th1/Th2 balance via various effector cytokines. The contribution of neutrophils, an additional plastic innate immune cell population, to the microenvironment and disease progression is recently gaining more prominence in both cancer and autoimmune diseases, as they can secrete cytokines, chemokines, and reactive oxygen species (ROS), as well as acquire an enhanced ability to produce neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) that are now considered important initiators of autoimmune diseases. Understanding the contribution of macrophages and neutrophils to the cancerous or autoimmune microenvironment, as well as the role their interaction and cooperation play, may help identify new targets and improve therapeutic strategies.
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Tsumori N, Kono T, Shigematsu N, Morita H, Umeda M. VEGF Expression in Diabetic Rats Promotes Alveolar Bone Resorption by Porphyromonas gingivalis LPS. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2016. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.25.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Norimasa Tsumori
- Graduate School of Dentistry (Periodontology), Osaka Dental University
| | - Tomoo Kono
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka Dental University
| | | | | | - Makoto Umeda
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka Dental University
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Serum Markers in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Longitudinal Study of Patients Undergoing Infliximab Treatment. Int J Rheumatol 2015; 2015:276815. [PMID: 26788062 PMCID: PMC4695666 DOI: 10.1155/2015/276815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical effect and serum markers in a cohort of rheumatoid arthritis patients with moderate to high disease activity, participating in an open clinical phase IV study conducted in Norway between 2001 and 2003 receiving infliximab treatment. Method. A total of 39 patients were studied, with a mean age of 54 years and 12-year disease duration. The analyses were performed using serum from patients at four assessment time points: baseline and 3, 6, and 12 months after starting treatment with infliximab. A wide variety of clinical data was collected and disease activity of 28 joints and Simple Disease Activity Index were calculated. The joint erosion was determined by X-ray imaging and the Sharp/van der Heijde score was determined. Serum analysis included multiplex immunoassays for 12 cytokines, 5 matrix metalloproteases, and 2 VEGFs. Results. The majority of the RA patients in this study had initially moderate to high disease activity and the infliximab treatment reduced the disease activity significantly and also reduced any further joint destruction and improved disease status. Most of the serum levels of cytokines and metalloproteases remained unchanged during the course of the study, and we were unable to detect changes in TNF-α in serum. Serum levels of IL-6 and VEGF-A decreased significantly after initiation of infliximab treatment. Conclusion. The serum levels of IL-6 and VEGF-A may be promising disease markers as they vary with disease progression. The clinical significance of these findings is yet to be determined and has to be confirmed in future clinical trials before being applied in the clinics.
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