1
|
Santoso D, Asfia SK, Mello MB, Baggaley RC, Johnson CC, Chow EP, Fairley CK, Ong JJ. HIV prevalence ratio of international migrants compared to their native-born counterparts: A systematic review and meta-analysis. EClinicalMedicine 2022; 53:101661. [PMID: 36147629 PMCID: PMC9486043 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND People on the move, including international migrants, may face health inequities that expose them to a higher risk for HIV than native-born populations. We conducted a systematic review to calculate the HIV prevalence ratio of international migrants compared with native-born populations. METHODS We searched five databases between January 2010 and March 2022. Using random-effects meta-analysis, we calculated the pooled HIV prevalence ratios (PR) by comparing the HIV prevalence of migrants with native-born populations. Our research protocol is registered in the International prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO, CRD42021250867). FINDINGS In total, 5,121 studies were screened, and 38 were included in the final analysis: 7,121,699 migrants and more than 270 million natives were included in the analysis. The pooled PR for any foreign-born migrants was 1·70 (95% CI 1·11 - 2·61, I2 =99·67%, n = 33 studies), refugees was 2·37 (95% CI 0·33-16·99, I2 =99·5%, n = 5), undocumented people was 3·98 (95% CI 0·11-143·01, I2 =94·6%, n = 3), whilst asylum seekers was 54·79 (95% CI 17·23-174·23, I2 =90·2%, n = 2). Meta-regression revealed that population type (adjusted R-squared 11.5%), region of origin (11.3%) and migrant type (10.8%) accounted for heterogeneity more than country-income (2.4%) and study setting (2.3%). INTERPRETATION Although it was not possible to assess if HIV infection occurred in the country of origin or destination, the HIV prevalence ratio was higher among migrants than in native-born populations. Inclusive health policies and strategies for delivering HIV testing, prevention and treatment services for migrant populations tailored to their needs are urgently needed. FUNDING J.J.O. and E.P.F.C. are supported by the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Emerging Leader Fellowship (GNT1193955 and GNT1172873, respectively).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Devy Santoso
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Maeve B. Mello
- Global HIV, Hepatitis and STI Programmes, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Rachel C. Baggaley
- Global HIV, Hepatitis and STI Programmes, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Cheryl C. Johnson
- Global HIV, Hepatitis and STI Programmes, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Eric P.F. Chow
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Carlton, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher K. Fairley
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Carlton, Australia
| | - Jason J. Ong
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Carlton, Australia
- Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- Corresponding author at: 580 Swanston Street, Carlton, Victoria 3053, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Palmer S, Dijkstra M, Ket JCF, Wahome EW, Walimbwa J, Gichuru E, van der Elst EM, Schim van der Loeff MF, de Bree GJ, Sanders EJ. Acute and early HIV infection screening among men who have sex with men, a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Int AIDS Soc 2020; 23 Suppl 6:e25590. [PMID: 33000916 PMCID: PMC7527764 DOI: 10.1002/jia2.25590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Screening for acute and early HIV infections (AEHI) among men who have sex with men (MSM) remains uncommon in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Yet, undiagnosed AEHI among MSM and subsequent failure to link to care are important drivers of the HIV epidemic. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of AEHI yield among MSM mobilized for AEHI testing; and assessed which risk factors and/or symptoms could increase AEHI yield in MSM. METHODS We systematically searched four databases from their inception through May 2020 for studies reporting strategies of mobilizing MSM for testing and their AEHI yield, or risk and/or symptom scores targeting AEHI screening. AEHI yield was defined as the proportion of AEHI cases among the total number of visits. Study estimates for AEHI yield were pooled using random effects models. Predictive ability of risk and/or symptom scores was expressed as the area under the receiver operator curve (AUC). RESULTS Twenty-two studies were identified and included a variety of mobilization strategies (eight studies) and risk and/or symptom scores (fourteen studies). The overall pooled AEHI yield was 6.3% (95% CI, 2.1 to 12.4; I2 = 94.9%; five studies); yield varied between studies using targeted strategies (11.1%; 95% CI, 5.9 to 17.6; I2 = 83.8%; three studies) versus universal testing (1.6%; 95% CI, 0.8 to 2.4; two studies). The AUC of risk and/or symptom scores ranged from 0.69 to 0.89 in development study samples, and from 0.51 to 0.88 in validation study samples. AUC was the highest for scores including symptoms, such as diarrhoea, fever and fatigue. Key risk score variables were age, number of sexual partners, condomless receptive anal intercourse, sexual intercourse with a person living with HIV, a sexually transmitted infection, and illicit drug use. No studies were identified that assessed AEHI yield among MSM in SSA and risk and/or symptom scores developed among MSM in SSA lacked validation. CONCLUSIONS Strategies mobilizing MSM for targeted AEHI testing resulted in substantially higher AEHI yields than universal AEHI testing. Targeted AEHI testing may be optimized using risk and/or symptom scores, especially if scores include symptoms. Studies assessing AEHI yield and validation of risk and/or symptom scores among MSM in SSA are urgently needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaun Palmer
- Centre for Geographic Medicine Research – CoastKenya Medical Research InstituteKilifiKenya
- International AIDS Vaccine InitiativeAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Maartje Dijkstra
- Department of Infectious DiseasesPublic Health Service AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands
- Department of Internal MedicineDivision of Infectious Diseases, and Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity (AI&II)Amsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Johannes CF Ket
- Medical LibraryVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Elizabeth W Wahome
- Centre for Geographic Medicine Research – CoastKenya Medical Research InstituteKilifiKenya
| | | | - Evanson Gichuru
- Centre for Geographic Medicine Research – CoastKenya Medical Research InstituteKilifiKenya
| | - Elise M van der Elst
- Centre for Geographic Medicine Research – CoastKenya Medical Research InstituteKilifiKenya
| | - Maarten F Schim van der Loeff
- Department of Infectious DiseasesPublic Health Service AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands
- Department of Internal MedicineDivision of Infectious Diseases, and Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity (AI&II)Amsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Godelieve J de Bree
- Department of Internal MedicineDivision of Infectious Diseases, and Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity (AI&II)Amsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Eduard J Sanders
- Centre for Geographic Medicine Research – CoastKenya Medical Research InstituteKilifiKenya
- Department of Global Health, and Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and DevelopmentAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands
- Nuffield Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordHeadingtonUnited Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang Y, Jia M, Yuan D, Liang A, Zhang Z, Jiang X, Chen Y, Zhu H, Luo M, Wang Z, Cai Y. Assessing consistent condom use among migrant men who have sex with men in Shanghai, China: validation of an information-motivation-behavioural skills model. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:462. [PMID: 31122201 PMCID: PMC6533705 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-4090-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In China, high prevalence of risky sexual behaviours and inequity in health services lead to situations in which migrant men who have sex with men face higher risk of contracting the human immunodeficiency virus. Consistent condom use is a primary means of preventing HIV infection during anal sex among MSM. This study aimed to apply the information-motivation-behavioural skills model to examine the predictors of consistent condom use among migrant MSM in Shanghai, and tested the associations between model constructs. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among 412 migrant MSM in Shanghai. Data on HIV-related information, motivation, behavioural skills, and behaviours were collected via structured questionnaires. A structural equation model was used to assess the IMB model. RESULTS Of the 412 participants, 4.4% reported HIV-positive status, and prevalence of consistent condom use in the previous 6 months was 44.9%. A restricted IMB model provided an acceptable fit to the data. Behavioural skills were found to directly predict consistent condom use (β = 0.629, P < 0.01). Neither information nor motivation could directly predict consistent condom use (P > 0.05), but motivation predicted it indirectly and was mediated by behavioural skills. CONCLUSION The prevalence of consistent condom use was found to be relatively low among migrant MSM in Shanghai. The restricted IMB model was found to be a good predictor of consistent condom use among them. The results of this study indicate that intervention strategies for safer sexual behaviour should not only include information dissemination, but also emphasize motivation and behavioural skills among this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- School of Public Health, affiliated with the School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.227, South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025 PR China
| | - Mengmeng Jia
- National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021 China
| | - Dong Yuan
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200336 China
| | - Ajuan Liang
- Renji Hospital, affiliated with the School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127 China
| | - Zhiruo Zhang
- School of Public Health, affiliated with the School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.227, South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025 PR China
| | - Xueqin Jiang
- School of Public Health, affiliated with the School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.227, South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025 PR China
| | - Yi Chen
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200336 China
| | - Huiyao Zhu
- Changning District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200051 China
| | - Mengyun Luo
- School of Public Health, affiliated with the School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.227, South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025 PR China
| | - Zezhou Wang
- School of Public Health, affiliated with the School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.227, South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025 PR China
| | - Yong Cai
- School of Public Health, affiliated with the School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.227, South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025 PR China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yu M, Xu J, Jiang G, Li Z, Song W, Gong H, Ning T, Zheng M, Li L, Gao Y, Yang J, Fleming PJ, King EJ. Correlates of HIV-infection among men who have sex with men: results from a community-based, cross-sectional study in Tianjin, China. AIDS Care 2019; 31:1574-1579. [PMID: 31046418 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2019.1612004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
China has 747,000 confirmed HIV/AIDS cases and sexual transmission between men who have sex with men (MSM) is the most prevalent mode of transmission. Our study aims to (a) examine HIV prevalence and behavioral risk factors for HIV infection among 1900 MSM recruited from a community-based organization in Tianjin, China, and (b) describe HIV treatment outcomes for those diagnosed with HIV. We used multivariable logistic regression to identify which socio-demographics and behaviors were associated with HIV infection. The overall HIV prevalence was 3.95%. Key behavioral risk factors included: receptive sex role, older age at first sex with man, condomless anal sex, and having used 2+ drugs. Of those living with HIV, 83% were successfully enrolled in antiretroviral therapy and those enrolled were all virally suppressed after one year. These findings highlight key behavioral risk factors for HIV infection in Tianjin, China and can inform interventions to preventing further HIV transmission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maohe Yu
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Tianjin , People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Xu
- National Center for AIDS/STD control and prevention, China CDC , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Guohong Jiang
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Tianjin , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijun Li
- GAP program office of U.S CDC , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Weilu Song
- National Center for AIDS/STD control and prevention, China CDC , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Gong
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Tianjin , People's Republic of China
| | - Tielin Ning
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Tianjin , People's Republic of China
| | - Minna Zheng
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Tianjin , People's Republic of China
| | - Long Li
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Tianjin , People's Republic of China
| | - Yongjun Gao
- Tianjin HongQiao district Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Tianjin , People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Yang
- Tianjin ShenLan Public Health Counseling Service Center , Tianjin , People's Republic of China
| | - Paul J Fleming
- Department of Health Behavior & Health Education, University of Michigan, School of Public Health , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
| | - Elizabeth J King
- Department of Health Behavior & Health Education, University of Michigan, School of Public Health , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fu R, Zhao J, Wu D, Zhang X, Tucker JD, Zhang M, Tang W. A spatiotemporal meta-analysis of HIV/syphilis epidemic among men who have sex with men living in mainland China. BMC Infect Dis 2018; 18:652. [PMID: 30541463 PMCID: PMC6292157 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-018-3532-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Geographic differences in HIV, syphilis and condomless sex among men who have sex with men in China remained unknown. We aimed to elucidate these spatiotemporal changing patterns in China. Methods We conducted a spatiotemporal meta-analysis. We searched four databases for studies conducted between 2001 and 2015. We included studies that reported original data of HIV/syphilis prevalence in China, the study’s area/province, and period of data collection. We grouped studies into six regions and four time periods. We examined the changing patterns of national and regional prevalence of HIV, syphilis and condomless sex. Results Search results yielded 2119 papers, and 272 were included in the meta-analysis. The sample sizes of the studies ranged from 19 to 47,231. National HIV prevalence increased from 3.8% (95% CI 3.0–4.8) in 2001–07 to 6.6% (5.6–7.7) in 2013–15. In most regions, the rise occurred before 2010 and the HIV prevalence remained relatively stable afterwards, except for the Northwest which showed a considerable increase since 2008. National syphilis prevalence decreased from 12.3% (10.2–14.9) in 2001–07 to 7.1% (5.6–8.9) in 2013–15. Conclusions The trends of HIV and syphilis infections have been effectively curbed in MSM in most regions of China. Continuous efforts, particularly promotion of condom use, are needed to further reduce these infections. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12879-018-3532-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Fu
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510095, Guangdong, China.,University of North Carolina Project-China, Guangzhou, China.,SESH (Social Entrepreneurship to Spur Health) study group, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinkou Zhao
- Technical Advice and Partnership Department, The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dan Wu
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510095, Guangdong, China.,University of North Carolina Project-China, Guangzhou, China.,SESH (Social Entrepreneurship to Spur Health) study group, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiayan Zhang
- Shijingshan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Joseph D Tucker
- University of North Carolina Project-China, Guangzhou, China.,SESH (Social Entrepreneurship to Spur Health) study group, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meiwen Zhang
- Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, CA, USA
| | - Weiming Tang
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510095, Guangdong, China. .,University of North Carolina Project-China, Guangzhou, China. .,SESH (Social Entrepreneurship to Spur Health) study group, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wu X, Guo J, Niu M, An M, Liu L, Wang H, Jin X, Zhang Q, Lam KS, Wu T, Wang H, Wang Q, Du Y, Li J, Cheng L, Tang HY, Shang H, Zhang L, Zhou P, Chen Z. Tandem bispecific neutralizing antibody eliminates HIV-1 infection in humanized mice. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:2239-2251. [PMID: 29461979 DOI: 10.1172/jci96764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of an HIV-1 cure remains a medical challenge because the virus rebounds quickly after the cessation of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Here, we investigate the potential of an engineered tandem bispecific broadly neutralizing antibody (bs-bnAb) as an innovative product for HIV-1 prophylactic and therapeutic interventions. We discovered that by preserving 2 single-chain variable fragment (scFv) binding domains of each parental bnAb, a single gene-encoded tandem bs-bnAb, BiIA-SG, displayed substantially improved breadth and potency. BiIA-SG neutralized all 124 HIV-1-pseudotyped viruses tested, including global subtypes/recombinant forms, transmitted/founder viruses, variants not susceptible to parental bnAbs and to many other bnAbs with an average IC50 value of 0.073 μg/ml (range < 0.001-1.03 μg/ml). In humanized mice, an injection of BiIA-SG conferred sterile protection when administered prior to challenges with diverse live HIV-1 stains. Moreover, whereas BiIA-SG delayed viral rebound in a short-term therapeutic setting when combined with cART, a single injection of adeno-associated virus-transferred (AAV-transferred) BiIA-SG gene resulted dose-dependently in prolonged in vivo expression of BiIA-SG, which was associated with complete viremia control and subsequent elimination of infected cells in humanized mice. These results warrant the clinical development of BiIA-SG as a promising bs-bnAb-based biomedical intervention for the prevention and treatment of HIV-1 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xilin Wu
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China.,The University of Hong Kong AIDS Institute Shenzhen Research Laboratory, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Guo
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyue Niu
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China.,The University of Hong Kong AIDS Institute Shenzhen Research Laboratory, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Minghui An
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Liu
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China.,The University of Hong Kong AIDS Institute Shenzhen Research Laboratory, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Wang
- The University of Hong Kong AIDS Institute Shenzhen Research Laboratory, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Jin
- Unit of Antiviral Immunity and Genetic Therapy, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Comprehensive AIDS Research Center and Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ka Shing Lam
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Tongjin Wu
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Wang
- Comprehensive AIDS Research Center and Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Wang
- Comprehensive AIDS Research Center and Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhua Du
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Li
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Cheng
- The University of Hong Kong AIDS Institute Shenzhen Research Laboratory, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hang Ying Tang
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Shang
- Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Linqi Zhang
- Comprehensive AIDS Research Center and Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Paul Zhou
- Unit of Antiviral Immunity and Genetic Therapy, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China.,The University of Hong Kong AIDS Institute Shenzhen Research Laboratory, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|