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de Carvalho A, Giambiagi-deMarval M, Rossi CC. Mammaliicoccus sciuri's Pan-Immune System and the Dynamics of Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Staphylococcaceae: a One-Health CRISPR Tale. J Microbiol 2024:10.1007/s12275-024-00156-7. [PMID: 39037483 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-024-00156-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Recently emancipated from the Staphylococcus genus due to genomic differences, Mammaliicoccus sciuri, previously classified as an occasional pathogen, emerges as a significant player in the landscape of resistance gene dissemination among Staphylococcaceae. Despite its classification, its role remained enigmatic. In this study, we delved into the genomic repertoire of M. sciuri to unravel its contribution to resistance and virulence gene transfer in the context of One Health. Through comprehensive analysis of publicly available genomes, we unveiled a diverse pan-immune system adept at defending against exogenous genetic elements, yet concurrently fostering horizontal gene transfer (HGT). Specifically, exploration of CRISPR-Cas systems, with spacer sequences as molecular signatures, elucidated a global dissemination pattern spanning environmental, animal, and human hosts. Notably, we identified the integration of CRISPR-Cas systems within SCCmecs (Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec), harboring key genes associated with pathogenicity and resistance, especially the methicillin resistance gene mecA, suggesting a strategic adaptation to outcompete other mobile genetic elements. Our findings underscored M. sciuri's active engagement in HGT dynamics and evolutionary trajectories within Staphylococcaceae, emphasizing its central role in shaping microbial communities and highlighting the significance of understanding its implications in the One Health framework, an interdisciplinary approach that recognizes the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health to address global health challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan de Carvalho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Vicosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-000, Brazil
| | - Marcia Giambiagi-deMarval
- Paulo de Góes Microbiology Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Ciro César Rossi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Vicosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-000, Brazil.
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Ma Y, He F, Ouyang F. Analysis of Risk Factors for Pneumonia Death in ICU Environment Based on Logistic Regression. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 2022:4865776. [PMID: 36213037 PMCID: PMC9534704 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4865776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Objective To explore the risk and protect factors for death of pneumonia patients in intensive care unit (ICU), we conducted this logistic regression research. Methods We collected demographic and nursing care data for 80 patients form Wuhan fourth hospital, in which 40 patients were dead and the other 40 patients were alive. Difference analysis, Pearson's correlation matrix, and logistic regression were conducted to explore the risk and protective factors for living status of pneumonia patients in ICU. Results A total of 40 individuals were dead from pneumonia in ICU. The demographic and nursing information had no difference between death and living groups except age. After that, correlation analysis showed that there were correlations between living status, age, and marriage. Logistic regression showed that age (odds ratio (OR) = 0.94, P < 0.05) and no education (OR = 0.21, P < 0.05) may be harmful for pneumonia patients living status while high-quality nursing (OR = 2.72, P < 0.05) may be helpful for pneumonia patients living status. Conclusion High-quality care plays an important role in protecting the survival of patients with pneumonia, and old age and uneducated may be the risk factors for the death of patients with pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fang He
- Wuhan Fifth Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fei Ouyang
- Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Antibiotic Resistance and Pathogenomics of Staphylococci Circulating in Novosibirsk, Russia. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9122487. [PMID: 34946089 PMCID: PMC8706439 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9122487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 394 strains of staphylococci found in humans and pets in Novosibirsk, Siberian Russia, were characterized in terms of antibiotic resistance and corresponding genes. Two coagulase-positive and 17 coagulase-negative species were identified. The majority of isolates, with the exception of S. haemolyticus and hospital S. epidermidis isolates, were sensitive to most of the tested antibiotics, and isolates from pets displayed the lowest level of resistance. Nevertheless, methicillin-resistant (MRS) and/or multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates were found in all prevailed species, including coagulase-negative. A set of genes corresponding to the detected resistance was identified: mecA (beta-lactam resistance), aac(6')-Ie-aph(2″)-Ia, aph(3')-IIIa, ant(4')-Ia (aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes), ermA/ermC, and msrA (macrolide resistance). Complete genome analysis for ten MDR S. epidermidis and five MDR S. haemolyticus isolates revealed additional antibiotic resistance genes mphC, qacA/qacB, norA, dfrC/dfrG, lnuA, BseSR, and fosB. NorA, dfrC, and fosB were present in all S. epidermidis genomes, whereas mphC and msrA were identified in all S. haemolyticus ones. All investigated MDR S. epidermidis and four of five S. haemolyticus strains were moderate or strong biofilm producers, whereas multiple genes responsible for this function and for virulence and pathogenicity were identified mostly in S. epidermidis, but were less frequently represented in S. haemolyticus.
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Staphylococcus epidermidis Phages Transduce Antimicrobial Resistance Plasmids and Mobilize Chromosomal Islands. mSphere 2021; 6:6/3/e00223-21. [PMID: 33980677 PMCID: PMC8125051 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00223-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant strains of S. epidermidis emerge in both nosocomial and livestock environments as the most important pathogens among coagulase-negative staphylococcal species. The study of transduction by phages is essential to understanding how virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes spread in originally commensal bacterial populations. Staphylococcus epidermidis is a leading opportunistic pathogen causing nosocomial infections that is notable for its ability to form a biofilm and for its high rates of antibiotic resistance. It serves as a reservoir of multiple antimicrobial resistance genes that spread among the staphylococcal population by horizontal gene transfer such as transduction. While phage-mediated transduction is well studied in Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis transducing phages have not been described in detail yet. Here, we report the characteristics of four phages, 27, 48, 456, and 459, previously used for S. epidermidis phage typing, and the newly isolated phage E72, from a clinical S. epidermidis strain. The phages, classified in the family Siphoviridae and genus Phietavirus, exhibited an S. epidermidis-specific host range, and together they infected 49% of the 35 strains tested. A whole-genome comparison revealed evolutionary relatedness to transducing S. aureus phietaviruses. In accordance with this, all the tested phages were capable of transduction with high frequencies up to 10−4 among S. epidermidis strains from different clonal complexes. Plasmids with sizes from 4 to 19 kb encoding resistance to streptomycin, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol were transferred. We provide here the first evidence of a phage-inducible chromosomal island transfer in S. epidermidis. Similarly to S. aureus pathogenicity islands, the transfer was accompanied by phage capsid remodeling; however, the interfering protein encoded by the island was distinct. Our findings underline the role of S. epidermidis temperate phages in the evolution of S. epidermidis strains by horizontal gene transfer, which can also be utilized for S. epidermidis genetic studies. IMPORTANCE Multidrug-resistant strains of S. epidermidis emerge in both nosocomial and livestock environments as the most important pathogens among coagulase-negative staphylococcal species. The study of transduction by phages is essential to understanding how virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes spread in originally commensal bacterial populations. In this work, we provide a detailed description of transducing S. epidermidis phages. The high transduction frequencies of antimicrobial resistance plasmids and the first evidence of chromosomal island transfer emphasize the decisive role of S. epidermidis phages in attaining a higher pathogenic potential of host strains. To date, such importance has been attributed only to S. aureus phages, not to those of coagulase-negative staphylococci. This study also proved that the described transducing bacteriophages represent valuable genetic modification tools in S. epidermidis strains where other methods for gene transfer fail.
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Relationship between death and admission of pediatric patients to intensive care due to Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia acquired in the community, 2014-2017. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 41:145-152. [PMID: 33761197 PMCID: PMC8055594 DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.5275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Introducción La bacteriemia por Staphylococcus aureus adquirida en la comunidad (SA-AC) es una condición frecuente en pediatría que, además, constituye un problema de salud pública por las altas tasas de morbimortalidad y de resistencia bacteriana. Objetivos Analizar los factores relacionados con la muerte y el ingreso a cuidados intensivos de pacientes menores de 18 años con bacteriemia por SA-AC que ingresaron al Hospital Infantil Los Ángeles de Pasto, Colombia, entre el 2014 y el 2017. Materiales y métodos Se hizo un estudio observacional descriptivo y transversal. Se analizaron 86 pacientes con bacteriemia por SA-AC que cumplían los criterios de inclusión en el estudio utilizando un modelo multivariado de regresión logística. Resultados El 25,6% de los 86 pacientes falleció y el 40,7% ingresó a la unidad de cuidados intensivos. La resistencia a la meticilina fue de 52,3%. Los focos principales de infección fueron los tejidos blandos, el sistema osteoarticular y el respiratorio. El 32,6% de los pacientes provenía de la zona del Pacífico de Nariño. Las etnias predominantes fueron la mestiza y la indígena. Entre los indígenas hubo mayor mortalidad que entre mestizos y afrocolombianos. En el análisis multivariado de la variable de muerte, se registró significación de la endocarditis (odds ratio, OR ajustado=20; IC95%1,5-254; p=0,02); no se registró significación estadística en cuanto al ingreso en la unidad de cuidados intensivos. Conclusiones La bacteriemia por SA-AC determinó altas tasas de mortalidad e ingreso a la unidad de cuidados intensivos. Las cepas resistentes representaron el 52,3%, y la resistencia a la meticilina desembocó en una mayor mortalidad, aunque la mortalidad con cepas sensibles también fue considerable. La endocarditis fue responsable de una mortalidad bastante elevada. Se debe ajustar el tratamiento empírico cuando se sospeche bacteriemia por SA-AC.
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Boswihi SS, Udo EE, AlFouzan W. Antibiotic resistance and typing of the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clones in Kuwait hospitals, 2016-2017. BMC Microbiol 2020; 20:314. [PMID: 33076838 PMCID: PMC7574199 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-02009-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) belong to diverse genetic backgrounds that differ in antibiotic resistance. Knowledge of the local clonal composition of MRSA strains is important for patients’ management and for designing effective control and eradication methods. The aim of this study was to compare the antibiotic resistance patterns and genotypic characteristics of MRSA isolates obtained in public hospitals in Kuwait in 2016 and 2017 for changes in their resistance patterns and clonal composition. Methods A total of 4726 MRSA isolates obtained in 2016–2017 from clinical specimens in Kuwait public hospitals were characterized using antibiogram, SCCmec typing, spa typing and DNA microarray. Results The isolates expressed resistance to fusidic acid (52.9%), kanamycin (41.6%), gentamicin (32.5%) and erythromycin (36.2%). The prevalence of high-level mupirocin resistance decreased from 3.7% in 2016 to 2.4% in 2017, while the proportion of resistance to other antibiotics remained relatively stable. A total of 382 spa types were detected with eight spa types, t688 (N = 547), t304 (N = 428), t860 (N = 394), t127 (N = 306), t044 (N = 230), t311 (N = 243), t223 (N = 184) and t002 (N = 181) constituting 53.1% of the MRSA isolates in 2016–2017. Of the 3004 MRSA isolates obtained in 2016 (N = 1327) and 2017 (N = 1677) selected for DNA microarray analysis, 26 clonal complexes (CCs) were identified. Most of the isolates belonged to CC1 (N = 248), CC5 (N = 833), CC6 (N = 241), CC8 (N = 292), CC22 (N = 421), CC30 (N = 177), CC80 (N = 177) and CC97 (N = 171). The prevalence of CC5 isolates has significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased from 294 isolates in 2016 to 539 isolates in 2017. Although CC22 increased from 196 isolates in 2016 to 225 isolates in 2017, CC1 increased from 112 isolates in 2016 to 136 isolates in 2017, CC6 increased from 103 isolates in 2016 to 138 isolates in 2017, these changes were not significant (p ≥ 0.05). Conclusion These results revealed the diversity in the genetic backgrounds of MRSA isolates and the stable maintenance of the dominant MRSA clones in Kuwait hospitals in 2016 and 2017 suggesting an on-going transmission of these clones. Novel and creative infection prevention and control measures are required to curtail further transmission. Supplementary information Supplementary information accompanies this paper at 10.1186/s12866-020-02009-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar S Boswihi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Edet E Udo
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait.
| | - Wadha AlFouzan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
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Fuzi M, Rodriguez Baño J, Toth A. Global Evolution of Pathogenic Bacteria With Extensive Use of Fluoroquinolone Agents. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:271. [PMID: 32158437 PMCID: PMC7052298 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well-established that the spread of many multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria is predominantly clonal. Interestingly the international clones/sequence types (STs) of most pathogens emerged and disseminated during the last three decades. Strong experimental evidence from multiple laboratories indicate that diverse fitness cost associated with high-level resistance to fluoroquinolones contributed to the selection and promotion of the international clones/STs of hospital-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (HA-MRSA), extended-spectrum β-lactamase-(ESBL)-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae, ESBL-producing Escherichia coli and Clostridioides difficile. The overwhelming part of the literature investigating the epidemiology of the pathogens as a function of fluoroquinolone use remain in concordence with these findings. Moreover, recent in vitro data clearly show the potential of fluoroquinolone exposure to shape the clonal evolution of Salmonella Enteritidis. The success of the international clones/STs in all these species was linked to the strains' unique ability to evolve multiple energetically beneficial gyrase and topoisomerase IV mutations conferring high-level resistance to fluorquinolones and concomittantly permitting the acquisition of an extra resistance gene load without evoking appreciable fitness cost. Furthermore, by analyzing the clonality of multiple species, the review highlights, that in environments under high antibiotic exposure virulence factors play only a subsidiary role in the clonal dynamics of bacteria relative to multidrug-resistance coupled with favorable fitness (greater speed of replication). Though other groups of antibiotics should also be involved in selecting clones of bacterial pathogens the role of fluoroquinolones due to their peculiar fitness effect remains unique. It is suggested that probably no bacteria remain immune to the influence of fluoroquinolones in shaping their evolutionary dynamics. Consequently a more judicious use of fluoroquinolones, attuned to the proportion of international clone/ST isolates among local pathogens, would not only decrease resistance rates against this group of antibiotics but should also ameliorate the overall antibiotic resistance landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miklos Fuzi
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Jesus Rodriguez Baño
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Clinical Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, University of Seville - Biomedicine Institute of Seville (IBiS), Seville, Spain
| | - Akos Toth
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Parasitology, National Public Health Center, Budapest, Hungary
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8
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Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus in Community Settings: Spread of Drug Resistance and Uncontrollable Infections. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/medu-2019-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogen. The evolution of MRSA is dynamic posing an ongoing threat to humans. The evolution of MRSA includes horizontal gene transfer, which is mediated by mobile genetic elements, plasmids, and bacteriophages, and also mutations. In this review, we clarify the recent trends in MRSA from the perspectives of drug-resistance transfer and uncontrollable infections, particularly those occurring in community settings. We first address the role of MRSA as a disseminator of multidrug resistance. We have studied the cell-to-cell transfer of drug resistance, in which transfer frequencies range from 10-3 to 10-8. The mechanisms of drug-resistance transfers include the self-transmission of large plasmids, the mobilization of small nonconjugative plasmids, the generalized transduction of phages, and the transfer of transposons with circular intermediates. We then discuss uncontrollable infections. Although several anti-MRSA agents have been developed, uncontrollable cases of MRSA infections are still reported. Examples include a case of uncontrollable sepsis arising from a community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) with the ST8/SCCmecIVl genotype, and a relapsing severe invasive infection of ST30/SCCmecIVc CA-MRSA in a student athlete. Some of these cases may be attributable to unique adhesins, superantigens, or cytolytic activities. The delayed diagnosis of highly adhesive and toxic infections in community settings may result in CA-MRSA diseases that are difficult to treat. Repeated relapse, persistent bacteremia, and infections of small-colony variants may occur. To treat MRSA infections in community settings, these unique features of MRSA must be considered to ensure that diagnostic delay is avoided.
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Draft Genome Sequence of the Panton-Valentine Leucocidin-Producing Staphylococcus aureus Sequence Type 154 Strain NRL 08/001, Isolated from a Fatal Case of Necrotizing Pneumonia. Microbiol Resour Announc 2019; 8:8/47/e01299-19. [PMID: 31753953 PMCID: PMC6872895 DOI: 10.1128/mra.01299-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Panton-Valentine leucocidin (PVL)-positive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains cause life-threatening diseases. We present a draft genome sequence of PVL-positive MRSA sequence type 154 (ST154) strain NRL 08/001, isolated from a fatal case of necrotizing pneumonia. The genome consists of 2.9 Mb over 39 contigs and harbors novel composite island staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec element (SCCmec)-mercury composite type 2B&5.
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Wan TW, Teng LJ, Yamamoto T. Structures of a highly variable cell-wall anchored protein-encoding the spj gene from ST8/SCCmecIVl community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA/J) isolated from 2003 onwards: An indicator of a strongly invasive pathotype. Microbiol Immunol 2019; 63:186-193. [PMID: 31009089 PMCID: PMC6617794 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The cell wall‐anchored protein‐encoding spj gene on staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec IVl (SCCmecIVl) was found to vary in size because of its 22‐ and 86‐aa repeat domains. The 22‐aa repeats are the more flexible of the two repeats, comprising three 11‐aa units, and were classified into three groups with eleven types. The 11/22‐aa repeats are longer in individuals with bullous impetigo, shorter in those with invasive disease and were absent in a fatal case, this last one having been rapidly diagnosed by PCR. IS431‐flanking pUB110 (bleO, aadD) is present on SCCmecIVl at 90%. The bacterial surface has the spj product and a unique surface layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsai-Wen Wan
- Department of Epidemiology, Genomics, and Evolution, International Medical Education and Research Center, Niigata, Japan.,Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lee-Jene Teng
- Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tatsuo Yamamoto
- Department of Epidemiology, Genomics, and Evolution, International Medical Education and Research Center, Niigata, Japan
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Ishitobi N, Wan TW, Khokhlova OE, Teng LJ, Yamamori Y, Yamamoto T. Fatal case of ST8/SCC mecIVl community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection in Japan. New Microbes New Infect 2018; 26:30-36. [PMID: 30245831 PMCID: PMC6141726 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) with ST8/SCCmecIV threatens human health. However, its pathogenesis remains unclear. ST8 CA-MRSA (CA-MRSA/J) with SCCmecIVl, which carries the large LPXTG-motif-containing putative adhesin gene, spj, has emerged in Japan. We present the first reported case of death from CA-MRSA/J. The patient was a 64-year-old woman with iliopsoas abscesses complicated by septic pulmonary embolism and multiorgan abscesses. Vancomycin, arbekacin, daptomycin and rifampicin were ineffective. CA-MRSA/J was resistant to erythromycin, clindamycin and antiseptics and was invasive in a HEp-2 cell assay, in contrast to skin-derived villous-adherent CA-MRSA/J. This suggests the strongly invasive pathotype of CA-MRSA/J.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ishitobi
- Department of Critical Care and Emergency Medicine, Shimane Prefectural Central Hospital, Shimane, Japan
| | - T-W Wan
- Department of Epidemiology, Genomics and Evolution, International Medical Education and Research Center, Niigata, Japan.,Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - O E Khokhlova
- Department of Epidemiology, Genomics and Evolution, International Medical Education and Research Center, Niigata, Japan.,Russia-Japan Center of Microbiology, Metagenomics and Infectious Diseases, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - L-J Teng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Y Yamamori
- Department of Critical Care and Emergency Medicine, Shimane Prefectural Central Hospital, Shimane, Japan
| | - T Yamamoto
- Department of Epidemiology, Genomics and Evolution, International Medical Education and Research Center, Niigata, Japan
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12
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Monecke S, Slickers P, Gawlik D, Müller E, Reissig A, Ruppelt-Lorz A, Akpaka PE, Bandt D, Bes M, Boswihi SS, Coleman DC, Coombs GW, Dorneanu OS, Gostev VV, Ip M, Jamil B, Jatzwauk L, Narvaez M, Roberts R, Senok A, Shore AC, Sidorenko SV, Skakni L, Somily AM, Syed MA, Thürmer A, Udo EE, Vremerǎ T, Zurita J, Ehricht R. Molecular Typing of ST239-MRSA-III From Diverse Geographic Locations and the Evolution of the SCC mec III Element During Its Intercontinental Spread. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1436. [PMID: 30087657 PMCID: PMC6066798 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ST239-MRSA-III is probably the oldest truly pandemic MRSA strain, circulating in many countries since the 1970s. It is still frequently isolated in some parts of the world although it has been replaced by other MRSA strains in, e.g., most of Europe. Previous genotyping work (Harris et al., 2010; Castillo-Ramírez et al., 2012) suggested a split in geographically defined clades. In the present study, a collection of 184 ST239-MRSA-III isolates, mainly from countries not covered by the previous studies were characterized using two DNA microarrays (i) targeting an extensive range of typing markers, virulence and resistance genes and (ii) a SCCmec subtyping array. Thirty additional isolates underwent whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and, together with published WGS data for 215 ST239-MRSA-III isolates, were analyzed using in-silico analysis for comparison with the microarray data and with special regard to variation within SCCmec elements. This permitted the assignment of isolates and sequences to 39 different SCCmec III subtypes, and to three major and several minor clades. One clade, characterized by the integration of a transposon into nsaB and by the loss of fnbB and splE was detected among isolates from Turkey, Romania and other Eastern European countries, Russia, Pakistan, and (mainly Northern) China. Another clade, harboring sasX/sesI is widespread in South-East Asia including China/Hong Kong, and surprisingly also in Trinidad & Tobago. A third, related, but sasX/sesI-negative clade occurs not only in Latin America but also in Russia and in the Middle East from where it apparently originated and from where it also was transferred to Ireland. Minor clades exist or existed in Western Europe and Greece, in Portugal, in Australia and New Zealand as well as in the Middle East. Isolates from countries where this strain is not epidemic (such as Germany) frequently are associated with foreign travel and/or hospitalization abroad. The wide dissemination of this strain and the fact that it was able to cause a hospital-borne pandemic that lasted nearly 50 years emphasizes the need for stringent infection prevention and control and admission screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Monecke
- Abbott (Alere Technologies GmbH), Jena, Germany.,InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena, Jena, Germany.,Medical Faculty "Carl Gustav Carus", Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Peter Slickers
- Abbott (Alere Technologies GmbH), Jena, Germany.,InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Darius Gawlik
- Abbott (Alere Technologies GmbH), Jena, Germany.,InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Elke Müller
- Abbott (Alere Technologies GmbH), Jena, Germany.,InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Annett Reissig
- Abbott (Alere Technologies GmbH), Jena, Germany.,InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Antje Ruppelt-Lorz
- Medical Faculty "Carl Gustav Carus", Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Patrick E Akpaka
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Dirk Bandt
- Instituts für Labordiagnostik, Mikrobiologie und Krankenhaushygiene, Oberlausitz-Kliniken, Bautzen, Germany
| | - Michele Bes
- Centre National de Référence des Staphylocoques, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Samar S Boswihi
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - David C Coleman
- Microbiology Research Unit, Dublin Dental University Hospital, University of Dublin, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Geoffrey W Coombs
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Olivia S Dorneanu
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Preventive and Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Medicine & Pharmacy "Grigore T Popa", Iaşi, Romania
| | - Vladimir V Gostev
- Pediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Margaret Ip
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Bushra Jamil
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Department of Biogenetics, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Lutz Jatzwauk
- Department of Hospital Infection Control, Dresden University Hospital, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marco Narvaez
- Department of Hospital Infection Control, Dresden University Hospital, Dresden, Germany
| | - Rashida Roberts
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Abiola Senok
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Anna C Shore
- Microbiology Research Unit, Dublin Dental University Hospital, University of Dublin, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sergey V Sidorenko
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Leila Skakni
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali M Somily
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University and King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Ali Syed
- Department of Microbiology, University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Alexander Thürmer
- Medical Faculty "Carl Gustav Carus", Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Edet E Udo
- Microbiology Research Unit, Dublin Dental University Hospital, University of Dublin, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Teodora Vremerǎ
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Preventive and Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Medicine & Pharmacy "Grigore T Popa", Iaşi, Romania
| | - Jeannete Zurita
- Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador.,Zurita & Zurita Laboratorios, Unidad de Investigaciones en Biomedicina, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Ralf Ehricht
- Abbott (Alere Technologies GmbH), Jena, Germany.,InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena, Jena, Germany
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13
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Otokunefor K, Agbude P, Otokunefor TV. Non-clinical isolates as potential reservoirs of antibiotic resistance in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Pan Afr Med J 2018; 30:167. [PMID: 30455796 PMCID: PMC6235506 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2018.30.167.14261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a growing problem worldwide. This type resistance often arises due to the sequential acquisition of drug resistance determinants and subsequent clonal spread. It is therefore important to determine possible reservoirs of these MDR gene to help set out control strategies. This study was aimed at analysing susceptibility patterns of various non-clinical Gram negative bacterial strains to determine their potential as reservoirs of MDR. Methods Thirty-five non-clinical Gram negative bacteria were identified and susceptibility profile determined using standard methodologies. Results Findings showed a preponderance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia Coli. Resistance rates of above 80% were noted in 50% of antibiotics, though none of the isolates were resistant to Ofloxacin. Majority of isolates (68.6%) had a multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index greater than 0.5, but only 20% of Escherichia Eoli. were found in this category. A high level of MDR was noted in this study (71.4%), but again only 20% of these were Escherichia Coli. Conclusion Gram negative bacteria are the most common group of bacteria frequently encountered in clinical microbiology. In more recent years, infections with these organisms have been further complicated by the phenomenon of drug resistance. Non-clinical isolates have been postulated as possible reservoirs. Findings from this study of widespread multidrug resistance support this idea. This study however highlights the lack of MDR in Escherichia Coli, which is promising. More extensive studies will need to be carried out to properly assess the role of non-clinical isolates as reservoirs of MDR determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kome Otokunefor
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Paul Agbude
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
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14
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You Y, Song L, Nonyane BAS, Price LB, Silbergeld EK. Genomic differences between nasal Staphylococcus aureus from hog slaughterhouse workers and their communities. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193820. [PMID: 29509797 PMCID: PMC5839586 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
New human pathogens can emerge from the livestock-human interface and spread into human populations through many pathways including livestock products. Occupational contact with livestock is a risk factor for exposure to those pathogens and may cause further spreading of those pathogens in the community. The current study used whole genome sequencing to explore nasal Staphylococcus aureus obtained from hog slaughterhouse workers and their community members, all of whom resided in a livestock-dense region in rural North Carolina. Sequence data were analyzed for lineage distribution, pathogenicity-related genomic features, and mobile genetic elements. We observed evidence of nasal S. aureus differences between hog workers and non-workers. Nasal S. aureus from hog workers showed a greater lineage diversity than nasal S. aureus from community residents. Hog worker isolates were less likely to carry the φSa3 prophage and human-specific immune evasion cluster genes than community resident isolates (φSa3 prophage: 54.5% vs. 91.7%, Benjamini-Hochberg (BH) corrected p = 0.035; immune evasion cluster genes: 66.7% vs. 100%, BH p = 0.021). Hog worker isolates had a lower prevalence and diversity of enterotoxins than community resident isolates, particularly lacking the enterotoxin gene cluster (39.4% vs. 70.8%, BH p = 0.125). Moreover, hog worker isolates harbored more diverse antibiotic resistance genes, with a higher prevalence of carriage of multiple resistance genes, than community resident isolates (75.8% vs. 29.2%, BH p = 0.021). Phylogenetic analysis of all ST5 isolates, the most abundant lineage in the collection, further supported separation of isolates from hog workers and non-workers. Together, our observations suggest impact of occupational contact with livestock on nasal S. aureus colonization and highlight the need for further research on the complex epidemiology of S. aureus at the livestock-human interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi You
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Li Song
- Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Center for Computational Biology, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Bareng A. S. Nonyane
- Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Lance B. Price
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Division of Pathogen Genomics, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Ellen K. Silbergeld
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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15
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Zhou Y, Niu C, Ma B, Xue X, Li Z, Chen Z, Li F, Zhou S, Luo X, Hou Z. Inhibiting PSMα-induced neutrophil necroptosis protects mice with MRSA pneumonia by blocking the agr system. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:362. [PMID: 29500427 PMCID: PMC5834619 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0398-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Given its high resistance, enhanced virulence, and high transmissibility, community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) pneumonia is highly associated with high morbidity and mortality. Anti-virulence therapy is a promising strategy that bypasses the evolutionary pressure on the bacterium to develop resistance. RNAIII-inhibiting peptide (RIP), as an accessory gene regulator (agr)-specific inhibitor, significantly restricts the virulence of S. aureus and protects infected mice from death by blocking the agr quorum sensing system. The protective effects of RIP on the neutropenic mice completely disappeared in a neutrophil-deleted mouse infection model, but not in the macrophage-deleted mice. This result confirmed that the in vivo antibacterial activity of RIP is highly associated with neutrophil function. Phenol-soluble modulins (PSMs), as major leukocyte lysis toxins of CA-MRSA, are directly regulated by the agr system. In this experiment, PSMα1, 2, and 3 significantly induced neutrophil necroptosis by activating mixed lineage kinase-like protein (MLKL) phosphorylation and increasing lactate dehydrogenase release. The S. aureus supernatants harvested from the agr or psmα mutant strains both decreased the phosphorylation level of MLKL and cell lysis. PSMα1-mediated neutrophil lysis was significantly inhibited by necrosulfonamide, necrostatin-1, TNFα antibody, and WRW4. These results showed PSMα1 induced necroptosis depends on formylpeptide receptor 2 (FPR2)-mediated autocrine TNFα. Moreover, the neutrophil necroptosis induced by S. aureus was significantly suppressed and pneumonia was effectively prevented by the blockage of agrA and psmα expression levels. These findings indicate that PSMα-induced necroptosis is a major cause of lung pathology in S. aureus pneumonia and suggest that interfering with the agr quorum sensing signaling pathway is a potential therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chao Niu
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bo Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoyan Xue
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhou Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fen Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shan Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoxing Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Zheng Hou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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16
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Hospital Epidemiology of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Moshi, Tanzania, as Determined by Whole Genome Sequencing. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:2087693. [PMID: 29487865 PMCID: PMC5816877 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2087693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective To determine molecular epidemiology of methicillin-resistant S. aureus in Tanzania using whole genome sequencing. Methods DNA from 33 Staphylococcus species was recovered from subcultured archived Staphylococcus isolates. Whole genome sequencing was performed on Illumina Miseq using paired-end 2 × 250 bp protocol. Raw sequence data were analyzed using online tools. Results Full susceptibility to vancomycin and chloramphenicol was observed. Thirteen isolates (43.3%) resisted cefoxitin and other antimicrobials tested. Multilocus sequence typing revealed 13 different sequence types among the 30 S. aureus isolates, with ST-8 (n = seven, 23%) being the most common. Gene detection in S. aureus stains were as follows: mecA, 10 (33.3%); pvl, 5 (16.7%); tst, 2 (6.7%). The SNP difference among the six Tanzanian ST-8 MRSA isolates ranged from 24 to 196 SNPs and from 16 to 446 SNPs when using the USA300_FPR3757 or the USA500_2395 as a reference, respectively. The mutation rate was 1.38 × 10−11 SNPs/site/year or 1.4 × 10−6 SNPs/site/year as estimated by USA300_FPR3757 or the USA500_2395, respectively. Conclusion S. aureus isolates causing infections in hospitalized patients in Moshi are highly diverse and epidemiologically unrelated. Temporal phylogenetic analysis provided better resolution on transmission and introduction of MRSA and it may be important to include this in future routines.
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17
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Fuzi M, Szabo D, Csercsik R. Double-Serine Fluoroquinolone Resistance Mutations Advance Major International Clones and Lineages of Various Multi-Drug Resistant Bacteria. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2261. [PMID: 29250038 PMCID: PMC5715326 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The major international sequence types/lineages of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and ESBL-producing E. coli were demonstrated to have been advanced by favorable fitness balance associated with high-level resistance to fluoroquinolones. The paper shows that favorable fitness in the major STs/lineages of these pathogens was principally attained by the capacity of evolving mutations in the fluoroquinolone-binding serine residues of both the DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV enzymes. The available information on fitness balance incurred by individual and various combinations of mutations in the enzymes is reviewed in multiple species. Moreover, strong circumstantial evidence is presented that major STs/lineages of other multi-drug resistant bacteria, primarily vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE), emerged by a similar mechanism. The reason(s) why the major ST/lineage strains of various pathogens proved more adept at evolving favorable mutations than most isolates of the same species remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miklos Fuzi
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dora Szabo
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rita Csercsik
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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18
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Wan TW, Higuchi W, Khokhlova OE, Hung WC, Iwao Y, Wakayama M, Inomata N, Takano T, Lin YT, Peryanova OV, Kojima KK, Salmina AB, Teng LJ, Yamamoto T. Genomic comparison between Staphylococcus aureus GN strains clinically isolated from a familial infection case: IS1272 transposition through a novel inverted repeat-replacing mechanism. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187288. [PMID: 29117225 PMCID: PMC5678879 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A bacterial insertion sequence (IS) is a mobile DNA sequence carrying only the transposase gene (tnp) that acts as a mutator to disrupt genes, alter gene expressions, and cause genomic rearrangements. "Canonical" ISs have historically been characterized by their terminal inverted repeats (IRs), which may form a stem-loop structure, and duplications of a short (non-IR) target sequence at both ends, called target site duplications (TSDs). The IS distributions and virulence potentials of Staphylococcus aureus genomes in familial infection cases are unclear. Here, we determined the complete circular genome sequences of familial strains from a Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL)-positive ST50/agr4 S. aureus (GN) infection of a 4-year old boy with skin abscesses. The genomes of the patient strain (GN1) and parent strain (GN3) were rich for "canonical" IS1272 with terminal IRs, both having 13 commonly-existing copies (ce-IS1272). Moreover, GN1 had a newly-inserted IS1272 (ni-IS1272) on the PVL-converting prophage, while GN3 had two copies of ni-IS1272 within the DNA helicase gene and near rot. The GN3 genome also had a small deletion. The targets of ni-IS1272 transposition were IR structures, in contrast with previous "canonical" ISs. There were no TSDs. Based on a database search, the targets for ce-IS1272 were IRs or "non-IRs". IS1272 included a larger structure with tandem duplications of the left (IRL) side sequence; tnp included minor cases of a long fusion form and truncated form. One ce-IS1272 was associated with the segments responsible for immune evasion and drug resistance. Regarding virulence, GN1 expressed cytolytic peptides (phenol-soluble modulin α and δ-hemolysin) and PVL more strongly than some other familial strains. These results suggest that IS1272 transposes through an IR-replacing mechanism, with an irreversible process unlike that of "canonical" transpositions, resulting in genomic variations, and that, among the familial strains, the patient strain has strong virulence potential based on community-associated virulence factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsai-Wen Wan
- Department of Epidemiology, Genomics, and Evolution, International Medical Education and Research Center, Niigata, Japan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wataru Higuchi
- Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infectious Disease Control and International Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Olga E. Khokhlova
- Department of Epidemiology, Genomics, and Evolution, International Medical Education and Research Center, Niigata, Japan
- Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infectious Disease Control and International Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
- Russia-Japan Center of Microbiology, Metagenomics and Infectious Diseases, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Wei-Chun Hung
- Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infectious Disease Control and International Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yasuhisa Iwao
- Department of Epidemiology, Genomics, and Evolution, International Medical Education and Research Center, Niigata, Japan
- Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infectious Disease Control and International Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | | | | | - Tomomi Takano
- Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infectious Disease Control and International Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yu-Tzu Lin
- Department of Epidemiology, Genomics, and Evolution, International Medical Education and Research Center, Niigata, Japan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Olga V. Peryanova
- Russia-Japan Center of Microbiology, Metagenomics and Infectious Diseases, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Kenji K. Kojima
- Department of Life Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Genetic Information Research Institute (GIRI), Mountain View, CA, United States of America
| | - Alla B. Salmina
- Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Professor V.F. Vojno-Yasenetsky, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Lee-Jene Teng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tatsuo Yamamoto
- Department of Epidemiology, Genomics, and Evolution, International Medical Education and Research Center, Niigata, Japan
- Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infectious Disease Control and International Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
- Russia-Japan Center of Microbiology, Metagenomics and Infectious Diseases, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- * E-mail:
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19
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Novick RP, Ram G. Staphylococcal pathogenicity islands-movers and shakers in the genomic firmament. Curr Opin Microbiol 2017; 38:197-204. [PMID: 29100762 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The staphylococcal pathogenicity islands (SaPIs) are highly mobile 15kb genomic islands that carry superantigen genes and other virulence factors and are mobilized by helper phages. Helper phages counteract the SaPI repressor to induce the SaPI replication cycle, resulting in encapsidation in phage like particles, enabling high frequency transfer. The SaPIs split from a protophage lineage in the distant past, have evolved a variety of novel and salient features, and have become an invaluable component of the staphylococcal genome. This review focuses on recent studies describing three different mechanisms of SaPI interference with helper phage reproduction and other studies demonstrating that helper phage mutations to resistance against this interference impact phage evolution. Also described are recent results showing that SaPIs contribute in a major way to lateral transfer of host genes as well as enabling their own transfer. SaPI-like elements, readily identifiable in the bacterial genome, are widespread throughout the Gram-positive cocci, though functionality has thus far been demonstrated for only a single one of these.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard P Novick
- Skirball Institute for Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, 540 First Ave., New York, NY 10016, USA.
| | - Geeta Ram
- Skirball Institute for Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, 540 First Ave., New York, NY 10016, USA
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20
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Gostev V, Kruglov A, Kalinogorskaya O, Dmitrenko O, Khokhlova O, Yamamoto T, Lobzin Y, Ryabchenko I, Sidorenko S. Molecular epidemiology and antibiotic resistance of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus circulating in the Russian Federation. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2017; 53:189-194. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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21
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Pomorska-Wesołowska M, Chmielarczyk A, Chlebowicz M, Ziółkowski G, Szczypta A, Natkaniec J, Romaniszyn D, Pobiega M, Dzikowska M, Krawczyk L, Kozioł J, Wójkowska-Mach J. Virulence and antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bloodstream infections and pneumonia in Southern Poland. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2017; 11:100-104. [PMID: 28754460 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Staphylococcus aureus remains the most important cause of infections in hospitals and long-term care facilities. The aim of this study was to analyse the resistance, virulence, and epidemiological and genetic relationships of S. aureus from bloodstream infections (BSIs) and pneumonia from patients in Southern Poland. METHODS All strains were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using the disk diffusion method. Etest was also performed for vancomycin, teicoplanin, tigecycline, oxacillin, cefoxitin and penicillin. PCR amplification was used to detect selected virulence genes. The genetic similarity of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates was determined by spa typing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Using the BURP algorithm and the Ridom SpaServer database, spa types were clustered into different clonal complexes (spa-CCs). RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS MRSA strains were observed at a prevalence of 26.7%, but 88.6% of hospital-acquired infections were MRSA, with no difference between BSIs and pneumonia. The highest resistance was observed to erythromycin and tobramycin. None of the strains were resistant to linezolid, glycopeptides or tigecycline. The strains had no significant virulence factors and the number of virulence genes present did not correlate with the degree of drug resistance. PFGE typing showed relatively high diversity of strains. The majority of isolates belonged to spa type t003 (CC5).
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Pomorska-Wesołowska
- Department of Microbiology, Analytical and Microbiological Laboratory of Ruda Slaska KORLAB NZOZ, Ruda Slaska, Poland
| | | | - Monika Chlebowicz
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Molecular Unit, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Anna Szczypta
- Faculty of Health and Medical Science, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna Natkaniec
- Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Dorota Romaniszyn
- Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Monika Pobiega
- Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Mirosława Dzikowska
- Department of Clinical Nursing, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Lech Krawczyk
- Higher School of Medicine in Sosnowiec, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Joanna Kozioł
- Poland Institute of Dentistry, Department of Dental Prophylaxis and Experimental Dentistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
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22
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Tang HJ, Lai CC, Chen CC, Zhang CC, Weng TC, Yu WL, Chen HJ, Chiu YH, Ko WC, Chuang YC. Cephalosporin-Glycopeptide Combinations for Use against Clinical Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates: Enhanced In vitro Antibacterial Activity. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:884. [PMID: 28572795 PMCID: PMC5435797 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The empirical combination of both a beta-lactam and glycopeptide to counter potential staphylococcal pathogens may improve the clinical outcomes for cases of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. We reported comparative in vitro studies of combination effects of different cephalosporins (i.e., cefazolin, cefmetazole, cefotaxime, and cefepime) combined with glycopeptides for 34 randomly selected methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates by three methods, including the checkerboard, time-killing, and combination MIC measurement methods. Thirteen SCCmec type III isolates with a cefazolin MIC of ≥ 128 μg/mL were classified as the high-cefazolin MIC (HCM) group, whereas 13 SCCmec type IV and 8 SCCmec type V isolates were classified as the low-cefazolin MIC (LCM) group. With the checkerboard method, synergism was present for vancomycin-based combinations at 30.8–69.2 and 13.6–66.7%, as well as teicoplanin-based combinations of 38.5–84.6 and 0–47.6%, of the HCM and LCM isolates, respectively. No antagonism was noted. The in vitro inhibitory activity was evident even at a low concentration of 1/512x MIC of cephalosporin combined with sub-inhibitory concentrations (1/2x MIC) of a glycopeptide. With time-killing assays, synergism was noted at 1/2x or 1x susceptible breakpoint concentrations (SBCs) of a cephalosporin combined with 1/4 or 1/2 MIC of a glycopeptide. In the presence of 1/2 SBC of a cephalosporin, vancomycin or teicoplanin MICs decreased an average of 2.0- to 6.6- or 1.6- to 5.5-fold, respectively. With 8 μg/mL cephalosporin, the decline of glycopeptide MICs was most obvious in the presence of cefmetazole. In conclusion, cephalosporin-glycopeptide combinations at clinically achievable concentrations can exhibit in vitro synergistic antibacterial activity against clinical MRSA isolates. Such combinations require more clinical data to support their application for use in human MRSA infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Jen Tang
- Department of Medicine, Chi Mei Medical CenterTainan, Taiwan.,Department of Health and Nutrition, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and ScienceTainan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Cheng Lai
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Chi Mei Hospital-Liou YingTainan, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Tzu-Chieh Weng
- Department of Medicine, Chi Mei Medical CenterTainan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Liang Yu
- Department of Medicine, Chi Mei Medical CenterTainan, Taiwan.,Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical CenterTainan, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Jui Chen
- Department of Medicine, Chi Mei Medical CenterTainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsin Chiu
- Medicine, Chi Mei Hospital-Liou YingTainan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chien Ko
- Department of Internal Medicine and Center of Infection Control, National Cheng Kung University HospitalTainan, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung UniversityTainan, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Ching Chuang
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and ScienceTainan, Taiwan.,Medicine, Chi Mei Hospital-Liou YingTainan, Taiwan
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23
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Mkrtchyan HV, Xu Z, Yacoub M, Ter-Stepanyan MM, Karapetyan HD, Kearns AM, Cutler RR, Pichon B, Hambardzumyan AD. Detection of diverse genotypes of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from hospital personnel and the environment in Armenia. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2017; 6:19. [PMID: 28184301 PMCID: PMC5294836 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-017-0169-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a public health concern internationally. Studies examining a range of cohorts have been reported from various regions of the world, but little is known about the molecular epidemiology of MRSA in Armenia. Methods Between May and September 2013, twenty isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA; mecA positive) were recovered from hospital personnel (n = 10; 9 females, 1 male) and environmental sites (n = 10) in the maternity ward of one of the teaching hospitals in Armenia. Results Multi-locus sequence type clonal complex (MLST-CC) assignments inferred from spa typing data revealed the majority belonged to 3 pandemic lineages of MRSA including: t008-CC8-SCCmecV (n = 10; 7 from personnel); t021-CC30-SCCmecIV (n = 5; all environmental); and t1523-CC45 (n = 2; 1 from personnel), one harboured SCCmecV the other was SCCmec non-typable. The remainder identified as belonging to genotype t364-CC182, both of which harboured a novel SCCmec cassette with kdp, rif5, ccrB2 and ccrC detected by PCR (both from personnel); and t325-CC88-SCCmecIV (n = 1; environmental). All MRSA were negative for the Panton-Valentine Leukocidin (PVL) locus and three CC8 strains were positive for the arginine catabolic element (ACME). Conclusions In this small study, we report for the first time of the occurrence of diverse MRSA genotypes belonging to both pandemic and more sporadic international clones in Armenia harbouring the smaller SCCmec types and/or ACME, both of which have been associated with strain fitness. Further surveillance is warranted to better understand the prevalence, clinical and molecular epidemiology of MRSA throughout Armenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hermine V Mkrtchyan
- Queen Mary University of London, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS UK.,School of Health, Sport and Bioscience, University of East London, Water Lane, London, E15 4LZ UK
| | - Zhen Xu
- Queen Mary University of London, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS UK
| | - Maria Yacoub
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare Associated Infections Reference Unit, Public Health England, National Infection Service, Colindale, London, UK
| | | | | | - Angela M Kearns
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare Associated Infections Reference Unit, Public Health England, National Infection Service, Colindale, London, UK
| | - Ronald R Cutler
- Queen Mary University of London, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS UK
| | - Bruno Pichon
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare Associated Infections Reference Unit, Public Health England, National Infection Service, Colindale, London, UK
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24
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Krogman A, Tilahun A, David CS, Chowdhary VR, Alexander MP, Rajagopalan G. HLA-DR polymorphisms influence in vivo responses to staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 in a transgenic mouse model. HLA 2016; 89:20-28. [PMID: 27863161 DOI: 10.1111/tan.12930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) is a potent superantigen produced by Staphylococcus aureus. In addition to menstrual and nonmenstrual toxic shock syndromes, TSST-1 is also implicated in the immunopathogenesis of pneumonia, infective endocarditis, neonatal exanthematous disease, and atopic dermatitis among others. Superantigens first bind to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules and then activate a large proportion of T cells by cross-linking their T cell receptor. As binding to MHC class II molecules is a critical step in the robust activation of the immune system by TSST-1 and other superantigens, polymorphic variations between different HLA-DR alleles could potentially influence the magnitude of immune activation and immunopathology caused by TSST-1. As TSST-1 is highly toxic to humans and given that multiple variations of alleles of HLA-DR and HLA-DQ are expressed in each individual, it is difficult to determine how HLA-DR polymorphisms quantitatively and qualitatively impact immune activation caused by TSST-1 in humans. However, such investigations can be conducted on transgenic mice lacking all endogenous MHC class II molecules and expressing specific HLA class II alleles. Therefore, transgenic mice expressing different HLA-DRB1 alleles (HLA-DRB1*15:01, HLA-DRB1*15:02, HLA-DRB1*03:01, HLA-DRB1*04:01), and sharing HLA-A1*01:01 chain, were systemically challenged with purified TSST-1 and multiple immune parameters were assessed. Among the HLA-DR alleles, mice expressing HLA-DRB1*15:01 allele elicited a significantly higher serum cytokine/chemokine response; greater splenic T cell expansion and most severe organ pathology. Our study highlights the potential utility of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) transgenic mice in understanding the impact of HLA polymorphisms on the outcomes of diseases caused by TSST-1 and other superantigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Krogman
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - A Tilahun
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - C S David
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - V R Chowdhary
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - M P Alexander
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - G Rajagopalan
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
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25
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Hardgrib N, Wang M, Jurik AG, Petersen KK. Life-threatening MRSA sepsis with bilateral pneumonia, osteomyelitis, and septic arthritis of the knee in a previously healthy 13-year-old boy: a case report. Acta Radiol Open 2016; 5:2058460116677180. [PMID: 27867536 PMCID: PMC5105300 DOI: 10.1177/2058460116677180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence and severity of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections are increasing and cause high mortality and morbidity. We describe the first pediatric case in Scandinavia with Panton-Valentine leucocidin (PVL) positive MRSA septicemia who developed bilateral pneumonia, arthritis of the knee, and osteomyelitis of the tibia. Radiological investigation and interpretation directed the treatment, especially the surgical debridement, and combined with clinical and biochemical findings lead to close interdisciplinary treatment with frequent surgical interventions and antimicrobial combination therapy. The outcome was a healthy patient without sequelae, a favorable course unlike those previously described in the literature. This case underlines the necessity of a close interdisciplinary cooperation in children with severe MRSA infection encompassing pneumonia, septic arthritis, and osteomyelitis, using different imaging modalities to guide the surgical and antibiotic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Hardgrib
- Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Michala Wang
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anne Grethe Jurik
- Department of Radiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Klaus K Petersen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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26
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Complete Circular Genome Sequence of Successful ST8/SCCmecIV Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (OC8) in Russia: One-Megabase Genomic Inversion, IS256's Spread, and Evolution of Russia ST8-IV. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164168. [PMID: 27741255 PMCID: PMC5065196 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
ST8/SCCmecIV community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) has been a common threat, with large USA300 epidemics in the United States. The global geographical structure of ST8/SCCmecIV has not yet been fully elucidated. We herein determined the complete circular genome sequence of ST8/SCCmecIVc strain OC8 from Siberian Russia. We found that 36.0% of the genome was inverted relative to USA300. Two IS256, oppositely oriented, at IS256-enriched hot spots were implicated with the one-megabase genomic inversion (MbIN) and vSaβ split. The behavior of IS256 was flexible: its insertion site (att) sequences on the genome and junction sequences of extrachromosomal circular DNA were all divergent, albeit with fixed sizes. A similar multi-IS256 system was detected, even in prevalent ST239 healthcare-associated MRSA in Russia, suggesting IS256’s strong transmission potential and advantage in evolution. Regarding epidemiology, all ST8/SCCmecIVc strains from European, Siberian, and Far Eastern Russia, examined had MbIN, and geographical expansion accompanied divergent spa types and resistance to fluoroquinolones, chloramphenicol, and often rifampicin. Russia ST8/SCCmecIVc has been associated with life-threatening infections such as pneumonia and sepsis in both community and hospital settings. Regarding virulence, the OC8 genome carried a series of toxin and immune evasion genes, a truncated giant surface protein gene, and IS256 insertion adjacent to a pan-regulatory gene. These results suggest that unique single ST8/spa1(t008)/SCCmecIVc CA-MRSA (clade, Russia ST8-IVc) emerged in Russia, and this was followed by large geographical expansion, with MbIN as an epidemiological marker, and fluoroquinolone resistance, multiple virulence factors, and possibly a multi-IS256 system as selective advantages.
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27
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Poormohammadi S, Farahani A, Mohajeri P. Genomic diversity and antimicrobial susceptibility profiling of nasal carriage Staphylococcus aureus isolated from pediatric ward in Western Iran. Saudi J Biol Sci 2016; 26:1-7. [PMID: 30622401 PMCID: PMC6319195 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) probably causes the transmission of infection between individuals in hospital and community. This study aimed to evaluate the molecular epidemiology and antibiotic resistance pattern of nasal carriage S. aureus in pediatric ward patients and personnel. A total of 122 Nasal samples were taken from 28 personnel and 94 hospitalized patients in the pediatric ward. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) to vancomycin and cefoxitin was determined by Agar dilution method strips. All S. aureus isolates were analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). A total of 41 S. aureus were isolated from the patients. 16 isolates (39.09%) were hospital-associated S. aureus (HA-SA) and 25 (60.97%) were community-associated S. aureus (CA-SA); also, 13 S. aureus isolates were obtained from the personnel. Based on MIC results, all of S. aureus isolates were susceptible to vancomycin, and in 41 patient isolates, 13 isolates (31.7%) were resistant to cefoxitin (MRSA). Of 13 S. aureus isolates of the personnel, 3 (23%) isolates were MRSA. Totally 11 common clones and 13 single clones were obtained. In conclusion the prevalence of CA-SA in the ward was higher than that of HA-SA. In the strains obtained from a hospital ward, there was a high epidemiology, genotypic diversity in the studied ward. However, horizontal transfer of S. aureus was observed between patients and between personnel and patients, which indicated the risk of transmission of resistant strains in the hospital wards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Poormohammadi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Abbas Farahani
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Parviz Mohajeri
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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28
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Lee JYH, Monk IR, Pidot SJ, Singh S, Chua KYL, Seemann T, Stinear TP, Howden BP. Functional analysis of the first complete genome sequence of a multidrug resistant sequence type 2 Staphylococcus epidermidis. Microb Genom 2016; 2:e000077. [PMID: 28785416 PMCID: PMC5537629 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus epidermidis is a significant opportunistic pathogen of humans. The ST2 lineage is frequently multidrug-resistant and accounts for most of the clinical disease worldwide. However, there are no publically available, closed ST2 genomes and pathogenesis studies have not focused on these strains. We report the complete genome and methylome of BPH0662, a multidrug-resistant, hospital-adapted, ST2 S. epidermidis, and describe the correlation between resistome and phenotype, as well as demonstrate its relationship to publically available, international ST2 isolates. Furthermore, we delineate the methylome determined by the two type I restriction modification systems present in BPH0662 through heterologous expression in Escherichia coli, allowing the assignment of each system to its corresponding target recognition motif. As the first, to our knowledge, complete ST2 S. epidermidis genome, BPH0662 provides a valuable reference for future genomic studies of this clinically relevant lineage. Defining the methylome and the construction of these E. coli hosts provides the foundation for the development of molecular tools to bypass restriction modification systems in this lineage that has hitherto proven intractable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Y. H. Lee
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology at The Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ian R. Monk
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology at The Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sacha J. Pidot
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology at The Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Kyra Y. L. Chua
- Microbiology Department, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Torsten Seemann
- Doherty Applied Microbial Genomics, Department of Microbiology & Immunology at The Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Victorian Life Sciences Computation Inititative, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Timothy P. Stinear
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology at The Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Doherty Applied Microbial Genomics, Department of Microbiology & Immunology at The Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Benjamin P. Howden
- Doherty Applied Microbial Genomics, Department of Microbiology & Immunology at The Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, Department of Microbiology & Immunology at The Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Infectious Diseases Department, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
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29
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Estrella LA, Quinones J, Henry M, Hannah RM, Pope RK, Hamilton T, Teneza-Mora N, Hall E, Biswajit B. Characterization of novel Staphylococcus aureus lytic phage and defining their combinatorial virulence using the OmniLog® system. BACTERIOPHAGE 2016; 6:e1219440. [PMID: 27738555 PMCID: PMC5056778 DOI: 10.1080/21597081.2016.1219440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI) caused by methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are difficult to treat. Bacteriophage (phage) represent a potential alternate treatment for antibiotic resistant bacterial infections. In this study, 7 novel phage with broad lytic activity for S. aureus were isolated and identified. Screening of a diverse collection of 170 clinical isolates by efficiency of plating (EOP) assays shows that the novel phage are virulent and effectively prevent growth of 70–91% of MRSA and methicillin sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) isolates. Phage K, which was previously identified as having lytic activity on S. aureus was tested on the S. aureus collection and shown to prevent growth of 82% of the isolates. These novel phage group were examined by electron microscopy, the results of which indicate that the phage belong to the Myoviridae family of viruses. The novel phage group requires β-N-acetyl glucosamine (GlcNac) moieties on cell wall teichoic acids for infection. The phage were distinct from, but closely related to, phage K as characterized by restriction endonuclease analysis. Furthermore, growth rate analysis via OmniLog® microplate assay indicates that a combination of phage K, with phage SA0420ᶲ1, SA0456ᶲ1 or SA0482ᶲ1 have a synergistic phage-mediated lytic effect on MRSA and suppress formation of phage resistance. These results indicate that a broad spectrum lytic phage mixture can suppress the emergence of resistant bacterial populations and hence have great potential for combating S. aureus wound infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Estrella
- Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center-Frederick , Fort Detrick, MD USA
| | - Javier Quinones
- Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center-Frederick , Fort Detrick, MD USA
| | - Matthew Henry
- Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center-Frederick , Fort Detrick, MD USA
| | - Ryan M Hannah
- National Biofoerensic Analysis and Countermeasures Center , Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Robert K Pope
- National Biofoerensic Analysis and Countermeasures Center , Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Theron Hamilton
- Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center-Frederick , Fort Detrick, MD USA
| | - Nimfa Teneza-Mora
- Wound Infections Department, Naval Medical Research Center-Silver Spring , Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Eric Hall
- Wound Infections Department, Naval Medical Research Center-Silver Spring , Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Biswas Biswajit
- Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center-Frederick , Fort Detrick, MD USA
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30
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Wan TW, Tomita Y, Saita N, Konno K, Iwao Y, Hung WC, Teng LJ, Yamamoto T. Emerging ST121/agr4 community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) with strong adhesin and cytolytic activities: trigger for MRSA pneumonia and fatal aspiration pneumonia in an influenza-infected elderly. New Microbes New Infect 2016; 13:17-21. [PMID: 27358743 PMCID: PMC4917487 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2015] [Revised: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) pneumonia in influenza-infected elderly individuals has not yet been elucidated in detail. In the present study, a 92-year-old man infected with influenza developed CA-MRSA pneumonia. His CA-MRSA was an emerging type, originated in ST121/agr4 S. aureus, with diversities of Panton–Valentine leucocidin (PVL)−/spat5110/SCCmecV+ versus PVL+/spat159(etc.)/SCCmec−, but with common virulence potentials of strong adhesin and cytolytic activities. Resistance to erythromycin/clindamycin (inducible-type) and gentamicin was detected. Pneumonia improved with the administration of levofloxacin, but with the subsequent development of fatal aspiration pneumonia. Hence, characteristic CA-MRSA with strong adhesin and cytolytic activities triggered influenza-related sequential complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- T-W Wan
- Department of Epidemiology, Genomics, and Evolution, International Medical Education and Research Centre, Niigata, Japan; Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Y Tomita
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Centre for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - N Saita
- Konno Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - K Konno
- Konno Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Y Iwao
- Department of Epidemiology, Genomics, and Evolution, International Medical Education and Research Centre, Niigata, Japan
| | - W-C Hung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - L-J Teng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - T Yamamoto
- Department of Epidemiology, Genomics, and Evolution, International Medical Education and Research Centre, Niigata, Japan
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