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Jaślan D, Rosiński J, Wałaszek M, Majewska R, Szczypta A, Wójkowska-Mach J, Różańska A. Polish infection control nurses' job satisfaction and cooperation with their colleagues reflect how the value of infection control is appreciated by other health care workers: findings from surveys conducted before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2023; 12:76. [PMID: 37559154 PMCID: PMC10413731 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-023-01284-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infection prevention and control (IPC) is based on the activity of specialized, trained and highly qualified personnel, especially infection control nurses (ICNs). Effective implementation of IPC procedures demands close cooperation between IPC teams (IPCTs) and hospital personnel. Based on disturbing results on the epidemiology of health care-associated infections (HAIs) and compliance with preventive procedures, we suspect that cooperation between ICNs and different groups of hospital staff is poor. The aim of this study was to assess the perceptions of ICNs working in Polish hospitals with regard to difficulties in working with various professional groups in the hospital, their organizational conditions, and their job satisfaction before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS The study was conducted twice, in 2014 and 2021, among ICNs working in Polish hospitals. The survey used an anonymous questionnaire designed by the authors. RESULTS In 2014, 183 ICNs participated in the study, and 175 ICNs participated in 2021. The respondents' average age and seniority (duration of work as an ICN) were higher in 2021. Depending on the ward specialty, approximately 30-48.8% of the ICNs had difficulty cooperating with physicians. However, the ICNs declared better cooperation with nurses in various hospital wards and with other professionals. For some groups of hospital staff, there was a negative correlation between poor cooperation and ICNs' job satisfaction. The job satisfaction data were disturbing; for example, more than half of the respondents considered changing jobs, and the lack of a sense of purpose in their work was declared by 29.7% of ICNs in 2014 and by 54.3% of ICNs in 2021. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that infection prevention and control is not highly appreciated by health care workers and hospital management. Our study reveals difficulties in ICNs' cooperation with hospital staff and managers in both 2021 and 2014, moderate job satisfaction, a high level of willingness to change jobs, and insufficient training in interpersonal skills and the implementation of changes. These findings clearly indicate an urgent need to introduce modern competence development systems in infection control beyond the scope of traditional training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Jaślan
- Chair of Microbiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul. Czysta 18, Kraków, 31-121, Poland
| | - Jerzy Rosiński
- Institute of Economics, Finance and Management, Faculty of Management and Social Communication, Jagiellonian University, ul. Łojasiewicza 4, Kraków, 30-348, Poland
| | - Marta Wałaszek
- Faculty of Health Science, University of Applied Sciences in Tarnów, ul. Mickiewicza 8, Tarnów, 33-100, Poland
| | - Renata Majewska
- Chair of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul. Kopernika 7, Kraków, 31-034, Poland
| | - Anna Szczypta
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, ul. Herlinga-Grudzińskiego 1, Kraków, 30-705, Poland
| | - Jadwiga Wójkowska-Mach
- Chair of Microbiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul. Czysta 18, Kraków, 31-121, Poland
| | - Anna Różańska
- Chair of Microbiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul. Czysta 18, Kraków, 31-121, Poland.
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Szczypta A, Talaga-Ćwiertnia K, Kielar M, Krzyściak P, Gajewska A, Szura M, Bulanda M, Chmielarczyk A. Investigation of Acinetobacter baumannii Activity in Vascular Surgery Units through Epidemiological Management Based on the Analysis of Antimicrobial Resistance, Biofilm Formation and Genotyping. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph18041563. [PMID: 33562194 PMCID: PMC7915860 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background/Objectives: The genus Acinetobacter demonstrates resistance to antibiotics and has been shown to spread in the hospital environment causing epidemic outbreaks among hospitalized patients. The objectives of the present study was to investigate the antibiotic resistance, biofilm formation, and clonality among Acinetobacter baumannii strains. Materials and Methods: The study involved 6 (I Outbreak) and 3 (II Outbreak) A. baumannii strains isolated from patients hospitalized in vascular surgery unit. Results: All tested A. baumannii strains were extensively drug resistant (XDR) and all the isolates were carbapenem-resistant and among them, all carried the blaOXA-51 gene, the blaOXA-24 gene, as well as the blaOXA-23 gene. All of the investigated strains had the ability to form a biofilm, but all of them produced less biofilm than the reference strain. Multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) showed that all strains belonged to the ST2 clone. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) divided the tested outbreak strains into two clones (A and B). Conclusion: This study shows a nosocomial spread of XDR A. baumannii ST2 having the blaOXA-51 gene, the blaOXA-24 gene, as well as the blaOXA-23 gene, low biofilm formers, that was prevalent in the vascular surgery unit. To identify the current situation of vascular surgery departments targeted epidemiological investigation was needed. Effective implementation of infection control prevented the spread of the epidemic outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Szczypta
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, 30-705 Kraków, Poland;
- The Bonifratri Order Hospital of St. John Grande, 31-061 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Talaga-Ćwiertnia
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Chair of Microbiology, Department of Infection Control and Mycology, 31-008 Kraków, Poland; (P.K.); (M.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-12-633-0877 (ext. 231)
| | - Małgorzata Kielar
- Medical Diagnostic Laboratory with a Bacteriological Unit, St. Louis Regional Specialised Children’s Hospital, 31-503 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Paweł Krzyściak
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Chair of Microbiology, Department of Infection Control and Mycology, 31-008 Kraków, Poland; (P.K.); (M.B.)
| | | | - Mirosław Szura
- The Bonifratri Order Hospital of St. John Grande, 31-061 Kraków, Poland;
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Department of Clinical and Experimental Surgery, 31-008 Kraków, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Bulanda
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Chair of Microbiology, Department of Infection Control and Mycology, 31-008 Kraków, Poland; (P.K.); (M.B.)
| | - Agnieszka Chmielarczyk
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Chair of Microbiology, Department of Bacteriology, Microbial Ecology and Parasitology, 31-008 Kraków, Poland;
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Wałaszek M, Różańska A, Szczypta A, Bulanda M, Wójkowska-Mach J. Polish infection control nurses - Self-assessment of their duties and professional autonomy in different types of hospitals. Med Pr 2018; 69:605-612. [PMID: 30468208 DOI: 10.13075/mp.5893.00719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of the study is self-assessment of Polish infection control nurses (ICNs) in terms of the structure of professional tasks and autonomy of decision-making. MATERIAL AND METHODS A questionnaire survey was filled out by 208 ICNs (around 21% of all Polish ICNs) in 15 provinces located in Poland. The research encompassed ICNs surveillance healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) in 2014. RESULTS The work time that ICNs devote to professional tasks and decision autonomy on the scale of 1-100% was as follows: 34% (67% of decision autonomy) was dedicated to detecting and registering HAIs, 12% (71%) - internal control, 10% (58%) - devising and implementing infection prevention practices, 10% (68%) - staff trainings, 8% (65%) - identification and study of outbreaks, 7% (58%) - promoting hand hygiene, 6% (51%) - consults with infected patients, 4% (57%) - consults on decontamination, 4% (54%) - consults on maintaining cleanliness, 3% (51%) - isolation and application of personal protective measures, 2% - other tasks. Infection prevention and control nurses estimated, on average, that their autonomy of decisions concerning the professional tasks performed amounted to 60%. CONCLUSIONS Infection control nurses in Poland have difficulty in achieving balance between tasks they perform and the authority they exercise. The ICN professional task structure is dominated by duties associated with monitoring hospital infections, however, the greatest decision autonomy is visible regarding internal control. Decision-making concentrated on internal control may hinder building a positive image of an ICN. We should strive to firmly establish professional tasks and rights of ICNs in legislation concerning performing the duties of a nurse and midwife. Med Pr 2018;69(6):605-612.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Wałaszek
- State Higher Vocational School, Tarnów, Poland (Health Department).
| | - Anna Różańska
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland (Faculty of Medicine, Chair of Microbiology).
| | - Anna Szczypta
- Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Kraków University, Poland (Faculty of Medicine and Health).
| | - Małgorzata Bulanda
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland (Faculty of Medicine, Chair of Microbiology).
| | - Jadwiga Wójkowska-Mach
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland (Faculty of Medicine, Chair of Microbiology).
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Talaga K, Odrowąż-Konduracka D, Paradowska B, Jagiencarz-Starzec B, Wolak Z, Bulanda M, Szczypta A. Typing of Enterococcus spp. strains in 4 hospitals in the Małopolska region in Poland. ADV CLIN EXP MED 2018. [PMID: 29521051 DOI: 10.17219/acem/68265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the Małopolska province, the first case of vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) occurrence was an outbreak in 2001 caused by strains of the genus E. faecium carrying the vanA operon. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to determine the antimicrobial resistance and the occurrence of virulence determinants among Enterococcus spp. in patients hospitalized in the Małopolska region in 2015. MATERIAL AND METHODS Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by disc diffusion and the E test. The presence of aminoglycoside and glycopeptide resistance genes and virulence genes (asa1, gelE, cylA, esp, hyl) was investigated using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Also, the presence of IS16 was investigated. The activity of gelatinase, cytolysin (hemolysin), and DNase was tested. RESULTS All E. faecalis were susceptible to ampicillin, vancomycin, teicoplanin, linezolid and tigecycline. All E. faecium strains were susceptible to quinupristin-dalfopristin. Resistance to ampicillin and vancomycin was detected among all E. faecium isolates from hospitals C and D. 87.32% of E. faecium presented high-level aminoglycoside-resistant (HLAR) phenotype, including 78.33% of strains from hospital C and 100% from hospital D. In hospital C (98.3%) and D (96%), resistance to ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and norfloxacin was observed. Gene esp was detected in all E. faecium isolates and the majority of E. faecium isolates carried hyl (97%). In E. faecalis, different combinations of virulence genes were detected. All analyzed E. faecium strains showed the presence of IS16 insertion element. CONCLUSIONS E. faecalis isolates were more susceptible to antimicrobials than E. faecium, which were largely multidrug-resistant. E. faecalis strains have diverse virulence factors. E. faecium showed a high percentage of hyl and esp genes and the presence of IS16.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Talaga
- Department of Mycology, Chair of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | | | | | | | | | - Małgorzata Bulanda
- Department of Epidemiology of Infections, Chair of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Szczypta
- Department of Health and Medical Sciences, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, Poland
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Among medical staff, nurses are particularly vulnerable to occupational exposure since they provide direct patient care and perform medical activities which often involve using sharps. AIM The objective of the study was to examine the frequency of injuries and their causes in nursing. METHODS A diagnostic survey was employed using an original questionnaire. The study was carried out from 3rd March to 2nd April 2017. The study group comprised part-time nursing students. 107 respondents participating in the study worked in out-patient (28%) and in-patient (72%) healthcare. Most of the respondents were aged 41–50 (34.6%). RESULTS 61.7% of the respondents were injured at work. The injury reporting rate was: 19.7% always, 22.7% often, 30.3% rarely, and 27.3% never. The most commonly mentioned types of injuries included: prick (51.5%), cut (28.8%), scratch (10.6%), prick and cut (9.1%). The incidence of injuries varied. 48.5% of the studied people declared fewer than 5 incidents, 31.8% quoted 5–10 injuries, 6.1% recalled 11–20, 13.6% did not remember such a situation. For nurses with longer seniority, there is a significant increase in injuries (p=0.029). Sources of injuries were most often: injection needle (35.9%), ampoule with medicine (23.3%), pen (7.8%). CONCLUSIONS Not all occupational exposure cases are reported by nurses. Seniority determines injury incidence among nurses. The longer the seniority, the more common the injuries. The needle causes injuries most frequently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Jończyk
- Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences
| | - Anna Szczypta
- Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences
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Pomorska-Wesołowska M, Chmielarczyk A, Chlebowicz M, Ziółkowski G, Szczypta A, Natkaniec J, Romaniszyn D, Pobiega M, Dzikowska M, Krawczyk L, Kozioł J, Wójkowska-Mach J. Virulence and antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bloodstream infections and pneumonia in Southern Poland. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2017; 11:100-104. [PMID: 28754460 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Staphylococcus aureus remains the most important cause of infections in hospitals and long-term care facilities. The aim of this study was to analyse the resistance, virulence, and epidemiological and genetic relationships of S. aureus from bloodstream infections (BSIs) and pneumonia from patients in Southern Poland. METHODS All strains were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using the disk diffusion method. Etest was also performed for vancomycin, teicoplanin, tigecycline, oxacillin, cefoxitin and penicillin. PCR amplification was used to detect selected virulence genes. The genetic similarity of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates was determined by spa typing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Using the BURP algorithm and the Ridom SpaServer database, spa types were clustered into different clonal complexes (spa-CCs). RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS MRSA strains were observed at a prevalence of 26.7%, but 88.6% of hospital-acquired infections were MRSA, with no difference between BSIs and pneumonia. The highest resistance was observed to erythromycin and tobramycin. None of the strains were resistant to linezolid, glycopeptides or tigecycline. The strains had no significant virulence factors and the number of virulence genes present did not correlate with the degree of drug resistance. PFGE typing showed relatively high diversity of strains. The majority of isolates belonged to spa type t003 (CC5).
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Pomorska-Wesołowska
- Department of Microbiology, Analytical and Microbiological Laboratory of Ruda Slaska KORLAB NZOZ, Ruda Slaska, Poland
| | | | - Monika Chlebowicz
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Molecular Unit, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Anna Szczypta
- Faculty of Health and Medical Science, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna Natkaniec
- Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Dorota Romaniszyn
- Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Monika Pobiega
- Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Mirosława Dzikowska
- Department of Clinical Nursing, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Lech Krawczyk
- Higher School of Medicine in Sosnowiec, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Joanna Kozioł
- Poland Institute of Dentistry, Department of Dental Prophylaxis and Experimental Dentistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
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Chmielarczyk A, Pomorska-Wesołowska M, Szczypta A, Romaniszyn D, Pobiega M, Wójkowska-Mach J. Molecular analysis of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from different types of infections from patients hospitalized in 12 regional, non-teaching hospitals in southern Poland. J Hosp Infect 2017; 95:259-267. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2016.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Pomorska-Wesołowska M, Różańska A, Natkaniec J, Gryglewska B, Szczypta A, Dzikowska M, Chmielarczyk A, Wójkowska-Mach J. Longevity and gender as the risk factors of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in southern Poland. BMC Geriatr 2017; 17:51. [PMID: 28187785 PMCID: PMC5303243 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-017-0442-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The proportion of older people among the general population has risen. Staphylococcus aureus (SA) constitutes a significant problem. Underlying disease and functional debility, predispose the older adult to staphylococcal carriage and infection, specially bloodstream infection and pneumonia. METHODS This is a retrospective cohort study of older patients with SA infections. We analyzed a database containing the results of laboratory cultures from patients treated in 2013 for SA infections and selected 613 hospitalized and non-hospitalized people aged ≥60 years. RESULTS The prevalence of Methicillin-resistant SA (MRSA) were significantly different in categories of patients: from 14.1% in young old, 19.5% in old old and 26.7 in longevity. MRSA was significantly more frequently reported in cases of pneumonia, 40.4% of SA strains (p < 0.0001, OR 0.3, 95%CI 0.14-0.49). The nosocomial MRSA infections were more common in ICU departments: prevalence 36.8%, than in non-ICU departments: prevalence 17.3% (OR 2.8, 95%CI 1.06-7.34, p = 0.014). Bloodstream infections, which accounted for 6% of all infections, were more frequent in males (p = 0.0231, OR 2.25, 95%CI 1.098-4.604). The greatest increase in antibiotic resistance was related to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SXT), which increased to over 80% in the older study groups. All age groups demonstrated increased MIC90 values for glycopeptide and tigecycline. Although strains isolated from patients in all age groups remained sensitive to vancomycin, strains isolated from patients in the old-old and longevity groups demonstrated resistance to teicoplanin. The MIC90 for tigecycline was the highest in the group aged >90 years. CONCLUSIONS MRSA constitutes a significant epidemiological problem in cases of hospital-treated pneumonia. The findings were similar for long-term-care facilities, where MRSA appears to affect male residents in particular, although there were fewer male residents than female residents. The low sensitivity to TMP/SXT of SA strains isolated from the oldest patients indicates potentially serious challenges pertaining to efficacious treatment of SA infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Pomorska-Wesołowska
- Department of Microbiology, Analytical and Microbiological Laboratory of Ruda Slaska, KORLAB NZOZ, Ruda Slaska, Poland
| | - Anna Różańska
- Chair of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 18 Czysta Street, 31-121, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Joanna Natkaniec
- Chair of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 18 Czysta Street, 31-121, Krakow, Poland
| | - Barbara Gryglewska
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gerontology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Szczypta
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Andrzej Frycz-Modrzewski Krakow University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Mirosława Dzikowska
- Department of Clinical Nursing Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Chmielarczyk
- Chair of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 18 Czysta Street, 31-121, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jadwiga Wójkowska-Mach
- Chair of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 18 Czysta Street, 31-121, Krakow, Poland
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Pomorska-Wesolowska M, Malyzek K, Romaniszyn D, Pobiega M, Szczypta A, Dzikowska M, Chmielarczyk A, Różańska A, Maciąg J, Wójkowska-Mach J. [Molecular characterization of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from surgical site infections of patients in southern Poland]. Med Dosw Mikrobiol 2017; 69:15-25. [PMID: 30351621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of the study was a molecular characterization of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from surgical site infections (SSIs) from patients in southern Poland, undergoing different surgical procedures, together with evaluation of the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance and the presence of virulence factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this laboratory-based, multicenter study, non-repetitive 162 samples from SSI were collected from hospitalized patients (12 hospitals, n=139) or outpatients (n=23) in southern Poland between January 1 and December 31, 2013. In all S. aureus isolates, we investigated antimicrobial susceptibility, the presence of selected virulence genes (lukE, pvl, tsst-l and eta), and also conducted spa typing. RESULTS Patients with SSI had a median age of 61 years; 54.9% were male. Prevalence of MRSA (29 strains, 17.9%) SSI per surgery type was 8.7% in orthopaedic, 17.7% in general and 42.9% in vascular surgery. Over 20% of strains were resistant for erythromycin (27.2%), clindamycin (23.5%). No resistance was found for linezolid, glycopeptides or tigecycline. Gene of Leukocidin (lukE) was the most frequently found gene. Spa typing identified 10 spa types; the two dominant types were t003 (41.4%) and t138(17.2%). CONCLUSIONS The results show that after vascular surgery, there was an unexpectedly high prevalence of MRSA in SSIs in southern Poland. Conversely, the prevalence of MRSA was unexpectedly low following orthopaedics procedures. The surprisingly observation was the low virulence of the S. aureus strains among older patients.
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Pobiega M, Myjak I, Pomorska-Wesolowska M, Romaniszyn D, Ziólkowski G, Chmielarczyk A, Maciag J, Szczypta A, Wojkowska-Mach J. Virulence Potential of Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated from Diabetic Foot Ulcers Among Patients from Southern Poland. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2016; 14:547-551. [DOI: 10.2174/1570161114666160625083742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Szczypta A, Talaga K, Bulanda M. Nursing care for patients infected or colonized with vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE). Folia Med Cracov 2016; 56:13-20. [PMID: 28325949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Advances in medicine enable many patients to regain their health. But, at the same time, they become susceptible to hospital-acquired infections. The occurrence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci is a considerable problem in the modern health system. In order to limit the risk of VRE infection, proper patient care is vital, which is focused on compliance with relevant procedures (isolation, decontamination, education). Mutual cooperation between charge nurses and the ward sister and epidemiological nurse plays a major role in nursing surveillance of patients with VRE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Szczypta
- Department of Health and Medical Sciences, Andrzej Frycz-Modrzewski Kraków University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Talaga
- Department of Mycology, Chair of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta 18, Kraków, Poland.
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Szczypta A, Różańska A, Bulanda M. Analysis of occupational exposure of healthcare workers in the years 1998–2013 for bloodborne pathogens on the example of the hospital of the surgical profile. Med Pr 2015. [DOI: 10.13075/mp.5893.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Szczypta A, Różańska A, Bulanda M. [Analysis of occupational exposure of healthcare workers in the years 1998-2013 for bloodborne pathogens on the example of the hospital of the surgical profile]. Med Pr 2014; 65:723-732. [PMID: 25902690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To analyze occupational exposures to blood-borne pathogens among workers of a 130-bed hospital of surgical profile in the Małopolska province. MATERIAL AND METHODS All cases of occupational exposure recorded in the hospital in the years 1998-2013 were analyzed, taking into account exposure rates (no. of incidents / no. of exposed workers x100%) and the frequency, circumstances, professional groups, hospital staff, the place of rendered services and type of exposure. RESULTS Average rates of exposure for all workers, regardless of the wards, ranged in different years from 4.3% (2006) to 12.6% (2013), and the average value in the whole period was 7.3% (±2.39).The majority of exposure cases were reported among nurses - 67.8%, followed by physicians - 29.7%, the lowest number of cases was found among other employees - 1.5%.TIhe proportion of injuries in the years 1998-2013 did not show a significant decreasing trend (p = 0.356). Among physicians there was a significant trend of an exponential character (p = 0.002). Among other workers no significant change was observed in the period under consideration. Over the analyzed period the distribution of exposure showed a downward trend for nurses (p = 0.001) and upward trend for physicians (p < 0.001). There was a significant downward trend in the percentage of needle-sticks, and an upward trend in exposures during surgery. CONCLUSIONS The reported trends were linked with the recent introduction of safe equipment and the increased number of surgeons' reports on exposure incidents. Due to differences between health care units there is a necessity to keep reliable records of exposure by individual units.
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Wójkowska-Mach J, Bulanda M, Cencora A, Jawień A, Szczypta A, Rózańska A, Romaniszyn D, Heczko PB. [Surgical site infections following vascular surgery]. Przegl Epidemiol 2007; 61:683-691. [PMID: 18572500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this paper was to perform epidemiological and microbiological analyses of surgical site infections diagnosed in patients after vascular surgery in two highly specialist centers in the year 2005. METHODS The study was conducted in two highly specialist wards in 2005 and covered totally 413 procedures. SSI's detection was based on definitions developed according to CDC guidelines. Post-discharge detection was included in the study. Collected data enabled evaluation of incidence rates and, additionally, in one hospital, assessing detailed rates included standardized SSI risk index. MAIN OBSERVATIONS Patients underwent analyzed procedures was mainly male (80%), aged 60 and more. In hospital I SSI incidence rate reached 2,6% and in the other (hospital II)--5,6%. Among the etiological factors isolated from patients with SSI staphylococci were the most common (45,5%) and it was mainly Staphylococcus aureus. CONCLUSIONS The study which was performed showed the incidence of SSIs in patients undergoing vascular surgery at the level of 2.6 and 5.6%. It was shown that it is possible to introduce an effective post-discharge surveillance, which encompassed 50-66% diagnosed cases of SSI.
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