1
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Cremer T, Hoelen H, van de Weijer ML, Janssen GM, Costa AI, van Veelen PA, Lebbink RJ, Wiertz EJHJ. Proinsulin degradation and presentation of a proinsulin B-chain autoantigen involves ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD)-enzyme UBE2G2. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0287877. [PMID: 38787820 PMCID: PMC11125532 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is characterized by HLA class I-mediated presentation of autoantigens on the surface of pancreatic β-cells. Recognition of these autoantigens by CD8+ T cells results in the destruction of pancreatic β-cells and, consequently, insulin deficiency. Most epitopes presented at the surface of β-cells derive from the insulin precursor molecule proinsulin. The intracellular processing pathway(s) involved in the generation of these peptides are poorly defined. In this study, we show that a proinsulin B-chain antigen (PPIB5-14) originates from proinsulin molecules that are processed by ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD) and thus originate from ER-resident proteins. Furthermore, screening genes encoding for E2 ubiquitin conjugating enzymes, we identified UBE2G2 to be involved in proinsulin degradation and subsequent presentation of the PPIB10-18 autoantigen. These insights into the pathway involved in the generation of insulin-derived peptides emphasize the importance of proinsulin processing in the ER to T1D pathogenesis and identify novel targets for future T1D therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Cremer
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hanneke Hoelen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - George M. Janssen
- Department of Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ana I. Costa
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter A. van Veelen
- Department of Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Jan Lebbink
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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2
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Moghadam RK, Daraei A, Haddadi M, Mardi A, Karamali N, Rezaiemanesh A. Casting Light on the Janus-Faced HMG-CoA Reductase Degradation Protein 1: A Comprehensive Review of Its Dualistic Impact on Apoptosis in Various Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-03994-z. [PMID: 38356096 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-03994-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Nowadays, it is well recognized that apoptosis, as a highly regulated cellular process, plays a crucial role in various biological processes, such as cell differentiation. Dysregulation of apoptosis is strongly implicated in the pathophysiology of numerous disorders, making it essential to comprehend its underlying mechanisms. One key factor that has garnered significant attention in the regulation of apoptotic pathways is HMG-CoA reductase degradation protein 1, also known as HRD1. HRD1 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. Its primary role involves maintaining the quality control of ER proteins by facilitating the ER-associated degradation (ERAD) pathway. During ER stress, HRD1 aids in the elimination of misfolded proteins that accumulate within the ER. Therefore, HRD1 plays a pivotal role in the regulation of apoptotic pathways and maintenance of ER protein quality control. By targeting specific protein substrates and affecting apoptosis-related pathways, HRD1 could be an exclusive therapeutic target in different disorders. Dysregulation of HRD1-mediated processes contributes significantly to the pathophysiology of various diseases. The purpose of this review is to assess the effect of HRD1 on the pathways related to apoptosis in various diseases from a therapeutic perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reihaneh Khaleghi Moghadam
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Daneshgah Street, Shahid Shiroudi Boulevard, PO-Box: 6714869914, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Arshia Daraei
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Daneshgah Street, Shahid Shiroudi Boulevard, PO-Box: 6714869914, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Maryam Haddadi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Daneshgah Street, Shahid Shiroudi Boulevard, PO-Box: 6714869914, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Mardi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Negin Karamali
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Alireza Rezaiemanesh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Daneshgah Street, Shahid Shiroudi Boulevard, PO-Box: 6714869914, Kermanshah, Iran.
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3
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Robinson CM, Duggan A, Forrester A. ER exit in physiology and disease. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1352970. [PMID: 38314136 PMCID: PMC10835805 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1352970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The biosynthetic secretory pathway is comprised of multiple steps, modifications and interactions that form a highly precise pathway of protein trafficking and secretion, that is essential for eukaryotic life. The general outline of this pathway is understood, however the specific mechanisms are still unclear. In the last 15 years there have been vast advancements in technology that enable us to advance our understanding of this complex and subtle pathway. Therefore, based on the strong foundation of work performed over the last 40 years, we can now build another level of understanding, using the new technologies available. The biosynthetic secretory pathway is a high precision process, that involves a number of tightly regulated steps: Protein folding and quality control, cargo selection for Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) exit, Golgi trafficking, sorting and secretion. When deregulated it causes severe diseases that here we categorise into three main groups of aberrant secretion: decreased, excess and altered secretion. Each of these categories disrupts organ homeostasis differently, effecting extracellular matrix composition, changing signalling events, or damaging the secretory cells due to aberrant intracellular accumulation of secretory proteins. Diseases of aberrant secretion are very common, but despite this, there are few effective therapies. Here we describe ER exit sites (ERES) as key hubs for regulation of the secretory pathway, protein quality control and an integratory hub for signalling within the cell. This review also describes the challenges that will be faced in developing effective therapies, due to the specificity required of potential drug candidates and the crucial need to respect the fine equilibrium of the pathway. The development of novel tools is moving forward, and we can also use these tools to build our understanding of the acute regulation of ERES and protein trafficking. Here we review ERES regulation in context as a therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire M Robinson
- School of Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aislinn Duggan
- School of Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alison Forrester
- Research Unit of Cell Biology (URBC), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
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4
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Xu X, Arunagiri A, Alam M, Haataja L, Evans CR, Zhao I, Castro-Gutierrez R, Russ HA, Demangel C, Qi L, Tsai B, Liu M, Arvan P. Nutrient-dependent regulation of β-cell proinsulin content. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104836. [PMID: 37209827 PMCID: PMC10302188 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin is made from proinsulin, but the extent to which fasting/feeding controls the homeostatically regulated proinsulin pool in pancreatic β-cells remains largely unknown. Here, we first examined β-cell lines (INS1E and Min6, which proliferate slowly and are routinely fed fresh medium every 2-3 days) and found that the proinsulin pool size responds to each feeding within 1 to 2 h, affected both by the quantity of fresh nutrients and the frequency with which they are provided. We observed no effect of nutrient feeding on the overall rate of proinsulin turnover as quantified from cycloheximide-chase experiments. We show that nutrient feeding is primarily linked to rapid dephosphorylation of translation initiation factor eIF2α, presaging increased proinsulin levels (and thereafter, insulin levels), followed by its rephosphorylation during the ensuing hours that correspond to a fall in proinsulin levels. The decline of proinsulin levels is blunted by the integrated stress response inhibitor, ISRIB, or by inhibition of eIF2α rephosphorylation with a general control nonderepressible 2 (not PERK) kinase inhibitor. In addition, we demonstrate that amino acids contribute importantly to the proinsulin pool; mass spectrometry shows that β-cells avidly consume extracellular glutamine, serine, and cysteine. Finally, we show that in both rodent and human pancreatic islets, fresh nutrient availability dynamically increases preproinsulin, which can be quantified without pulse-labeling. Thus, the proinsulin available for insulin biosynthesis is rhythmically controlled by fasting/feeding cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxi Xu
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Anoop Arunagiri
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Maroof Alam
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Leena Haataja
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Charles R Evans
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ivy Zhao
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Roberto Castro-Gutierrez
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Diabetes Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Holger A Russ
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Diabetes Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Caroline Demangel
- Immunobiology and Therapy Unit, Institut Pasteur, Inserm U1224, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Ling Qi
- Departments of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Billy Tsai
- Departments of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
| | - Peter Arvan
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Departments of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
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5
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Erzurumlu Y, Muhammed MT. Triiodothyronine positively regulates endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) and promotes androgenic signaling in androgen-dependent prostate cancer cells. Cell Signal 2023:110745. [PMID: 37271348 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (THs) play crucial roles in numerous physiological processes of nearly all mammalian tissues, including differentiation and metabolism. Deterioration of TH signaling has been associated with several pathologies, including cancer. The effect of highly active triiodothyronine (T3) has been investigated in many in vivo and in vitro cancer models. However, the role of T3 on cancerous prostate tissue is controversial. Recent studies have focused on the characterization of the supportive roles of the endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) and unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling in prostate cancer (PCa) and investigating new hormonal regulation patterns, including estrogen, progesterone and 1,25(OH)2D3. Additionally, androgenic signaling controlled by androgens, which are critical in PCa progression, has been shown to be regulated by other steroid hormones. While the effects of T3 on ERAD and UPR are unknown today, the impact on androgenic signaling is still not understood in PCa. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the molecular action of T3 on the ERAD mechanism and UPR signaling in PCa cells and also extensively examined the effect of T3 on androgenic signaling. Our data strongly indicated that T3 tightly regulates ERAD and UPR signaling in androgen-dependent PCa cells. We also found that T3 stimulates androgenic signaling by upregulating AR mRNA and protein levels and enhancing its nuclear translocation. Additionally, advanced computational studies supported the ligand binding effect of T3 on AR protein. Our data suggest that targeting thyroidal signaling should be considered in therapeutic approaches to be developed for prostate malignancy in addition to other steroidal regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalcin Erzurumlu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suleyman Demirel University, 32260, Turkey.
| | - Muhammed Tilahun Muhammed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suleyman Demirel University, 32260 Isparta, Turkey.
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6
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Bhaduri S, Scott NA, Neal SE. The Role of the Rhomboid Superfamily in ER Protein Quality Control: From Mechanisms and Functions to Diseases. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2023; 15:a041248. [PMID: 35940905 PMCID: PMC9899648 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an essential organelle in eukaryotic cells and is a major site for protein folding, modification, and lipid synthesis. Perturbations within the ER, such as protein misfolding and high demand for protein folding, lead to dysregulation of the ER protein quality control network and ER stress. Recently, the rhomboid superfamily has emerged as a critical player in ER protein quality control because it has diverse cellular functions, including ER-associated degradation (ERAD), endosome Golgi-associated degradation (EGAD), and ER preemptive quality control (ERpQC). This breadth of function both illustrates the importance of the rhomboid superfamily in health and diseases and emphasizes the necessity of understanding their mechanisms of action. Because dysregulation of rhomboid proteins has been implicated in various diseases, such as neurological disorders and cancers, they represent promising potential therapeutic drug targets. This review provides a comprehensive account of the various roles of rhomboid proteins in the context of ER protein quality control and discusses their significance in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satarupa Bhaduri
- School of Biological Sciences, the Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Nicola A Scott
- School of Biological Sciences, the Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Sonya E Neal
- School of Biological Sciences, the Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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7
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Kandel R, Jung J, Syau D, Kuo T, Songster L, Horn C, Chapman C, Aguayo A, Duttke S, Benner C, Neal SE. Yeast derlin Dfm1 employs a chaperone-like function to resolve misfolded membrane protein stress. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3001950. [PMID: 36689475 PMCID: PMC9894555 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein aggregates are a common feature of diseased and aged cells. Membrane proteins comprise a quarter of the proteome, and yet, it is not well understood how aggregation of membrane proteins is regulated and what effects these aggregates can have on cellular health. We have determined in yeast that the derlin Dfm1 has a chaperone-like activity that influences misfolded membrane protein aggregation. We establish that this function of Dfm1 does not require recruitment of the ATPase Cdc48 and it is distinct from Dfm1's previously identified function in dislocating misfolded membrane proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the cytosol for degradation. Additionally, we assess the cellular impacts of misfolded membrane proteins in the absence of Dfm1 and determine that misfolded membrane proteins are toxic to cells in the absence of Dfm1 and cause disruptions to proteasomal and ubiquitin homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Kandel
- Division of Biological Sciences, the Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Jasmine Jung
- Division of Biological Sciences, the Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Della Syau
- Division of Biological Sciences, the Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Tiffany Kuo
- Division of Biological Sciences, the Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Livia Songster
- Division of Biological Sciences, the Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Casey Horn
- Division of Biological Sciences, the Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Claire Chapman
- Division of Biological Sciences, the Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Analine Aguayo
- Division of Biological Sciences, the Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Sascha Duttke
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Christopher Benner
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Sonya E. Neal
- Division of Biological Sciences, the Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
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8
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Xu X, Arunagiri A, Haataja L, Alam M, Ji S, Qi L, Tsai B, Liu M, Arvan P. Proteasomal degradation of wild-type proinsulin in pancreatic beta cells. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102406. [PMID: 35988641 PMCID: PMC9486123 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Preproinsulin entry into the endoplasmic reticulum yields proinsulin, and its subsequent delivery to the distal secretory pathway leads to processing, storage, and secretion of mature insulin. Multiple groups have reported that treatment of pancreatic beta cell lines, rodent pancreatic islets, or human islets with proteasome inhibitors leads to diminished proinsulin and insulin protein levels, diminished glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, and changes in beta-cell gene expression that ultimately lead to beta-cell death. However, these studies have mostly examined treatment times far beyond that needed to achieve acute proteasomal inhibition. Here, we report that although proteasomal inhibition immediately downregulates new proinsulin biosynthesis, it nevertheless acutely increases beta-cell proinsulin levels in pancreatic beta cell lines, rodent pancreatic islets, and human islets, indicating rescue of a pool of recently synthesized WT INS gene product that would otherwise be routed to proteasomal disposal. Our pharmacological evidence suggests that this disposal most likely reflects ongoing endoplasmic reticulum–associated protein degradation. However, we found that within 60 min after proteasomal inhibition, intracellular proinsulin levels begin to fall in conjunction with increased phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 alpha, which can be inhibited by blocking the general control nonderepressible 2 kinase. Together, these data demonstrate that a meaningful subfraction of newly synthesized INS gene product undergoes rapid proteasomal disposal. We propose that free amino acids derived from proteasomal proteolysis may potentially participate in suppressing general control nonderepressible 2 kinase activity to maintain ongoing proinsulin biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxi Xu
- The Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48105; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China 300052
| | - Anoop Arunagiri
- The Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48105
| | - Leena Haataja
- The Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48105
| | - Maroof Alam
- The Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48105
| | - Shuhui Ji
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China 300052
| | - Ling Qi
- Departments of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Billy Tsai
- Departments of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China 300052.
| | - Peter Arvan
- The Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48105.
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9
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Chen CW, Guan BJ, Alzahrani MR, Gao Z, Gao L, Bracey S, Wu J, Mbow CA, Jobava R, Haataja L, Zalavadia AH, Schaffer AE, Lee H, LaFramboise T, Bederman I, Arvan P, Mathews CE, Gerling IC, Kaestner KH, Tirosh B, Engin F, Hatzoglou M. Adaptation to chronic ER stress enforces pancreatic β-cell plasticity. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4621. [PMID: 35941159 PMCID: PMC9360004 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32425-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic β-cells are prone to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress due to their role in insulin secretion. They require sustainable and efficient adaptive stress responses to cope with this stress. Whether episodes of chronic stress directly compromise β-cell identity is unknown. We show here under reversible, chronic stress conditions β-cells undergo transcriptional and translational reprogramming associated with impaired expression of regulators of β-cell function and identity. Upon recovery from stress, β-cells regain their identity and function, indicating a high degree of adaptive plasticity. Remarkably, while β-cells show resilience to episodic ER stress, when episodes exceed a threshold, β-cell identity is gradually lost. Single cell RNA-sequencing analysis of islets from type 1 diabetes patients indicates severe deregulation of the chronic stress-adaptation program and reveals novel biomarkers of diabetes progression. Our results suggest β-cell adaptive exhaustion contributes to diabetes pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Wen Chen
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
| | - Bo-Jhih Guan
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Mohammed R Alzahrani
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Zhaofeng Gao
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Long Gao
- Department of Genetics and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Syrena Bracey
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Cheikh A Mbow
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Raul Jobava
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Leena Haataja
- The Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Ajay H Zalavadia
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9620 Carnegie Ave N Bldg, Cleveland, OH, 44106, US
| | - Ashleigh E Schaffer
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Hugo Lee
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Thomas LaFramboise
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Ilya Bederman
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Peter Arvan
- The Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Clayton E Mathews
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, US
| | - Ivan C Gerling
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN, US
| | - Klaus H Kaestner
- Department of Genetics and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Boaz Tirosh
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
- The Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Feyza Engin
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
| | - Maria Hatzoglou
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
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10
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Karamali N, Ebrahimnezhad S, Khaleghi Moghadam R, Daneshfar N, Rezaiemanesh A. HRD1 in human malignant neoplasms: Molecular mechanisms and novel therapeutic strategy for cancer. Life Sci 2022; 301:120620. [PMID: 35533759 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In tumor cells, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) plays an essential role in maintaining cellular proteostasis by stimulating unfolded protein response (UPR) underlying stress conditions. ER-associated degradation (ERAD) is a critical pathway of the UPR to protect cells from ER stress-induced apoptosis and the elimination of unfolded or misfolded proteins by the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl reductase degradation (HRD1) as an E3 ubiquitin ligase plays an essential role in the ubiquitination and dislocation of misfolded protein in ERAD. In addition, HRD1 can target other normal folded proteins. In various types of cancer, the expression of HRD1 is dysregulated, and it targets different molecules to develop cancer hallmarks or suppress the progression of the disease. Recent investigations have defined the role of HRD1 in drug resistance in types of cancer. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms of HRD1 and its roles in cancer pathogenesis and discusses the worthiness of targeting HRD1 as a novel therapeutic strategy in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negin Karamali
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Samaneh Ebrahimnezhad
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Reihaneh Khaleghi Moghadam
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Niloofar Daneshfar
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Alireza Rezaiemanesh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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11
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Dong JY, Xia KJ, Liang W, Liu LL, Yang F, Fang XS, Xiong YJ, Wang L, Zhou ZJ, Li CY, Zhang WD, Wang JY, Chen DP. Ginsenoside Rb1 alleviates colitis in mice via activation of endoplasmic reticulum-resident E3 ubiquitin ligase Hrd1 signaling pathway. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:1461-1471. [PMID: 33268823 PMCID: PMC8379258 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-00561-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis is regulated by ER-resident E3 ubiquitin ligase Hrd1, which has been implicated in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Ginsenoside Rb1 (GRb1) is the major ginsenoside in ginseng with multiple pharmacological activities. In this study we investigated the role of Hrd1 in IBD and its regulation by GRb1. Two mouse colitis models were established to mimic human IBD: drinking water containing dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) as well as intra-colonic infusion of 2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS). Colitis mice were treated with GRb1 (20, 40 mg·kg-1·d-1, ig) or a positive control drug sulfasalazine (500 mg·kg-1·d-1, ig) for 7 days. The model mice showed typical colitis symptoms and pathological changes in colon tissue. In addition to significant inflammatory responses and cell apoptosis in colon tissue, colon epithelial expression of Hrd1 was significantly decreased, the expression of ER stress markers GRP78, PERK, CHOP, and caspase 12 was increased, and the expression of Fas was increased (Fas was removed by Hrd1-induced ubiquitination). These changes were partially, or completely, reversed by GRb1 administration, whereas injection of Hrd1 inhibitor LS102 (50 mg·kg-1· d-1, ip, for 6 days) exacerbated colitis symptoms in colitis mice. GRb1 administration not only normalized Hrd1 expression at both the mRNA and protein levels, but also alleviated the ER stress response, Fas-related apoptosis, and other colitis symptoms. In intestinal cell line IEC-6, the expression of Hrd1 was significantly decreased by LPS treatment, but was normalized by GRb1 (200 μM). GRb1 alleviated LPS-induced ER stress and cell apoptosis in IEC-6 cells, and GRb1 action was inhibited by knockdown of Hrd1 using small interfering RNA. In summary, these results reveal a pathological role of Hrd1 in colitis, and provide a novel insight into alternative treatment of colitis using GRb1 activating Hrd1 signaling pathway.
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12
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Liu M, Huang Y, Xu X, Li X, Alam M, Arunagiri A, Haataja L, Ding L, Wang S, Itkin-Ansari P, Kaufman RJ, Tsai B, Qi L, Arvan P. Normal and defective pathways in biogenesis and maintenance of the insulin storage pool. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:142240. [PMID: 33463547 PMCID: PMC7810482 DOI: 10.1172/jci142240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Both basal and glucose-stimulated insulin release occur primarily by insulin secretory granule exocytosis from pancreatic β cells, and both are needed to maintain normoglycemia. Loss of insulin-secreting β cells, accompanied by abnormal glucose tolerance, may involve simple exhaustion of insulin reserves (which, by immunostaining, appears as a loss of β cell identity), or β cell dedifferentiation, or β cell death. While various sensing and signaling defects can result in diminished insulin secretion, somewhat less attention has been paid to diabetes risk caused by insufficiency in the biosynthetic generation and maintenance of the total insulin granule storage pool. This Review offers an overview of insulin biosynthesis, beginning with the preproinsulin mRNA (translation and translocation into the ER), proinsulin folding and export from the ER, and delivery via the Golgi complex to secretory granules for conversion to insulin and ultimate hormone storage. All of these steps are needed for generation and maintenance of the total insulin granule pool, and defects in any of these steps may, weakly or strongly, perturb glycemic control. The foregoing considerations have obvious potential relevance to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and some forms of monogenic diabetes; conceivably, several of these concepts might also have implications for β cell failure in type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yumeng Huang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Xiaoxi Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Maroof Alam
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Anoop Arunagiri
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Leena Haataja
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Li Ding
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shusen Wang
- Organ Transplant Center, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Randal J. Kaufman
- Degenerative Diseases Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Billy Tsai
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, and
| | - Ling Qi
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Peter Arvan
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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13
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Ninagawa S, George G, Mori K. Mechanisms of productive folding and endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation of glycoproteins and non-glycoproteins. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1865:129812. [PMID: 33316349 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The quality of proteins destined for the secretory pathway is ensured by two distinct mechanisms in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER): productive folding of newly synthesized proteins, which is assisted by ER-localized molecular chaperones and in most cases also by disulfide bond formation and transfer of an oligosaccharide unit; and ER-associated degradation (ERAD), in which proteins unfolded or misfolded in the ER are recognized and processed for delivery to the ER membrane complex, retrotranslocated through the complex with simultaneous ubiquitination, extracted by AAA-ATPase to the cytosol, and finally degraded by the proteasome. SCOPE OF REVIEW We describe the mechanisms of productive folding and ERAD, with particular attention to glycoproteins versus non-glycoproteins, and to yeast versus mammalian systems. MAJOR CONCLUSION Molecular mechanisms of the productive folding of glycoproteins and non-glycoproteins mediated by molecular chaperones and protein disulfide isomerases are well conserved from yeast to mammals. Additionally, mammals have gained an oligosaccharide structure-dependent folding cycle for glycoproteins. The molecular mechanisms of ERAD are also well conserved from yeast to mammals, but redundant expression of yeast orthologues in mammals has been encountered, particularly for components involved in recognition and processing of glycoproteins and components of the ER membrane complex involved in retrotranslocation and simultaneous ubiquitination of glycoproteins and non-glycoproteins. This may reflect an evolutionary consequence of increasing quantity or quality needs toward mammals. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The introduction of innovative genome editing technology into analysis of the mechanisms of mammalian ERAD, as exemplified here, will provide new insights into the pathogenesis of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Ninagawa
- Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
| | - Ginto George
- Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Mori
- Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
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14
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Shrestha N, Reinert RB, Qi L. Endoplasmic Reticulum Protein Quality Control in β Cells. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 103:59-67. [PMID: 32402517 PMCID: PMC7321887 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 and type 2 diabetes are associated with loss of β cell function. Optimal β cell function is linked to protein homeostasis in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Here, we review the roles of ER protein quality-control mechanisms, including the unfolded protein response (UPR), autophagy (specifically ER-phagy) and ER-associated degradation (ERAD), in β cells. We propose that different quality control mechanisms may control different aspects of β cell biology (i.e. function, survival, and identity), thereby contributing to disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Shrestha
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Rachel B Reinert
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Ling Qi
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA; Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.
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15
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Khilji MS, Bresson SE, Verstappen D, Pihl C, Andersen PAK, Agergaard JB, Dahlby T, Bryde TH, Klindt K, Nielsen CK, Walentinsson A, Zivkovic D, Bousquet MP, Tyrberg B, Richardson SJ, Morgan NG, Mandrup-Poulsen T, Marzec MT. The inducible β5i proteasome subunit contributes to proinsulin degradation in GRP94-deficient β-cells and is overexpressed in type 2 diabetes pancreatic islets. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 318:E892-E900. [PMID: 32255680 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00372.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Proinsulin is a misfolding-prone protein, and its efficient breakdown is critical when β-cells are confronted with high-insulin biosynthetic demands, to prevent endoplasmic reticulum stress, a key trigger of secretory dysfunction and, if uncompensated, apoptosis. Proinsulin degradation is thought to be performed by the constitutively expressed standard proteasome, while the roles of other proteasomes are unknown. We recently demonstrated that deficiency of the proinsulin chaperone glucose-regulated protein 94 (GRP94) causes impaired proinsulin handling and defective insulin secretion associated with a compensated endoplasmic reticulum stress response. Taking advantage of this model of restricted folding capacity, we investigated the role of different proteasomes in proinsulin degradation, reasoning that insulin secretory dynamics require an inducible protein degradation system. We show that the expression of only one enzymatically active proteasome subunit, namely, the inducible β5i-subunit, was increased in GRP94 CRISPR/Cas9 knockout (KO) cells. Additionally, the level of β5i-containing intermediate proteasomes was significantly increased in these cells, as was β5i-related chymotrypsin-like activity. Moreover, proinsulin levels were restored in GRP94 KO upon β5i small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown. Finally, the fraction of β-cells expressing the β5i-subunit is increased in human islets from type 2 diabetes patients. We conclude that β5i is an inducible proteasome subunit dedicated to the degradation of mishandled proinsulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saad Khilji
- Laboratory of Immuno-endocrinology, Inflammation, Metabolism, and Oxidation Section, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sophie Emilie Bresson
- Laboratory of Immuno-endocrinology, Inflammation, Metabolism, and Oxidation Section, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Danielle Verstappen
- Laboratory of Immuno-endocrinology, Inflammation, Metabolism, and Oxidation Section, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Radboud Universiteit, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Celina Pihl
- Laboratory of Immuno-endocrinology, Inflammation, Metabolism, and Oxidation Section, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Phillip Alexander Keller Andersen
- Laboratory of Immuno-endocrinology, Inflammation, Metabolism, and Oxidation Section, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jette Bach Agergaard
- Laboratory of Immuno-endocrinology, Inflammation, Metabolism, and Oxidation Section, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tina Dahlby
- Laboratory of Immuno-endocrinology, Inflammation, Metabolism, and Oxidation Section, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tenna Holgersen Bryde
- Laboratory of Immuno-endocrinology, Inflammation, Metabolism, and Oxidation Section, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristian Klindt
- Laboratory of Immuno-endocrinology, Inflammation, Metabolism, and Oxidation Section, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Kronborg Nielsen
- Laboratory of Immuno-endocrinology, Inflammation, Metabolism, and Oxidation Section, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna Walentinsson
- Translational Science and Experimental Medicine, Early Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Dusan Zivkovic
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Bousquet
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Björn Tyrberg
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sarah J Richardson
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Noel G Morgan
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Mandrup-Poulsen
- Laboratory of Immuno-endocrinology, Inflammation, Metabolism, and Oxidation Section, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michal Tomasz Marzec
- Laboratory of Immuno-endocrinology, Inflammation, Metabolism, and Oxidation Section, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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16
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Thomaidou S, Zaldumbide A, Roep BO. Islet stress, degradation and autoimmunity. Diabetes Obes Metab 2018; 20 Suppl 2:88-94. [PMID: 30230178 PMCID: PMC6174957 DOI: 10.1111/dom.13387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
β-cell destruction in type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from the effect of inflammation and autoimmunity. In response to inflammatory signals, islet cells engage adaptive mechanisms to restore and maintain cellular homeostasis. Among these mechanisms, the unfolded protein response (UPR) leads to a reduction of the general protein translation rate, increased production of endoplasmic reticulum chaperones and the initiation of degradation by activation of the ER associated degradation pathway (ERAD) in which newly synthetized proteins are ubiquitinylated and processed through the proteasome. This adaptive phase is also believed to play a critical role in the development of autoimmunity by the generation of neoantigens. While we have previously investigated the effect of stress on transcription, translation and post-translational events as possible source for neoantigens, the participation of the degradation machinery, yet crucial in the generation of antigenic peptides, remains to be investigated in the context of T1D pathology. In this review, we will describe the relation between the unfolded protein response and the Ubiquitin Proteasome System (UPS) and address the role of the cellular degradation machinery in the generation of antigens. Learning from tumour immunology, we propose how these processes may unmask β-cells by triggering the generation of aberrant peptides recognized by the immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Thomaidou
- Department of Cell and Chemical BiologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Arnaud Zaldumbide
- Department of Cell and Chemical BiologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Bart O. Roep
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood bank Leiden University Medical CenterLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
- Department of Diabetes ImmunologyDiabetes & Metabolism Research Institute at the Beckman Research InstituteDuarteCalifornia
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17
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Abstract
PURPOSE A large number of studies has investigated proopiomelanocortin processing in anterior pituitary corticotropes but little is known on proopiomelanocortin/ACTH degradation within these cells. The ubiquitin-proteasome system is an intracellular protein degradation pathway which has garnered considerable interest in recent times, given its role in maintenance of protein homeostasis. Aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of the ubiquitin-proteasome system in proopiomelanocortin/ACTH turnover in pituitary corticotropes. METHODS Rat anterior pituitary primary cultures were treated with 0.01-100 nM MG132, a proteasome inhibitor, or 0.1-100 nM K48R, an inhibitor of polyubiquitylation, for 4 and 24 h and ACTH concentrations in medium and cell lysates estimated by immunometric assay. Co-immunoprecipitation for ubiquitin and ACTH was carried out to establish ubiquitin-tagged protein products. RESULTS Inhibition of proteasome-mediated degradation with MG132 lead to an increase in ACTH concentrations, both as regards secretion and cell content. Likewise, inhibition of polyubiquitylation was associated with increased ACTH secretion and cell content. Ubiquitin/ACTH co-immunoprecipitation revealed that proopiomelanocortin was a target of ubiquitylation. CONCLUSIONS We provide the first evidence that the ubiquitin-proteasome system is involved in proopiomelanocortin/ACTH degradation in corticotropes. Indeed, proopiomelanocortin is a target of ubiquitylation and modulation of ubiquitin-proteasome system affects ACTH turnover. This study shows that regulation of ACTH proteolytic degradation may represent a means to control ACTH secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Sesta
- Neuroendocrinology Research Laboratory, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Cusano Milanino (Milan), Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Francesca Cassarino
- Neuroendocrinology Research Laboratory, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Cusano Milanino (Milan), Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Cavagnini
- Neuroendocrinology Research Laboratory, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Cusano Milanino (Milan), Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Pecori Giraldi
- Neuroendocrinology Research Laboratory, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Cusano Milanino (Milan), Milan, Italy.
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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18
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van der Goot AT, Pearce MMP, Leto DE, Shaler TA, Kopito RR. Redundant and Antagonistic Roles of XTP3B and OS9 in Decoding Glycan and Non-glycan Degrons in ER-Associated Degradation. Mol Cell 2018; 70:516-530.e6. [PMID: 29706535 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2018.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Glycoproteins engaged in unproductive folding in the ER are marked for degradation by a signal generated by progressive demannosylation of substrate N-glycans that is decoded by ER lectins, but how the two lectins, OS9 and XTP3B, contribute to non-glycosylated protein triage is unknown. We generated cell lines with homozygous deletions of both lectins individually and in combination. We found that OS9 and XTP3B redundantly promote glycoprotein degradation and stabilize the SEL1L/HRD1 dislocon complex, that XTP3B profoundly inhibits the degradation of non-glycosylated proteins, and that OS9 antagonizes this inhibition. The relative expression of OS9 and XTP3B and the distribution of glycan and non-glycan degrons within the same protein contribute to the fidelity and processivity of glycoprotein triage and, therefore, determine the fates of newly synthesized proteins in the early secretory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dara E Leto
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Ron R Kopito
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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19
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Arunagiri A, Haataja L, Cunningham CN, Shrestha N, Tsai B, Qi L, Liu M, Arvan P. Misfolded proinsulin in the endoplasmic reticulum during development of beta cell failure in diabetes. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2018; 1418:5-19. [PMID: 29377149 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is broadly distributed throughout the cytoplasm of pancreatic beta cells, and this is where all proinsulin is initially made. Healthy beta cells can synthesize 6000 proinsulin molecules per second. Ordinarily, nascent proinsulin entering the ER rapidly folds via the formation of three evolutionarily conserved disulfide bonds (B7-A7, B19-A20, and A6-A11). A modest amount of proinsulin misfolding, including both intramolecular disulfide mispairing and intermolecular disulfide-linked protein complexes, is a natural by-product of proinsulin biosynthesis, as is the case for many proteins. The steady-state level of misfolded proinsulin-a potential ER stressor-is linked to (1) production rate, (2) ER environment, (3) presence or absence of naturally occurring (mutational) defects in proinsulin, and (4) clearance of misfolded proinsulin molecules. Accumulation of misfolded proinsulin beyond a certain threshold begins to interfere with the normal intracellular transport of bystander proinsulin, leading to diminished insulin production and hyperglycemia, as well as exacerbating ER stress. This is most obvious in mutant INS gene-induced Diabetes of Youth (MIDY; an autosomal dominant disease) but also likely to occur in type 2 diabetes owing to dysregulation in proinsulin synthesis, ER folding environment, or clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anoop Arunagiri
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Leena Haataja
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Corey N Cunningham
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Neha Shrestha
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Billy Tsai
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Ling Qi
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Ming Liu
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Peter Arvan
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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20
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Tang Y, Zheng M, An R, Chen L, Gong L, Cai H, Liu K, Yu L, Shen J, Du J. Proteasomal degradation of T. gondii ROP18 requires Derlin2. Acta Trop 2017; 174:106-113. [PMID: 28669563 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Revised: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
T. gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite, belonging to the Phylum Apicomplexa, infecting all warm-blooded animals including humans. During host cell invasion, specialized cytoskeletal and secretory organelles play a pivotal role. ROP18, as a member of the ROP2 family, has been identified as a key virulence factor mediating pathogenesis in T. gondii. Here, we identify an ER-resident protein, Derlin2, a factor implicated in the removal of misfolded proteins from the ER for cytosolic degradation, as a component of the machinery required for ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD). We identified Derlin2 interacting with ROP18 by yeast two-hybrid screening system. The interaction between ROP18 and Derlin2 was further confirmed through in vitro GST pull-down and in vivo immunoprecipitation assays. By immunofluorescence assay, we found that ROP18 co-localized with Derlin2 in the endoplasmic reticulum. Using overexpression and knockdown approaches, we demonstrated that Derlin2 was required for T. gondii ROP18 degradation. Consistently, cycloheximide chase experiments showed that the degradation of ROP18 relied on the Derlin2, but not Derlin1. These results indicate that interaction between Derlin2 and ROP18 is functionally relevant and leads ultimately to degradation of ROP18. The finding provides the basis for future studies on Derlin2-dependent ERAD of T. gondii ROP18 and subsequent antigen generation.
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21
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van de Weijer ML, van Muijlwijk GH, Visser LJ, Costa AI, Wiertz EJHJ, Lebbink RJ. The E3 Ubiquitin Ligase TMEM129 Is a Tri-Spanning Transmembrane Protein. Viruses 2016; 8:v8110309. [PMID: 27854284 PMCID: PMC5127023 DOI: 10.3390/v8110309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Misfolded proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are transported back into the cytosol for degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome system. The human cytomegalovirus protein US11 hijacks this ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD) pathway to downregulate human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules in virus-infected cells, thereby evading elimination by cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. Recently, we identified the E3 ubiquitin ligase transmembrane protein 129 (TMEM129) as a key player in this process, where interference with TMEM129 activity in human cells completely abrogates US11-mediated class I degradation. Here, we set out to further characterize TMEM129. We show that TMEM129 is a non-glycosylated protein containing a non-cleaved signal anchor sequence. By glycosylation scanning mutagenesis, we show that TMEM129 is a tri-spanning ER-membrane protein that adopts an Nexo–Ccyto orientation. This insertion in the ER membrane positions the C-terminal really interesting new gene (RING) domain of TMEM129 in the cytosol, making it available to catalyze ubiquitination reactions that are required for cytosolic degradation of secretory proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guus H van Muijlwijk
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Linda J Visser
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Ana I Costa
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Emmanuel J H J Wiertz
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Robert Jan Lebbink
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Ebstein F, Keller M, Paschen A, Walden P, Seeger M, Bürger E, Krüger E, Schadendorf D, Kloetzel PM, Seifert U. Exposure to Melan-A/MART-126-35 tumor epitope specific CD8(+)T cells reveals immune escape by affecting the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). Sci Rep 2016; 6:25208. [PMID: 27143649 PMCID: PMC4855237 DOI: 10.1038/srep25208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficient processing of target antigens by the ubiquitin-proteasome-system (UPS) is essential for treatment of cancers by T cell therapies. However, immune escape due to altered expression of IFN-γ-inducible components of the antigen presentation machinery and consequent inefficient processing of HLA-dependent tumor epitopes can be one important reason for failure of such therapies. Here, we show that short-term co-culture of Melan-A/MART-1 tumor antigen-expressing melanoma cells with Melan-A/MART-126-35-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) led to resistance against CTL-induced lysis because of impaired Melan-A/MART-126-35 epitope processing. Interestingly, deregulation of p97/VCP expression, which is an IFN-γ-independent component of the UPS and part of the ER-dependent protein degradation pathway (ERAD), was found to be essentially involved in the observed immune escape. In support, our data demonstrate that re-expression of p97/VCP in Melan-A/MART-126-35 CTL-resistant melanoma cells completely restored immune recognition by Melan-A/MART-126-35 CTL. In conclusion, our experiments show that impaired expression of IFN-γ-independent components of the UPS can exert rapid immune evasion of tumor cells and suggest that tumor antigens processed by distinct UPS degradation pathways should be simultaneously targeted in T cell therapies to restrict the likelihood of immune evasion due to impaired antigen processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Ebstein
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institut für Biochemie, Charité-Platz 1/ Virchowweg 6, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Keller
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institut für Biochemie, Charité-Platz 1/ Virchowweg 6, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Annette Paschen
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Hufelandstr. 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Peter Walden
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Charité Platz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Seeger
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institut für Biochemie, Charité-Platz 1/ Virchowweg 6, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Elke Bürger
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institut für Biochemie, Charité-Platz 1/ Virchowweg 6, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Elke Krüger
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institut für Biochemie, Charité-Platz 1/ Virchowweg 6, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dirk Schadendorf
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Hufelandstr. 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Peter-M. Kloetzel
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institut für Biochemie, Charité-Platz 1/ Virchowweg 6, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health Kapelle-Ufer 2 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrike Seifert
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institut für Biochemie, Charité-Platz 1/ Virchowweg 6, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Institut für Molekulare und Klinische Immunologie, Medizinische Fakultät der Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Leipzigerstr. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
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23
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Gorasia DG, Dudek NL, Safavi-Hemami H, Perez RA, Schittenhelm RB, Saunders PM, Wee S, Mangum JE, Hubbard MJ, Purcell AW. A prominent role of PDIA6 in processing of misfolded proinsulin. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2016; 1864:715-723. [PMID: 26947243 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite its critical role in maintaining glucose homeostasis, surprisingly little is known about proinsulin folding in the endoplasmic reticulum. In this study we aimed to understand the chaperones involved in the maturation and degradation of proinsulin. We generated pancreatic beta cell lines expressing FLAG-tagged proinsulin. Several chaperones (including BiP, PDIA6, calnexin, calreticulin, GRP170, Erdj3 and ribophorin II) co-immunoprecipitated with proinsulin suggesting a role for these proteins in folding. To investigate the chaperones responsible for targeting misfolded proinsulin for degradation, we also created a beta cell line expressing FLAG-tagged proinsulin carrying the Akita mutation (Cys96Tyr). All chaperones found to be associated with wild type proinsulin also co-immunoprecipitated with Akita proinsulin. However, one additional protein, namely P58(IPK), specifically precipitated with Akita proinsulin and approximately ten fold more PDIA6, but not other PDI family members, was bound to Akita proinsulin. The latter suggests that PDIA6 may act as a key reductase and target misfolded proinsulin to the ER-degradation pathway. The preferential association of PDIA6 to Akita proinsulin was also confirmed in another beta cell line (βTC-6). Furthermore, for the first time, a physiologically relevant substrate for PDIA6 has been evidenced. Thus, this study has identified several chaperones/foldases that associated with wild type proinsulin and has also provided a comprehensive interactome for Akita misfolded proinsulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhana G Gorasia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nadine L Dudek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Infection and Immunity Program, Biomolecular Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Helena Safavi-Hemami
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rochelle Ayala Perez
- Infection and Immunity Program, Biomolecular Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ralf B Schittenhelm
- Infection and Immunity Program, Biomolecular Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Philippa M Saunders
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sheena Wee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jon E Mangum
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael J Hubbard
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anthony W Purcell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Infection and Immunity Program, Biomolecular Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
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24
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Gomez-Tourino I, Arif S, Eichmann M, Peakman M. T cells in type 1 diabetes: Instructors, regulators and effectors: A comprehensive review. J Autoimmun 2016; 66:7-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2015.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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