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Zhang Y, Brekken RA. Direct and indirect regulation of the tumor immune microenvironment by VEGF. J Leukoc Biol 2022; 111:1269-1286. [DOI: 10.1002/jlb.5ru0222-082r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Zhang
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research UT Southwestern Medical Center Dallas Texas USA
- Department of Surgery UT Southwestern Medical Center Dallas Texas USA
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program UT Southwestern Medical Center Dallas Texas USA
- Current affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology Dana‐Farber Cancer Institute Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Rolf A. Brekken
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research UT Southwestern Medical Center Dallas Texas USA
- Department of Surgery UT Southwestern Medical Center Dallas Texas USA
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program UT Southwestern Medical Center Dallas Texas USA
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2
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Lai V, Neshat SY, Rakoski A, Pitingolo J, Doloff JC. Drug delivery strategies in maximizing anti-angiogenesis and anti-tumor immunity. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 179:113920. [PMID: 34384826 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Metronomic chemotherapy has been shown to elicit anti-tumor immune response and block tumor angiogenesis distinct from that observed with maximal tolerated dose (MTD) therapy. This review delves into the mechanisms behind anti-tumor immunity and seeks to identify the differential effect of dosing regimens, including daily low-dose and medium-dose intermittent chemotherapy (MEDIC), on both innate and adaptive immune populations involved in observed anti-tumor immune response. Given reports of VEGF/VEGFR blockade antagonizing anti-tumor immunity, drug choice, dose, and selective delivery determined by advanced formulations/vehicles are highlighted as potential sources of innovation for identifying anti-angiogenic modalities that may be combined with metronomic regimens without interrupting key immune players in the anti-tumor response. Engineered drug delivery mechanisms that exhibit extended and local release of anti-angiogenic agents both alone and in combination with chemotherapeutic treatments have also been demonstrated to elicit a potent and potentially systemic anti-tumor immune response, favoring tumor regression and stasis over progression. This review examines this interplay between various cancer models, the host immune response, and select anti-cancer agents depending on drug dosing, scheduling/regimen, and delivery modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Lai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Sarah Y Neshat
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Amanda Rakoski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - James Pitingolo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Joshua C Doloff
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Department of Oncology, Division of Cancer Immunology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.
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3
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Evaluation of β-Catenin Inhibition of Axitinib and Nitazoxanide in Human Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9080949. [PMID: 34440153 PMCID: PMC8391762 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9080949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Modulation of β-catenin signaling has attractive therapeutic potential in cancer immunotherapy. Several studies have found that β-catenin can mediate immune evasion in cancer and promote anti-inflammatory features of antigen-presenting dendritic cells. Many small molecular compounds that inhibit Wnt/β-catenin signaling are currently in clinical development, but none have entered routine clinical use. New inhibitors of β-catenin signaling are consequently desirable. Here, we have tested, in monocyte-derived dendritic cells, the effects of two small molecular compounds, axitinib and nitazoxanide, that previously have been discovered to inhibit β-catenin signaling in colon cancer cells. Immature and lipopolysaccharide-matured dendritic cells prepared from healthy blood donor buffy coats were stimulated with 6-bromoindirubin-3′-oxime (6-BIO) to boost basal β-catenin activity, and the effects of axitinib and nitazoxanide were compared with the commercial β-catenin inhibitor ICG-001. Assays, including genome-wide RNA-sequencing, indicated that neither axitinib nor nitazoxanide demonstrated considerable β-catenin inhibition. Both compounds were found to be less toxic to monocyte-derived dendritic cells than either 6-BIO or ICG-001. Axitinib stimulated several aspects of dendritic cell function, such as IL12-p70 secretion, and counteracted IL-10 secretion, according to the present study. However, neither axitinib nor nitazoxanide were found to be efficient β-catenin inhibitors in monocyte-derived dendritic cells.
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4
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Ren S, Xiong X, You H, Shen J, Zhou P. The Combination of Immune Checkpoint Blockade and Angiogenesis Inhibitors in the Treatment of Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Front Immunol 2021; 12:689132. [PMID: 34149730 PMCID: PMC8206805 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.689132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has become a standard treatment for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, most patients with NSCLC do not benefit from these treatments. Abnormal vasculature is a hallmark of solid tumors and is involved in tumor immune escape. These abnormalities stem from the increase in the expression of pro-angiogenic factors, which is involved in the regulation of the function and migration of immune cells. Anti-angiogenic agents can normalize blood vessels, and thus transforming the tumor microenvironment from immunosuppressive to immune-supportive by increasing the infiltration and activation of immune cells. Therefore, the combination of immunotherapy with anti-angiogenesis is a promising strategy for cancer treatment. Here, we outline the current understanding of the mechanisms of vascular endothelial growth factor/vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGF/VEGFR) signaling in tumor immune escape and progression, and summarize the preclinical studies and current clinical data of the combination of ICB and anti-angiogenic drugs in the treatment of advanced NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Ren
- Taizhou Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Taizhou, China
| | - Xinxin Xiong
- Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hua You
- Medical Oncology Department, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianfei Shen
- Taizhou Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Taizhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jianfei Shen, ; Penghui Zhou,
| | - Penghui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jianfei Shen, ; Penghui Zhou,
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5
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Song MJ, Pan QZ, Ding Y, Zeng J, Dong P, Zhao JJ, Tang Y, Li J, Zhang Z, He J, Yang J, Huang Y, Peng R, Wang QJ, Gu JM, He J, Li YQ, Chen SP, Huang R, Zhou ZQ, Yang C, Han Y, Chen H, Liu H, Xia S, Wan Y, Weng DS, Xia L, Zhou FJ, Xia JC. The efficacy and safety of the combination of axitinib and pembrolizumab-activated autologous DC-CIK cell immunotherapy for patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma: a phase 2 study. Clin Transl Immunology 2021; 10:e1257. [PMID: 33717483 PMCID: PMC7927618 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Although axitinib has achieved a preferable response rate for advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC), patient survival remains unsatisfactory. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of a combination treatment of axitinib and a low dose of pembrolizumab‐activated autologous dendritic cells–co‐cultured cytokine‐induced killer cells in patients with advanced RCC. Methods All adult patients, including treatment‐naive or pretreated with VEGF‐targeted agents, were enrolled from May 2016 to March 2019. Patients received axitinib 5 mg twice daily and pembrolizumab‐activated dendritic cells–co‐cultured cytokine‐induced killer cells intravenously weekly for the first four cycles, every 2 weeks for the next four cycles, and every month thereafter. Results The 43 patients (22 untreated and 21 previously treated) showed a median progression‐free survival (mPFS) of 14.7 months (95% CI, 11.16–18.30). mPFS in treatment‐naive patients was 18.2 months, as compared with 14.4 months in pretreated patients (log‐rank P‐value = 0.07). Overall response rates were 25.6% (95% CI, 13.5–41.2%). Grade 3 or higher adverse events occurred in 5% of patients included hypertension (11.6%) and palmar‐plantar erythrodysesthesia (7.0%). Peripheral blood lymphocyte immunophenotype and serum cytokine profile analyses demonstrated increased antitumor immunity after combination treatment particularly in patients with a long‐term survival benefit, while those with a minimal survival benefit demonstrated an elevated proportion of peripheral CD8+TIM3+ T cells and lower serum‐level immunostimulatory cytokine profile. Conclusions The combination therapy was active and well tolerated for treatment of advanced RCC, either as first‐ or second‐line treatment following other targeted agents. Changes in immunophenotype and serum cytokine profile may be used as prognostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Jia Song
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou China.,Department of Biotherapy Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou China
| | - Qiu-Zhong Pan
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou China.,Department of Biotherapy Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou China
| | - Ya Ding
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou China.,Department of Biotherapy Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou China
| | - Jianxiong Zeng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou China.,Department of Biotherapy Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou China
| | - Pei Dong
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou China.,Department of Urology Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou China
| | - Jing-Jing Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou China.,Department of Biotherapy Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou China
| | - Yan Tang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou China.,Department of Biotherapy Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou China.,Department of Biotherapy Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou China
| | - Zhiling Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou China.,Department of Urology Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou China
| | - Junyi He
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou China.,Department of Biotherapy Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou China
| | - Jieying Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou China.,Department of Biotherapy Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou China
| | - Yue Huang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou China.,Department of Biotherapy Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou China
| | - Ruiqing Peng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou China.,Department of Biotherapy Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou China
| | - Qi-Jing Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou China.,Department of Biotherapy Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou China
| | - Jia-Mei Gu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou China.,Department of Biotherapy Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou China
| | - Jia He
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou China.,Department of Biotherapy Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou China
| | - Yong-Qiang Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou China.,Department of Biotherapy Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou China
| | - Shi-Ping Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou China.,Department of Biotherapy Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou China
| | - Rongxing Huang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou China.,Department of Biotherapy Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou China
| | - Zi-Qi Zhou
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou China.,Department of Biotherapy Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou China
| | - Chaopin Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou China.,Department of Biotherapy Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou China
| | - Yulong Han
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou China.,Department of Biotherapy Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou China
| | - Hao Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou China.,Department of Biotherapy Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou China
| | - Heping Liu
- Guangzhou Yiyang Bio-technology Co., Ltd Guangzhou China
| | - Shangzhou Xia
- Guangzhou Yiyang Bio-technology Co., Ltd Guangzhou China
| | - Yang Wan
- Guangzhou Yiyang Bio-technology Co., Ltd Guangzhou China
| | - De-Sheng Weng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou China.,Department of Biotherapy Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou China
| | - Liming Xia
- Guangzhou Yiyang Bio-technology Co., Ltd Guangzhou China
| | - Fang-Jian Zhou
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou China.,Department of Urology Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou China
| | - Jian-Chuan Xia
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou China.,Department of Biotherapy Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou China
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6
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Mei Y, Wang M, Lu G, Li J, Peng L, Lang Y, Yang M, Jiang L, Li C, Zheng L, Liu Z, Xie D, Guo L, Huang B, Zeng M, Shi Y, Qian C. Postponing tumor onset and tumor progression can be achieved by alteration of local tumor immunity. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:97. [PMID: 33568170 PMCID: PMC7874464 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-01765-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background It has been known for years that the same genetic defects drive breast cancer formation, yet, the onset of breast cancer in different individuals among the same population differs greatly in their life spans with unknown mechanisms. Methods We used a MMTV-PyMT mouse model with different genetic backgrounds (FVB/NJ vs. C57BL/6J) to generate different cancer onset phenotypes, then profiled and analyzed the gene expression of three tumor stages in both Fvb.B6 and Fvb mice to explore the underlying mechanisms. Results We found that in contrast with the FVB/N-Tg (MMTV-PyMT) 634Mul mice (Fvb mice), mammary tumor initiation was significantly delayed and tumor progression was significantly suppressed in the Fvb.B6 mice (generated by crossing FVB/NJ with C57BL/6J mice). Transcriptome sequencing and analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes were enriched in immune-related pathways. Flow cytometry analysis showed a higher proportion of matured dendritic cells in the Fvb.B6 mice. The plasma levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were significantly reduced in the Fvb.B6 mice. IL-6 also impaired the maturation of bone marrow dendritic cells (BMDCs) of the Fvb mice in vitro. Conclusion All these findings suggest that immunity levels (characterized by a reduced IL-6 level and intact DC maturation in Fvb.B6 mice) are the key factors affecting tumor onset in a murine mammary cancer model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingdian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Guanming Lu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Basie, 533000, China
| | - Jiangchao Li
- Vascular Biology Research Institute, School of Basic Course, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Lixia Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanhong Lang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Lingbi Jiang
- Vascular Biology Research Institute, School of Basic Course, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Changzhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Lisheng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhijie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Dehuan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Lingling Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Bijun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Musheng Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanxia Shi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Chaonan Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China. .,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
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7
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Remke N, Bisht S, Oberbeck S, Nolting J, Brossart P. Selective BET-bromodomain inhibition by JQ1 suppresses dendritic cell maturation and antigen-specific T-cell responses. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2020; 70:107-121. [PMID: 32651619 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-020-02665-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Bromo- and extra-terminal domain (BET) inhibitors represent potential therapeutic approaches in solid and hematological malignancies that are currently analyzed in several clinical trials. Additionally, BET are involved in the epigenetic regulation of immune responses by macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs), that play a central role in the regulation of immune responses, indicating that cancer treatment with BET inhibitors can promote immunosuppressive effects. The aim of this study was to further characterize the effects of selective BET inhibition by JQ1 on DC maturation and DC-mediated antigen-specific T-cell responses. Selective BET inhibition by JQ1 impairs LPS-induced DC maturation and inhibits the migrational activity of DCs, while antigen uptake is not affected. JQ1-treated DCs show reduced ability to induce antigen-specific T-cell proliferation. Moreover, antigen-specific T cells co-cultured with JQ1-treated DCs exhibit an inactive phenotype and reduced cytokine production. JQ1-treated mice show reduced immune responses in vivo to sublethal doses of LPS, characterized by a reduced white blood cell count, an immature phenotype of splenic DCs and T cells and lower blood levels of IL-6. In our study, we demonstrate that selective BET inhibition by JQ1, a drug currently tested in clinical trials for malignant diseases, has profound effects on DC maturation and DC-mediated antigen-specific T-cell responses. These immunosuppressive effects can result in the induction of possible infectious side effects in cancer treatments. In addition, based on our results, these compounds should not be used in combinatorial regimes using immunotherapeutic approaches such as check point inhibitors, T-cell therapies, or vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Remke
- Department of Oncology, Hematology, Immuno-Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Savita Bisht
- Department of Oncology, Hematology, Immuno-Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sebastian Oberbeck
- Department of Oncology, Hematology, Immuno-Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jens Nolting
- Department of Oncology, Hematology, Immuno-Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Brossart
- Department of Oncology, Hematology, Immuno-Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany.
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8
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Gharibi T, Babaloo Z, Hosseini A, Abdollahpour-alitappeh M, Hashemi V, Marofi F, Nejati K, Baradaran B. Targeting STAT3 in cancer and autoimmune diseases. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 878:173107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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9
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Zhu S, Yang N, Wu J, Wang X, Wang W, Liu YJ, Chen J. Tumor microenvironment-related dendritic cell deficiency: a target to enhance tumor immunotherapy. Pharmacol Res 2020; 159:104980. [PMID: 32504832 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs), as specialized antigen-presenting cells, are essential for the initiation of specific T cell responses in innate antitumor immunity and, in certain cases, support humoral responses to inhibit tumor development. Mounting evidence suggests that the DC system displays a broad spectrum of dysfunctional status in the tumor microenvironment (TME), which ultimately affects antitumor immune responses. DC-based therapy can restore the function of DCs in the TME, thus showing a promising potential in tumor therapy. In this review, we provide an overview of the DC deficiency caused by various factors in the TME and discuss proposed strategies to reverse DC deficiency and the applications of novel combinatorial DC-based therapy for immune normalization of the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Zhu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ning Yang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wan Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | | | - Jingtao Chen
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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10
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Zhou W, Chen Z, Bao H, Zhang G, Liu Z. Systematic Analysis of the Pharmacological Effects of Alcoholic Components in Maotai. J Food Sci 2019; 84:1949-1956. [PMID: 31245855 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Maotai liquor is one of the most famous traditional Chinese distilled liquor enjoyed by many people all over the world for its unique production method, impressive liquor quality, and soy sauce-like and roasted aroma style. It is known that aroma characteristics of liquor mainly depend on the aroma compounds. Alcohols as one of the most important categories of aroma components have been determined in Maotai liquor. However, the systemic analysis of alcoholic compounds in liquor is limited, especially the active alcoholic components and their pharmacological effects. Therefore, in this study, a systemic analysis method was proposed by combining in silico absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) evaluation, target fishing, network pharmacology technology, pathway analysis, and experimental verification to interpret the pharmacological mechanism of alcoholic compounds in Maotai liquor. Finally, 15 compounds with favorable pharmacokinetic profiles were screened through in silico ADME models. Thirty-eight related targets of these active compounds were identified by target prediction method. The network pharmacology and pathway analysis were developed to clarify the pharmacological effect of alcoholic compounds in Maotai liquor at the system and pathway level. Moreover, the key active compounds were validated by in vitro experiments that verified the effectiveness of our methods. Our study provides a novel approach to systematically analyze the pharmacological effect of alcoholic compounds in Maotai liquor, which would be beneficial for promoting the in-depth study of various liquors. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Maotai liquor is popularly enjoyed in the world for a very long time. However, the systemic analysis of compounds in liquor is limited. Our systematic analysis approach was developed to explore the bioactive ingredients and their related target proteins as well as the pharmacological effects of Maotai liquor. This will provide a new method to understand the pharmacological mechanisms of compounds in various liquors at the systems level, so as to promote the development of liquors and to increase the public awareness of science about alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- The Research Center of Allergy & Immunology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Univ., Shenzhen, 518060, China.,Dept. of Allergy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen Univ., Shenzhen Univ., Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Ziyi Chen
- The Research Center of Allergy & Immunology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Univ., Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Hui Bao
- The Research Center of Allergy & Immunology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Univ., Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Guohao Zhang
- The Research Center of Allergy & Immunology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Univ., Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Zhigang Liu
- The Research Center of Allergy & Immunology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Univ., Shenzhen, 518060, China.,Dept. of Allergy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen Univ., Shenzhen Univ., Shenzhen, 518020, China
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11
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Awad RM, De Vlaeminck Y, Maebe J, Goyvaerts C, Breckpot K. Turn Back the TIMe: Targeting Tumor Infiltrating Myeloid Cells to Revert Cancer Progression. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1977. [PMID: 30233579 PMCID: PMC6127274 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells frequently produce soluble factors that favor myelopoiesis and recruitment of myeloid cells to the tumor microenvironment (TME). Consequently, the TME of many cancer types is characterized by high infiltration of monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells and granulocytes. Experimental and clinical studies show that most myeloid cells are kept in an immature state in the TME. These studies further show that tumor-derived factors mold these myeloid cells into cells that support cancer initiation and progression, amongst others by enabling immune evasion, tumor cell survival, proliferation, migration and metastasis. The key role of myeloid cells in cancer is further evidenced by the fact that they negatively impact on virtually all types of cancer therapy. Therefore, tumor-associated myeloid cells have been designated as the culprits in cancer. We review myeloid cells in the TME with a focus on the mechanisms they exploit to support cancer cells. In addition, we provide an overview of approaches that are under investigation to deplete myeloid cells or redirect their function, as these hold promise to overcome resistance to current cancer therapies.
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12
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Wen Z, Shen Y, Berry G, Shahram F, Li Y, Watanabe R, Liao YJ, Goronzy JJ, Weyand CM. The microvascular niche instructs T cells in large vessel vasculitis via the VEGF-Jagged1-Notch pathway. Sci Transl Med 2018; 9:9/399/eaal3322. [PMID: 28724574 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aal3322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Microvascular networks in the adventitia of large arteries control access of inflammatory cells to the inner wall layers (media and intima) and thus protect the immune privilege of the aorta and its major branches. In autoimmune vasculitis giant cell arteritis (GCA), CD4 T helper 1 (TH1) and TH17 cells invade into the wall of the aorta and large elastic arteries to form tissue-destructive granulomas. Whether the disease microenvironment provides instructive cues for vasculitogenic T cells is unknown. We report that adventitial microvascular endothelial cells (mvECs) perform immunoregulatory functions by up-regulating the expression of the Notch ligand Jagged1. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), abundantly present in GCA patients' blood, induced Jagged1 expression, allowing mvECs to regulate effector T cell induction via the Notch-mTORC1 (mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1) pathway. We found that circulating CD4 T cells in GCA patients have left the quiescent state, actively signal through the Notch pathway, and differentiate into TH1 and TH17 effector cells. In an in vivo model of large vessel vasculitis, exogenous VEGF functioned as an effective amplifier to recruit and activate vasculitogenic T cells. Thus, systemic VEGF co-opts endothelial Jagged1 to trigger aberrant Notch signaling, biases responsiveness of CD4 T cells, and induces pathogenic effector functions. Adventitial microvascular networks function as an instructive tissue niche, which can be exploited to target vasculitogenic immunity in large vessel vasculitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenke Wen
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yi Shen
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Gerald Berry
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Farhad Shahram
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yinyin Li
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ryu Watanabe
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yaping Joyce Liao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jörg J Goronzy
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Cornelia M Weyand
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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13
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Tannir NM, Pal SK, Atkins MB. Second-Line Treatment Landscape for Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Comprehensive Review. Oncologist 2018; 23:540-555. [PMID: 29487224 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2017-0534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The management of advanced clear-cell renal cell carcinoma has steadily improved over the past decade with the introduction of antiangiogenic and targeted therapies. Recently, three new therapies have been approved for use as second-line options that further advance the treatment armamentarium: nivolumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting the programmed cell death receptor; cabozantinib, a small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR), MET, and AXL; and lenvatinib, a small-molecule TKI of VEGF and fibroblast growth factor receptors that is used in combination with everolimus, an inhibitor of the mechanistic target of rapamycin. Together, these and previously approved second-line treatments offer clinicians the ability to better individualize treatment for patients after progression on first-line VEGFR-targeted therapies. In this comprehensive review, we discuss the efficacy and safety results from the pivotal trials of these newly approved therapies, including the quality of study design, the level of evidence, subgroup analyses, and how these data can help to guide clinicians to select the most appropriate second-line therapy for their patients. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE This review article provides the reader with a comprehensive overview of current treatment options for patients with advanced clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC) whose disease has progressed after their first therapy. As many patients with RCC experience disease progression with initial treatments, effective second-line therapies are critical. Nivolumab, cabozantinib, and lenvatinib plus everolimus have recently been approved as second-line treatments. The new agents discussed in this review increase the therapeutic options available and provide physicians with opportunities to individualize treatments for their patients, with a view to improving disease control and survival outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nizar M Tannir
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sumanta K Pal
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Michael B Atkins
- Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, D.C., USA
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14
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van Hooren L, Georganaki M, Huang H, Mangsbo SM, Dimberg A. Sunitinib enhances the antitumor responses of agonistic CD40-antibody by reducing MDSCs and synergistically improving endothelial activation and T-cell recruitment. Oncotarget 2017; 7:50277-50289. [PMID: 27385210 PMCID: PMC5226582 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
CD40-activating immunotherapy has potent antitumor effects due to its ability to activate dendritic cells and induce cytotoxic T-cell responses. However, its efficacy is limited by immunosuppressive cells in the tumor and by endothelial anergy inhibiting recruitment of T-cells. Here, we show that combining agonistic CD40 monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy with vascular targeting using the tyrosine kinase inhibitor sunitinib decreased tumor growth and improved survival in B16.F10 melanoma and T241 fibrosarcoma. Treatment of tumor-bearing mice with anti-CD40 mAb led to increased activation of CD11c+ dendritic cells in the tumor draining lymph node, while sunitinib treatment reduced vessel density and decreased accumulation of CD11b+Gr1+ myeloid derived suppressor cells. The expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 adhesion molecules was up-regulated on tumor endothelial cells only when anti-CD40 mAb treatment was combined with sunitinib. This was associated with enhanced intratumoral infiltration of CD8+ cytotoxic T-cells. Our results show that combining CD40-stimulating immunotherapy with sunitinib treatment exerts potent complementary antitumor effects mediated by dendritic cell activation, a reduction in myeloid derived suppressor cells and increased endothelial activation, resulting in enhanced recruitment of cytotoxic T-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luuk van Hooren
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, The Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Maria Georganaki
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, The Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Hua Huang
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, The Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Sara M Mangsbo
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, The Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Anna Dimberg
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, The Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden
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15
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Hu C, Jiang X. The effect of anti-angiogenic drugs on regulatory T cells in the tumor microenvironment. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 88:134-137. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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16
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Heine A, Held SAE, Schulte-Schrepping J, Wolff JFA, Klee K, Ulas T, Schmacke NA, Daecke SN, Riethausen K, Schultze JL, Brossart P. Generation and functional characterization of MDSC-like cells. Oncoimmunology 2017; 6:e1295203. [PMID: 28507805 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1295203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are critical in regulating immune responses by suppressing antigen presenting cells (APC) and T cells. We previously observed that incubation of peripheral blood monocytes with interleukin (IL)-10 during their differentiation to monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs) results in the generation of an APC population with a CD14+HLA-DRlowphenotype (IL-10-APC) with reduced stimulatory capacity similar to human MDSC. Co-incubation experiments now revealed that the addition of IL-10-APC to moDC caused a reduction of DC-induced T-cell proliferation, of the expression of maturation markers, and of secreted cytokines and chemokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, MIP-1α and Rantes. Addition of IL-10-APC increased the immunosuppressive molecule osteoactivin and its corresponding receptor syndecan-4 on moDC. Moreover, CD14+HLA-DRlow MDSC isolated from healthy donors expressed high levels of osteoactivin, which was even further upregulated by the auxiliary addition of IL-10. Using transcriptome analysis, we identified a set of molecules and pathways mediating these effects. In addition, we found that IL-10-APC as well as human isolated MDSC expressed higher levels of programmed death (PD)-1, PD-ligand-1 (PD-L1), glucocorticoid-induced-tumor-necrosis-factor-receptor-related-protein (GITR) and GITR-ligand. Inhibition of osteoactivin, syndecan-4, PD-1 or PD-L1 on MDSC by using blocking antibodies restored the stimulatory capacity of DC in co-incubation experiments. Activation of MDSC with Dectin-1 ligand curdlan reduced the expression of osteoactivin and PD-L1. Our results demonstrate that osteoactivin/syndecan-4 and PD-/PD-L1 are key molecules that are profoundly involved in the inhibitory effects of MDSC on DC function and might be promising tools for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annkristin Heine
- Medical Clinic III for Oncology, Hematology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Kathrin Klee
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, LIMES-Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas Ulas
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, LIMES-Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Solveig Nora Daecke
- Medical Clinic III for Oncology, Hematology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kati Riethausen
- Medical Clinic III for Oncology, Hematology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Joachim L Schultze
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, LIMES-Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics (PRECISE) at the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) and the University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Brossart
- Medical Clinic III for Oncology, Hematology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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17
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Ahola-Olli AV, Würtz P, Havulinna AS, Aalto K, Pitkänen N, Lehtimäki T, Kähönen M, Lyytikäinen LP, Raitoharju E, Seppälä I, Sarin AP, Ripatti S, Palotie A, Perola M, Viikari JS, Jalkanen S, Maksimow M, Salomaa V, Salmi M, Kettunen J, Raitakari OT. Genome-wide Association Study Identifies 27 Loci Influencing Concentrations of Circulating Cytokines and Growth Factors. Am J Hum Genet 2017; 100:40-50. [PMID: 27989323 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 366] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating cytokines and growth factors are regulators of inflammation and have been implicated in autoimmune and metabolic diseases. In this genome-wide association study (GWAS) of up to 8,293 Finns we identified 27 genome-widely significant loci (p < 1.2 × 10-9) for one or more cytokines. Fifteen of the associated variants had expression quantitative trait loci in whole blood. We provide genetic instruments to clarify the causal roles of cytokine signaling and upstream inflammation in immune-related and other chronic diseases. We further link inflammatory markers with variants previously associated with autoimmune diseases such as Crohn disease, multiple sclerosis, and ulcerative colitis and hereby elucidate the molecular mechanisms underpinning these diseases and suggest potential drug targets.
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18
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Morelli MB, Amantini C, Santoni M, Soriani A, Nabissi M, Cardinali C, Santoni A, Santoni G. Axitinib induces DNA damage response leading to senescence, mitotic catastrophe, and increased NK cell recognition in human renal carcinoma cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:36245-59. [PMID: 26474283 PMCID: PMC4742174 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) including axitinib have been introduced in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) because of their anti-angiogenic properties. However, no evidence are presently available on a direct cytotoxic anti-tumor activity of axitinib in RCC. Herein we reported by western blot analysis that axitinib treatment induces a DNA damage response (DDR) initially characterized by γ-H2AX phosphorylation and Chk1 kinase activation and at later time points by p21 overexpression in A-498 and Caki-2 RCC cells although with a different potency. Analysis by immunocytochemistry for the presence of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine in cellular DNA and flow cytometry using the redox-sensitive fluorescent dye DCFDA, demonstrated that DDR response is accompanied by the presence of oxidative DNA damage and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. This response leads to G2/M cell cycle arrest and induces a senescent-like phenotype accompanied by enlargement of cells and increased senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity, which are abrogated by N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) pre-treatment. In addition, axitinib-treated cells undergo to cell death through mitotic catastrophe characterized by micronucleation and abnormal microtubule assembly as assessed by fluorescence microscopy. On the other hand, axitinib, through the DDR induction, is also able to increase the surface NKG2D ligand expression. Accordingly, drug treatment promotes NK cell recognition and degranulation in A-498 RCC cells in a ROS-dependent manner. Collectively, our results indicate that both cytotoxic and immunomodulatory effects on RCC cells can contribute to axitinib anti-tumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Beatrice Morelli
- School of Pharmacy, Experimental Medicine Section, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Consuelo Amantini
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Matteo Santoni
- Department of Medical Oncology, AOU Ospedali Riuniti, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Nabissi
- School of Pharmacy, Experimental Medicine Section, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Claudio Cardinali
- School of Pharmacy, Experimental Medicine Section, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Santoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Santoni
- School of Pharmacy, Experimental Medicine Section, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
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19
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Alexander GS, Palmer JD, Tuluc M, Lin J, Dicker AP, Bar-Ad V, Harshyne LA, Louie J, Shaw CM, Hooper DC, Lu B. Immune biomarkers of treatment failure for a patient on a phase I clinical trial of pembrolizumab plus radiotherapy. J Hematol Oncol 2016; 9:96. [PMID: 27663515 PMCID: PMC5034602 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-016-0328-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pembrolizumab is a monoclonal antibody that is designed against programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1). Pembrolizumab and other immunocheckpoint-blocking monoclonal antibodies work by modulating a patient's own immune system to increase anti-tumor activity. While immunocheckpoint blockade has shown promising results, only 20-40 % of patients experience objective clinical benefit. Differences in individual tumor biology and the presence multiple immune checkpoints present a challenge for treatment. Because radiotherapy has immunomodulatory effects on the tumor microenvironment, it has the potential to synergize with immunotherapy and augment tumor response. NCT02318771 is a phase 1 clinical trial designed to investigate the immunomodulatory effects of radiation therapy in combination with pembrolizumab. CASE PRESENTATION The patient is a 64-year-old male with metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma, Fuhrman grade 4, pathologically staged as T3 N0. Metastatic disease was well controlled for several years with sunitinib. Following disease progression, he was switched to axitinib. When disease progression continued, the patient was enrolled in NCT02318771, a phase 1 clinical trial combining radiotherapy and pembrolizumab. The patient experienced unusually rapid disease progression during treatment, which was confirmed by repeated CT scans to rule out pseudoprogression. Tissue biopsies and peripheral blood draws were obtained before, during, and after treatment. Samples were analyzed to provide plausible rationale for rapid treatment failure. CONCLUSIONS Biomarker analysis demonstrated an absence of TILs, which may be a cause of treatment failure as pembrolizumab works through T cell-dependent mechanisms. Furthermore, the presence of other non-redundant immune checkpoints in the periphery and tumor microenvironment presents a treatment challenge. Additionally, the radiation dose and fractionation schedule may have played a role in treatment failure as these factors play a role in the effect radiotherapy on the tumor microenvironment as well as the potential for synergy with immunotherapy. TRIAL REGISTRATION An Exploratory Study to Investigate the Immunomodulatory Activity of Radiation Therapy (RT) in Combination With MK-3475 in Patients With Recurrent/Metastatic Head and Neck, Renal Cell Cancer, Melanoma and Lung Cancer, NCT02318771 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory S Alexander
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joshua D Palmer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Bodine Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, 111 South 11th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Madalina Tuluc
- Department of Pathology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jianqing Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Adam P Dicker
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Bodine Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, 111 South 11th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Voichita Bar-Ad
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Bodine Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, 111 South 11th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Larry A Harshyne
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer Louie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Bodine Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, 111 South 11th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Colette M Shaw
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - D Craig Hooper
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bo Lu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Bodine Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, 111 South 11th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.
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20
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Gao J, Wang X, Wang Y, Han F, Cai W, Zhao B, Li Y, Han S, Wu X, Hu D. Murine Sertoli cells promote the development of tolerogenic dendritic cells: a pivotal role of galectin-1. Immunology 2016; 148:253-65. [PMID: 26878424 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sertoli cells (SCs) possess inherent immunosuppressive properties and are major contributors to the immunoprivileged status of mammalian testis. SCs have been reported to inhibit the activation of B cells, T cells and natural killer cells but not dendritic cells (DCs). Herein, we present evidence that co-culture with SCs results in a persistent state of DC immaturity characterized by down-regulation of the surface molecules I-A/E, CD80, CD83, CD86, CCR7 and CD11c, as well as reduced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. SC-conditioned DCs (SC-DCs) displayed low immunogenicity and enhanced immunoregulatory functions, including the inhibition of T-cell proliferation and the promotion of Foxp3(+) regulatory T-cell development. Mechanistically, the activation of p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 was suppressed in SC-DCs. More importantly, we demonstrate that galectin-1 secreted by SCs plays a pivotal role in the differentiation of functionally tolerogenic SC-DCs. These findings further support the role of SCs in maintaining the immunoprivileged environment of the testis and provide a novel approach to derive tolerogenic DCs, which may lead to alternative therapeutic strategies for the treatment of immunopathogenic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxin Gao
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xujie Wang
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yunchuan Wang
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fu Han
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Weixia Cai
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shichao Han
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xue Wu
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dahai Hu
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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21
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Heine A, Schilling J, Grünwald B, Krüger A, Gevensleben H, Held SAE, Garbi N, Kurts C, Brossart P, Knolle P, Diehl L, Höchst B. The induction of human myeloid derived suppressor cells through hepatic stellate cells is dose-dependently inhibited by the tyrosine kinase inhibitors nilotinib, dasatinib and sorafenib, but not sunitinib. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2016; 65:273-82. [PMID: 26786874 PMCID: PMC11029563 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-015-1790-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Increased numbers of immunosuppressive myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) correlate with a poor prognosis in cancer patients. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are used as standard therapy for the treatment of several neoplastic diseases. However, TKIs not only exert effects on the malignant cell clone itself but also affect immune cells. Here, we investigate the effect of TKIs on the induction of MDSCs that differentiate from mature human monocytes using a new in vitro model of MDSC induction through activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). We show that frequencies of monocytic CD14(+)HLA-DR(-/low) MDSCs derived from mature monocytes were significantly and dose-dependently reduced in the presence of dasatinib, nilotinib and sorafenib, whereas sunitinib had no effect. These regulatory effects were only observed when TKIs were present during the early induction phase of MDSCs through activated HSCs, whereas already differentiated MDSCs were not further influenced by TKIs. Neither the MAPK nor the NFκB pathway was modulated in MDSCs when any of the TKIs was applied. When functional analyses were performed, we found that myeloid cells treated with sorafenib, nilotinib or dasatinib, but not sunitinib, displayed decreased suppressive capacity with regard to CD8+ T cell proliferation. Our results indicate that sorafenib, nilotinib and dasatinib, but not sunitinib, decrease the HSC-mediated differentiation of monocytes into functional MDSCs. Therefore, treatment of cancer patients with these TKIs may in addition to having a direct effect on cancer cells also prevent the differentiation of monocytes into MDSCs and thereby differentially modulate the success of immunotherapeutic or other anti-cancer approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annkristin Heine
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, 53127, Bonn, Germany.
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Judith Schilling
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Barbara Grünwald
- Institute for Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Achim Krüger
- Institute for Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Stefanie Andrea Erika Held
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Natalio Garbi
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christian Kurts
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Brossart
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Percy Knolle
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, 53127, Bonn, Germany
- Institute for Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Linda Diehl
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bastian Höchst
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, 53127, Bonn, Germany.
- Institute for Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
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Furtek SL, Backos DS, Matheson CJ, Reigan P. Strategies and Approaches of Targeting STAT3 for Cancer Treatment. ACS Chem Biol 2016; 11:308-18. [PMID: 26730496 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.5b00945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a transcription factor that regulates the expression of genes related to cell cycle, cell survival, and immune response associated with cancer progression and malignancy in a number of cancer types. Once activated, STAT3 forms a homodimer and translocates to the nucleus where it binds DNA promoting the translation of target genes associated with antiapoptosis, angiogenesis, and invasion/migration. In normal cells, levels of activated STAT3 remain transient; however, STAT3 remains constitutively active in approximately 70% of human solid tumors. The pivotal role of STAT3 in tumor progression has promoted a campaign in drug discovery to identify small molecules that disrupt the function of STAT3. A range of approaches have been used to identify novel small molecule inhibitors of STAT3, including high-throughput screening of chemical libraries, computational-based virtual screening, and fragment-based design strategies. The most common approaches in targeting STAT3 activity are either via the inhibition of tyrosine kinases capable of phosphorylating and thereby activating STAT3 or by preventing the formation of functional STAT3 dimers through disruption of the SH2 domains. However, the targeting of the STAT3 DNA-binding domain and disruption of binding of STAT3 to its DNA promoter have not been thoroughly examined, mainly due to the lack of adequate assay systems. This review summarizes the development of STAT3 inhibitors organized by the approach used to inhibit STAT3, the current inhibitors of each class, and the assay systems used to evaluate STAT3 inhibition and offers an insight into future approaches for small molecule STAT3 inhibitor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffanie L. Furtek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12850 East Montview Boulevard, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Donald S. Backos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12850 East Montview Boulevard, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Christopher J. Matheson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12850 East Montview Boulevard, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Philip Reigan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12850 East Montview Boulevard, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
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