1
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Lalonde RL, Kemmler CL, Riemslagh FW, Aman AJ, Kresoja-Rakic J, Moran HR, Nieuwenhuize S, Parichy DM, Burger A, Mosimann C. Heterogeneity and genomic loci of ubiquitous transgenic Cre reporter lines in zebrafish. Dev Dyn 2022; 251:1754-1773. [PMID: 35582941 PMCID: PMC10069295 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The most-common strategy for zebrafish Cre/lox-mediated lineage labeling experiments combines ubiquitously expressed, lox-based Switch reporter transgenes with tissue-specific Cre or 4-OH-Tamoxifen-inducible CreERT2 driver lines. Although numerous Cre driver lines have been produced, only a few broadly expressed Switch reporters exist in zebrafish and their generation by random transgene integration has been challenging due to position-effect sensitivity of the lox-flanked recombination cassettes. Here, we compare commonly used Switch reporter lines for their recombination efficiency and reporter expression pattern during zebrafish development. RESULTS Using different experimental setups, we show that ubi:Switch and hsp70l:Switch outperform current generations of the two additional Switch reporters actb2:BFP-DsRed and actb2:Stop-DsRed. Our comparisons also document preferential Cre-dependent recombination of ubi:Switch and hsp70l:Switch in distinct zebrafish tissues at early developmental stages. To investigate what genomic features may influence Cre accessibility and lox recombination efficiency in highly functional Switch lines, we mapped these transgenes and charted chromatin dynamics at their integration sites. CONCLUSIONS Our data documents the heterogeneity among lox-based Switch transgenes toward informing suitable transgene selection for lineage labeling experiments. Our work further proposes that ubi:Switch and hsp70l:Switch define genomic integration sites suitable for universal transgene or switch reporter knock-in in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Lalonde
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Cassie L Kemmler
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Fréderike W Riemslagh
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Andrew J Aman
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.,Department of Biology and Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Jelena Kresoja-Rakic
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Hannah R Moran
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Susan Nieuwenhuize
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - David M Parichy
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.,Department of Biology and Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Alexa Burger
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Christian Mosimann
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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2
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Liu F, Kambakam S, Almeida MP, Ming Z, Welker JM, Wierson WA, Schultz-Rogers LE, Ekker SC, Clark KJ, Essner JJ, McGrail M. Cre/ lox regulated conditional rescue and inactivation with zebrafish UFlip alleles generated by CRISPR-Cas9 targeted integration. eLife 2022; 11:71478. [PMID: 35713402 PMCID: PMC9270027 DOI: 10.7554/elife.71478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to regulate gene activity spatially and temporally is essential to investigate cell type-specific gene function during development and in postembryonic processes and disease models. The Cre/lox system has been widely used for performing cell and tissue-specific conditional analysis of gene function in zebrafish. However, simple and efficient methods for isolation of stable, Cre/lox regulated zebrafish alleles are lacking. Here we applied our GeneWeld CRISPR-Cas9 targeted integration strategy to generate floxed alleles that provide robust conditional inactivation and rescue. A universal targeting vector, UFlip, with sites for cloning short homology arms flanking a floxed 2A-mRFP gene trap, was integrated into an intron in rbbp4 and rb1. rbbp4off and rb1off integration alleles resulted in strong mRFP expression, >99% reduction of endogenous gene expression, and recapitulated known indel loss of function phenotypes. Introduction of Cre led to stable inversion of the floxed cassette, loss of mRFP expression, and phenotypic rescue. rbbp4on and rb1on integration alleles did not cause phenotypes in combination with a loss of function mutation. Addition of Cre led to conditional inactivation by stable inversion of the cassette, gene trapping and mRFP expression, and the expected mutant phenotype. Neural progenitor Cre drivers were used for conditional inactivation and phenotypic rescue to showcase how this approach can be used in specific cell populations. Together these results validate a simplified approach for efficient isolation of Cre/lox responsive conditional alleles in zebrafish. Our strategy provides a new toolkit for generating genetic mosaics and represents a significant advance in zebrafish genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, United States
| | - Sekhar Kambakam
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, United States
| | - Maira P Almeida
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, United States
| | - Zhitao Ming
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, United States
| | - Jordan M Welker
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, United States
| | - Wesley A Wierson
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, United States
| | - Laura E Schultz-Rogers
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, United States
| | - Stephen C Ekker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States
| | - Karl J Clark
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States
| | - Jeffrey J Essner
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, United States
| | - Maura McGrail
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, United States
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3
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Chowdhury K, Lin S, Lai SL. Comparative Study in Zebrafish and Medaka Unravels the Mechanisms of Tissue Regeneration. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.783818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue regeneration has been in the spotlight of research for its fascinating nature and potential applications in human diseases. The trait of regenerative capacity occurs diversely across species and tissue contexts, while it seems to decline over evolution. Organisms with variable regenerative capacity are usually distinct in phylogeny, anatomy, and physiology. This phenomenon hinders the feasibility of studying tissue regeneration by directly comparing regenerative with non-regenerative animals, such as zebrafish (Danio rerio) and mice (Mus musculus). Medaka (Oryzias latipes) is a fish model with a complete reference genome and shares a common ancestor with zebrafish approximately 110–200 million years ago (compared to 650 million years with mice). Medaka shares similar features with zebrafish, including size, diet, organ system, gross anatomy, and living environment. However, while zebrafish regenerate almost every organ upon experimental injury, medaka shows uneven regenerative capacity. Their common and distinct biological features make them a unique platform for reciprocal analyses to understand the mechanisms of tissue regeneration. Here we summarize current knowledge about tissue regeneration in these fish models in terms of injured tissues, repairing mechanisms, available materials, and established technologies. We further highlight the concept of inter-species and inter-organ comparisons, which may reveal mechanistic insights and hint at therapeutic strategies for human diseases.
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4
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Schnabl J, Litz MPH, Schneider C, PenkoffLidbeck N, Bashiruddin S, Schwartz MS, Alligood K, Devoto SH, Barresi MJF. Characterizing the diverse cells that associate with the developing commissures of the zebrafish forebrain. Dev Neurobiol 2021; 81:671-695. [PMID: 33314626 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
During embryonic development of bilaterally symmetrical organisms, neurons send axons across the midline at specific points to connect the two halves of the nervous system with a commissure. Little is known about the cells at the midline that facilitate this tightly regulated process. We exploit the conserved process of vertebrate embryonic development in the zebrafish model system to elucidate the identity of cells at the midline that may facilitate postoptic (POC) and anterior commissure (AC) development. We have discovered that three different gfap+ astroglial cell morphologies persist in contact with pathfinding axons throughout commissure formation. Similarly, olig2+ progenitor cells occupy delineated portions of the postoptic and anterior commissures where they act as multipotent, neural progenitors. Moreover, we conclude that both gfap+ and olig2+ progenitor cells give rise to neuronal populations in both the telencephalon and diencephalon; however, these varied cell populations showed significant developmental timing differences between the telencephalon and diencephalon. Lastly, we also showed that fli1a+ mesenchymal cells migrate along the presumptive commissure regions before and during midline axon crossing. Furthermore, following commissure maturation, specific blood vessels formed at the midline of the POC and immediately ventral and parallel to the AC. This comprehensive account of the cellular populations that correlate with the timing and position of commissural axon pathfinding has supported the conceptual modeling and identification of the early forebrain architecture that may be necessary for proper commissure development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake Schnabl
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Mackenzie P H Litz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Smith College, Northampton, MA, USA.,Computational and Systems Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Caitlin Schneider
- Department of Biological Sciences, Smith College, Northampton, MA, USA.,McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Sarah Bashiruddin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Smith College, Northampton, MA, USA.,Family Medicine Assoc, Westfield, MA, USA
| | - Morgan S Schwartz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Smith College, Northampton, MA, USA.,Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Kristin Alligood
- Department of Biological Sciences, Smith College, Northampton, MA, USA.,Farmers Conservation Alliance, Hood River, OR, USA
| | | | - Michael J F Barresi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, Smith College, Northampton, MA, USA
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5
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Cre-Controlled CRISPR mutagenesis provides fast and easy conditional gene inactivation in zebrafish. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1125. [PMID: 33602923 PMCID: PMC7893016 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21427-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Conditional gene inactivation is a powerful tool to determine gene function when constitutive mutations result in detrimental effects. The most commonly used technique to achieve conditional gene inactivation employs the Cre/loxP system and its ability to delete DNA sequences flanked by two loxP sites. However, targeting a gene with two loxP sites is time and labor consuming. Here, we show Cre-Controlled CRISPR (3C) mutagenesis to circumvent these issues. 3C relies on gRNA and Cre-dependent Cas9-GFP expression from the same transgene. Exogenous or transgenic supply of Cre results in Cas9-GFP expression and subsequent mutagenesis of the gene of interest. The recombined cells become fluorescently visible enabling their isolation and subjection to various omics techniques. Hence, 3C mutagenesis provides a valuable alternative to the production of loxP-flanked alleles. It might even enable the conditional inactivation of multiple genes simultaneously and should be applicable to other model organisms amenable to single integration transgenesis. Targeting a gene with two loxP sites is both time and labour intensive. Here the authors present Cre-Controlled CRISPR allowing conditional mutagenesis of a gene of interest and simultaneously labelling the putative mutant cells fluorescently.
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6
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Almeida MP, Welker JM, Siddiqui S, Luiken J, Ekker SC, Clark KJ, Essner JJ, McGrail M. Endogenous zebrafish proneural Cre drivers generated by CRISPR/Cas9 short homology directed targeted integration. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1732. [PMID: 33462297 PMCID: PMC7813866 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81239-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported efficient precision targeted integration of reporter DNA in zebrafish and human cells using CRISPR/Cas9 and short regions of homology. Here, we apply this strategy to isolate zebrafish Cre recombinase drivers whose spatial and temporal restricted expression mimics endogenous genes. A 2A-Cre recombinase transgene with 48 bp homology arms was targeted into proneural genes ascl1b, olig2 and neurod1. We observed high rates of germline transmission ranging from 10 to 100% (2/20 olig2; 1/5 neurod1; 3/3 ascl1b). The transgenic lines Tg(ascl1b-2A-Cre)is75, Tg(olig2-2A-Cre)is76, and Tg(neurod1-2A-Cre)is77 expressed functional Cre recombinase in the expected proneural cell populations. Somatic targeting of 2A-CreERT2 into neurod1 resulted in tamoxifen responsive recombination in the nervous system. The results demonstrate Cre recombinase expression is driven by the native promoter and regulatory elements of the targeted genes. This approach provides a straightforward, efficient, and cost-effective method to generate cell type specific zebrafish Cre and CreERT2 drivers, overcoming challenges associated with promoter-BAC and transposon mediated transgenics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maira P Almeida
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.,Genetics and Genomics Interdepartmental Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Jordan M Welker
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.,Genetics and Genomics Interdepartmental Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.,Department III - Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Sahiba Siddiqui
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.,Genetics and Genomics Interdepartmental Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Jon Luiken
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Stephen C Ekker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Karl J Clark
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Essner
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.,Genetics and Genomics Interdepartmental Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Maura McGrail
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA. .,Genetics and Genomics Interdepartmental Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
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7
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Noel NCL, MacDonald IM, Allison WT. Zebrafish Models of Photoreceptor Dysfunction and Degeneration. Biomolecules 2021; 11:78. [PMID: 33435268 PMCID: PMC7828047 DOI: 10.3390/biom11010078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish are an instrumental system for the generation of photoreceptor degeneration models, which can be utilized to determine underlying causes of photoreceptor dysfunction and death, and for the analysis of potential therapeutic compounds, as well as the characterization of regenerative responses. We review the wealth of information from existing zebrafish models of photoreceptor disease, specifically as they relate to currently accepted taxonomic classes of human rod and cone disease. We also highlight that rich, detailed information can be derived from studying photoreceptor development, structure, and function, including behavioural assessments and in vivo imaging of zebrafish. Zebrafish models are available for a diversity of photoreceptor diseases, including cone dystrophies, which are challenging to recapitulate in nocturnal mammalian systems. Newly discovered models of photoreceptor disease and drusenoid deposit formation may not only provide important insights into pathogenesis of disease, but also potential therapeutic approaches. Zebrafish have already shown their use in providing pre-clinical data prior to testing genetic therapies in clinical trials, such as antisense oligonucleotide therapy for Usher syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole C. L. Noel
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada; (I.M.M.); (W.T.A.)
| | - Ian M. MacDonald
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada; (I.M.M.); (W.T.A.)
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R7, Canada
| | - W. Ted Allison
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada; (I.M.M.); (W.T.A.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada
- Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M8, Canada
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8
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Chemello G, Randazzo B, Zarantoniello M, Fifi AP, Aversa S, Ballarin C, Radaelli G, Magro M, Olivotto I. Safety assessment of antibiotic administration by magnetic nanoparticles in in vitro zebrafish liver and intestine cultures. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 224:108559. [PMID: 31254662 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2019.108559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Different in vitro models have been suggested to replace in vivo studies. In vitro studies are of great interest and give the opportunity to analyze cellular responses in a closed system with stable experimental conditions and to avoid direct animal exposure and distress during the experiments. These methods are useful to test drugs and chemicals toxicity in order to better understand their environmental impact. In the present study, fish organ cultures have been used to test different oxytetracycline exposure methods, including oxide nanoparticles (IONPs), using zebrafish as experimental model. Results showed that oxytetracycline accumulation at the end of the experiment (24 h) in the exposed organs did not show any significant difference in the analyzed samples and was not dependent on the exposure way (free or IONPs-bound oxytetracycline). However, as regards molecular analysis, the different exposure ways tested in this study showed some differences in the expression of genes involved in stress response. The present data did not completely agree with a previous in vivo study performed in zebrafish using IONPs, underlying that replacement of in vivo models with in vitro studies cannot always represent the complexity of interactions typical of a biological system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Chemello
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Basilio Randazzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Matteo Zarantoniello
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | | | | | - Cristina Ballarin
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Comparata e Alimentazione, Università degli Studi di Padova, Agripolis, Viale dell'Università, 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Radaelli
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Comparata e Alimentazione, Università degli Studi di Padova, Agripolis, Viale dell'Università, 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Magro
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Comparata e Alimentazione, Università degli Studi di Padova, Agripolis, Viale dell'Università, 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Ike Olivotto
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy.
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9
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Stolper J, Ambrosio EM, Danciu DP, Buono L, Elliott DA, Naruse K, Martínez-Morales JR, Marciniak-Czochra A, Centanin L. Stem cell topography splits growth and homeostatic functions in the fish gill. eLife 2019; 8:43747. [PMID: 31090541 PMCID: PMC6534379 DOI: 10.7554/elife.43747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While lower vertebrates contain adult stem cells (aSCs) that maintain homeostasis and drive un-exhaustive organismal growth, mammalian aSCs display mainly the homeostatic function. Here, we use lineage analysis in the medaka fish gill to address aSCs and report separate stem cell populations for homeostasis and growth. These aSCs are fate-restricted during the entire post-embryonic life and even during re-generation paradigms. We use chimeric animals to demonstrate that p53 mediates growth coordination among fate-restricted aSCs, suggesting a hierarchical organisation among lineages in composite organs like the fish gill. Homeostatic and growth aSCs are clonal but differ in their topology; modifications in tissue architecture can convert the homeostatic zone into a growth zone, indicating a leading role for the physical niche defining stem cell output. We hypothesise that physical niches are main players to restrict aSCs to a homeostatic function in animals with fixed adult size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Stolper
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | | | | | - Lorena Buono
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - David A Elliott
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Kiyoshi Naruse
- Laboratory of Bioresources, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | | | - Anna Marciniak-Czochra
- Institute of Applied Mathematics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,Bioquant Center, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lazaro Centanin
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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10
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Mukherjee K, Liao EC. Generation and characterization of a zebrafish muscle specific inducible Cre line. Transgenic Res 2018; 27:559-569. [PMID: 30353407 PMCID: PMC6364321 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-018-0098-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Zebrafish transgenic lines provide valuable insights into gene functions, cell lineages and cell behaviors during development. Spatiotemporal control over transgene expression is a critical need in many experimental approaches, with applications in loss- and gain-of-function expression, ectopic expression and lineage tracing experiments. The Cre/loxP recombination system is a powerful tool to provide this control and the demand for validated Cre and loxP zebrafish transgenics is high. One of the major challenges to widespread application of Cre/loxP technology in zebrafish is comparatively small numbers of established tissue-specific Cre or CreERT2 lines. We used Tol2-mediated transgenesis to generate Tg(CrymCherry;-1.9mylz2:CreERT2) which provides an inducible CreERT2 source driven by muscle-specific mylz2 promoter. The transgenic specifically labels the trunk and tail skeletal muscles. We assessed the temporal responsiveness of the transgenic by screening with a validated loxP reporter transgenic ubi:Switch. Further, we evaluated the recombination efficiency in the transgenic with varying concentrations of 4-OHT, for different induction time periods and at different stages of embryogenesis and observed that higher recombination efficiency is achieved when embryos are induced with 10 μM 4-OHT from 10-somites or 24 hpf till 48 or 72 hpf. The transgenic is an addition to currently available zebrafish transgenesis toolbox and a significant tool to advance muscle biology studies in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kusumika Mukherjee
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Eric C Liao
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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11
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Abstract
Myelination by oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS) and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system is essential for nervous system function and health. Despite its importance, we have a relatively poor understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms that regulate myelination in the living animal, particularly in the CNS. This is partly due to the fact that myelination commences around birth in mammals, by which time the CNS is complex and largely inaccessible, and thus very difficult to image live in its intact form. As a consequence, in recent years much effort has been invested in the use of smaller, simpler, transparent model organisms to investigate mechanisms of myelination in vivo. Although the majority of such studies have employed zebrafish, the Xenopus tadpole also represents an important complementary system with advantages for investigating myelin biology in vivo. Here we review how the natural features of zebrafish embryos and larvae and Xenopus tadpoles make them ideal systems for experimentally interrogating myelination by live imaging. We outline common transgenic technologies used to generate zebrafish and Xenopus that express fluorescent reporters, which can be used to image myelination. We also provide an extensive overview of the imaging modalities most commonly employed to date to image the nervous system in these transparent systems, and also emerging technologies that we anticipate will become widely used in studies of zebrafish and Xenopus myelination in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenea M Bin
- Centre for Neuroregeneration, MS Society Centre for Translational Research, Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David A Lyons
- Centre for Neuroregeneration, MS Society Centre for Translational Research, Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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12
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Jungke P, Hans S, Gupta M, Machate A, Zöller D, Brand M. Generation of a conditionallima1aallele in zebrafish using the FLEx switch technology. Genesis 2015; 54:19-28. [DOI: 10.1002/dvg.22909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peggy Jungke
- Biotechnology Center and Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden University of Technology; Tatzberg Dresden 47-49, 01307 Germany
| | - Stefan Hans
- Biotechnology Center and Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden University of Technology; Tatzberg Dresden 47-49, 01307 Germany
| | - Mansi Gupta
- Biotechnology Center and Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden University of Technology; Tatzberg Dresden 47-49, 01307 Germany
| | - Anja Machate
- Biotechnology Center and Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden University of Technology; Tatzberg Dresden 47-49, 01307 Germany
| | - Daniela Zöller
- Biotechnology Center and Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden University of Technology; Tatzberg Dresden 47-49, 01307 Germany
| | - Michael Brand
- Biotechnology Center and Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden University of Technology; Tatzberg Dresden 47-49, 01307 Germany
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Marquart GD, Tabor KM, Brown M, Strykowski JL, Varshney GK, LaFave MC, Mueller T, Burgess SM, Higashijima SI, Burgess HA. A 3D Searchable Database of Transgenic Zebrafish Gal4 and Cre Lines for Functional Neuroanatomy Studies. Front Neural Circuits 2015; 9:78. [PMID: 26635538 PMCID: PMC4656851 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2015.00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Transgenic methods enable the selective manipulation of neurons for functional mapping of neuronal circuits. Using confocal microscopy, we have imaged the cellular-level expression of 109 transgenic lines in live 6 day post fertilization larvae, including 80 Gal4 enhancer trap lines, 9 Cre enhancer trap lines and 20 transgenic lines that express fluorescent proteins in defined gene-specific patterns. Image stacks were acquired at single micron resolution, together with a broadly expressed neural marker, which we used to align enhancer trap reporter patterns into a common 3-dimensional reference space. To facilitate use of this resource, we have written software that enables searching for transgenic lines that label cells within a selectable 3-dimensional region of interest (ROI) or neuroanatomical area. This software also enables the intersectional expression of transgenes to be predicted, a feature which we validated by detecting cells with co-expression of Cre and Gal4. Many of the imaged enhancer trap lines show intrinsic brain-specific expression. However, to increase the utility of lines that also drive expression in non-neuronal tissue we have designed a novel UAS reporter, that suppresses expression in heart, muscle, and skin through the incorporation of microRNA binding sites in a synthetic 3′ untranslated region. Finally, we mapped the site of transgene integration, thus providing molecular identification of the expression pattern for most lines. Cumulatively, this library of enhancer trap lines provides genetic access to 70% of the larval brain and is therefore a powerful and broadly accessible tool for the dissection of neural circuits in larval zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory D Marquart
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD, USA ; Neuroscience and Cognitive Science Program, University of Maryland College Park, MD, USA
| | - Kathryn M Tabor
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mary Brown
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer L Strykowski
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gaurav K Varshney
- Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Matthew C LaFave
- Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Thomas Mueller
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Shawn M Burgess
- Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shin-Ichi Higashijima
- National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institute for Physiological Sciences Aichi, Japan
| | - Harold A Burgess
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD, USA ; Neuroscience and Cognitive Science Program, University of Maryland College Park, MD, USA
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