Prevalence of Obesity and Related Factors among Bouyei and Han Peoples in Guizhou Province, Southwest China

Prevalence, associated factors, and gene polymorphisms of obesity in Tibetan adults in Qinghai, China

OBJECTIVES

To explore the prevalence and associated factors of obesity in Tibetan adults in Qinghai, China, and to determine the association between the FTO (rs1121980 and rs17817449) and MC4R gene (rs17782313 and rs12970134) polymorphisms with obesity.

METHODS

A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2015 in Qinghai to selected Tibetan adults aged 20 to 80 years. Prevalence of obesity (BMI ≥ 28 kg/m2) and overweight (BMI 24 ~ 27.9 kg/m2) were evaluated. Multivariable logistic models were used to determine the associated factors. Pair-matched subjects of obesity cases and normal-weight controls were selected for the gene polymorphism analyses. Conditional logistic models were used to assess the association between gene polymorphisms with obesity. Additive and multiplicative gene-environment interactions were tested.

RESULTS

A total of 1741 Tibetan adults were enrolled. The age- and sex- standardized prevalence of obesity and overweight was 18.09% and 31.71%, respectively. Male sex, older age, heavy level of leisure-time exercise, current smoke, and heavy level of occupational physical activity were associated with both obesity and overweight. MC4R gene polymorphisms were associated with obesity in Tibetan adults. No significant gene-environment interaction was detected.

CONCLUSION

The prevalence of obesity and overweight in Tibetan adults was high. Both environmental and genetic factors contributed to the obesity prevalent.

Body-mass index and obesity in infertile couples in southwest China

To investigate body mass index (BMI) of infertile couples and analyze its related influencing factors in Southwest China, so as to prevent and control the obesity. We analyzed the data of a total number of 8877 infertile couples who received treatment in our assisted reproductive center from October 2012 to March 2022. The mean age and BMI of men and women were 33.5 years, 23.9 kg/m2 and 31.6 years, 21.9 kg/m2. The prevalence of overweight (BMI 25-29.9) was 30.9% in men and 14.7% in women, 3.7% of men and 1.6% of women were obese (BMI ≥ 30), while 3.6% of men and 10.8% of women were underweight (BMI<18.5). Multivariable linear regression analysis indicated that the age and educational background of both women and men had an impact on BMI. In our study, the proportion of male obesity and overweight is much higher than that of female. On the other hand, the proportion of females with low weight was higher than that of males. The age and educational background of men and women have a certain correlation with BMI.

Prevalence and related factors of abdominal obesity among urban adults aged 35 to 79 years in southwest China

Objectives

This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and related factors of abdominal obesity among urban adults aged 35 to 79 years in southwest China.

Methods

From September 2013 to March 2014, a multi-stage sampling was conducted, and a total of 10,981 people aged 35-79 years living in Chengdu and Chongqing were included. More than 30 investigators were trained in data collection, including questionnaire, anthropometric measurements and blood biomarkers testing. Abdominal obesity was defined as waist circumference ≥ 90 cm for men and ≥ 85 cm for women.

Results

The prevalence of abdominal obesity was 30.7%, 24.8% in males and 33.9% in females (p < 0.001). The prevalence of abdominal obesity increased with BMI. The prevalence of abdominal obesity was positively correlated with age, sex, marriage, alcohol consumption, hypertension and diabetes, and negatively correlated with high education level, smoking and Physical activity.

Conclusion

The prevalence of abdominal obesity among adults aged 35-79 in urban communities in southwest China is high, which is close to that of adults in urban communities in China. We should strengthen health education among the population, adopt healthy diet, maintain moderate physical activity and other measures to curb the prevalence of abdominal obesity in urban communities in southwest China.

Magnitude of central obesity and associated factors among adult patients attending public health facilities in Adama town, Oromia region, Ethiopia, 2022

BACKGROUND

Central obesity is excessive accumulation of fat around the abdomen, which is associated with the risk of coronary heart and cerebrovascular diseases. This study determined the magnitude of central obesity among adult patients using the waist-to-hip ratio, which has a superior capacity to measure the risk of developing non-communicable diseases compared to the body mass index used in previous studies in Ethiopia.

METHODS

Institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among a sample of 480 adults from April 1 to May 30, 2022. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Data were collected by using interviewer-administered structured questionnaires and anthropometric measurements. The data were entered into EPI INFO version 7 and analyzed by Statistical Software for Social Science Version 25. The associations between independent and dependent variables were checked using bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence interval were used to measure the strengths of the association. Statistical significance was declared at a P value of less than 0.05.

RESULTS

The magnitude of central obesity in this study was 40% (51.2% and 27.4% among females and males, respectively (95% CI 36-44%)). Being a female (AOR = 9.5, 95% CI 5.22-17.9), age range 35-44 (AOR = 7.0, 95% CI 2.9-16.7), 45-64 years (AOR = 10.1, 95% CI4.0-15.2), married (AOR = 2.5, 95% CI 1.3-4.7), high monthly income (AOR = 3.3, 95% CI 1.5-7.3), high consumption of milk and milk products (AOR = 0.3, 95% CI 0.1-0.6), family history of obesity (AOR = 1.8, 95% CI 1.1-3.2) were significantly associated with central obesity among the study participants.

CONCLUSION

The magnitude of central obesity was higher in the study area. Sex, age, marital status, monthly income, consumption of milk and milk products, and family history of obesity were independent determinants of central obesity. Therefore, it is important to raise awareness about central obesity through behavior change communication that targets the high-risk population.

The prevalence and associated factors of overweight/obesity and abdominal obesity in South-eastern of Iran: a cross-sectional study based on Rafsanjan cohort study

BACKGROUND

Obesity has become a major health issue in both high and middle-income countries, increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases and all-cause mortality. Risk of obesity is related to both unchangeable factors such as genetics and gender, and modifiable lifestyle factors. Most importantly, finding the major modifiable lifestyle factors which contribute to obesity may provide valuable benefits to every society. This study aimed to determine the association of demographic and lifestyle parameters with overweight/obesity and abdominal obesity in a population of Iranian adults.

METHODS

In this cross-sectional study, adult participants of Rafsanjan Cohort Study (RCS) (as one of the district areas of the PERSIAN cohort (Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies in IrAN) included the study population. RCS is a population-based prospective cohort of men and women aged 35-70 years, launched in August 2015. Individuals were recruited from four urban and suburban areas of Rafsanjan, south-eastern of Iran. Trained experts interviewed each participant and completed the related questionnaires about his/her socioeconomic status, demography, anthropometric features, personal habits, physical activity and medical history. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to examine the relationships between overweight/obesity/abdominal obesity and associated factors.

RESULTS

From 9980 participants, 1974 (42.42%) males and 2115 (39.70%) females were overweight, 784 (16.85%) males, 2223 (41.73%) females were obese and 1895 (40.73%) males and 989 (18.57%) females were normal weight. Also, 832 (17.9%) males and 4548 (85.4%) females had abdominal obesity and 3819 (82.1%) males and 778 (14.6%) females didn't have abdominal obesity. Based on the adjusted multiple logistic regression, overweight/obesity (BMI > 25) was associated with age > 45, female gender, education ≥ 13 years, heavy physical activity, wealth status index (WSI), alcohol consumption, current cigarette smoking and opium consumption compared to reference group. Also, odds of abdominal obesity displayed a significant association with age > 45, female gender, education > 5 years, physical activity, WSI, current cigarette smoking, alcohol and opium consumption compared to reference group.

CONCLUSIONS

Our results recommend local public health strategies that promote training the society on the health benefits of avoiding alcohol, getting more physical exercise and gaining more personal education on the health-threatening lifestyle.

Associations between depression and the incident risk of obesity in southwest China: A community population prospective cohort study

Objective

This study aimed to describe the incidence of obesity and investigate associations between depression and the risk of incident obesity among residents in Southwest China.

Methods

A 10-year prospective cohort study of 4,745 non-obese adults was conducted in Guizhou, southwest China from 2010 to 2020. Depression was assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) while the obesity was identified by waist circumference (WC) and/or body mass index (BMI). Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of depression and incident obesity.

Results

A total of 1,115 incident obesity were identified over an average follow-up of 7.19 years, with an incidence of 32.66 per 1,000 PYs for any obesity, 31.14 per 1,000 PYs and 9.40 per 1,000 PYs for abdominal obesity and general obesity, respectively. After adjustment for potential confounding factors, risks of incident abdominal obesity for subjects with minimal (aHR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.43), and mild or more advanced depression (aHR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.62) were statistically higher than those not depressed, while there was no significant association with incident general obesity. The risks of any incident obesity among subjects with minimal (aHR: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.40), mild or more advanced depression (aHR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.64) were significantly higher than those not depressed and positive association was found for PHQ score per SD increase (aHR: 1.07, 95%CI: 1.01, 1.13), too. The association was stronger significantly in Han Chinese (minimal: aHR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.52; mild or more advanced: aHR: 1.70, 95% CI: 1.30, 2.21) and farmers (minimal: aHR: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.35, 2.01; mild or more advanced: aHR: 1.82, 95% CI: 1.32, 2.51).

Conclusion

Depression increased the risk of incident obesity among adults in Southwest China, especially among Han Chinese and farmers. This finding suggests that preventing and controlling depression may benefit the control of incident obesity.

Exposure to Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers and Phthalates in China: A Disease Burden and Cost Analysis

Increasing evidence indicates that endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) cause a variety of adverse health outcomes and contribute to substantial disease burden. This study summarized the exposure status of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and phthalates (PAEs) in China and evaluated the disease burden attributable to PBDEs and PAEs in 2015. The results showed that PBDE and PAE concentrations were higher in coastal areas. The disease burden attributable to PBDEs was 0.77 million cases, and the economic costs were CNY 18.92 billion. Meanwhile, 3.02 million individuals suffered from diseases attributable to PAEs, and the economic costs were CNY 49.20 billion. The economic burden caused by PBDEs and PAEs accounted for 0.28% and 0.72% of China's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in 2015, respectively. When comparing China's results from 2010, it was determined that the GDP ratio of economic costs caused by PAEs in 2015 (0.72%) was lower than in 2010 (1.42%). Finally, compared with the results of the European Union and North America, the GDP ratios of economic costs caused by PAEs in 2015 were 0.19% in Canada (lower than China), 0.29% in the United States (lower than China), and 1.44% in the European Union (higher than China). This study provides important reference values for China's health governance, and further research should be conducted in the future.

Prevalence of abdominal obesity and associated risk factors among women civil servants in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2021: an institution-based study

Background

Abdominal obesity increases the risk of cardio-metabolic diseases, disability, and poor quality of life, as well as health-care costs. It is a component of the metabolic syndrome, along with hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. The goal of this study was to determine the prevalence of abdominal obesity and associated risk factors among female civil servants in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia in 2021.

Methods

An institution-based cross-sectional study was undertaken from March31^st to April 15^th, 2021.A multi-stage sampling technique was employed to select 478 study participants. Data was entered into EpiData version 3.1 and then exported to SPSS version 21 for analysis. A descriptive data analysis was used to present the distribution of study variables. Bivariable and multivariable analyses were used to assess the relationship between independent variables and abdominal obesity at 95% CI. The level of statistical significance was declared at a p-value less than 0.05.

Result

The prevalence of abdominal obesity defined by waist circumference was found to be29.5% (95% CI: 25.39-33.6%) and 32.8% (95% CI: 28.57%-37.03%) by waist hip ratio, respectively. Age group 29-37 years [AOR= 2.451, 95% CI: (1.199-5.013)], age group 38-46 years [AOR=3.807, 95% CI: (1.328-10.914)], age group 47-55 years [AOR=6.489, 95% CI: (1.367-30.805)], being married [AOR= 4.762, 95% CI: (2.321-9.721)],consumption of meat >=5 per week[ AOR= 4.764, 95% CI: (1.939-11.711)], having lunch daily[AOR= 0.388, 95% CI:(0.166-0.910)] and snack consumption [AOR=4.163, 95% CI:(1.503-11.534)] were significantly associated with abdominal obesity.

Conclusion

The prevalence of abdominal obesity as measured by waist circumference and waist hip ratio was found to be moderate and high, respectively. Age, being married, high consumption of meat, and having lunch daily were identified as associated with abdominal obesity. Healthy diet health education and nutrition intervention should be considered, with a focus on married, meat-consuming, and older age-group female civil servants.

Supplementary Information

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40795-022-00613-9.

Association between age at arrival, duration of migration, and overweight/obesity in Chinese rural-to-urban migrants: the Yi migrant study

Background:

Urbanization in China is rapidly proceeding, but rural-to-urban migration and its association with overweight and obesity is not well studied. This study aimed to explore the age at arrival, duration of migration, and the corresponding association with overweight/obesity in Yi migrants in China.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted in rural and urban areas in 2015 in Sichuan province, China. Demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, and anthropometry were collected. General linear regression models were used to assess the effect of duration of migration (1–10, 11–20, 21–30, and >30 years) on body mass index (BMI). Multi-variable logistic regression was used to examine the association between duration of migration and overweight/obesity (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m²).

Results:

A total of 3056 Yi people (1894 Yi farmers and 1162 Yi migrants) aged 20 to 80 years were enrolled. After adjusting for age, sex, and other potential confounders, Yi migrants had 1.71 kg/m² (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.36–2.06) higher BMI and a 2.13-fold (95% CI: 1.71–2.65) higher risk of overweight/obesity than Yi farmers. In Yi migrants, stratified by age at arrival, no significant association between duration of migration and overweight/obesity was observed in those who were 0 to 20 years old at arrival. In comparison, in migrants >20 years old at arrival, compared with the reference group (1–10 years), long-term migration (>30 years) was found to be associated with overweight/obesity after adjustment (odds ratio: 1.85, 95% CI: 1.04–3.29).

Conclusions:

Yi migrants were observed to have greater risk of overweight/obesity than Yi farmers. In Yi migrants, the risk of overweight/obesity increased according to the duration of migration, especially in those who were older upon their arrival.

Association between obesity indicators and cardiovascular risk factors among adults in low-income Han Chinese from southwest China

There may be differences in optimal anthropometric cut-offs for diagnosing obesity among different regions of China. However, there has been little studies about choosing effective obesity indicators in Han People of low-income Chinese adults in southwest China. The purpose of this study was to compare and evaluate the associations between different obesity indicators and cardiovascular disease risk factors (CVDRF) and choose the optimal cut-off values.A cross-sectional study was carried out in southwest of China, with multi-stage sampling enrolling 2112 subjects aged 20 to 80 years old. Anthropometric measurements included Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), Hip circumference, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR). We measured the percentage of body fat (PBF) by bioelectrical impedance analyzer to assess the body composition. The validity of different obesity indicators in assessing CVDRF risk were assessed through comparison area under curve of different indicators in assessing CVDRF risk in different gender. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between the obesity indicators and CVDRF.When both male and female were considered, the optimal indicators were WHtR and percentage of body fat PBF for hypertension, WHR and WHtR for dyslipidemia. Both WC and WHtR were optimal indicators in assessing metabolic syndrome risk for both genders. When both disease and gender were considered, WHtR was the best associated indicators with various CVDRF. The cut-off of BMI and WC were consistent to the definition of obesity in Working Group of China. The WHtR positively correlated with the CVDRF. The cut-off of WHtR to do what was approximately 0.50 for adults in both genders in southwest of China.WHtR may be the best associated indicators for obesity-related CVDRF among the others (BMI, WC, Hip circumference, PBF, and WHR) in southwest of China. The cut-off of WHtR was approximately 0.50 for adults in both genders in southwest of China.

Which obesity-associated parameters can better reflect the risk of the occurrence of the anastomotic leakage?

Purpose: We investigated which obesity-associated parameters can better predict the risk of anastomotic leakage (AL) in rectal cancer patients that underwent anterior resection of the rectum.Method: Patients (n = 589) who underwent anterior resection of the rectum with a primary anastomosis were included in this study, including 44 patients with AL and 545 without AL. Univariate analysis was used to compare demographic characteristics and to select risk factors that were used in one-to-one propensity score matching (PSM). Obesity-associated parameters, including preoperative body mass index (BMI), visceral fat area (VFA), subcutaneous fat area (SFA), total fat area (TFA), VFA/TFA ratio, serum cholesterol, and triglycerides, were compared between the two groups after PSM.Results: Sex, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, operation time, and anastomosis level from the anal verge were risk factors for AL (p < .05). After the PSM, BMI, VFA, SFA, TFA, VFA/TFA, and serum cholesterol showed no significant difference between the two group (p > .05). However, the level of serum triglycerides was an independent risk factor for AL (p = .024, odds ratio = 2.95).Conclusions: Serum triglycerides have potential as a predictive indicator for AL, which may improve the treatment and outcomes of patients with AL.

The effect of increased body mass index values on surgical outcomes after radical resection for low rectal cancer

PURPOSES

This study aimed to explore the effect of increased body mass index (BMI) values (overweight: BMI ≥ 25-30 kg/m²; obese: BMI ≥ 30 kg/m²) on surgical outcomes after radical resection for low rectal cancer (LRC).

METHODS

Patients with LRC who underwent radical surgery from January 2009 to December 2013 were included. The patients were divided into three groups according to their BMI values (control group: BMI < 25 kg/m²; overweight group: BMI 25 to < 30 kg/m²; obese group: BMI ≥ 30 kg/m²). The patients' clinicopathological characteristics and survival data were collected and analyzed.

RESULTS

A total of 792 patients were enrolled in this study finally (control, n = 624; overweight, n = 147; obese, n = 21). The baseline characteristics of the three groups were similar. We found that an increased BMI was associated with a longer operative time (P < 0.001) and length of postoperative hospital stay (P = 0.032). Patients with increased BMI values had a significantly higher incidence of postoperative complications, including pulmonary infection (P = 0.008), anastomotic leakage (P = 0.029), allergy (P = 0.017) and incisional hernia (P = 0.045). The limited data showed that the pathological outcomes of the three groups did not differ to a statistically significant extent. A multivariate analysis showed that increased BMI was not associated with poorer OS or DFS.

CONCLUSION

In LRC resection, an increased BMI was associated with a longer operative time, postoperative hospital stay, and an increased number of postoperative complications. However, it did not contribute to poorer pathological or survival outcomes.

Characteristics and reference values of fat mass index and fat free mass index by bioelectrical impedance analysis in an adult population

BACKGROUND & AIMS

We aim to examine the influence of sex, age, region and ethnicity on fat mass index (FMI) and fat free mass index (FFMI), and to establish FMI and FFMI reference values in Chinese adults.

METHODS

A stratified cluster sampling method was adopted to enroll Chinese participants in this cross-sectional study. Questionnaire surveys and medical examinations were performed to collect data, and body composition parameters were measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis. FMI and FFMI were calculated as the ratio of fat mass and fat free mass to the square of height. Differences in mean values for parameters were tested by Student's t-test or one-way analysis of variance. Reference values of FMI and FFMI were obtained using the percentiles method.

RESULTS

A total of 8959 multiethnic healthy Chinese adults were included in the analysis. Males had higher mean FFMI (males, 18.6 ± 1.6 kg/m²; females, 15.7 ± 1.1 kg/m², P < 0.001) but lower mean FMI (males, 5.1 ± 2.1 kg/m²; females, 7.8 ± 2.8 kg/m², P < 0.001) than did female participants regardless of age and ethnicity. For both sexes, FMI (Male: Bouyei, 4.2 ± 1.8 kg/m²; Uygur, 5.8 ± 2.2 kg/m², P < 0.001; Female: Bouyei, 6.7 ± 2.3 kg/m²; Uygur, 9.0 ± 3.2 kg/m², P < 0.001) and FFMI (Male: Bouyei, 17.8 ± 1.4 kg/m²; Uygur, 19.4 ± 1.6 kg/m², P < 0.001; Female: Bouyei, 15.1 ± 1.0 kg/m²; Uygur, 16.3 ± 1.1 kg/m², P < 0.001) were lowest in Bouyeis and highest in Uygurs. FMI and FFMI values increased with age until they peaked in the 30-39 year age group in males and after the age of 40 years in females for all ethnic groups. Reference values (5th-95th percentile) of FMI and FFMI were presented according to gender, age, region and ethnicity.

CONCLUSION

The body composition of Chinese population differs in different age, sex, ethnicity and region subgroups. Practitioners and future studies may need to consider different reference values for FMI and FFMI in Chinese adults among Han, Bouyei and Uygur populations; these values can serve as indices for evaluating nutrition status and identifying abnormalities in body composition.

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Overweight or Obesity and Abdominal Obesity in Iranian Population: A Population-based Study of Northwestern Iran

BACKGROUND

This population-based study aimed at investigating the prevalence and associated factors of over-weight /obesity and abdominal obesity in Iran.

METHODS

The study population consists of 2818 inhabitant of the urban and regional area of East-Azerbaijan, Iran in 2015. The weight, height and waist circumferences were measured and the body mass index (BMI) and conicity index were calculated. The ANCOVA and logistic regression were used for statistical analysis.

RESULTS

Prevalence of overweight, obesity and abdominal obesity was 39.6%, 24%, and 76.4% respectively. Women showed the higher prevalence of obesity (32.2%) and abdominal obesity (81.4) than men (obesity: 15.1%; abdominal obesity: 68.6%). Age, marriage and family history of obesity were independent predictors of obesity in the population (P< 0.001). In men and women, nonsmokers (P<0.01) and subjects having more than two kids (P< 0.001) were also more expected to be overweight or obese and abdominally obese respectively.

CONCLUSION

More actions mostly focusing on education and physical activity levels, and changing eating habits are required.

Prevalence of overweight and obesity among primary school-aged children in Jiangsu Province, China, 2014-2017

Background

Data was limited on prevalence of overweight and obesity among primary school-aged children in Jiangsu Province. We aimed to present the current situation of obesity in Jiangsu Province and explore the relationship between obesity and other common diseases in children.

Methods

Physical examination among children aged 7 to 14 years in Jiangsu Province was conducted since 2014, and more than one third primary schools were covered annually. The physical measurements included body height, weight, blood pressure, vision, sex, age, and so on.

Results

The prevalence of overweight and obesity among primary school children was 15.2% (18.7% for male students and 11.0% for female students), and 11.7% (14.5% for male students and 8.2% for female students) respectively. Obesity/overweight prevalence varied by regions. Among them the lowest prevalence was found in the southern region of Jiangsu Province, where residents had the highest average income level. Obesity group had elevated blood pressure comparing with the normal group, and obesity group especially in the male children aged 7 to 12 years had a higher prevalence of uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) than that of normal group.

Conclusion

This study found that obesity/overweight prevalence differed by sex, age, and regions in Jiangsu Province. In addition, obese children were closely associated with other common disease. Further studies are needed to explore the basis of biological and statistical theories.

Increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity in Yi farmers and migrants from 2007 to 2015 in China: the Yi migrant study

Background

With the social development and lifestyle transition, increasing trends of overweight and obesity prevalence are commonly reported worldwide. Data focusing on overweight and obesity trends in rural residents and rural-to-urban migrants in China are limited. This study aims to assess the changes and related factors of overweight and obesity in Yi farmers and migrants in southwest China from 2007 to 2015, and to assess the disparities in prevalence changes.

Methods

Pseudo-panel data was obtained from two cross-sectional studies conducted in Sichuan province, southwest China in 2007 and 2015. Standardized prevalence of overweight and obesity were evaluated by direct method using the 2010 national census population as the standard. Prevalence differences of overweight and obesity were calculated in each group and compared between groups to evaluate the disparity in prevalence changes. Generalized linear mixed model was performed to determine factors related to overweight/obesity.

Results

Standardized prevalence of overweight increased in both groups (from 5.54 to 16.65% in Yi farmers, from 27.91 to 33.61% in Yi migrants). Standardized prevalence of obesity increased only in Yi farmers (from 0.37 to 3.13%). Prevalence difference of overweight in Yi farmers was higher than that in Yi migrants (11.11 vs. 5.70), but prevalence differences of obesity were not significantly different between Yi farmers and migrants.

Conclusions

Prevalence of overweight and obesity in Yi farmers, and prevalence of overweight in Yi migrants increased from 2007 to 2015. Yi farmers were developing overweight at a greater pace than migrants. More attention should be paid to spread health knowledge and encourage healthy lifestyle in Yi people, especially Yi farmers.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-018-5577-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Prevalence of overweight, obesity, abdominal obesity and obesity-related risk factors in southern China

Objectives

The purpose of this study is to assess the prevalence of overweight/obesity, abdominal obesity and obesity-related risk factors in southern China.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey of 15,364 participants aged 15 years and older was conducted from November 2013 to August 2014 in Jiangxi Province, China, using questionnaire forms and physical measurements. The physical measurements included body height, weight, waist circumference (WC), body fat percentage (BFP) and visceral adipose index (VAI). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the risk factors for overweight/obesity and abdominal obesity.

Results

The prevalence of overweight was 25.8% (25.9% in males and 25.7% in females), while that of obesity was 7.9% (8.4% in males and 7.6% in females). The prevalence of abdominal obesity was 10.2% (8.6% in males and 11.3% in females). The prevalence of overweight/obesity was 37.1% in urban residents and 30.2% in rural residents, and this difference was significant (P < 0.001). Urban residents had a significantly higher prevalence of abdominal obesity than rural residents (11.6% vs 8.7%, P < 0.001). Among the participants with an underweight/normal body mass index (BMI), 1.3% still had abdominal obesity, 16.1% had a high BFP and 1.0% had a high VAI. Moreover, among obese participants, 9.7% had a low /normal WC, 0.8% had a normal BFP and 15.9% had a normal VAI. Meanwhile, the partial correlation analysis indicated that the correlation coefficients between VAI and BMI, VAI and WC, and BMI and WC were 0.700, 0.666, and 0.721, respectively. A multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that being female and having a high BFP and a high VAI were significantly associated with an increased risk of overweight/obesity and abdominal obesity. In addition, living in an urban area and older age correlated with overweight/obesity.

Conclusion

This study revealed that obesity and abdominal obesity, which differed by gender and age, are epidemic in southern China. Moreover, there was a very high, significant, positive correlation between WC, BMI and VAI. However, further studies are needed to explore which indicator of body fat could be used as the best marker to indirectly reflect cardiometabolic risk.

Obesity in Korean Men: Results from the Fourth through Sixth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (2007~2014)

Purpose

Obesity is related to many diseases, including urological conditions. We investigated the prevalence, risk factors, and treatment of male obesity.

Materials and Methods

This study included 17,485 men older than 20 years of age who participated in the fourth, fifth, and sixth administrations of the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Two main cutoff points for obesity were defined: a body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m² and a BMI≥30 kg/m². Additionally, we defined obesity requiring pharmacotherapy as the presence of a BMI≥30 kg/m² or a BMI≥27 kg/m² co-occurring with at least one associated comorbid medical condition, such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, or diabetes.

Results

The prevalence rates of a BMI≥25 kg/m², a BMI≥30 kg/m², and obesity requiring pharmacotherapy were 35.7%, 3.4%, and 10.5%, respectively. The prevalence of obesity increased over time for all definitions of obesity. The prevalence of obesity requiring pharmacotherapy was highest in Jeju (12.5%) and lowest in Gangwon-do (7.7%). Having a higher income, being a non-manual worker, and having completed a high level of education were significantly related to obesity requiring pharmacotherapy. More than 70% of patients with obesity requiring pharmacotherapy reported taking diet pills, eating functional foods, or consuming a one-food diet for weight reduction, but only 13.9% reported exercising for this purpose.

Conclusions

Male obesity is a common condition, the prevalence of which is expected to continue to increase over time. A better strategy is required to manage male obesity in Korea.