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Banzato R, Pinheiro-Menegasso NM, Novelli FPRS, Olivo CR, Taguchi L, de Oliveira Santos S, Fukuzaki S, Teodoro WPR, Lopes FDTQS, Tibério IFLC, de Toledo-Arruda AC, Prado MAM, Prado VF, Prado CM. Alpha-7 Nicotinic Receptor Agonist Protects Mice Against Pulmonary Emphysema Induced by Elastase. Inflammation 2024; 47:958-974. [PMID: 38227123 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-023-01953-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Pulmonary emphysema is a primary component of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a life-threatening disorder characterized by lung inflammation and restricted airflow, primarily resulting from the destruction of small airways and alveolar walls. Cumulative evidence suggests that nicotinic receptors, especially the α7 subtype (α7nAChR), is required for anti-inflammatory cholinergic responses. We postulated that the stimulation of α7nAChR could offer therapeutic benefits in the context of pulmonary emphysema. To investigate this, we assessed the potential protective effects of PNU-282987, a selective α7nAChR agonist, using an experimental emphysema model. Male mice (C57BL/6) were submitted to a nasal instillation of porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE) (50 µl, 0.667 IU) to induce emphysema. Treatment with PNU-282987 (2.0 mg/kg, ip) was performed pre and post-emphysema induction by measuring anti-inflammatory effects (inflammatory cells, cytokines) as well as anti-remodeling and anti-oxidant effects. Elastase-induced emphysema led to an increase in the number of α7nAChR-positive cells in the lungs. Notably, both groups treated with PNU-282987 (prior to and following emphysema induction) exhibited a significant decrease in the number of α7nAChR-positive cells. Furthermore, both groups treated with PNU-282987 demonstrated decreased levels of macrophages, IL-6, IL-1β, collagen, and elastic fiber deposition. Additionally, both groups exhibited reduced STAT3 phosphorylation and lower levels of SOCS3. Of particular note, in the post-treated group, PNU-282987 successfully attenuated alveolar enlargement, decreased IL-17 and TNF-α levels, and reduced the recruitment of polymorphonuclear cells to the lung parenchyma. Significantly, it is worth noting that MLA, an antagonist of α7nAChR, counteracted the protective effects of PNU-282987 in relation to certain crucial inflammatory parameters. In summary, these findings unequivocally demonstrate the protective abilities of α7nAChR against elastase-induced emphysema, strongly supporting α7nAChR as a pivotal therapeutic target for ameliorating pulmonary emphysema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosana Banzato
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nathalia M Pinheiro-Menegasso
- Department of Biosciences, Instituto de Saúde e Sociedade, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Silva Jardim 136 sala 312, Santos, SP, 11015-020, Brazil
| | | | - Clarice R Olivo
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Laura Taguchi
- Department of Biosciences, Instituto de Saúde e Sociedade, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Silva Jardim 136 sala 312, Santos, SP, 11015-020, Brazil
| | - Stheffany de Oliveira Santos
- Department of Biosciences, Instituto de Saúde e Sociedade, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Silva Jardim 136 sala 312, Santos, SP, 11015-020, Brazil
| | - Silvia Fukuzaki
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Walcy Paganelli Rosolia Teodoro
- Rheumatology Division of the Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, FMUSP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda D T Q S Lopes
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Iolanda F L C Tibério
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Marco Antônio M Prado
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Vânia F Prado
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Carla M Prado
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Department of Biosciences, Instituto de Saúde e Sociedade, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Silva Jardim 136 sala 312, Santos, SP, 11015-020, Brazil.
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2
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Sun X, Xiao T, Qin J, Song Y, Lu K, Ding R, Shi W, Bian Q. Mechanism of circRNA_SMG6 mediating lung macrophage ECM degradation via miR-570-3p in microplastics-induced emphysema. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 187:108701. [PMID: 38685156 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are plastic particles < 5 mm in diameter, of which polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) are representative type. The extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation of macrophages is associated with the development of emphysema. Additionally, circular RNAs (circRNAs) have a regulatory role in epigenetic mechanisms related to lung disease. However, the mechanisms of the ECM degradation and circRNAs in MPs-induced emphysema are still unclear. In our study, Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were treated with 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/m3 100 nm PS-MPs for 90 days in an inhalation experiment. PS-MPs-exposed rats showed elevated airway resistance and pulmonary dysfunction. Lung histopathology exhibited inflammatory cell infiltration, septal thickening and alveolar dilatation. Exposure to PS-MPs was able to induce elevated levels of ECM degradation-related markers MMP9 and MMP12, as well as reduced levels of elastin in rat lung tissues. CircRNA_SMG6 is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) with a homologous circular structure in human, rat and mouse. The expression level of circRNA_SMG6 was decreased in both rat lung tissues exposed to PS-MPs and PS-MPs-treated THP-1 cells. The luciferase reporter gene demonstrated that circRNA_SMG6 combined with miR-570-3p and co-regulated PTEN, the target gene of miR-570-3p. Moreover, overexpression of circRNA_SMG6 or inhibition of miR-570-3p attenuated PS-MPs-induced ECM degradation in THP-1 cells. Taken together, circRNA_SMG6 may have a significant function in the deterioration of emphysema caused by PS-MPs-induced macrophage ECM degradation by regulating miR-570-3p. Our findings reveal a novel mechanism of emphysema caused by PS-MPs and provide valuable information for assessing the health risks of MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Tian Xiao
- Institute of Toxicology and Risk Assessment, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Junjie Qin
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yan Song
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Kuikui Lu
- Institute of Toxicology and Risk Assessment, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ruoheng Ding
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Weiqing Shi
- Institute of Toxicology and Risk Assessment, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qian Bian
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Institute of Toxicology and Risk Assessment, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, China.
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3
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Camargo LDN, Righetti RF, de Almeida FM, dos Santos TM, Fukuzaki S, Martins NAB, Barbeiro MC, Saraiva-Romanholo BM, Lopes FDTQDS, Leick EA, Prado CM, Tibério IDFLC. Modulating asthma-COPD overlap responses with IL-17 inhibition. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1271342. [PMID: 37965351 PMCID: PMC10641519 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1271342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background IL-17 is a modulator of the inflammatory response and is implicated in lung remodeling in both asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Well as and probably in patients with asthma-COPD overlap (ACO). Methods In this study, we evaluated the response of the airways and alveolar septa to anti-IL-17 treatment in an ACO model. Fifty-six male BALB/c mice were sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA group), received porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE group), or both (ACO group). Mice were then treated with either anti-IL-17 monoclonal antibody or saline. We evaluated hyperresponsiveness, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cell counts, and mean alveolar diameter. We quantified inflammatory, response, extracellular matrix remodeling, oxidative stress markers, and signaling pathway markers. Results Anti-IL-17 treatment in the ACO anti-IL-17 group reduced the maximum response of respiratory system Rrs, Ers, Raw, Gtis, this when compared to the ACO group (p<0.05). There was a reduction in the total number of inflammatory cells, neutrophils, and macrophages in the BALF in the ACO anti-IL-17 group compared to the ACO group (p<0.05). There was attenuated dendritic cells, CD4+, CD8+, FOXP3, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-13, IL-17, IL-33 in ACO anti-IL-17 group in airway and alveolar septum compared to the ACO group (p<0.05). We observed a reduction of MMP-9, MMP-12, TIMP-1, TGF-β, collagen type I in ACO anti-IL-17 group in airway and alveolar septum compared to the ACO group (p < 0.05). We also observed a reduction of iNOS and 8-iso-PGF2α in the airways and in the alveolar septum was reduced in the ACO anti-IL-17group compared to the ACO group (p < 0.05). Regarding the signaling pathways, NF-kB, ROCK-1, and ROCK-2 in the airway and alveolar septum were attenuated in the ACO anti-IL-17 group when compared to the ACO group (p<0.05). Conclusions Our results suggest that inhibiting IL-17 modulates cell-associated cytokine production in lung tissue, extracellular matrix remodeling, and oxidative stress in ACO through the modulation of NF-kB and FOXP3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro do Nascimento Camargo
- Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Serviço de Reabilitação, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renato Fraga Righetti
- Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Serviço de Reabilitação, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Tabata Maruyama dos Santos
- Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Serviço de Reabilitação, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvia Fukuzaki
- Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Carla Máximo Prado
- Department of Bioscience, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
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Saraiva-Romanholo BM, de Genaro IS, de Almeida FM, Felix SN, Lopes MRC, Amorim TS, Vieira RP, Arantes-Costa FM, Martins MA, de Fátima Lopes Calvo Tibério I, Prado CM. Exposure to Sodium Hypochlorite or Cigarette Smoke Induces Lung Injury and Mechanical Impairment in Wistar Rats. Inflammation 2022; 45:1464-1483. [PMID: 35501465 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-022-01625-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary irritants, such as cigarette smoke (CS) and sodium hypochlorite (NaClO), are associated to pulmonary diseases in cleaning workers. We examined whether their association affects lung mechanics and inflammation in Wistar rats. Exposure to these irritants alone induced alterations in the lung mechanics, inflammation, and remodeling. The CS increased airway cell infiltration, acid mucus production, MMP-12 expression, and alveolar enlargement. NaClO increased the number of eosinophils and macrophages in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, with cells expressing IL-13, MMP-12, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and iNOS in addition to increased IL-1β and TNF-α levels. Co-exposure to both irritants increased epithelial and smooth muscle cell area, acid mucus production, and IL-13 expression in the airways, while it reduced the lung inflammation. In conclusion, the co-exposure of CS with NaClO reduced the pulmonary inflammation, but increased the acidity of mucus, which may protect lungs from more injury. A cross-resistance in people exposed to multiple lung irritants should also be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Mangueira Saraiva-Romanholo
- Sao Paulo Hospital (IAMSPE), Sao Paulo, Brazil.
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, LIM 20 Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455 - Sala 1210, 1º andar, CEP: 01246903, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
- University City of Sao Paulo (UNICID), Sao Paulo, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Studies in Pulmonary Inflammation, Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, Brazil.
| | - Isabella Santos de Genaro
- Sao Paulo Hospital (IAMSPE), Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, LIM 20 Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455 - Sala 1210, 1º andar, CEP: 01246903, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francine Maria de Almeida
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, LIM 20 Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455 - Sala 1210, 1º andar, CEP: 01246903, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Soraia Nogueira Felix
- Sao Paulo Hospital (IAMSPE), Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, LIM 20 Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455 - Sala 1210, 1º andar, CEP: 01246903, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rodolfo Paula Vieira
- Post-Graduation Program in Bioengineering and in Biomedical Engineering, Brazil University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Brazilian Institute of Teaching and Research in Pulmonary and Exercise Immunology (IBEPIPE), Sao Jose dos Campos, Brazil
- Post-Graduation Program in Sciences of Human Movement and Rehabilitation, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, Brazil
- School of Medicine, Anhembi Morumbi University, Sao Jose dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Magalhães Arantes-Costa
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, LIM 20 Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455 - Sala 1210, 1º andar, CEP: 01246903, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Milton Arruda Martins
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, LIM 20 Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455 - Sala 1210, 1º andar, CEP: 01246903, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Iolanda de Fátima Lopes Calvo Tibério
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, LIM 20 Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455 - Sala 1210, 1º andar, CEP: 01246903, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carla Máximo Prado
- Laboratory of Studies in Pulmonary Inflammation, Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, Brazil
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5
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Ito JT, Lourenço JD, Righetti RF, Tibério IFLC, Prado CM, Lopes FDTQS. Extracellular Matrix Component Remodeling in Respiratory Diseases: What Has Been Found in Clinical and Experimental Studies? Cells 2019; 8:E342. [PMID: 30979017 PMCID: PMC6523091 DOI: 10.3390/cells8040342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in extracellular matrix (ECM) components in the lungs are associated with the progression of respiratory diseases, such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Experimental and clinical studies have revealed that structural changes in ECM components occur under chronic inflammatory conditions, and these changes are associated with impaired lung function. In bronchial asthma, elastic and collagen fiber remodeling, mostly in the airway walls, is associated with an increase in mucus secretion, leading to airway hyperreactivity. In COPD, changes in collagen subtypes I and III and elastin, interfere with the mechanical properties of the lungs, and are believed to play a pivotal role in decreased lung elasticity, during emphysema progression. In ARDS, interstitial edema is often accompanied by excessive deposition of fibronectin and collagen subtypes I and III, which can lead to respiratory failure in the intensive care unit. This review uses experimental models and human studies to describe how inflammatory conditions and ECM remodeling contribute to the loss of lung function in these respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana T Ito
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Therapeutics/LIM-20, School of Medicine of University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246-903, Brazil.
| | - Juliana D Lourenço
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Therapeutics/LIM-20, School of Medicine of University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246-903, Brazil.
| | - Renato F Righetti
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Therapeutics/LIM-20, School of Medicine of University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246-903, Brazil.
- Rehabilitation service, Sírio-Libanês Hospital, Sao Paulo 01308-050, Brazil.
| | - Iolanda F L C Tibério
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Therapeutics/LIM-20, School of Medicine of University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246-903, Brazil.
| | - Carla M Prado
- Department of Bioscience, Laboratory of Studies in Pulmonary Inflammation, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Santos 11015-020, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda D T Q S Lopes
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Therapeutics/LIM-20, School of Medicine of University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246-903, Brazil.
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Capistrano SJ, van Reyk D, Chen H, Oliver BG. Evidence of Biomass Smoke Exposure as a Causative Factor for the Development of COPD. TOXICS 2017; 5:E36. [PMID: 29194400 PMCID: PMC5750564 DOI: 10.3390/toxics5040036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive disease of the lungs characterised by chronic inflammation, obstruction of airways, and destruction of the parenchyma (emphysema). These changes gradually impair lung function and prevent normal breathing. In 2002, COPD was the fifth leading cause of death, and is estimated by the World Health Organisation (WHO) to become the third by 2020. Cigarette smokers are thought to be the most at risk of developing COPD. However, recent studies have shown that people with life-long exposure to biomass smoke are also at high risk of developing COPD. Most common in developing countries, biomass fuels such as wood and coal are used for cooking and heating indoors on a daily basis. Women and children have the highest amounts of exposures and are therefore more likely to develop the disease. Despite epidemiological studies providing evidence of the causative relationship between biomass smoke and COPD, there are still limited mechanistic studies on how biomass smoke causes, and contributes to the progression of COPD. This review will focus upon why biomass fuels are used, and their relationship to COPD. It will also suggest methodological approaches to model biomass exposure in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Capistrano
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia.
- Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, NSW 2037, Australia.
| | - David van Reyk
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia.
- Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, NSW 2037, Australia.
| | - Hui Chen
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Brian G Oliver
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia.
- Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, NSW 2037, Australia.
- Emphysema Center, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, NSW 2037, Australia.
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7
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Rocha NDN, de Oliveira MV, Braga CL, Guimarães G, Maia LDA, Padilha GDA, Silva JD, Takiya CM, Capelozzi VL, Silva PL, Rocco PRM. Ghrelin therapy improves lung and cardiovascular function in experimental emphysema. Respir Res 2017; 18:185. [PMID: 29100513 PMCID: PMC5670513 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-017-0668-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Emphysema is a progressive disease characterized by irreversible airspace enlargement followed by a decline in lung function. It also causes extrapulmonary effects, such as loss of body mass and cor pulmonale, which are associated with shorter survival and worse clinical outcomes. Ghrelin, a growth-hormone secretagogue, stimulates muscle anabolism, has anti-inflammatory effects, promotes vasodilation, and improves cardiac performance. Therefore, we hypothesized that ghrelin might reduce lung inflammation and remodelling as well as improve lung mechanics and cardiac function in experimental emphysema. Methods Forty female C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned into two main groups: control (C) and emphysema (ELA). In the ELA group (n=20), animals received four intratracheal instillations of pancreatic porcine elastase (PPE) at 1-week intervals. C animals (n=20) received saline alone (50 μL) using the same protocol. Two weeks after the last instillation of saline or PPE, C and ELA animals received ghrelin or saline (n=10/group) intraperitoneally (i.p.) daily, during 3 weeks. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), echocardiography, lung mechanics, histology, and molecular biology were analysed. Results In elastase-induced emphysema, ghrelin treatment decreased alveolar hyperinflation and mean linear intercept, neutrophil infiltration, and collagen fibre content in the alveolar septa and pulmonary vessel wall; increased elastic fibre content; reduced M1-macrophage populations and increased M2 polarization; decreased levels of keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC, a mouse analogue of interleukin-8), tumour necrosis factor-α, and transforming growth factor-β, but increased interleukin-10 in lung tissue; augmented static lung elastance; reduced arterial pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular hypertrophy on echocardiography; and increased lean mass. Conclusion In the elastase-induced emphysema model used herein, ghrelin not only reduced lung damage but also improved cardiac function and increased lean mass. These findings should prompt further studies to evaluate ghrelin as a potential therapy for emphysema. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12931-017-0668-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazareth de Novaes Rocha
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, s/n, Bloco G-014, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Milena Vasconcellos de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, s/n, Bloco G-014, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Cássia Lisboa Braga
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, s/n, Bloco G-014, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Guimarães
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lígia de Albuquerque Maia
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, s/n, Bloco G-014, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Gisele de Araújo Padilha
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, s/n, Bloco G-014, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Johnatas Dutra Silva
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, s/n, Bloco G-014, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Christina Maeda Takiya
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vera Luiza Capelozzi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro Leme Silva
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, s/n, Bloco G-014, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patricia Rieken Macedo Rocco
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, s/n, Bloco G-014, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil. .,National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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8
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Rodrigues R, Olivo CR, Lourenço JD, Riane A, Cervilha DADB, Ito JT, Martins MDA, Lopes FDTQDS. A murine model of elastase- and cigarette smoke-induced emphysema. J Bras Pneumol 2017; 43:95-100. [PMID: 28538775 PMCID: PMC5474371 DOI: 10.1590/s1806-37562016000000179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To describe a murine model of emphysema induced by a combination of exposure to cigarette smoke (CS) and instillation of porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE). Methods: A total of 38 C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups: control (one intranasal instillation of 0.9% saline solution); PPE (two intranasal instillations of PPE); CS (CS exposure for 60 days); and CS + PPE (two intranasal instillations of PPE + CS exposure for 60 days). At the end of the experimental protocol, all animals were anesthetized and tracheostomized for calculation of respiratory mechanics parameters. Subsequently, all animals were euthanized and their lungs were removed for measurement of the mean linear intercept (Lm) and determination of the numbers of cells that were immunoreactive to macrophage (MAC)-2 antigen, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-12, and glycosylated 91-kDa glycoprotein (gp91phox) in the distal lung parenchyma and peribronchial region. Results: Although there were no differences among the four groups regarding the respiratory mechanics parameters assessed, there was an increase in the Lm in the CS + PPE group. The numbers of MAC-2-positive cells in the peribronchial region and distal lung parenchyma were higher in the CS + PPE group than in the other groups, as were the numbers of cells that were positive for MMP-12 and gp91phox, although only in the distal lung parenchyma. Conclusions: Our model of emphysema induced by a combination of PPE instillation and CS exposure results in a significant degree of parenchymal destruction in a shorter time frame than that employed in other models of CS-induced emphysema, reinforcing the importance of protease-antiprotease imbalance and oxidant-antioxidant imbalance in the pathogenesis of emphysema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubia Rodrigues
- . Departamento de Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (SP) Brasil
| | - Clarice Rosa Olivo
- . Departamento de Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (SP) Brasil
| | - Juliana Dias Lourenço
- . Departamento de Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (SP) Brasil
| | - Alyne Riane
- . Departamento de Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (SP) Brasil
| | | | - Juliana Tiyaki Ito
- . Departamento de Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (SP) Brasil
| | - Milton de Arruda Martins
- . Departamento de Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (SP) Brasil
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Oliveira MV, Abreu SC, Padilha GA, Rocha NN, Maia LA, Takiya CM, Xisto DG, Suki B, Silva PL, Rocco PRM. Characterization of a Mouse Model of Emphysema Induced by Multiple Instillations of Low-Dose Elastase. Front Physiol 2016; 7:457. [PMID: 27774071 PMCID: PMC5054025 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Many experimental models have been proposed to study the pathophysiological features of emphysema, as well as to search for new therapeutic approaches for acute or chronically injured lung parenchyma. We aimed to characterize an emphysema model induced by multiple instillations of elastase by tracking changes in inflammation, remodeling, and cardiac function after each instillation. Forty-eight C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned across two groups. Emphysema (ELA) animals received 1, 2, 3, or 4 intratracheal instillations of pancreatic porcine elastase (PPE, 0.2 IU) with a 1-week interval between them. Controls (C) received saline following the same protocol. Before and after implementation of the protocol, animals underwent echocardiographic analysis. After the first instillation of PPE, the percentage of mononuclear cells in the lung parenchyma increased compared to C (p = 0.0001). The second instillation resulted in hyperinflated alveoli, increased mean linear intercept, and reduced elastic fiber content in lung parenchyma compared to C (p = 0.0197). Following the third instillation, neutrophils and collagen fiber content in alveolar septa and airways increased, whereas static lung elastance was reduced compared to C (p = 0.0094). After the fourth instillation, the percentage of M1 macrophages in lungs; levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), keratinocyte-derived chemokine, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF); and collagen fiber content in the pulmonary vessel wall were increased compared to C (p = 0.0096). At this time point, pulmonary arterial hypertension was apparent, with increased diastolic right ventricular wall thickness. In conclusion, the initial phase of emphysema was characterized by lung inflammation with predominance of mononuclear cells, whereas at the late stage, impairment of pulmonary and cardiovascular functions was observed. This model enables analysis of therapies at different time points during controlled progression of emphysema. Accordingly, early interventions could focus on the inflammatory process, while late interventions should focus on restoring cardiorespiratory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena V Oliveira
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Soraia C Abreu
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gisele A Padilha
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Nazareth N Rocha
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal UniversityNiteroi, Brazil
| | - Lígia A Maia
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Christina M Takiya
- Laboratory of Cellular Pathology, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Debora G Xisto
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bela Suki
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pedro L Silva
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patricia R M Rocco
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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10
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Gaggar A, Weathington N. Bioactive extracellular matrix fragments in lung health and disease. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:3176-84. [PMID: 27584731 DOI: 10.1172/jci83147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is the noncellular component critical in the maintenance of organ structure and the regulation of tissue development, organ structure, and cellular signaling. The ECM is a dynamic entity that undergoes continuous degradation and resynthesis. In addition to compromising structure, degradation of the ECM can liberate bioactive fragments that cause cellular activation and chemotaxis of a variety of cells. These fragments are termed matrikines, and their cellular activities are sentinel in the development and progression of tissue injury seen in chronic lung disease. Here, we discuss the matrikines that are known to be active in lung biology and their roles in lung disease. We also consider the use of matrikines as disease markers and potential therapeutic targets in lung disease.
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