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Tripura T, Awasthi A, Roy S, Chakraborty S. A wavelet neural operator based elastography for localization and quantification of tumors. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2023; 232:107436. [PMID: 36870167 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2023.107436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The application of intelligent imaging techniques and deep learning in the field of computer-aided diagnosis and medical imaging have improved and accelerated the early diagnosis of many diseases. Elastography is an imaging modality where an inverse problem is solved to extract the elastic properties of tissues and subsequently mapped to anatomical images for diagnostic purposes. In the present work, we propose a wavelet neural operator-based approach for correctly learning the non-linear mapping of elastic properties directly from measured displacement field data. METHODS The proposed framework learns the underlying operator behind the elastic mapping and thus can map any displacement data from a family to the elastic properties. The displacement fields are first uplifted to a high-dimensional space using a fully connected neural network. On the lifted data, certain iterations are performed using wavelet neural blocks. In each wavelet neural block, the lifted data are decomposed into low, and high-frequency components using wavelet decomposition. To learn the most relevant patterns and structural information from the input, the neural network kernels are directly convoluted with the outputs of the wavelet decomposition. Thereafter the elasticity field is reconstructed from the outputs from convolution. The mapping between the displacement and the elasticity using wavelets is unique and remains stable during training. RESULTS The proposed framework is tested on several artificially fabricated numerical examples, including a benign-cum-malignant tumor prediction problem. The trained model was also tested on real Ultrasound-based elastography data to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed scheme in clinical usage. The proposed framework reproduces the highly accurate elasticity field directly from the displacement inputs. CONCLUSIONS The proposed framework circumvents different data pre-processing and intermediate steps utilized in traditional methods, hence providing an accurate elasticity map. The computationally efficient framework requires fewer epochs for training, which bodes well for its clinical usability for real-time predictions. The weights and biases from pre-trained models can also be employed for transfer learning, which reduces the effective training time with random initialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapas Tripura
- Department of Applied Mechanics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, Delhi, 110016, India.
| | - Abhilash Awasthi
- Department of Applied Mechanics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, Delhi, 110016, India.
| | - Sitikantha Roy
- Department of Applied Mechanics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, Delhi, 110016, India; Yardi School of Artificial Intelligence (ScAI), Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, Delhi, 110016, India.
| | - Souvik Chakraborty
- Department of Applied Mechanics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, Delhi, 110016, India; Yardi School of Artificial Intelligence (ScAI), Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, Delhi, 110016, India.
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Clinical Significance of Ultrasound Elastography and Fibrotic Focus and Their Association in Breast Cancer. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11247435. [PMID: 36556052 PMCID: PMC9783036 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11247435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Ultrasound (US) elastography is an imaging technology that reveals tissue stiffness. This study aimed to investigate whether fibrotic focus (FF) affects elastographic findings in breast cancer, and to evaluate the clinical significance of US elastography and FF in breast cancer. (2) Methods: In this study, 151 patients with breast cancer who underwent surgery were included. Strain elastography was performed and an elasticity scoring system was used to assess the findings. The elasticity scores were classified as negative, equivocal, or positive. FF was evaluated in the surgical specimens. Medical records were reviewed for all patients. (3) Results: Elastographic findings were equivocal in 30 patients (19.9%) and positive in 121 patients (80.1%). FF was present in 68 patients (46.9%). There was no correlation between elastographic findings and FF. Older age, larger tumor size, lymph node metastasis, and higher tumor stage were associated with positive elastographic results. FF showed a positive correlation with age, postmenopausal status, tumor size, lymphovascular invasion, lymph node metastasis, tumor stage, and intratumoral and peritumoral inflammation. (4) Conclusions: Our study showed that positive elastographic results and FF were associated with poor prognostic factors for breast cancer. FF did not affect the elastographic findings of this study.
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Tian H, Shi H, Yu J, Ge S, Ruan J. Biophysics Role and Biomimetic Culture Systems of ECM Stiffness in Cancer EMT. GLOBAL CHALLENGES (HOBOKEN, NJ) 2022; 6:2100094. [PMID: 35712024 PMCID: PMC9189138 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202100094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Oncological diseases have become the second leading cause of death from noncommunicable diseases worldwide and a major threat to human health. With the continuous progress in cancer research, the mechanical cues from the tumor microenvironment environment (TME) have been found to play an irreplaceable role in the progression of many cancers. As the main extracellular mechanical signal carrier, extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness may influence cancer progression through biomechanical transduction to modify downstream gene expression, promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and regulate the stemness of cancer cells. EMT is an important mechanism that induces cancer cell metastasis and is closely influenced by ECM stiffness, either independently or in conjunction with other molecules. In this review, the unique role of ECM stiffness in EMT in different kinds of cancers is first summarized. By continually examining the significance of ECM stiffness in cancer progression, a biomimetic culture system based on 3D manufacturing and novel material technologies is developed to mimic ECM stiffness. The authors then look back on the novel development of the ECM stiffness biomimetic culture systems and finally provide new insights into ECM stiffness in cancer progression which can broaden the fields' horizons with a view toward developing new cancer diagnosis methods and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Tian
- Department of OphthalmologyShanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular OncologyNinth People's HospitalShanghai JiaoTong University School of MedicineShanghaiP. R. China
| | - Hanhan Shi
- Department of OphthalmologyShanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular OncologyNinth People's HospitalShanghai JiaoTong University School of MedicineShanghaiP. R. China
| | - Jie Yu
- Department of OphthalmologyShanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular OncologyNinth People's HospitalShanghai JiaoTong University School of MedicineShanghaiP. R. China
| | - Shengfang Ge
- Department of OphthalmologyShanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular OncologyNinth People's HospitalShanghai JiaoTong University School of MedicineShanghaiP. R. China
| | - Jing Ruan
- Department of OphthalmologyShanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular OncologyNinth People's HospitalShanghai JiaoTong University School of MedicineShanghaiP. R. China
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Paradiso F, Quintela M, Lenna S, Serpelloni S, James D, Caserta S, Conlan S, Francis L, Taraballi F. Studying Activated Fibroblast Phenotypes and Fibrosis-Linked Mechanosensing Using 3D Biomimetic Models. Macromol Biosci 2022; 22:e2100450. [PMID: 35014177 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202100450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fibrosis and solid tumor progression are closely related, with both involving pathways associated with chronic wound dysregulation. Fibroblasts contribute to extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling in these processes, a crucial step in scarring, organ failure, and tumor growth, but little is known about the biophysical evolution of remodeling regulation during the development and progression of matrix-related diseases including fibrosis and cancer. A 3D collagen-based scaffold model is employed here to mimic mechanical changes in normal (2 kPa, soft) versus advanced pathological (12 kPa, stiff) tissues. Activated fibroblasts grown on stiff scaffolds show lower migration and increased cell circularity compared to those on soft scaffolds. This is reflected in gene expression profiles, with cells cultured on stiff scaffolds showing upregulated DNA replication, DNA repair, and chromosome organization gene clusters, and a concomitant loss of ability to remodel and deposit ECM. Soft scaffolds can reproduce biophysically meaningful microenvironments to investigate early stage processes in wound healing and tumor niche formation, while stiff scaffolds can mimic advanced fibrotic and cancer stages. These results establish the need for tunable, affordable 3D scaffolds as platforms for aberrant stroma research and reveal the contribution of physiological and pathological microenvironment biomechanics to gene expression changes in the stromal compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Paradiso
- Center for Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Houston Methodist Academic Institute, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Reproductive Biology and Gynaecological Oncology Group, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, Wales, SA28PP, UK.,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, 6445 Main St, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Marcos Quintela
- Reproductive Biology and Gynaecological Oncology Group, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, Wales, SA28PP, UK
| | - Stefania Lenna
- Center for Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Houston Methodist Academic Institute, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, 6445 Main St, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Stefano Serpelloni
- Center for Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Houston Methodist Academic Institute, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, 6445 Main St, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - David James
- Reproductive Biology and Gynaecological Oncology Group, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, Wales, SA28PP, UK
| | - Sergio Caserta
- Department of Chemical Materials and Industrial Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, P.zzle Tecchio 80, Naples, 80125, Italy
| | - Steve Conlan
- Reproductive Biology and Gynaecological Oncology Group, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, Wales, SA28PP, UK
| | - Lewis Francis
- Reproductive Biology and Gynaecological Oncology Group, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, Wales, SA28PP, UK
| | - Francesca Taraballi
- Center for Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Houston Methodist Academic Institute, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, 6445 Main St, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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Correlation of breast cancer microcirculation construction with tumor stem cells (CSCs) and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) based on contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS). PLoS One 2021; 16:e0261138. [PMID: 34932597 PMCID: PMC8691655 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study is to explore the correlation between the contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) characteristics of breast cancer and the epithelial-mesenchyme transformation (EMT). Methods Totally 119 patients of breast cancer underwent CEUS. Tissues in the active area were collected and subjected to the immunohistochemical detection, PT-PCR and Western blot. Correlation analysis was conducted between the clinical pathological parameters and the CEUS indicators. Results The expression levels of CD44, N-cadherin, and β-catenin in breast cancer tissues were higher than those in adjacent tissues (P<0.05). However, the expression levels of CD24 and E-cadherin in breast cancer tissues were lower than those in adjacent tissues (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in E-cadherin mRNA and Vimentin levels between cancer and adjacent tissues (P>0.05). The expressions were up-regulated in the CSCs, with higher histological grade, lymph node metastasis, and negative estrogen receptor (ER) expression. Smaller breast tumors, with no lymph node metastasis, lower clinical stage, and positive ER expression, tended to exhibit the up-regulated epithelial phenotype. Breast tumors, with high histological grade, lymph node metastasis, high clinical staging grade, and negative ER expression, tended to exhibit the up-regulated interstitial phenotype. The peak intensity of the time-intensity curve (TIC) for the CEUS was positively correlated with the CSC marker CD44 and the interstitial phenotype marker N-cadherin. The starting time of enhancement was negatively correlated with the N-cadherin. Area under the curve was positively correlated with the expression of CD44 and N-cadherin, while negatively correlated with the epithelial phenotype marker β-catenin. The time to peak was negatively correlated with the interstitial phenotypes Vimentin and N-cadherin, with no correlation with the E-cadherin or β-catenin. Conclusion Breast cancers show the enlarged lesions after enlargement and perfusion defect for the CEUS. The fast-in pattern, high enhancement, and high perfusion in the TIC are correlated with the CSCs and EMT expressions, suggesting poor disease prognosis.
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Huang Y, Liu Y, Wang Y, Zheng X, Han J, Li Q, Hu Y, Mao R, Zhou J. Quantitative analysis of shear wave elastic heterogeneity for prediction of lymphovascular invasion in breast cancer. Br J Radiol 2021; 94:20210682. [PMID: 34478333 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20210682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the correlation between elastic heterogeneity (EH) and lymphovascular invasion (LVI) in breast cancers and assess the clinical value of using EH to predict LVI pre-operatively. METHODS This retrospective study consisted of 376 patients with breast cancers that had undergone shear wave elastography (SWE) with virtual touch tissue imaging quantification between June 2017 and June 2018. The EH was determined as the difference between the averaged three highest and three lowest shear wave value. Clinicalpathological parameters including histological type and grades, LVI, axillary lymph node status and molecular markers (estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 and Ki-67) were reviewed and recorded. Relationship EH and clinicalpathological parameters was investigated respectively. The diagnostic performance of EH in distinguishing LVI or not was analyzed. RESULTS At multivariate regression analysis, only EH (p = 0.017) was positively correlated with LVI in all tumors. EH (p = 0.003) and Ki-67 (p = 0.025) were positively correlated with LVI in tumors ≤ 2 cm. None of clinicalpathological parameters were correlated with LVI in tumors > 2 cm (p > 0.05 for all). Using EH to predict LVI in tumors ≤ 2 cm, the sensitivity and negative predictive value were 93 and 89% respectively. CONCLUSION EH has the potential to be served as an imaging biomarker to predict LVI in breast cancer especially for tumors ≤ 2 cm. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE There was no association between LVI and other most commonly used elastic features such as SWVmean and SWVmax. Elastic heterogeneity is an independent predictor of LVI, so it can provide additional prognostic information for routine preoperative breast cancer assessment.For tumors ≤ 2cm, using EH value higher than 1.36 m/s to predict LVI involvement, the sensitivity and negative predictive value can reach to 93% and 89%, respectively, suggesting that breast cancer with negative EH value was more likely to be absent of LVI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yini Huang
- Department of Ultrasound, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong, China
| | - Yubo Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong, China
| | - Xueyi Zheng
- Department of Ultrasound, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Han
- Department of Ultrasound, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yixin Hu
- Department of Ultrasound, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong, China
| | - Rushuang Mao
- Department of Ultrasound, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianhua Zhou
- Department of Ultrasound, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong, China
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Li L, Lv G, Shen H, Liao L, Zhong R, Zheng C, Yang S. Applications of Mechanical Arm in the Virtual Touch Tissue Imaging Quantification and the Differential Diagnosis of Breast Tumors. Ultrasound Q 2021; 38:25-30. [PMID: 35239628 DOI: 10.1097/ruq.0000000000000577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT To assess the diagnostic performance of quantitative parameters for virtual touch tissue imaging quantification by the mechanical arm probe, 128 women with 152 breast lesions (90 benign and 62 malignant) were included and maximum elasticity (Vmax), median elasticity (Vmean), maximum elasticity minus minimum (Vmax-min), and minimum elasticity (Vmin) were measured. Intercorrelation coefficients and Bland-Altman plots were used to compare the repeatability and consistency of handheld probe and mechanical arm measurements. Receiver operating characteristic curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency. The results showed that intercorrelation coefficients were 0.694 to 0.951 by the mechanical arm and 95% limits of agreement were wider than handheld probe. Using 4.36 m/s as cutoff value for Vmax by the mechanical arm, we achieved sensitivity (88.7%) and specificity (90.0%). We concluded that the mechanical arm can reduce the influence of different scanning pressures on the elastic modulus of breast tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhangzhou Hospital affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou
| | - Guorong Lv
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Quanzhou Medical College, Quanzhou
| | - Haolin Shen
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhangzhou Hospital affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou
| | - Liping Liao
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhangzhou Hospital affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou
| | - Rong Zhong
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhangzhou Hospital affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou
| | - Chunnuan Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Zhangzhou Hospital affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Shuping Yang
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhangzhou Hospital affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou
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Huang J, Zhang L, Wan D, Zhou L, Zheng S, Lin S, Qiao Y. Extracellular matrix and its therapeutic potential for cancer treatment. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:153. [PMID: 33888679 PMCID: PMC8062524 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00544-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 87.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is one of the major components of tumors that plays multiple crucial roles, including mechanical support, modulation of the microenvironment, and a source of signaling molecules. The quantity and cross-linking status of ECM components are major factors determining tissue stiffness. During tumorigenesis, the interplay between cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME) often results in the stiffness of the ECM, leading to aberrant mechanotransduction and further malignant transformation. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of ECM dysregulation in the TME would contribute to the discovery of promising therapeutic targets for cancer treatment. Herein, we summarized the knowledge concerning the following: (1) major ECM constituents and their functions in both normal and malignant conditions; (2) the interplay between cancer cells and the ECM in the TME; (3) key receptors for mechanotransduction and their alteration during carcinogenesis; and (4) the current therapeutic strategies targeting aberrant ECM for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Huang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019), Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Lele Zhang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019), Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Dalong Wan
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019), Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Shusen Zheng
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019), Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Shengzhang Lin
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
- Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical College, Hangzhou, 310000, China.
| | - Yiting Qiao
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
- Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019), Hangzhou, 310003, China.
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
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Bayat M, Nabavizadeh A, Nayak R, Webb JM, Gregory AV, Meixner DD, Fazzio RT, Insana MF, Alizad A, Fatemi M. Multi-parameter Sub-Hertz Analysis of Viscoelasticity With a Quality Metric for Differentiation of Breast Masses. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2020; 46:3393-3403. [PMID: 32917470 PMCID: PMC7606763 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2020.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
We applied sub-Hertz analysis of viscoelasticity (SAVE) to differentiate breast masses in pre-biopsy patients. Tissue response during external ramp-and-hold stress was ultrasonically detected. Displacements were used to acquire tissue viscoelastic parameters. The fast instantaneous response and slow creep-like deformations were modeled as the response of a linear standard solid from which viscoelastic parameters were estimated. These parameters were used in a multi-variable classification framework to differentiate malignant from benign masses identified by pathology. When employing all viscoelasticity parameters, SAVE resulted in 71.43% accuracy in differentiating lesions. When combined with ultrasound features and lesion size, accuracy was 82.24%. Adding a quality metric based on uniaxial motion increased the accuracy to 81.25%. When all three were combined with SAVE, accuracy was 91.3%. These results confirm the utility of SAVE as a robust ultrasound-based diagnostic tool for non-invasive differentiation of breast masses when used as stand-alone biomarkers or in conjunction with ultrasonic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Bayat
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Alireza Nabavizadeh
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Rohit Nayak
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jeremy M Webb
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Adriana V Gregory
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Duane D Meixner
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Robert T Fazzio
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Michael F Insana
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Azra Alizad
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Mostafa Fatemi
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA.
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Cai L, Nauman EA, Pedersen CBW, Neu CP. Finite deformation elastography of articular cartilage and biomaterials based on imaging and topology optimization. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7980. [PMID: 32409711 PMCID: PMC7224212 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64723-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissues and engineered biomaterials exhibit exquisite local variation in stiffness that defines their function. Conventional elastography quantifies stiffness in soft (e.g. brain, liver) tissue, but robust quantification in stiff (e.g. musculoskeletal) tissues is challenging due to dissipation of high frequency shear waves. We describe new development of finite deformation elastography that utilizes magnetic resonance imaging of low frequency, physiological-level (large magnitude) displacements, coupled to an iterative topology optimization routine to investigate stiffness heterogeneity, including spatial gradients and inclusions. We reconstruct 2D and 3D stiffness distributions in bilayer agarose hydrogels and silicon materials that exhibit heterogeneous displacement/strain responses. We map stiffness in porcine and sheep articular cartilage deep within the bony articular joint space in situ for the first time. Elevated cartilage stiffness localized to the superficial zone is further related to collagen fiber compaction and loss of water content during cyclic loading, as assessed by independent T2 measurements. We additionally describe technical challenges needed to achieve in vivo elastography measurements. Our results introduce new functional imaging biomarkers, which can be assessed nondestructively, with clinical potential to diagnose and track progression of disease in early stages, including osteoarthritis or tissue degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Cai
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, US
| | - Eric A Nauman
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, US
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, US
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, US
| | | | - Corey P Neu
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, US.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, US.
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11
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Islam MT, Tang S, Liverani C, Saha S, Tasciotti E, Righetti R. Non-invasive imaging of Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio in cancers in vivo. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7266. [PMID: 32350327 PMCID: PMC7190860 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64162-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations of Young's modulus (YM) and Poisson's ratio (PR) in biological tissues are often early indicators of the onset of pathological conditions. Knowledge of these parameters has been proven to be of great clinical significance for the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of cancers. Currently, however, there are no non-invasive modalities that can be used to image and quantify these parameters in vivo without assuming incompressibility of the tissue, an assumption that is rarely justified in human tissues. In this paper, we developed a new method to simultaneously reconstruct YM and PR of a tumor and of its surrounding tissues based on the assumptions of axisymmetry and ellipsoidal-shape inclusion. This new, non-invasive method allows the generation of high spatial resolution YM and PR maps from axial and lateral strain data obtained via ultrasound elastography. The method was validated using finite element (FE) simulations and controlled experiments performed on phantoms with known mechanical properties. The clinical feasibility of the developed method was demonstrated in an orthotopic mouse model of breast cancer. Our results demonstrate that the proposed technique can estimate the YM and PR of spherical inclusions with accuracy higher than 99% and with accuracy higher than 90% in inclusions of different geometries and under various clinically relevant boundary conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Tauhidul Islam
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Songyuan Tang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77840, USA
| | - Chiara Liverani
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Sajib Saha
- Department of Civil Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77840, USA
| | - Ennio Tasciotti
- Center of Biomimetic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Avenue, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Raffaella Righetti
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77840, USA.
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12
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Piersma B, Hayward MK, Weaver VM. Fibrosis and cancer: A strained relationship. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1873:188356. [PMID: 32147542 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tumors are characterized by extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, remodeling, and cross-linking that drive fibrosis to stiffen the stroma and promote malignancy. The stiffened stroma enhances tumor cell growth, survival and migration and drives a mesenchymal transition. A stiff ECM also induces angiogenesis, hypoxia and compromises anti-tumor immunity. Not surprisingly, tumor aggression and poor patient prognosis correlate with degree of tissue fibrosis and level of stromal stiffness. In this review, we discuss the reciprocal interplay between tumor cells, cancer associated fibroblasts (CAF), immune cells and ECM stiffness in malignant transformation and cancer aggression. We discuss CAF heterogeneity and describe its impact on tumor development and aggression focusing on the role of CAFs in engineering the fibrotic tumor stroma and tuning tumor cell tension and modulating the immune response. To illustrate the role of mechanoreciprocity in tumor evolution we summarize data from breast cancer and pancreatic ductal carcinoma (PDAC) studies, and finish by discussing emerging anti-fibrotic strategies aimed at treating cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bram Piersma
- Department of Surgery and Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), USA; Matrix research group, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - M K Hayward
- Department of Surgery and Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), USA
| | - Valerie M Weaver
- Department of Surgery and Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), USA; Departments of Radiation Oncology, Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research at UCSF, UCSF Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, 513 Parnassus Avenue, HSE565, San Francisco, CA 94143-0456, USA.
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13
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Rosen D, Jiang J. Modeling Uncertainty of Strain Ratio Measurements in Ultrasound Breast Strain Elastography: A Factorial Experiment. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2020; 67:258-268. [PMID: 31545719 PMCID: PMC8011866 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2019.2942821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Strain elastography (SE) is a technique in which images of localized tissue strains are used to detect the relative stiffness of tissues. The application of SE in differentiating malignant breast lesions from benign ones has been broadly investigated. The strain ratio (SR) between the background and the breast tumor has been used and its results have been mixed. Due to the complex nature of tissue elasticity and how it relates to the strain fields measured in SE, the exact reason is not known. In this study, we apply a novel design-of-experiments-based metamodeling approach to mechanical simulation of SE in the human breast. To our knowledge, such a study has not been reported in the ultrasound SE literature. More specifically, we first conduct a screening study to identify the biomechanical factors/simulation inputs that most strongly determine SR. We then apply a response surface experimental design to these factors to produce a metamodel of SR as a function of said factors. Results from the screening study suggest that the SR measurements are primarily influenced by three factors: the initial shear modulus of the lesion, the elastic nonlinearity of the lesion, and the precompression applied during acquisition. In order to investigate the implications of these results, stochastic inputs for these three factors associated with the malignant and benign cases were applied to the resulting response surface. The resulting optimal cutoffs, sensitivity, and specificity were generally in line with a majority (>60%) of 19 clinical trials in the literature.
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14
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Brill-Karniely Y, Dror D, Duanis-Assaf T, Goldstein Y, Schwob O, Millo T, Orehov N, Stern T, Jaber M, Loyfer N, Vosk-Artzi M, Benyamini H, Bielenberg D, Kaplan T, Buganim Y, Reches M, Benny O. Triangular correlation (TrC) between cancer aggressiveness, cell uptake capability, and cell deformability. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaax2861. [PMID: 31998832 PMCID: PMC6962040 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax2861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The malignancy potential is correlated with the mechanical deformability of the cancer cells. However, mechanical tests for clinical applications are limited. We present here a Triangular Correlation (TrC) between cell deformability, phagocytic capacity, and cancer aggressiveness, suggesting that phagocytic measurements can be a mechanical surrogate marker of malignancy. The TrC was proved in human prostate cancer cells with different malignancy potential, and in human bladder cancer and melanoma cells that were sorted into subpopulations based solely on their phagocytic capacity. The more phagocytic subpopulations showed elevated aggressiveness ex vivo and in vivo. The uptake potential was preserved, and differences in gene expression and in epigenetic signature were detected. In all cases, enhanced phagocytic and aggressiveness phenotypes were correlated with greater cell deformability and predicted by a computational model. Our multidisciplinary study provides the proof of concept that phagocytic measurements can be applied for cancer diagnostics and precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifat Brill-Karniely
- Institute for Drug Research, The School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
- Corresponding author. (O.B.); (Y.B.-K.)
| | - Dvir Dror
- Institute for Drug Research, The School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Tal Duanis-Assaf
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Yoel Goldstein
- Institute for Drug Research, The School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Ouri Schwob
- Institute for Drug Research, The School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Talya Millo
- Institute for Drug Research, The School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Natalie Orehov
- Institute for Drug Research, The School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Tal Stern
- Institute for Drug Research, The School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Mohammad Jaber
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University–Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Netanel Loyfer
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Margarita Vosk-Artzi
- Institute for Drug Research, The School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Hadar Benyamini
- Info-CORE, Bioinformatics Unit of the I-CORE at the Hebrew University and Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Diane Bielenberg
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tommy Kaplan
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Yosef Buganim
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University–Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Meital Reches
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Ofra Benny
- Institute for Drug Research, The School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
- Corresponding author. (O.B.); (Y.B.-K.)
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15
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Nushtaeva AA, Karpushina AA, Ermakov MS, Gulyaeva LF, Gerasimov AV, Sidorov SV, Gayner TA, Yunusova AY, Tkachenko AV, Richter VA, Koval OA. Establishment of primary human breast cancer cell lines using "pulsed hypoxia" method and development of metastatic tumor model in immunodeficient mice. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:46. [PMID: 30858763 PMCID: PMC6394017 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0766-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Among breast cancer (BC) patients the outcomes of anticancer therapy vary dramatically due to the highly heterogeneous molecular characteristics of BC. Therefore, an extended panel of BC cell lines are required for in vitro and in vivo studies to find out new characteristic of carcinogenesis and metastasis. The purpose of this study was to develop patient-derived BC cell cultures and metastatic tumor models representing a tool for personal therapy and translational research. Methods Breast cancer cells were prepared by optimizing technique from tumor samples. We used real-time RT-PCR, flow cytometry, western blotting, cytotoxicity assay, karyotyping and fluorescent and electron microscopy analyses to characterize the established cell lines. BC xenografts in scid mice were used for in vivo tumorigenicity studies. Results The technique of preparing primary cells was optimized and this resulted in a high output of viable and active proliferated cells of nine patient-derived breast cancer cell lines and one breast non-malignant cell line. High E-cadherine and EpCAM expression correlated positively with epithelial phenotype while high expression of N-cadherine and Vimentin were shown in cells with mesenchymal phenotype. All mesenchymal-like cell lines were high HER3-positive—up to 90%. More interesting than that, is that two cell lines under specific culturing conditions (pulsed hypoxia and conditioned media) progressively transformed from mesenchymal to epithelial phenotypes displaying the expression of respective molecular markers proving that the mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition occurred. Becoming epithelial, these cells have lost HER3 and decreased HER2 membrane receptors. Three of the established epithelial cancer cell lines were tumorigenic in SCID mice and the generated tumors exhibited lobules-like structures. Ultrastructure analysis revealed low-differentiate phenotype of tumorigenic cell lines. These cells were in near-triploid range with multiple chromosome rearrangements. Tumorigenic BrCCh4e cells, originated from the patient of four-course chemotherapy, initiated metastasis when they were grafted subcutaneous with colonization of mediastinum lymph nodes. Conclusions The developed BC cells metastasizing to mediastinum lymph nodes are a relevant model for downstream applications. Moreover, our findings demonstrate that pulsed hypoxia induces transformation of primary fibroblastoid breast cancer cells to epithelial-like cells and both of these cultures—induced and original—don’t show tumor initiating capacity. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12935-019-0766-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna A Nushtaeva
- 1Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Avenue, 8, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
| | - Anastasia A Karpushina
- 1Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Avenue, 8, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
| | - Mikhail S Ermakov
- 2Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Str. 1, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
| | - Ludmila F Gulyaeva
- 2Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Str. 1, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia.,3Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Ac. Timakov Str. 2, Novosibirsk, 630117 Russia
| | - Alexey V Gerasimov
- National Novosibirsk Regional Oncology Dispensary, Plakhotnogo Str. 2, Novosibirsk, 630000 Russia
| | - Sergey V Sidorov
- Novosibirsk Municipal Budgetary Healthcare Institution "Municipal Clinical Hospital #1", Zalessky Str. 6, Novosibirsk, 630047 Russia
| | - Tatyana A Gayner
- 1Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Avenue, 8, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
| | - Anastasia Y Yunusova
- 1Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Avenue, 8, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
| | - Anastasia V Tkachenko
- 1Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Avenue, 8, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
| | - Vladimir A Richter
- 1Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Avenue, 8, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
| | - Olga A Koval
- 1Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Avenue, 8, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia.,2Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Str. 1, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
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16
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Dong L, Wijesinghe P, Sampson DD, Kennedy BF, Munro PRT, Oberai AA. Volumetric quantitative optical coherence elastography with an iterative inversion method. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 10:384-398. [PMID: 30800487 PMCID: PMC6377890 DOI: 10.1364/boe.10.000384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
It is widely accepted that accurate mechanical properties of three-dimensional soft tissues and cellular samples are not available on the microscale. Current methods based on optical coherence elastography can measure displacements at the necessary resolution, and over the volumes required for this task. However, in converting this data to maps of elastic properties, they often impose assumptions regarding homogeneity in stress or elastic properties that are violated in most realistic scenarios. Here, we introduce novel, rigorous, and computationally efficient inverse problem techniques that do not make these assumptions, to realize quantitative volumetric elasticity imaging on the microscale. Specifically, we iteratively solve the three-dimensional elasticity inverse problem using displacement maps obtained from compression optical coherence elastography. This is made computationally feasible with adaptive mesh refinement and domain decomposition methods. By employing a transparent, compliant surface layer with known shear modulus as a reference for the measurement, absolute shear modulus values are produced within a millimeter-scale sample volume. We demonstrate the method on phantoms, on a breast cancer sample ex vivo, and on human skin in vivo. Quantitative elastography on this length scale will find wide application in cell biology, tissue engineering and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Dong
- Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78705, USA
| | - Philip Wijesinghe
- BRITElab, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
- Optical + Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Department of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - David D. Sampson
- Optical + Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Department of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
- University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, UK
| | - Brendan F. Kennedy
- BRITElab, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
- Department of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Peter R. T. Munro
- Department of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Assad A. Oberai
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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17
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Hume RD, Pensa S, Brown EJ, Kreuzaler PA, Hitchcock J, Husmann A, Campbell JJ, Lloyd-Thomas AO, Cameron RE, Watson CJ. Tumour cell invasiveness and response to chemotherapeutics in adipocyte invested 3D engineered anisotropic collagen scaffolds. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12658. [PMID: 30139956 PMCID: PMC6107500 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30107-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancers are highly heterogeneous and their metastatic potential and response to therapeutic drugs is difficult to predict. A tool that could accurately gauge tumour invasiveness and drug response would provide a valuable addition to the oncologist’s arsenal. We have developed a 3-dimensional (3D) culture model that recapitulates the stromal environment of breast cancers by generating anisotropic (directional) collagen scaffolds seeded with adipocytes and culturing tumour fragments therein. Analysis of tumour cell invasion in the presence of various therapeutic drugs, by immunofluorescence microscopy coupled with an optical clearing technique, demonstrated the utility of this approach in determining both the rate and capacity of tumour cells to migrate through the stroma while shedding light also on the mode of migration. Furthermore, the response of different murine mammary tumour types to chemotherapeutic drugs could be readily quantified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Hume
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Sara Pensa
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Elizabeth J Brown
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Peter A Kreuzaler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Jessica Hitchcock
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Anke Husmann
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
| | - Jonathan J Campbell
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
| | - Annabel O Lloyd-Thomas
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Ruth E Cameron
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
| | - Christine J Watson
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK.
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18
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A Normalized Shear Deformation Indicator for Ultrasound Strain Elastography in Breast Tissues: An In Vivo Feasibility Study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:2053612. [PMID: 29789777 PMCID: PMC5896347 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2053612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Revised: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The shear deformation under loads contains useful information for distinguishing benign breast lesions from malignant ones. In this study, we proposed a normalized shear deformation indicator (NSDI) that was derived from the concept of principal strains. Since the NSDI requires both high-quality axial and lateral (parallel and perpendicular to the beam, resp.) displacement estimates, a strategy combining high-quality speckle tracking with signal “denoising” was employed. Both techniques were previously published by our group. Finite element (FE) models were used to identify possible causes for elevated NSDI values in and around breast lesions, followed by an analysis of ultrasound data acquired from 26 biopsy-confirmed in vivo breast lesions. We found that, theoretically, the elevated NSDI values could be attributed to two factors: significantly hardened tissue stiffness and increasing heterogeneity. The analysis of in vivo data showed that the proposed NSDI values were higher (p < 0.05) among malignant cancers as compared to those measured from benign ones. In conclusion, our preliminary results demonstrated that the calculation of NSDI value is feasible and NSDI could add value to breast lesion differentiation with current clinical equipment as a postprocessing tool.
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19
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Pinkert MA, Salkowski LR, Keely PJ, Hall TJ, Block WF, Eliceiri KW. Review of quantitative multiscale imaging of breast cancer. J Med Imaging (Bellingham) 2018; 5:010901. [PMID: 29392158 PMCID: PMC5777512 DOI: 10.1117/1.jmi.5.1.010901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide and ranks second in terms of overall cancer deaths. One of the difficulties associated with treating breast cancer is that it is a heterogeneous disease with variations in benign and pathologic tissue composition, which contributes to disease development, progression, and treatment response. Many of these phenotypes are uncharacterized and their presence is difficult to detect, in part due to the sparsity of methods to correlate information between the cellular microscale and the whole-breast macroscale. Quantitative multiscale imaging of the breast is an emerging field concerned with the development of imaging technology that can characterize anatomic, functional, and molecular information across different resolutions and fields of view. It involves a diverse collection of imaging modalities, which touch large sections of the breast imaging research community. Prospective studies have shown promising results, but there are several challenges, ranging from basic physics and engineering to data processing and quantification, that must be met to bring the field to maturity. This paper presents some of the challenges that investigators face, reviews currently used multiscale imaging methods for preclinical imaging, and discusses the potential of these methods for clinical breast imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Pinkert
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, Department of Medical Physics, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Lonie R. Salkowski
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, Department of Medical Physics, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, Department of Radiology, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Patricia J. Keely
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Timothy J. Hall
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, Department of Medical Physics, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Walter F. Block
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, Department of Medical Physics, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, Department of Radiology, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Kevin W. Eliceiri
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, Department of Medical Physics, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
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20
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Wang Y, Nasief HG, Kohn S, Milkowski A, Clary T, Barnes S, Barbone PE, Hall TJ. Three-dimensional Ultrasound Elasticity Imaging on an Automated Breast Volume Scanning System. ULTRASONIC IMAGING 2017; 39:369-392. [PMID: 28585511 PMCID: PMC5643218 DOI: 10.1177/0161734617712238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound elasticity imaging has demonstrated utility in breast imaging, but it is typically performed with handheld transducers and two-dimensional imaging. Two-dimensional (2D) elastography images tissue stiffness of only a plane and hence suffers from errors due to out-of-plane motion, whereas three-dimensional (3D) data acquisition and motion tracking can be used to track out-of-plane motion that is lost in 2D elastography systems. A commercially available automated breast volume scanning system that acquires 3D ultrasound data with precisely controlled elevational movement of the 1D array ultrasound transducer was employed in this study. A hybrid guided 3D motion-tracking algorithm was developed that first estimated the displacements in one plane using a modified quality-guided search method, and then performed an elevational guided-search for displacement estimation in adjacent planes. To assess the performance of the method, 3D radiofrequency echo data were acquired with this system from a phantom and from an in vivo human breast. For both experiments, the axial displacement fields were smooth and high cross-correlation coefficients were obtained in most of the tracking region. The motion-tracking performance of the new method was compared with a correlation-based exhaustive-search method. For all motion-tracking volume pairs, the average motion-compensated cross-correlation values obtained by the guided-search motion-tracking method were equivalent to those by the exhaustive-search method, and the computation time was about a factor of 10 lesser. Therefore, the proposed 3D ultrasound elasticity imaging method was a more efficient approach to produce a high quality of 3D ultrasound strain image.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Wang
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Haidy G Nasief
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Sarah Kohn
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Andy Milkowski
- Siemens Healthcare USA, Ultrasound Division, Issaquah, WA 98029, USA
| | - Tom Clary
- The Inception Group, LLC, Sammamish, WA 98075, USA
| | - Stephen Barnes
- Siemens Healthcare USA, Ultrasound Division, Issaquah, WA 98029, USA
| | - Paul E Barbone
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Timothy J Hall
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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21
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Tyagi M, Wang Y, Hall TJ, Barbone PE, Oberai AA. Improving three-dimensional mechanical imaging of breast lesions with principal component analysis. Med Phys 2017; 44:4194-4203. [PMID: 28547868 DOI: 10.1002/mp.12372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Elastography has emerged as a new tool for detecting and diagnosing many types of diseases including breast cancer. To date, most clinical applications of elastography have utilized two-dimensional strain images. The goal of this paper is to present a new quasi-static elastography technique that yields shear modulus images in three dimensions. METHODS An automated breast volume scanner was used to acquire ultrasound images of the breast as it was gently compressed. Cross-correlation between successive images was used to determine the displacement within the tissue. The resulting displacement field was filtered of all but compressive motion through principal component analysis. This displacement field was used to infer spatial distribution of shear modulus by solving a 3D elastic inverse problem. RESULTS Three dimensional shear modulus images of benign breast lesions for two subjects were generated using the techniques described above. It was found that the lesions were visualized more clearly in images generated using the displacement data de-noised through the use of principal components. CONCLUSIONS We have presented experimental and algorithmic techniques that lead to three-dimensional imaging of shear modulus using quasi-static elastography. This work demonstrates feasibility of this approach, and lays the foundation for images of other, more informative, mechanical parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Tyagi
- Scientific Computation Research Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, NY , 12120, USA
| | - Yuqi Wang
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Timothy J Hall
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Paul E Barbone
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Assad A Oberai
- Scientific Computation Research Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, NY , 12180, USA
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22
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Chin L, Latham B, Saunders CM, Sampson DD, Kennedy BF. Simplifying the assessment of human breast cancer by mapping a micro-scale heterogeneity index in optical coherence elastography. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2017; 10:690-700. [PMID: 27618159 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201600092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Surgical treatment of breast cancer aims to identify and remove all malignant tissue. Intraoperative assessment of tumor margins is, however, not exact; thus, re-excision is frequently needed, or excess normal tissue is removed. Imaging methods applicable intraoperatively could help to reduce re-excision rates whilst minimizing removal of excess healthy tissue. Optical coherence elastography (OCE) has been proposed for use in breast-conserving surgery; however, intraoperative interpretation of complex OCE images may prove challenging. Observations of breast cancer on multiple length scales, by OCE, ultrasound elastography, and atomic force microscopy, have shown an increase in the mechanical heterogeneity of malignant breast tumors compared to normal breast tissue. In this study, a micro-scale mechanical heterogeneity index is introduced and used to form heterogeneity maps from OCE scans of 10 ex vivo human breast tissue samples. Through comparison of OCE, optical coherence tomography images, and corresponding histology, malignant tissue is shown to possess a higher heterogeneity index than benign tissue. The heterogeneity map simplifies the contrast between tumor and normal stroma in breast tissue, facilitating the rapid identification of possible areas of malignancy, which is an important step towards intraoperative margin assessment using OCE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Chin
- Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- BRITElab, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, 6 Verdun St, Nedlands, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Bruce Latham
- PathWest, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Robin Warren Drive, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Christobel M Saunders
- School of Surgery, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- Breast Clinic, Royal Perth Hospital, 197 Wellington Street, Perth, WA 6000, Australia
| | - David D Sampson
- Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation & Analysis, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Brendan F Kennedy
- Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- BRITElab, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, 6 Verdun St, Nedlands, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
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23
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Babaniyi OA, Oberai AA, Barbone PE. Direct Error in Constitutive Equation Formulation for Plane stress Inverse Elasticity Problem. COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING 2017; 314:3-18. [PMID: 28584385 PMCID: PMC5456344 DOI: 10.1016/j.cma.2016.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
We present a new computational formulation for inverse problems in elasticity with full field data. The formulation is a variant of an error in the constitutive equation formulation, but allows direct solution for the modulus field and accommodates discontinuous strain fields. The development of the formulation is motivated by the relatively poor performance of current direct formulations, reported so far in literature, in dealing with discontinuities in the strain and material property distribution. The formulation relies on minimizing the error in the constitutive equation, and a momentum equation constraint. Numerical results on model problems show that the formulation is capable handling discontinuous, and noisy strain fields, and also converging with mesh refinement for continuous and discontinuous material property distributions. The application to reconstruct the elastic modulus distribution in solid breast tumors is shown.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Assad A. Oberai
- Mechanical Aerospace and Nuclear Engineering, RPI, Troy, NY, 12180
| | - Paul E. Barbone
- Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215
- Corresponding author, (Paul E. Barbone)
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