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Zhiyan C, Min Z, Yida D, Chunying H, Xiaohua H, Yutong L, Huan W, Linjuan S. Bioinformatic analysis of hippocampal histopathology in Alzheimer's disease and the therapeutic effects of active components of traditional Chinese medicine. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1424803. [PMID: 39221152 PMCID: PMC11362046 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1424803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Pathological changes in the central nervous system (CNS) begin before the clinical symptoms of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) manifest, with the hippocampus being one of the first affected structures. Current treatments fail to alter AD progression. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has shown potential in improving AD pathology through multi-target mechanisms. This study investigates pathological changes in AD hippocampal tissue and explores TCM active components that may alleviate these changes. Methods GSE5281 and GSE173955 datasets were downloaded from GEO and normalized to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Key functional modules and hub genes were analyzed using Cytoscape and R. Active TCM components were identified from literature and the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China. Enrichment analyses were performed on target genes overlapping with DEGs. Result From the datasets, 76 upregulated and 363 downregulated genes were identified. Hub genes included SLAMF, CD34, ELN (upregulated) and ATP5F1B, VDAC1, VDAC2, HSPA8, ATP5F1C, PDHA1, UBB, SNCA, YWHAZ, PGK1 (downregulated). Literature review identified 33 active components from 23 herbal medicines. Target gene enrichment and analysis were performed for six components: dihydroartemisinin, berberine, naringenin, calycosin, echinacoside, and icariside II. Conclusion Mitochondrial to synaptic vesicle dysfunction pathways were enriched in downregulated genes. Despite downregulation, UBB and SNCA proteins accumulate in AD brains. TCM studies suggest curcumin and echinacoside may improve hippocampal pathology and cognitive impairment in AD. Further investigation into their mechanisms is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhiyan
- Graduate School of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhan Min
- Department of Neurology, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Xiyuan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Du Yida
- Graduate School of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - He Chunying
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hu Xiaohua
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Yutong
- Graduate School of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wang Huan
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sun Linjuan
- Department of Neurology, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Xiyuan Hospital, Beijing, China
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Ding X, Ma X, Meng P, Yue J, Li L, Xu L. Potential Effects of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Anti-Aging and Aging-Related Diseases: Current Evidence and Perspectives. Clin Interv Aging 2024; 19:681-693. [PMID: 38706635 PMCID: PMC11070163 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s447514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging and aging-related diseases present a global public health problem. Therefore, the development of efficient anti-aging drugs has become an important area of research. Traditional Chinese medicine is an important complementary and alternative branch of aging-related diseases therapy. Recently, a growing number of studies have revealed that traditional Chinese medicine has a certain delaying effect on the progression of aging and aging-related diseases. Here, we review the progress in research into using traditional Chinese medicine for aging and aging-related diseases (including neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and cancer). Furthermore, we summarize the potential mechanisms of action of traditional Chinese medicine and provide references for further studies on aging and aging-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Ding
- Department of Medical, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiuxia Ma
- Department of AIDS Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Meng
- Department of the First Clinical Medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingyu Yue
- Department of AIDS Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liangping Li
- Department of Graduate, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liran Xu
- Department of the First Clinical Medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Wang T, Zhang X, Liu W, Ning F, Hu X, Qin L, Cui M, Yang J, Lv S, Wang Q. Identification of diagnostic molecules and potential traditional Chinese medicine components for Alzheimer's disease by single cell RNA sequencing combined with a systematic framework for network pharmacology. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 10:1335512. [PMID: 38249960 PMCID: PMC10799563 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1335512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) provides new perspectives and ideas to investigate the interactions between different cell types and organisms. By integrating scRNA-seq with new computational frameworks or specific technologies, better Alzheimer's disease (AD) treatments may be developed. Methods The single-cell sequencing dataset GSE158234 was obtained from the GEO database. Preprocessing, quality control, dimensionality-reducing clustering, and annotation to identify cell types were performed on it. RNA-seq profiling dataset GSE238013 was used to determine the components of specific cell subpopulations in diverse samples. A set of genes included in the OMIM, Genecards, CTD, and DisGeNET databases were selected as highly plausible AD-related genes. Then, ROC curves were created to predict the diagnostic value using the significantly expressed genes in the KO group as hub genes. The genes mentioned above were mapped to the Coremine Medical database to forecast prospective therapeutic Chinese medicines, and a "Chinese medicine-ingredient-target" network was constructed to screen for potential therapeutic targets. The last step was to undertake Mendelian randomization research to determine the causal link between the critical gene IL1B and AD in the genome-wide association study. Results Using the scRNA-seq dataset, five unique cell clusters were discovered. These clusters were further subdivided into four distinct cell types using marker genes. The KO group showed a more substantial differential subgroup of macrophages than the WT group. By using the available datasets and PPI network analysis, 54 common genes were discovered. Four clusters were identified using the MCODE approach, and correlation analysis showed that seven genes in those four clusters had a significantly negative correlation with macrophages. Six genes in four sets had a significantly positive correlation. Five genes had different levels of expression in the WT and KO groups. The String database was used to identify the regulatory relationships between the four genes (IL10, CX3CR1, IL1B, and IL6) that were finally selected as AD hub genes. Screening identified potential traditional Chinese medicine to intervene in the transformation process of AD, including Radix Salviae, ginseng, Ganoderma, licorice, Coptidis Rhizoma, and Scutellariae Radix, in addition to promising therapeutic targets, such as PTGS1, PTGS2, and RXRA. Finally, it was shown that IL1B directly correlated with immune cell infiltration in AD. In inverse variance weighting, we found that IL1B was associated with a higher risk of AD, with an OR of 1.003 (95% CI = 1.001-1.006, p = 0.038). Conclusion Our research combined network pharmacology and the scRNA-seq computational framework to uncover pertinent hub genes and prospective traditional Chinese medicine potential therapeutic targets for AD. These discoveries may aid in understanding the molecular processes behind AD genes and the development of novel medications to treat the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Neck-Shoulder and Lumbocrural Pain Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Xinlei Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, China
| | - Wenxin Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, China
| | - Fangli Ning
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, China
| | - Xingling Hu
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, China
| | - Lei Qin
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, China
| | - Mengmeng Cui
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, China
| | - Jinyue Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, China
| | - Shi Lv
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian, China
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Zeng B, Tang C, Wang J, Yang Q, Ren Q, Liu X. Pharmacologic and Nutritional Interventions for Early Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 99:1173-1186. [PMID: 38759015 PMCID: PMC11191524 DOI: 10.3233/jad-240161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Background Early intervention is essential for meaningful disease modification in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Objective We aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of pharmacologic and nutritional interventions for early AD. Methods PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched from database inception until 1 September 2023. We included randomized controlled trials that evaluated the efficacy of interventions in early AD. Only interventions that demonstrated efficacy compared to placebo were included in the network meta-analysis (NMA). Then we performed frequentist fixed-effects NMA to rank the interventions. GRADE criteria were used to evaluate the level of evidence. Results Fifty-eight trials including a total of 33,864 participants and 48 interventions were eligible for inclusion. Among the 48 interventions analyzed, only 6 (12.5%) treatments- ranging from low to high certainty- showed significant improvement in cognitive decline compared to placebo. High certainty evidence indicated that donanemab (standardized mean difference [SMD] -0.239, 95% confidence interval [CI] -0.343 to -0.134) and lecanemab (SMD -0.194, 95% CI -0.279 to -0.108) moderately slowed the clinical progression in patients with amyloid pathology. Additionally, methylphenidate, donepezil, LipiDiDiet, and aducanumab with low certainty showed significant improvement in cognitive decline compared to placebo. However, there was no significant difference in serious adverse events as reported between the six interventions and placebo. Conclusions Only 12.5% of interventions studied demonstrated efficacy in reducing cognitive impairment in early AD. Donanemab and lecanemab have the potential to moderately slow the clinical progression in patients with amyloid pathology. Further evidence is required for early intervention in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoqi Zeng
- Central Laboratory, Tianjin Fifth Central Hospital (Peking University Binhai Hospital), Tianjin, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Epigenetic for Organ Development of Preterm Infants, Tianjin Fifth Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Emergency Department, Tianjin Fifth Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
- High Altitude Characteristic Medical Research Institute, Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture People’s Hospital, Huangnan, Qinghai, China
| | - Chunbian Tang
- Central Laboratory, Tianjin Fifth Central Hospital (Peking University Binhai Hospital), Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Epigenetic for Organ Development of Preterm Infants, Tianjin Fifth Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Medical School of Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Junjian Wang
- Emergency Department, Tianjin Fifth Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qingqing Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Qingcuo Ren
- High Altitude Characteristic Medical Research Institute, Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture People’s Hospital, Huangnan, Qinghai, China
| | - Xiaozhi Liu
- Central Laboratory, Tianjin Fifth Central Hospital (Peking University Binhai Hospital), Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Epigenetic for Organ Development of Preterm Infants, Tianjin Fifth Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
- High Altitude Characteristic Medical Research Institute, Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture People’s Hospital, Huangnan, Qinghai, China
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Islam A, Mishra A, Ahsan R, Fareha S. Phytopharmaceuticals and Herbal Approaches to Target Neurodegenerative Disorders. Drug Res (Stuttg) 2023; 73:388-407. [PMID: 37308092 DOI: 10.1055/a-2076-7939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegeneration is characterized as the continuous functional and structural loss of neurons, resulting in various clinical and pathological manifestations and loss of functional anatomy. Medicinal plants have been oppressed from ancient years and are highly considered throughout the world as a rich source of therapeutic means for the prevention, treatment of various ailments. Plant-derived medicinal products are becoming popular in India and other nations. Further herbal therapies shows good impact on chronic long term illnesses including degenerative conditions of neurons and brain. The use of herbal medicines continues to expand rapidly across the world. The active phytochemical constituents of individual plants are sometimes insufficient to achieve the desirable therapeutic effects. Combining the multiple herbs in a particular ratio (polyherbalism) will give a better therapeutic effect and reduce toxicity. Herbal-based nanosystems are also being studied as a way to enhance the delivery and bioavailability of phytochemical compounds for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. This review mainly focuses on the importance of the herbal medicines, polyherbalism and herbal-based nanosystems and its clinical significance for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anas Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Integral University, Dasauli, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anuradha Mishra
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Lucknow, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, (U.P.) India
| | - Rabia Ahsan
- Department of Pharmacy, Integral University, Dasauli, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Syed Fareha
- Department of Bioengineering, Integral University,, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Yagüe E, Sun H, Hu Y. East Wind, West Wind: Toward the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1057817. [PMID: 36440293 PMCID: PMC9685990 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1057817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has used herbal remedies for more than 2,000 years. The use of complimentary therapies has increased dramatically during the last years, especially in the West, and the incorporation and modernization of TCM in current medical practice is gaining momentum. We reflect on the main bottlenecks in the modernization of arcane Chinese herbal medicine: lack of standardization, safety concerns and poor quality of clinical trials, as well as the ways these are being overcome. Progress in these areas will facilitate the implementation of an efficacy approach, in which only successful clinical trials lead to the molecular characterization of active compounds and their mechanism of action. Traditional pharmacological methodologies will produce novel leads and drugs, and we describe TCM successes such as the discovery of artemisinin as well as many others still in the pipeline. Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease, cancer and cardiovascular disease are the main cause of mortality in the Western world and, with an increasing old population in South East Asia, this trend will also increase in the Far East. TCM has been used for long time for treating these diseases in China and other East Asian countries. However, the holistic nature of TCM requires a paradigm shift. By changing our way of thinking, from "one-target, one-drug" to "network-target, multiple-component-therapeutics," network pharmacology, together with other system biology methodologies, will pave the way toward TCM modernization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Yagüe
- Division of Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - He Sun
- The State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Tasly Academy, Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China
| | - Yunhui Hu
- Cloudphar Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
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Lee J, Kwon S, Jin C, Cho SY, Park SU, Jung WS, Moon SK, Park JM, Ko CN, Cho KH. Traditional East Asian Herbal Medicine Treatment for Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:174. [PMID: 35215287 PMCID: PMC8874541 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a leading progressive neurodegenerative disease worldwide, and its treatment is a challenging clinical problem. This review was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of herbal medicine for AD treatment. The PubMed, CENTRAL, EMBASE, CNKI, OASIS, KTKP, and CiNii databases were searched until June 2020 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on herbal medicine for AD, and a meta-analysis of 57 RCTs was conducted. For cognitive function, herbal medicine significantly improved the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and AD Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-cog) scores compared with conventional medicine. The MMSE scores showed no significant difference between the groups treated with herbal medicine and donepezil; however, herbal medicine significantly lowered the ADAS-cog score. Acori Graminei Rhizoma-containing and Cnidii Rhizoma-containing herbal medicine significantly improved the MMSE and ADAS-cog scores compared with conventional medicine. Ginseng Radix-containing herbal medicine showed a positive, but not statistically significant, tendency toward improving the MMSE score compared with conventional medicine. Herbal medicine with conventional medicine significantly improved the MMSE, ADAS-cog, and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores compared with conventional medicine, and herbal medicine with donepezil also significantly improved these scores compared with donepezil. Acori Graminei Rhizoma or Cnidii Rhizoma-containing herbal medicine with conventional medicine significantly improved the MMSE and ADAS-cog scores compared with conventional medicine. Ginseng Radix-containing herbal medicine + conventional medicine significantly improved the MMSE score, but not the ADAS-cog score, compared with conventional medicine. For behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia, the Neuropsychiatry Inventory (NPI) score was not significantly different between herbal and conventional medicines. Herbal medicine with conventional medicine significantly improved the NPI and Behavioral Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease Rating Scale scores compared with conventional medicine. The NPI score showed no significant difference between the groups treated with herbal medicine and placebo. Furthermore, herbal medicine with conventional medicine significantly lowered plasma amyloid beta levels compared with conventional medicine alone. Herbal medicine, whether used alone or as an adjuvant, may have beneficial effects on AD treatment. However, owing to the methodological limitations and high heterogeneity of the included studies, concrete conclusions cannot be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- JiEun Lee
- Department of Korean Medicine Cardiology and Neurology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (J.L.); (C.J.)
| | - Seungwon Kwon
- Department of Cardiology and Neurology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (S.-Y.C.); (S.-U.P.); (W.-S.J.); (S.-K.M.); (J.-M.P.); (C.-N.K.); (K.-H.C.)
| | - Chul Jin
- Department of Korean Medicine Cardiology and Neurology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (J.L.); (C.J.)
| | - Seung-Yeon Cho
- Department of Cardiology and Neurology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (S.-Y.C.); (S.-U.P.); (W.-S.J.); (S.-K.M.); (J.-M.P.); (C.-N.K.); (K.-H.C.)
| | - Seong-Uk Park
- Department of Cardiology and Neurology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (S.-Y.C.); (S.-U.P.); (W.-S.J.); (S.-K.M.); (J.-M.P.); (C.-N.K.); (K.-H.C.)
| | - Woo-Sang Jung
- Department of Cardiology and Neurology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (S.-Y.C.); (S.-U.P.); (W.-S.J.); (S.-K.M.); (J.-M.P.); (C.-N.K.); (K.-H.C.)
| | - Sang-Kwan Moon
- Department of Cardiology and Neurology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (S.-Y.C.); (S.-U.P.); (W.-S.J.); (S.-K.M.); (J.-M.P.); (C.-N.K.); (K.-H.C.)
| | - Jung-Mi Park
- Department of Cardiology and Neurology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (S.-Y.C.); (S.-U.P.); (W.-S.J.); (S.-K.M.); (J.-M.P.); (C.-N.K.); (K.-H.C.)
| | - Chang-Nam Ko
- Department of Cardiology and Neurology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (S.-Y.C.); (S.-U.P.); (W.-S.J.); (S.-K.M.); (J.-M.P.); (C.-N.K.); (K.-H.C.)
| | - Ki-Ho Cho
- Department of Cardiology and Neurology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (S.-Y.C.); (S.-U.P.); (W.-S.J.); (S.-K.M.); (J.-M.P.); (C.-N.K.); (K.-H.C.)
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Zhou XB, Zhang YX, Zhou CX, Ma JJ. Chinese Herbal Medicine Adjusting Brain Microenvironment via Mediating Central Nervous System Lymphatic Drainage in Alzheimer's Disease. Chin J Integr Med 2021; 28:176-184. [PMID: 34731433 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-021-3342-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Due to its complex pathogenesis and lack of effective therapeutic methods, Alzheimer's disease (AD) has become a severe public health problem worldwide. Recent studies have discovered the function of central nervous system lymphatic drainage, which provides a new strategy for the treatment of AD. Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) has been considered as a cure for AD for hundreds of years in China, and its effect on scavenging β-amyloid protein in the brain of AD patients has been confirmed. In this review, the mechanism of central nervous system lymphatic drainage and the regulatory functions of CHM on correlation factors were briefly summarized. The advances in our understanding regarding the treatment of AD via regulating the central lymphatic system with CHM will promote the clinical application of CHM in AD patients and the discovery of new therapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Bin Zhou
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Yu-Xing Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Chun-Xiang Zhou
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, China.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing BenQ Hospital, Nanjing, 210036, China
| | - Jun-Jie Ma
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, China.
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9
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Wang K, Sun W, Xu J, Qin Q, Yu Z, Cheng R, Zhang L, Liu S, Zhou Z, Zhang Y, Cui Y. Yishen Huazhuo Decoction Induces Autophagy to Promote the Clearance of Aβ<sub>1-42</sub> in SAMP8 Mice: Mechanism Research of a Traditional Chinese Formula Against Alzheimer's Disease. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2021; 19:276-289. [PMID: 32496993 DOI: 10.2174/1871527319666200604174223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have found that autophagy could promote the clearance of Aβ. To promote and maintain the occurrence of autophagy in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) might be a potential way to reduce neuronal loss and improve the learning and memory of AD. OBJECTIVE To investigate the possible mechanisms of Yishen Huazhuo Decoction (YHD) against AD model. METHODS Forty 7-month-old male SAMP8 mice were randomly divided into model (P8) group and YHD group, 20 in each group, with 20 SAMR1 mice as control (R1) group. All mice were intragastrically administered for 4 weeks, YHD at the dosage of 6.24g/kg for YHD group, and distilled water for P8 group and R1 group. Morris Water Maze (MWM) test, Nissl's staining, TEM, TUNEL staining, immunofluorescence double staining, and western blot analysis were applied to learning and memory, structure and ultrastructure of neurons, autophagosome, apoptosis index, Aβ, LAMP1, and autophagy related proteins. RESULTS The escape latency time of YHD group was significantly shorter on the 4th and 5th day during MWM test than those in P8 group (P=0.011, 0.008<0.05), and the number of crossing platform in YHD group increased significantly (P=0.02<0.05). Nissl's staining showed that the number of neurons in YHD group increased significantly (P<0.0001). TEM showed in YHD group that the nucleus of neurons was slightly irregular, with slightly reduced organelles, partially fused and blurred cristae and membrane of mitochondria. The apoptosis index of YHD group showed a decreasing trend, without statistically significant difference (P=0.093>0.05), while Caspase3 expression in YHD group was significantly lower (P=0.044<0.05). YHD could promote the clearance of Aβ1-42 protein, improve the expression of Beclin-1 and p-Bcl2 proteins, reduce mTOR and p62 proteins. CONCLUSION YHD could induce autophagy initiation, increase the formation of autophagosomes and autolysosome, promote the degradation of autophagy substrates, thereby regulating autophagy, and promoting the clearance of Aβ1-42 to improve memory impairment in SAMP8 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- The Second Hospital Affiliated to Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300150, China
| | - Weiming Sun
- The Second Hospital Affiliated to Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300150, China
| | - Jiachun Xu
- The Second Hospital Affiliated to Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300150, China
| | - Qijing Qin
- International Zhuang Medical Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, 530201, China
| | - Zhen Yu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Ruzhen Cheng
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- The Second Hospital Affiliated to Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300150, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- The Second Hospital Affiliated to Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300150, China
| | - Zhen Zhou
- The Second Hospital Affiliated to Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300150, China
| | - Yulian Zhang
- The Second Hospital Affiliated to Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300150, China
| | - Yuanwu Cui
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Treatment Hospital, Shenzhen, 518100, China
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10
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Kwon CY, Lee B. Herbal Medicine for Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:713287. [PMID: 34385925 PMCID: PMC8353144 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.713287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Dementia is a global health concern, causing serious health and socioeconomic burdens with population aging. The associated symptoms of dementia, called behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD), are factors contributing to the socioeconomic burden of dementia. Recently, herbal medicine (HM) has attracted attention as a potential complementary therapy for BPSD. Therefore, this systematic review was aimed at analyzing the effectiveness (or efficacy), safety, and research status of HM in BPSD management through a comprehensive review. Methods: Thirteen electronic databases were searched comprehensively. Related clinical studies published until December 28, 2020, were collected. The methodological quality was evaluated using tools such as the Cochrane Collaboration’s risk of bias tool according to the study design. The effectiveness (or efficacy) was analyzed for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) only, and when sufficient homogeneity was assured, effect estimates were presented as mean difference (MD) and risk ratio (RR), with 95% confidence interval (CIs), through a meta-analysis. Results: A total of 52 clinical studies, including 36 RCTs, were included in this review. As an adjunctive therapy, HM showed statistically significant benefits in BPSD severity assessed by the Behavior Pathology in Alzheimer’s Disease Rating Scale (combined with psychotropic drugs: MD = −3.48, 95% CI: −3.96 to −2.99; with anti-dementia drugs: MD = −2.81, 95% CI: −3.17 to −2.45) and Neuropsychiatric Inventory (with anti-dementia drugs: MD = −3.23, 95% CI: −4.06 to −2.40). Adverse events were significantly less frequent in the HM group (RR = 0.50; 95% CI: 0.28 to 0.88). However, the methodological quality of the RCTs included in this systematic review was not optimal overall. Conclusion: According to the findings of this review, HM may be associated with additional benefits in BPSD treatment, particularly when used as an adjunct to conventional medications, including psychotropic and anti-dementia drugs. However, considering the methodological quality of the included RCTs, this clinical evidence is not robust. Nevertheless, dementia is a global health concern, and considering the limitations of conventional psychotropic drugs for BPSD, a major cause of the disease burden, HM appears to be a promising complementary therapy that warrants further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan-Young Kwon
- Department of Oriental Neuropsychiatry, Dong-Eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Boram Lee
- Department of Clinical Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
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Bushen-Tiansui Formula Improves Cognitive Functions in an A β 1-42 Fibril-Infused Rat Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Neural Plast 2020; 2020:8874885. [PMID: 33029123 PMCID: PMC7532368 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8874885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Bushen-Tiansui Formula (BTF) was empirically updated from a classical prescription named Kong-Sheng-Zhen-Zhong pill. It is based on the traditional Chinese medicine theory of the mutual relationship between the brain and the kidney and is intended to treat neurodegenerative diseases. This formulation has been used for several years to treat patients with Alzheimer's disease- (AD-) like symptoms in our clinical department. However, the medicinal ingredients and the mechanisms by which BTF improves cognition and memory functions have not been characterized. In this study, we used UPLC-MS to generate a chromatographic fingerprinting of BTF and identified five possible active ingredients, including stilbene glycoside; epimedin A1, B, and C; and icariin. We also showed that oral administration of BTF reversed the cognitive defects in an Aβ1–42 fibril-infused rat model of AD, protected synaptic ultrastructure in the CA1 region, and restored the expression of BDNF, synaptotagmin (Syt), and PSD95. These effects likely occurred through the BDNF-activated receptor tyrosine kinase B (TrkB)/Akt/CREB signaling pathway. Furthermore, BTF exhibited no short-term or chronic toxicity in rats. Together, these results provided a scientific support for the clinical use of BTF to improve learning and memory in patients with AD.
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Abstract
As the worldwide population ages, the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) increases. However, the results of promising medications have been unsatisfactory. Chinese acupuncture has a long history of treating dementia, but lack of evidence from well-designed randomized controlled trials that validate its efficacy and safety, as well as its lack of clear underlying mechanisms, contribute to its limited application in clinical practice. In recent years, brain imaging technologies, such as functional magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography, have been used to assess brain responses to acupuncture in a dynamic, visual, and objective way. These techniques are frequently used to explore neurological mechanisms of responses to acupuncture in AD and provide neuroimaging evidence as well as starting points to elucidate the possible mechanisms. This review summarizes the existing brain imaging evidence that explains the effects of acupuncture for AD and analyzes brain responses to acupuncture at cognitive-related acupoints [Baihui (GV 20), Shenmen (HT 7), Zusanli (ST 36), Neiguan (PC 6), and Taixi (KI 3)] from perspectives of acupoint specificity and acupoint combinations. Key issues and directions to consider in future studies are also put forward. This review should deepen our understanding of how brain imaging studies can be used to explore the underlying mechanisms of acupuncture in AD.
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CZYH Alleviates β-Amyloid-Induced Cognitive Impairment and Inflammation Response via Modulation of JNK and NF- κB Pathway in Rats. Behav Neurol 2019; 2019:9546761. [PMID: 31781295 PMCID: PMC6875391 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9546761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cu-Zhi-Yi-Hao (CZYH), an empirical formula of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has been used for amnesia treatment in clinical practice. However, its underlying pharmacological mechanism has not been fully illuminated. The current study was designed to investigate the neuroprotective effect of CZYH on a β-amyloid 25-35- (Aβ25-35-) induced learning and memory deficit rat model. CZYH (200, 400, or 800 mg/kg), donepezil (1.0 mg/kg), or distilled water was given to Aβ25-35-stimulated animals for 17 days consecutively. The Morris water maze test revealed that CZYH (400 or 800 mg/kg) administration improved the Aβ25-35-induced cognitive impairments in rats, and Nissl staining demonstrated that CZYH mitigated the Aβ-caused neuron loss. In addition, CZYH treatment markedly inhibited the activation of microglia as evidenced by a decreased level of IBA-1 and increased YM-1/2 protein expression. The protein expression levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and COX-2 were also repressed by CZYH. Besides, CZYH treatment alleviated Aβ-induced IκB-α degradation and NF-κB p65 phosphorylation, as well as reduced the JNK phosphorylation level. In conclusion, the present study suggests that CZYH could improve learning and memory abilities and relieve neuron loss in Aβ25-35-induced rats, at least partly through inhibition of the neuroinflammatory response via inhibiting the JNK-dependent NF-κB activation, indicating that CZYH might be a promising formula for the treatment of AD.
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Wang K, Sun W, Zhang L, Guo W, Xu J, Liu S, Zhou Z, Zhang Y. Oleanolic Acid Ameliorates Aβ25-35 Injection-induced Memory Deficit in Alzheimer's Disease Model Rats by Maintaining Synaptic Plasticity. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2019; 17:389-399. [PMID: 29793416 PMCID: PMC6327117 DOI: 10.2174/1871527317666180525113109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background: Abnormal amyloid β (Aβ) accumulation and deposition in the hippocampus is an essential process in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Objective: To investigate whether Oleanolic acid (OA) could improve memory deficit in AD model and its possible mechanism. Methods: Forty-five SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, model group, and OA group. AD models by injection of Aβ25-35 were built. Morris water maze (MWM) was applied to inves-tigate learning and memory, transmission electron microscope (TEM) to observe the ultrastructure of synapse, western blot to the proteins, electrophysiology for long-term potentiation (LTP), and Ca2+ con-centration in synapse was also measured. Results: The latency time in model group was significantly longer than that in sham operation group (P=0.0001); while it was significantly shorter in the OA group than that in model group (P=0.0001); compared with model group, the times of cross-platform in OA group significantly increased (P=0.0001). TEM results showed OA could alleviate neuron damage and synapses changes induced by Aβ25-35. The expressions of CaMKII, PKC, NMDAR2B, BDNF, TrkB, and CREB protein were signif-icantly improved by OA (P=0.0001, 0.036, 0.041, 0.0001, 0.0001, 0.026, respectively) compared with that in model group; the concentration of Ca2+ was significantly lower in OA group (1.11±0.42) than that in model group (1.68±0.18); and the slope rate (P=0.0001) and amplitude (P=0.0001) of f-EPSP significantly increased in OA group. Conclusion: The present results support that OA could ameliorate Aβ-induced memory loss of AD rats by maintaining synaptic plasticity of the hippocampus
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Graduate Institutes, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Weiming Sun
- Graduate Institutes, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Hospital Affiliated to Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300150, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Neurology, the Second Hospital Affiliated to Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300150, China
| | - Jiachun Xu
- Graduate Institutes, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Neurology, the Second Hospital Affiliated to Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300150, China
| | - Zhen Zhou
- Department of Neurology, the Second Hospital Affiliated to Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300150, China
| | - Yulian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Hospital Affiliated to Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300150, China
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Kim JH, Cho MR, Park GC, Lee JS. Effects of different acupuncture treatment methods on mild cognitive impairment: a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2019; 20:551. [PMID: 31484559 PMCID: PMC6727424 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-019-3670-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is an intermediate state between normal aging and Alzheimer's disease, which is the world's most common form of dementia. It is important to identify early and easily available interventions to delay the progression of MCI to Alzheimer's disease. Acupuncture has been reported to improve the clinical outcomes of MCI treatment. Acupuncture is a complex intervention, involving both specific and non-specific factors associated with therapeutic benefits. Therefore, we intend to obtain basic data for developing an optimal acupuncture treatment for MCI by comparing the effects of different acupuncture treatment methods on cognitive function in MCI patients. METHODS This study will be a prospective, outcome-assessor-blinded, parallel-arm, single-center (DongShin University Gwangju Korean Medicine Hospital, Republic of Korea), randomized controlled clinical trial. Thirty-two participants with MCI will be randomized in equal numbers to four groups (basic acupuncture (BA), acupoint specificity (AS), needle duration (ND), or electroacupuncture (EA)) and receive acupuncture treatment once per day, 3 days/week for 8 weeks. The BA and ND groups will receive acupuncture treatment for 30 and 20 min, respectively, at Baihui (GV20), Sishencong (EX-HN1), Fengchi (GB20), and Shenting (GV24). The EA group will receive electroacupuncture treatment at the same acupoints for 30 min. The AS group will receive acupuncture treatment at GV20, EX-HN1, GB20, GV24, and Taixi (KI3) for 30 min. The outcome measured will be scores on the Korean version of the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale, the Korean version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale, the Korean Activities of Daily Living scale, the Korean Instrumental Activities of Daily Living scale, and the European Quality of Life Five Dimension Five Level scale. All scores will be recorded before intervention, 8 weeks after the first intervention, and 12 weeks after completing the intervention. DISCUSSION Four acupuncture protocols will be assessed and compared as potential MCI treatments. This study is expected to provide data to be used in developing an optimal acupuncture method for MCI treatment. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical Research Information Service, KCT0003430 . Registered on 16 January 2019. http://cris.nih.go.kr ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hong Kim
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, DongShin University, Naju City, 58245 Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Rae Cho
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, DongShin University, Naju City, 58245 Republic of Korea
| | - Gwang-Cheon Park
- Clinical Research Center, DongShin University Gwangju Korean Medicine Hospital, 141, Wolsan-ro, Nam-gu, Gwangju City, 61619 Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Soon Lee
- Department of Nursing, Christian College of Nursing, Gwangju City, 61662 Republic of Korea
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Kim JH, Han JY, Park GC, Lee JS. Effects of electroacupuncture combined with computer-based cognitive rehabilitation on mild cognitive impairment: study protocol for a pilot randomized controlled trial. Trials 2019; 20:478. [PMID: 31382998 PMCID: PMC6683432 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-019-3599-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is defined as an intermediate stage between normal aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD), and early and easily available interventions to delay the progress of MCI to AD are necessary. Feasible complementary and alternative therapies such as electroacupuncture (EA), exercise, and cognitive training have shown some beneficial effects on MCI and AD. Here we report the protocol for a randomized controlled trial of the efficacy and safety of EA combined with computer-based cognitive rehabilitation (EA-CCR) for the treatment of MCI. METHODS The study will be a prospective, outcome assessor-blinded, parallel-arm, single-center (DongShin University Gwangju Korean Medicine Hospital, Republic of Korea), pilot randomized controlled clinical trial with a 1:1 allocation ratio. Participants with MCI will be randomized to a computer-based cognitive rehabilitation (CCR) or an EA-CCR group (n = 18 each). The CCR group will receive RehaCom cognitive rehabilitation once (30 min) a day, 3 days per week (excluding Saturday and Sunday) for 8 weeks. The EA-CCR group will receive EA at Baihui (GV20), Sishencong (EX-HN1), Fengchi (GB20), and Shenting (GV24) in addition to RehaCom cognitive rehabilitation once (EA:30 min, CCR:30 min) a day, 3 days per week (excluding Saturday and Sunday) for 8 weeks. The primary outcome will be an improvement in cognitive function assessed using the Korean version of the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale. Scores for the Korean version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment scale, Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, Korean Activities of Daily Living scale, Korean Instrumental Activities of Daily Living scale, and European Quality of Life Five Dimension Five Level Scale will be recorded as secondary outcome measures. All scores will be recorded at baseline (before intervention), 8 weeks after the first intervention (i.e., at the end of the intervention), and 12 weeks after completion of the intervention. DISCUSSION The study is expected to provide preliminary evidence regarding the efficacy, safety, and usefulness of EA-CCR for the treatment of MCI. TRIAL REGISTRATION Korea Clinical Information Service, cris.nih.go.kr, KCT0003415 . Registered on 4 January 2019. Retrospectively registered, http://cris.nih.go.kr .
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hong Kim
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, DongShin University, Naju City, 58245 Republic of Korea
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Medicine, DongShin University Gwangju Korean Medicine Hospital, 141, Wolsan-ro, Nam-gu, Gwangju City, 61619 Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Han
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju City, 61469 Republic of Korea
| | - Gwang-Cheon Park
- Clinical Research Center, DongShin University Gwangju Korean Medicine Hospital, 141, Wolsan-ro, Nam-gu, Gwangju City, 61619 Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Soon Lee
- Department of Nursing, Christian College of Nursing, Gwangju City, 61662 Republic of Korea
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Zhang Y, Noh K, Song W. Chinese herbal medicines on cognitive function and activity of daily living in senior adults with Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Integr Med Res 2019; 8:92-100. [PMID: 31193415 PMCID: PMC6527911 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This systematic review was performed to investigate the effects of Chinese herbal nedicine (CHM) on cognitive function and activity of daily living (ADL) in individuals with Alzheimer's disease. METHODS Five electronic databases (Medline, Embase, Cinahl, PsycArticles, and CNKI) were searched from inception to January 2019. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effect of CHM on cognition and activity of daily living in adults with Alzheimer's disease were included. We pooled the effects size using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software. Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to evaluate the study quality. RESULTS Twenty-five RCTs (1855 individuals with AD) were included in this review. Overall findings of this meta-analysis indicated that CHM improved the cognitive function (SMD = 0.66, 95% CI [0.44, 0.89], I 2 = 77.9%, p < 0.001) and ADL (SMD = 0.38, 95% CI [0.25, 0.49], I 2 = 35.3%, p < 0.001) compared with conventional drugs. No publication biases were observed on both cognitive function and ADL. CONCLUSION CHM may have potential effects for improving cognitive function and ADL for individuals with AD compared with conventional drug therapies. However, the evidence is limited because of high risk of bias of the included trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Zhang
- Health and Exercise Science Laboratory, Institute of Sports Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungmin Noh
- Health and Exercise Science Laboratory, Institute of Sports Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wook Song
- Health and Exercise Science Laboratory, Institute of Sports Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute on Aging, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Yang Y, Liu JP, Fang JY, Wang HC, Wei Y, Cao Y, Liu JG, Liu LT, Li H. Effect and Safety of Huannao Yicong Formula () in Patients with Mild-to-Moderate Alzheimer's Disease: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Donepezil-Controlled Trial. Chin J Integr Med 2018; 25:574-581. [PMID: 30109588 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-018-3054-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effect and safety of Huannao Yicong Formula (, HYF) in the treatment of patients with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS Sixty patients with mild-tomoderate AD were evenly randomized into HYF group and donepezil group with the random number method. Patients in the HYF group took 5 g of HYF granules twice daily and 5 mg placebo of donepezil once daily. Patients in the donepezil group took 5 mg donepezil once daily and 5 g placebo of HYF granules twice daily. The intervention lasted for 6 months. Clinical researchers, participants and statisticians were blinded to the treatment assignment throughout the study. The primary outcomes were scores of Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-Cog) and Chinese Medicine Symptom Scale (CM-SS). The secondary outcomes were scores of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test and Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE). The serum levels of acetylcholinesterase (AchE) and amyloid-β protein 42 (Aβ42) were detected with enzymelinked immunosorbent assay kits. The scale assessments were conducted at baseline, the 3rd and 6th months of treatment, respectively. Biochemistry tests were conducted at baseline and the 6th month of treatment. RESULTS A total of 52 patients completed the trial, 28 in HYF group and 24 in donepezil group. Compared with the baseline, HYF and donepezil signifificantly decreased the total scores of ADAS-Cog and CM-SS, and signifificantly increased the scores of MoCA and MMSE after 6-month treatment (all P<0.01). Both treatments remarkably reduced the serum levels of AchE and Aβ42 (both P<0.05). The CM-SS total effective rate of HYF was signifificantly higher than donepezil [75.00% (21/28) vs. 54.17% (13/24), P<0.05]. No severe adverse events were observed in both groups. CONCLUSION HYF is effective and safe for improving the cognitive function in mildto-moderate AD patients. [Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (Reg No. ChiCTR-IOR-17011746)].
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.,Department of Geratology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Jian-Ping Liu
- Centre for Evidence-Based Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jun-Yan Fang
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tongling Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongling, Anhui Province, 244099, China
| | - Hui-Chan Wang
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.,Department of Geratology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Yun Wei
- Department of Geratology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Yu Cao
- Department of Geratology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Jian-Gang Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Long-Tao Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Geratology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China.
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Zhang Y, Lin C, Zhang L, Cui Y, Gu Y, Guo J, Wu D, Li Q, Song W. Correction: Cognitive Improvement during Treatment for Mild Alzheimer's Disease with a Chinese Herbal Formula: A Randomized Controlled Trial. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199895. [PMID: 29940040 PMCID: PMC6016919 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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May BH, Feng M, Hyde AJ, Hügel H, Chang SY, Dong L, Guo X, Zhang AL, Lu C, Xue CC. Comparisons between traditional medicines and pharmacotherapies for Alzheimer disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cognitive outcomes. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2018; 33:449-458. [PMID: 29239495 DOI: 10.1002/gps.4830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the clinical evidence for traditional medicines (TMs) used in East Asia on measures of cognition in Alzheimer disease, determine the effect sizes at different time points for the TMs and pharmacotherapies, and assess the tolerability of the TMs. METHODS We searched 12 databases in English, Chinese, and Japanese for eligible randomised controlled trials that compared orally administered TMs with pharmacotherapy and reported cognitive outcomes. Meta-analyses were conducted for Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale and/or Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Mean differences and 95% confidence intervals were calculated to evaluate treatment effects. RESULTS Thirty randomised controlled trials met inclusion criteria. Twenty-nine compared TMs with donepezil. Single studies provided comparisons with galantamine, rivastigmine, or memantine. There were no significant differences between the TM and donepezil groups at 12 or 24 weeks for Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale or MMSE. Improvements over baseline were significant for MMSE at 12 and 24 weeks within the TM and donepezil groups and remained significant at 1 year. Effect sizes were reduced in the 3 double-blind studies. At 24 weeks, donepezil 10 mg/d generally produced greater improvements in MMSE than 5 mg/d. Tolerability reporting was incomplete and inconsistent between studies. CONCLUSIONS The results suggested that the clinical benefits of the TMs were not less than donepezil at comparable time points, with both groups showing improvements. However, lack of blinding in most studies and other design and measurement issues are likely to have resulted in overestimation of effect sizes in both groups. Further well-designed studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian H May
- The China-Australia International Research Centre for Chinese Medicine, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Mei Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Anna J Hyde
- The China-Australia International Research Centre for Chinese Medicine, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Helmut Hügel
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Su-Yueh Chang
- The China-Australia International Research Centre for Chinese Medicine, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Lin Dong
- The China-Australia International Research Centre for Chinese Medicine, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Xinfeng Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Anthony L Zhang
- The China-Australia International Research Centre for Chinese Medicine, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Chuanjian Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Charlie C Xue
- The China-Australia International Research Centre for Chinese Medicine, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia.,Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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21
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Changes of brain activity during a functional magnetic resonance imaging stroop task study: Effect of Chinese herbal formula in Alzheimer’s disease. Eur J Integr Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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22
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Lai CY, Wu MY, Chiang JH, Sun MF, Chen YH, Chang CT, Lin JG, Yen HR. Utilization of Western medicine and traditional Chinese medicine among patients with Alzheimer's disease in Taiwan: a nationwide population-based study. Eur J Neurol 2017; 24:1166-1172. [PMID: 28744942 DOI: 10.1111/ene.13361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Large-scale studies of utilization of medical services among patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) are lacking. We aimed to investigate the usage of Western medicine and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) among these patients in Taiwan. METHODS We analyzed one million samples from the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan. Patients (n = 1814) newly diagnosed with AD in 2001-2010 were divided into TCM users (n = 528) and non-TCM users (n = 1286). RESULTS Compared with non-TCM users, TCM users were younger, had a higher female:male ratio and higher utilization rate of Western medicine. The median interval between diagnosis and the first TCM consultation was 7.92 months. Donepezil and rivastigmine were commonly prescribed medications. Chinese herbal medicine was the most popular treatment among TCM users. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed the specific usage patterns of TCM and non-TCM medical services among patients with AD. The information could be used for improving the healthcare of patients with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-Y Lai
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung.,Department of Emergency Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung
| | - M-Y Wu
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung
| | - J-H Chiang
- Health Data Management Office, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung.,School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung
| | - M-F Sun
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung.,Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung
| | - Y-H Chen
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung.,Research Center for Chinese Medicine & Acupuncture, China Medical University, Taichung
| | - C-T Chang
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung.,Kidney Institute and Division of Nephrology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung
| | - J-G Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung
| | - H-R Yen
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung.,Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung.,Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung.,Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung.,Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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23
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Yang WT, Zheng XW, Chen S, Shan CS, Xu QQ, Zhu JZ, Bao XY, Lin Y, Zheng GQ, Wang Y. Chinese herbal medicine for Alzheimer's disease: Clinical evidence and possible mechanism of neurogenesis. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 141:143-155. [PMID: 28690138 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Currently, there is lack of cure or disease-modifying treatment for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) is purported to ameliorate AD progression, perhaps by promoting hippocampal neurogenesis. Here, we conducted an updated systematic review to investigate the efficacy and safety of CHM for AD based on high-quality randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and reviewed its possible mechanisms of neurogenesis according to animal-based researches. Twenty eligible studies with 1767 subjects were identified in eight database searches from inception to February 2017. The studies investigated the CHM versus placebo (n=3), CHM versus donepezil (n=9 with 10 comparisons), CHM plus donepezil versus donepezil (n=3), CHM versus a basic treatment (n=3), and CHM plus basic treatment versus basic treatment (n=2). Adverse events were reported in 11 studies, analyzed but not observed in 3 studies, and not analyzed in 6 studies. The main findings of present study are that CHM as adjuvant therapy exerted an additive anti-AD benefit, whereas the efficacy of CHM as a monotherapy was inconclusive. Additionally, CHMs were generally safe and well tolerated in AD patients. Active molecules in frequent constituents of CHMs can alter multiple critical signaling pathways regulating neurogenesis. Thus, the present evidence supports, to a limited extent, the conclusion that CHM can be recommended for routine use in AD patients and its possible mechanism enhances adult hippocampal neurogenesis through activating the multi-signal pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ting Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 32500, China
| | - Xia-Wei Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 32500, China
| | - Shuang Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 32500, China
| | - Chun-Shuo Shan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 32500, China
| | - Qing-Qing Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 32500, China
| | - Jia-Zhen Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Xiao-Yi Bao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 32500, China
| | - Guo-Qing Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 32500, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
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24
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Peng W, Zhou J, Xu M, Feng Q, Bin L, Liu Z. The effect of electroacupuncture combined with donepezil on cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease patients: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2017; 18:301. [PMID: 28673322 PMCID: PMC5496421 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-017-2052-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease. Although some of the current treatments offer some symptomatic relief, this disease cannot be cured at present. Electroacupuncture may be effective for Alzheimer’s disease for cognitive function, but the evidence for its effectiveness is still limited. The aim of this study is to evaluate the add-on effect of electroacupuncture to donepezil for improving the cognitive function of Alzheimer’s disease. Methods/design A total of 334 participants with Alzheimer’s disease will be randomly assigned to either an electroacupuncture combined with donepezil group or a donepezil group with a ratio of 1:1. Participants in the electroacupuncture combined with donepezil group will receive electroacupuncture in addition to donepezil for 12 weeks and will keep taking donepezil for the following 24 weeks. Participants in the control group will take donepezil only. The primary outcome is the change from baseline in the total score of the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale-cognition at week 12. A follow-up will be conducted 24 weeks after the treatment. Discussion We expect to verify the hypothesis that acupuncture in addition to donepezil is better than donepezil in improving the cognitive function of patients with Alzheimer’s disease. This trial has a limitation that participant blinding is impossible. Trial registration Clinical Trials.gov: ID: NCT02305836. Registered on 13 November 2014. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13063-017-2052-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weina Peng
- Department of Acupuncture, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Acupuncture, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Neurology, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Qing Feng
- Department of Acupuncture, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Lulu Bin
- Department of Acupuncture, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Zhishun Liu
- Department of Acupuncture, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
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25
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Components of Goutengsan in Rat Plasma by Microdialysis Sampling and Its Protection on A β1-42-Induced PC12 Cells Injury. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:7593027. [PMID: 28348625 PMCID: PMC5352969 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7593027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Goutengsan, a Chinese herbal formula, potential protection on Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been less reported. In current study, we investigated the protection of Goutengsan on Aβ1–42-induced pheochromocytoma-derived cells (PC12). Furthermore, the components from Goutengsan in rat plasma were identified by microdialysis (MD) for in vivo sampling. Meanwhile, the protection of components identified was also verified. At last, we found that Goutengsan has a potential protective effect on Aβ1–42-induced PC12 cells via reducing cells damage and increasing cells vitality as well as six components (pachymic acid, liquiritin, rhynchophylline, isorhynchophylline, corynoxeine, and isocorynoxeine) which may be effective components. This study helps to understand the treatment of Goutengsan for AD and would facilitate the clinical and further studies for this formula.
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26
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Hyde AJ, May BH, Dong L, Feng M, Liu S, Guo X, Zhang AL, Lu C, Xue CC. Herbal medicine for management of the behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD): A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Psychopharmacol 2017; 31:169-183. [PMID: 27899689 DOI: 10.1177/0269881116675515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Management of the behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia remains a challenge worldwide. Herbal medicines may play a role in the development of new interventions. To determine effects of herbal medicines for management of the behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia, meta-analysis was conducted of 31 controlled trials (3613 participants). Frequently tested herbal medicines were the Ginkgo biloba leaf extract EGb 761 (seven studies) and the multi-ingredient formula Yokukansan (eight studies). Sixteen studies tested other herbal medicines. Improvements were detected in Neuropsychiatric Inventory scores in EGb 761 groups compared to placebo (MD -3.46 [-5.94, -0.98]; I2 = 93%; n = 1757) and Yokukansan groups compared to no treatment (SMD -0.53 [-0.86, -0.21]; I2 = 0%; n = 150). Cognitive scores were improved in EGb 761 groups while Yokukansan did not appear to affect cognitive function. Of the other herbal medicines, there were improvements in the behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia and cognitive outcomes in two of four placebo-controlled studies. EGb 761 and Yokukansan appeared safe and well tolerated. Adverse effects and dropouts were not reported consistently for the other herbal medicines. Weaknesses of these included short durations, small sample sizes, lack of blinding and other risks of bias. Well-designed studies are needed to further investigate the reported effects of these interventions on the behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna J Hyde
- 1 The China-Australia International Research Centre for Chinese Medicine, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Brian H May
- 1 The China-Australia International Research Centre for Chinese Medicine, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Lin Dong
- 1 The China-Australia International Research Centre for Chinese Medicine, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Mei Feng
- 2 Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences & Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaonan Liu
- 2 Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences & Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinfeng Guo
- 2 Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences & Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Anthony Lin Zhang
- 1 The China-Australia International Research Centre for Chinese Medicine, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Chuanjian Lu
- 2 Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences & Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Charlie Changli Xue
- 1 The China-Australia International Research Centre for Chinese Medicine, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Australia.,2 Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences & Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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27
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Zhang J, Liu Z, Zhang H, Yang C, Li H, Li X, Chen K, Zhang Z. A Two-Year Treatment of Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment using a Compound Chinese Medicine: A Placebo Controlled Randomized Trial. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28982. [PMID: 27373556 PMCID: PMC4931444 DOI: 10.1038/srep28982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the long-term therapeutic effects of a compound Chinese medicine, the Bushen capsule, on cognition and brain connectivity in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). Thus, sixty aMCI participants were recruited to this 24-month study and were randomly divided into treatment (30 with a Bushen capsule) and placebo (30 with a placebo capsule) groups. Neuropsychological tests with MMSE and episodic memory as the primary outcomes and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) were analyzed before and after the treatment over 24 month period. In contrast to the placebo group, the drug group presented improved or stable general cognitive function, memory, language and executive function especially the primary outcomes MMSE and episodic memory with Bushen capsule treatment. FMRI results showed increased connectivity in the right precuneus and the global connectivity indexed with goodness of fit (GOF) of the default mode network (DMN) in the drug group and decreased GOF in the placebo group. More importantly, we found the GOF change was positively correlated with changes in MMSE and memory scores after 24 months in the drug group. Over 24 months, treatment with the compound Chinese medicine Bushen capsule can improve multiple domains of cognition and increase the functional local (right precuneus) and global connectivity within the DMN, which are associated with better performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
- BABRI Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
- BABRI Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Huamin Zhang
- BABRI Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
- Institute of Information on Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, P. R. China
| | - Caishui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
- BABRI Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - He Li
- BABRI Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
- Institute of Information on Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, P. R. China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
- BABRI Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Kewei Chen
- BABRI Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
- Banner Alzheimer’s Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85006, USA
| | - Zhanjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
- BABRI Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
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