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Pang Y, Cheng X, Ban Y, Li Y, Lv B, Li C. Efficient production of 22(R)-hydroxycholesterol via combination optimization of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biotechnol J 2024; 19:e2400286. [PMID: 39014927 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202400286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
22(R)-hydroxycholesterol (22(R)-HCHO) is a crucial precursor of steroids biosynthesis with various biological functions. However, the production of 22(R)-HCHO is expensive and unsustainable due to chemical synthesis and extraction from plants or animals. This study aimed to construct a microbial cell factory to efficiently produce 22(R)-HCHO through systems metabolic engineering. First, we tested 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase (Dhcr7s) and cholesterol C22-hydroxylases from different sources in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and the titer of 22(R)-HCHO reached 128.30 mg L-1 in the engineered strain expressing Dhcr7 from Columba livia (ClDhcr7) and cholesterol 22-hydroxylase from Veratrum californicum (VcCyp90b27). Subsequently, the 22(R)-HCHO titer was significantly increased to 427.78 mg L-1 by optimizing the critical genes involved in 22(R)-HCHO biosynthesis. Furthermore, hybrid diploids were constructed to balance cell growth and 22(R)-HCHO production and to improve stress tolerance. Finally, the engineered strain produced 2.03 g L-1 of 22(R)-HCHO in a 5-L fermenter, representing the highest 22(R)-HCHO titer reported to date in engineered microbial cell factories. The results of this study provide a foundation for further applications of 22(R)-HCHO in various industrially valuable steroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaru Pang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yali Ban
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Lv
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Chun Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
- Key Lab for Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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2
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Ke X, Pan ZH, Du HF, Shen Y, Shen JD, Liu ZQ, Zheng YG. Secretory production of 7-dehydrocholesterol by engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biotechnol J 2023; 18:e2300056. [PMID: 37688450 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 7-Dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC) can be directly converted to vitamin D3 by UV irradiation and de novo synthesis of 7-DHC in engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been recognized as an attractive substitution to traditional chemical synthesis. Introduction of sterol extracellular transport pathway for the secretory production of 7-DHC is a promising approach to achieve higher titer and simplify the downstream purification processing. METHODS AND RESULTS A series of genes involved in ergosterol pathway were combined reinforced and reengineered in S. cerevisiae. A biphasic fermentation system was introduced and 7-DHC was found to be enriched in oil-phase with an increased titer by 1.5-folds. Quantitative PCR revealed that say1, atf2, pdr5, pry1-3 involved in sterol storage and transport were all significantly induced in sterol overproduced strain. To enhance the secretion capacity, lipid transporters of pathogen-related yeast proteins (Pry), Niemann-Pick disease type C2 (NPC2), ATP-binding cassette (ABC)-family, and their homologues were screened. Both individual and synergetic overexpression of Plant pathogenesis Related protein-1 (Pr-1) and Sterol transport1 (St1) largely increased the de novo biosynthesis and secretory productivity of 7-DHC, and the final titer reached 28.2 mg g-1 with a secretion ratio of 41.4%, which was 26.5-folds higher than the original strain. In addition, the cooperation between Pr-1 and St1 in sterol transport was further confirmed by confocal microscopy, molecular docking, and directed site-mutation. CONCLUSION Selective secretion of different sterol intermediates was characterized in sterol over-produced strain and the extracellular export of 7-DHC developed in present study significantly improved the cell biosynthetic capacity, which offered a novel modification idea for 7-DHC de novo biosynthesis by S. cerevisiae cell factory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Ke
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Choral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Hao Pan
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Choral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Fei Du
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Choral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Shen
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Choral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Dong Shen
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Choral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Liu
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Choral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Guo Zheng
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Choral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Zhou K, Yu C, Liang N, Xiao W, Wang Y, Yao M, Yuan Y. Adaptive Evolution and Metabolic Engineering Boost Lycopene Production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae via Enhanced Precursors Supply and Utilization. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:3821-3831. [PMID: 36802623 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c08579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Lycopene is a red carotenoid with remarkable antioxidant activity, which has been widely used in food, cosmetics, medicine, and other industries. Production of lycopene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae provides an economic and sustainable means. Many efforts have been done in recent years, but the titer of lycopene seems to reach a ceiling. Enhancing the supply and utilization of farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) is generally regarded as an efficient strategy for terpenoid production. Herein, an integrated strategy by means of atmospheric and room-temperature plasma (ARTP) mutagenesis combined with H2O2-induced adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) was proposed to improve the supply of upstream metabolic flux toward FPP. Enhancing the expression of CrtE and introducing an engineered CrtI mutant (Y160F&N576S) increased the utilization of FPP toward lycopene. Consequently, the titer of lycopene in the strain harboring the Ura3 marker was increased by 60% to 703 mg/L (89.3 mg/g DCW) at the shake-flask level. Eventually, the highest reported titer of 8.15 g/L of lycopene in S. cerevisiae was achieved in a 7 L bioreactor. The study highlights an effective strategy that the synergistic complementarity of metabolic engineering and adaptive evolution facilitates natural product synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Zhou
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Chao Yu
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- CABIO Biotech (Wuhan) Co., Ltd, Wuhan 430075, China
| | - Nan Liang
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wenhai Xiao
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Georgia Tech Shenzhen Institute, Tianjin University, Shenzhen 518071, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Mingdong Yao
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yingjin Yuan
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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Xiu X, Sun Y, Wu Y, Jin K, Qu L, Liu Y, Li J, Du G, Lv X, Liu L. Modular remodeling of sterol metabolism for overproduction of 7-dehydrocholesterol in engineered yeast. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 360:127572. [PMID: 35792326 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D3 is a fat-soluble vitamin essential for the human body, and the biosynthesis of its precursor, 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC), gains extensive attention. In this work, six genes (tHMG1, IDI1, ERG1, ERG11, ADH2, ERG7) and a transcription factor mutant UPC2G888A were overexpressed, increasing the 7-DHC titer from 1.2 to 115.3 mg/L. The CRISPR-mediated activation and repression systems were constructed and applied to the synthesis of 7-DHC, increasing the 7-DHC titer to 312.4 mg/L. Next, enzymes were compartmentalized into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the ER lumen was enlarged by overexpressing INO2. The 7-DHC titer of the finally engineered yeast reached 455.6 mg/L in a shake flask and 2870 mg/L in a 5 L bioreactor, the highest 7-DHC titer reported so far. Overall, this study achieved a highly efficient 7-DHC synthesis by remodeling the complicated sterol synthesis modules, paving the way for large-scale 7-DHC bioproduction in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Xiu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Science Center for Future Foods, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Richen Bioengineering Co., Ltd, Nantong 226000, China
| | - Yaokang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Science Center for Future Foods, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Ke Jin
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Science Center for Future Foods, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Lisha Qu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Science Center for Future Foods, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yanfeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Science Center for Future Foods, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jianghua Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Science Center for Future Foods, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Guocheng Du
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Science Center for Future Foods, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xueqin Lv
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Science Center for Future Foods, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Long Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Science Center for Future Foods, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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Wei W, Gao S, Yi Q, Liu A, Yu S, Zhou J. Reengineering of 7-dehydrocholesterol biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae using combined pathway and organelle strategies. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:978074. [PMID: 36016783 PMCID: PMC9398459 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.978074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
7-Dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC) is a widely used sterol and a precursor of several costly steroidal drugs. In this study, 7-DHC biosynthesis pathway was constructed and modified in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Firstly, the biosynthesis pathway was constructed by knocking out the competitive pathway genes ERG5 and ERG6 and integrating two DHCR24 copies from Gallus gallus at both sites. Then, 7-DHC titer was improved by knocking out MOT3, which encoded a transcriptional repressor for the 7-DHC biosynthesis pathway. Next, by knocking out NEM1 and PAH1, 7-DHC accumulation was improved, and genes upregulation was verified by quantitative PCR (qPCR). Additionally, tHMG1, IDI1, ERG2, ERG3, DHCR24, POS5, and CTT1 integration into multi-copy sites was used to convert precursors to 7-DHC, and increase metabolic flux. Finally, qPCR confirmed the significant up-regulation of key genes transcriptional levels. In a 96 h shaker flask fermentation, the 7-DHC titer was 649.5 mg/L by de novo synthesis. In a 5 L bioreactor, the 7-DHC titer was 2.0 g/L, which was the highest 7-DHC titer reported to date. Our study is of great significance for the industrial production of 7-DHC and steroid development for medical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqian Wei
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, and School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Song Gao
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, and School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Qiong Yi
- Changsha Hospital for Maternal & Child Health Care, Changsha, China
| | - Anjian Liu
- Hunan Kerey Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shaoyang, China
| | - Shiqin Yu
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, and School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, and School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- *Correspondence: Jingwen Zhou,
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6
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Ding X, Zheng Z, Zhao G, Wang L, Wang H, Yang Q, Zhang M, Li L, Wang P. Bottom-up synthetic biology approach for improving the efficiency of menaquinone-7 synthesis in Bacillus subtilis. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:101. [PMID: 35643569 PMCID: PMC9148487 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01823-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Menaquinone-7 (MK-7), which is associated with complex and tightly regulated pathways and redox imbalances, is produced at low titres in Bacillus subtilis. Synthetic biology provides a rational engineering principle for the transcriptional optimisation of key enzymes and the artificial creation of cofactor regeneration systems without regulatory interference. This holds great promise for alleviating pathway bottlenecks and improving the efficiency of carbon and energy utilisation.
Results
We used a bottom-up synthetic biology approach for the synthetic redesign of central carbon and to improve the adaptability between material and energy metabolism in MK-7 synthesis pathways. First, the rate-limiting enzymes, 1-deoxyxylulose-5-phosphate synthase (DXS), isopentenyl-diphosphate delta-isomerase (Fni), 1-deoxyxylulose-5-phosphate reductase (DXR), isochorismate synthase (MenF), and 3-deoxy-7-phosphoheptulonate synthase (AroA) in the MK-7 pathway were sequentially overexpressed. Promoter engineering and fusion tags were used to overexpress the key enzyme MenA, and the titre of MK-7 was 39.01 mg/L. Finally, after stoichiometric calculation and optimisation of the cofactor regeneration pathway, we constructed two NADPH regeneration systems, enhanced the endogenous cofactor regeneration pathway, and introduced a heterologous NADH kinase (Pos5P) to increase the availability of NADPH for MK-7 biosynthesis. The strain expressing pos5P was more efficient in converting NADH to NADPH and had excellent MK-7 synthesis ability. Following three Design-Build-Test-Learn cycles, the titre of MK-7 after flask fermentation reached 53.07 mg/L, which was 4.52 times that of B. subtilis 168. Additionally, the artificially constructed cofactor regeneration system reduced the amount of NADH-dependent by-product lactate in the fermentation broth by 9.15%. This resulted in decreased energy loss and improved carbon conversion.
Conclusions
In summary, a "high-efficiency, low-carbon, cofactor-recycling" MK-7 synthetic strain was constructed, and the strategy used in this study can be generally applied for constructing high-efficiency synthesis platforms for other terpenoids, laying the foundation for the large-scale production of high-value MK-7 as well as terpenoids.
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Kessi-Pérez EI, González A, Palacios JL, Martínez C. Yeast as a biological platform for vitamin D production: A promising alternative to help reduce vitamin D deficiency in humans. Yeast 2022; 39:482-492. [PMID: 35581681 DOI: 10.1002/yea.3708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is an important human hormone, known primarily to be involved in the intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphate, but it is also involved in various non-skeletal processes (molecular, cellular, immune, and neuronal). One of the main health problems nowadays is the vitamin D deficiency of the human population due to lack of sun exposure, with estimates of one billion people worldwide with vitamin D deficiency, and the consequent need for clinical intervention (i.e., prescription of pharmacological vitamin D supplements). An alternative to reduce vitamin D deficiency is to produce good dietary sources of it, a scenario in which the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae seems to be a promising alternative. This review focuses on the potential use of yeast as a biological platform to produce vitamin D, summarizing both the biology aspects of vitamin D (synthesis, ecology and evolution, metabolism, and bioequivalence) and the work done to produce it in yeast (both for vitamin D2 and for vitamin D3 ), highlighting existing challenges and potential solutions. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo I Kessi-Pérez
- Centro de Estudios en Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos (CECTA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile
| | - Adens González
- Centro de Estudios en Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos (CECTA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile
| | - José Luis Palacios
- Centro de Estudios en Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos (CECTA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Martínez
- Centro de Estudios en Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos (CECTA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile
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8
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Jiang YQ, Lin JP. Recent progress in strategies for steroid production in yeasts. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:93. [PMID: 35441962 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03276-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
As essential structural molecules of fungal cell membrane, ergosterol is not only an important component of fungal growth and stress-resistance but also a key precursor for manufacturing steroid drugs of pharmaceutical or agricultural significance. So far, ergosterol biosynthesis in yeast has been elucidated elaborately, and efforts have been made to increase ergosterol production through regulation of ergosterol metabolism and storage. Furthermore, the same intermediates shared by yeasts and animals or plants make the construction of heterologous sterol pathways in yeast a promising approach to synthesize valuable steroids, such as phytosteroids and animal steroid hormones. During these challenging processes, several obstacles have arisen and been combated with great endeavors. This paper reviews recent research progress of yeast metabolic engineering for improving the production of ergosterol and heterologous steroids. The remaining tactics are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Qi Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Jian-Ping Lin
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
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9
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Qu L, Xiu X, Sun G, Zhang C, Yang H, Liu Y, Li J, Du G, Lv X, Liu L. Engineered yeast for efficient de novo synthesis of 7‐dehydrocholesterol. Biotechnol Bioeng 2022; 119:1278-1289. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.28055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisha Qu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu China
- Science Center for Future Foods Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu China
| | - Xiang Xiu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu China
- Science Center for Future Foods Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu China
| | - Guoyun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu China
- Science Center for Future Foods Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu China
| | - Chenyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu China
- Science Center for Future Foods Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu China
| | - Haiquan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu China
| | - Yanfeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu China
- Science Center for Future Foods Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu China
| | - Jianghua Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu China
- Science Center for Future Foods Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu China
| | - Guocheng Du
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu China
- Science Center for Future Foods Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu China
| | - Xueqin Lv
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu China
- Science Center for Future Foods Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu China
| | - Long Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu China
- Science Center for Future Foods Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu China
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10
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Gu Y, Jiao X, Ye L, Yu H. Metabolic engineering strategies for de novo biosynthesis of sterols and steroids in yeast. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2021; 8:110. [PMID: 38650187 PMCID: PMC10992410 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-021-00460-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Steroidal compounds are of great interest in the pharmaceutical field, with steroidal drugs as the second largest category of medicine in the world. Advances in synthetic biology and metabolic engineering have enabled de novo biosynthesis of sterols and steroids in yeast, which is a green and safe production route for these valuable steroidal compounds. In this review, we summarize the metabolic engineering strategies developed and employed for improving the de novo biosynthesis of sterols and steroids in yeast based on the regulation mechanisms, and introduce the recent progresses in de novo synthesis of some typical sterols and steroids in yeast. The remaining challenges and future perspectives are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehao Gu
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering (Education Ministry), College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Xue Jiao
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Lidan Ye
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering (Education Ministry), College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| | - Hongwei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering (Education Ministry), College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
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11
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Guo XJ, Yao MD, Xiao WH, Wang Y, Zhao GR, Yuan YJ. Compartmentalized Reconstitution of Post- squalene Pathway for 7-Dehydrocholesterol Overproduction in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:663973. [PMID: 34093477 PMCID: PMC8175624 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.663973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
7-Dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC) is the direct precursor to manufacture vitamin D3. Our previous study has achieved 7-DHC synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae based on the endogenous post-squalene pathway. However, the distribution of post-squalene enzymes between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and lipid bodies (LD) might raise difficulties for ERG proteins to catalyze and deliver sterol intermediates, resulting in unbalanced metabolic flow and low product yield. Herein, we intended to rearrange the subcellular location of post-squalene enzymes to alleviate metabolic bottleneck and boost 7-DHC production. After identifying the location of DHCR24 (C-24 reductase, the only heterologous protein for 7-DHC biosynthesis) on ER, all the ER-located enzymes were grouped into four modules: ERG1/11/24, ERG25/26/27, ERG2/3, and DHCR24. These modules attempted to be overexpressed either on ER or on LDs. As a result, expression of LD-targeted DHCR24 and ER-located ERG1/11/24 could promote the conversion efficiency among the sterol intermediates to 7-DHC, while locating module ERG2/3 into LDs improved the whole metabolic flux of the post-squalene pathway. Coexpressing LD-targeted ERG2/3 and DHCR24 (generating strain SyBE_Sc01250035) improved 7-DHC production from 187.7 to 308.2 mg/L at shake-flask level. Further expressing ER-targeted module ERG1/11/24 in strain SyBE_Sc01250035 dramatically reduced squalene accumulation from 620.2 mg/L to the lowest level (by 93.8%) as well as improved 7-DHC production to the highest level (to 342.2 mg/L). Then targeting module ERG25/26/27 to LDs further increased 7-DHC titer to 360.6 mg/L, which is the highest shake-flask level production for 7-DHC ever reported. Our study not only proposes and further proves the concept of pathway compartmentalized reconstitution to regulate metabolic flux but also provides a promising chassis to produce other steroidal compounds through the post-squalene pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jing Guo
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ming-Dong Yao
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wen-Hai Xiao
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Guang-Rong Zhao
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying-Jin Yuan
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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12
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Fermentative production of Vitamin E tocotrienols in Saccharomyces cerevisiae under cold-shock-triggered temperature control. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5155. [PMID: 33056995 PMCID: PMC7560618 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18958-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The diverse physiological functions of tocotrienols have listed them as valuable supplementations to α-tocopherol-dominated Vitamin E products. To make tocotrienols more readily available, tocotrienols-producing S. cerevisiae has been constructed by combining the heterologous genes from photosynthetic organisms with the endogenous shikimate pathway and mevalonate pathway. After identification and elimination of metabolic bottlenecks and enhancement of precursors supply, the engineered yeast can produce tocotrienols at yield of up to 7.6 mg/g dry cell weight (DCW). In particular, proper truncation of the N-terminal transit peptide from the plant-sourced enzymes is crucial. To further solve the conflict between cell growth and tocotrienols accumulation so as to enable high-density fermentation, a cold-shock-triggered temperature control system is designed for efficient control of two-stage fermentation, leading to production of 320 mg/L tocotrienols. The success in high-density fermentation of tocotrienols by engineered yeast sheds light on the potential of fermentative production of vitamin E tocochromanols. Tocotrienols are valuable supplementations to α-tocopherol-dominated Vitamin E products. Here, the authors engineer baker’s yeast by combining the heterologous genes from photosynthetic organisms with the endogenous pathway for the production of tocotrienols under cold-shock-triggered temperature control.
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13
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Yeast as a promising heterologous host for steroid bioproduction. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 47:829-843. [PMID: 32661815 PMCID: PMC7358296 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-020-02291-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
With the rapid development of synthetic biology and metabolic engineering technologies, yeast has been generally considered as promising hosts for the bioproduction of secondary metabolites. Sterols are essential components of cell membrane, and are the precursors for the biosynthesis of steroid hormones, signaling molecules, and defense molecules in the higher eukaryotes, which are of pharmaceutical and agricultural significance. In this mini-review, we summarize the recent engineering efforts of using yeast to synthesize various steroids, and discuss the structural diversity that the current steroid-producing yeast can achieve, the challenge and the potential of using yeast as the bioproduction platform of various steroids from higher eukaryotes.
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14
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Zeng BX, Yao MD, Wang Y, Xiao WH, Yuan YJ. Metabolic Engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for Enhanced Dihydroartemisinic Acid Production. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:152. [PMID: 32258005 PMCID: PMC7090239 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct bioproduction of DHAA (dihydroartemisinic acid) rather than AA (artemisinic acid), as suggested by previous work would decrease the cost of semi-biosynthesis artemisinin by eliminating the step of initial hydrogenation of AA. The major challenge in microbial production of DHAA is how to efficiently manipulate consecutive key enzymes ADH1 (artemisinic alcohol dehydrogenase), DBR2 [artemisinic aldehyde Δ11(13) reductase] and ALDH1 (aldehyde dehydrogenase) to redirect metabolic flux and elevate the ratio of DHAA to AA (artemisinic acid). Herein, DHAA biosynthesis was achieved in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by introducing a series of heterologous enzymes: ADS (amorpha-4,11-diene synthase), CYP71AV1 (amorphadiene oxidase), ADH1, DBR2 and ALDH1, obtaining initial DHAA/AA ratio at 2.53. The flux toward DHAA was enhanced by pairing fusion proteins DBR2-ADH1 and DBR2-ALDH1, leading to 1.75-fold increase in DHAA/AA ratio (to 6.97). Moreover, to promote the substrate preference of ALDH1 to dihydroartemisinic aldehyde (the intermediate for DHAA synthesis) over artemisinic aldehyde (the intermediate for AA synthesis), two rational engineering strategies, including downsizing the active pocket and enhancing the stability of enzyme/cofactor complex, were proposed to engineer ALDH1. It was found that the mutant H194R, which showed better stability of the enzyme/NAD+ complex, obtained the highest DHAA to AA ratio at 3.73 among all the mutations. Then the mutant H194R was incorporated into above rebuilt fusion proteins, resulting in the highest ratio of DHAA to AA (10.05). Subsequently, the highest DHAA reported titer of 1.70 g/L (DHAA/AA ratio of 9.84) was achieved through 5 L bioreactor fermentation. The study highlights the synergy of metabolic engineering and protein engineering in metabolic flux redirection to get the most efficient product to the chemical process, and simplified downstream conversion process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Xuan Zeng
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ming-Dong Yao
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wen-Hai Xiao
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying-Jin Yuan
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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15
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Zhu Z, Li C, Cheng X, Chen Y, Zhu M, Liu X, Mao S, Qin HM, Lu F. Soluble expression, purification and biochemical characterization of a C-7 cholesterol dehydrogenase from Drosophila melanogaster. Steroids 2019; 152:108495. [PMID: 31521708 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2019.108495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The C-7 cholesterol dehydrogenase (NVD), which converts cholesterol to 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC) by 7,8-dehydrogenation, plays a pivotal role in the metabolism of cholesterol and steroid intermediates. The NVD protein was successfully expressed in insect Sf9 cells. To reduce the production cost for industrial application, the NVD gene was cloned into E. coli BL21(DE3). However, the His-tagged NVD protein showed poor binding to Ni-NTA resin, mainly due to the formation of inclusion bodies. Consequently, the expression and solubility of NVD were optimized by respectively fusing it with maltose-binding protein (MBP), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and the nonspecific DNA binding protein from Sulfolobus solfataricus (Sso7d) as solubility tags. The NVD fusion with MBP at the N-terminus and His-tag at the C-terminus achieved a high yield of the soluble enzyme. It was further purified by ion-exchange chromatography with 95.4% purity and with a 10.4% yield. The product 7-DHC, which is produced in a reaction catalyzed by NVD and ferredoxin reductase KshB, was initially identified by GC-MS. An analysis of the amino acid sequence alignment revealed a distinct Rieske-type iron-sulfur cluster and non-heme Fe2+-binding domain, which are evolutionarily conserved among NVD family enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangliang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Chao Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Xiaotao Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Ying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Menglu Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Xin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Shuhong Mao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Hui-Min Qin
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin 300457, PR China.
| | - Fuping Lu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin 300457, PR China.
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16
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Primary and Secondary Metabolic Effects of a Key Gene Deletion (Δ YPL062W) in Metabolically Engineered Terpenoid-Producing Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Appl Environ Microbiol 2019; 85:AEM.01990-18. [PMID: 30683746 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01990-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an established cell factory for production of terpenoid pharmaceuticals and chemicals. Numerous studies have demonstrated that deletion or overexpression of off-pathway genes in yeast can improve terpenoid production. The deletion of YPL062W in S. cerevisiae, in particular, has benefitted carotenoid production by channeling carbon toward carotenoid precursors acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) and mevalonate. The genetic function of YPL062W and the molecular mechanisms for these benefits are unknown. In this study, we systematically examined this gene deletion to uncover the gene function and its molecular mechanism. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis uncovered that YPL062W deletion upregulated the pyruvate dehydrogenase bypass, the mevalonate pathway, heterologous expression of galactose (GAL) promoter-regulated genes, energy metabolism, and membrane composition synthesis. Bioinformatics analysis and serial promoter deletion assay revealed that YPL062W functions as a core promoter for ALD6 and that the expression level of ALD6 is negatively correlated to terpenoid productivity. We demonstrate that ΔYPL062W increases the production of all major terpenoid classes (C10, C15, C20, C30, and C40). Our study not only elucidated the biological function of YPL062W but also provided a detailed methodology for understanding the mechanistic aspects of strain improvement.IMPORTANCE Although computational and reverse metabolic engineering approaches often lead to improved gene deletion mutants for cell factory engineering, the systems level effects of such gene deletions on the production phenotypes have not been extensively studied. Understanding the genetic and molecular function of such gene alterations on production strains will minimize the risk inherent in the development of large-scale fermentation processes, which is a daunting challenge in the field of industrial biotechnology. Therefore, we established a detailed experimental and systems biology approach to uncover the molecular mechanisms of YPL062W deletion in S. cerevisiae, which is shown to improve the production of all terpenoid classes. This study redefines the genetic function of YPL062W, demonstrates a strong correlation between YPL062W and terpenoid production, and provides a useful modification for the creation of terpenoid production platform strains. Further, this study underscores the benefits of detailed and systematic characterization of the metabolic effects of genetic alterations on engineered biosynthetic factories.
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17
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Ding M, Chen B, Ji X, Zhou J, Wang H, Tian X, Feng X, Yue H, Zhou Y, Wang H, Wu J, Yang P, Jiang Y, Mao X, Xiao G, Zhong C, Xiao W, Li B, Qin L, Cheng J, Yao M, Wang Y, Liu H, Zhang L, Yu L, Chen T, Dong X, Jia X, Zhang S, Liu Y, Chen Y, Chen K, Wu J, Zhu C, Zhuang W, Xu S, Jiao P, Zhang L, Song H, Yang S, Xiong Y, Li Y, Zhang Y, Zhuang Y, Su H, Fu W, Huang Y, Li C, Zhao ZK, Sun Y, Chen GQ, Zhao X, Huang H, Zheng Y, Yang L, Su Z, Ma G, Ying H, Chen J, Tan T, Yuan Y. Biochemical engineering in China. REV CHEM ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/revce-2017-0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Chinese biochemical engineering is committed to supporting the chemical and food industries, to advance science and technology frontiers, and to meet major demands of Chinese society and national economic development. This paper reviews the development of biochemical engineering, strategic deployment of these technologies by the government, industrial demand, research progress, and breakthroughs in key technologies in China. Furthermore, the outlook for future developments in biochemical engineering in China is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Ding
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , China
| | - Biqiang Chen
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029 , China
| | - Xiaojun Ji
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211816 , China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 210009 , China
- Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 210009 , China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122 , China
| | - Huiyuan Wang
- Shanghai Information Center of Life Sciences (SICLS), Shanghai Institute of Biology Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200031 , China
| | - Xiwei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Xudong Feng
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Hua Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Yongjin Zhou
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023 , China
| | - Hailong Wang
- Shandong University–Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, School of Life Science, Shandong University , Jinan 250100 , China
| | - Jianping Wu
- Institute of Biology Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Pengpeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 210009 , China
- National Engineering Technique Research Center for Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 210009 , China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Xuming Mao
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , China
| | - Gang Xiao
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029 , China
| | - Cheng Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University of Science and Technology , Tianjin 300457 , China
| | - Wenhai Xiao
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , China
| | - Bingzhi Li
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , China
| | - Lei Qin
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , China
| | - Jingsheng Cheng
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , China
| | - Mingdong Yao
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , China
| | - Ying Wang
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , China
| | - Hong Liu
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , China
| | - Linling Yu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , China
| | - Tao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , China
| | - Xiaoyan Dong
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , China
| | - Xiaoqiang Jia
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , China
| | - Songping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Yanfeng Liu
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122 , China
| | - Yong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 210009 , China
- National Engineering Technique Research Center for Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 210009 , China
| | - Kequan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 210009 , China
- National Engineering Technique Research Center for Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 210009 , China
| | - Jinglan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 210009 , China
- National Engineering Technique Research Center for Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 210009 , China
| | - Chenjie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 210009 , China
- National Engineering Technique Research Center for Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 210009 , China
| | - Wei Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 210009 , China
- National Engineering Technique Research Center for Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 210009 , China
| | - Sheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 210009 , China
- National Engineering Technique Research Center for Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 210009 , China
| | - Pengfei Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 210009 , China
- National Engineering Technique Research Center for Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 210009 , China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Tianjin Ltd. of BoyaLife Inc. , Tianjin 300457 , China
| | - Hao Song
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , China
| | - Sheng Yang
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Yan Xiong
- Shanghai Information Center of Life Sciences (SICLS), Shanghai Institute of Biology Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200031 , China
| | - Yongquan Li
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , China
| | - Youming Zhang
- Shandong University–Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, School of Life Science, Shandong University , Jinan 250100 , China
| | - Yingping Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Haijia Su
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029 , China
| | - Weiping Fu
- China National Center of Biotechnology Development , Beijing , China
| | - Yingming Huang
- China National Center of Biotechnology Development , Beijing , China
| | - Chun Li
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Zongbao K. Zhao
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023 , China
| | - Yan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , China
| | - Guo-Qiang Chen
- Center of Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Xueming Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , China
| | - He Huang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211816 , China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 210009 , China
- Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 210009 , China
| | - Yuguo Zheng
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310014 , China
| | - Lirong Yang
- Institute of Biology Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Zhiguo Su
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Guanghui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Hanjie Ying
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 210009 , China
- National Engineering Technique Research Center for Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 210009 , China
| | - Jian Chen
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122 , China
| | - Tianwei Tan
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029 , China
| | - Yingjin Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , China
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18
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Guo XJ, Xiao WH, Wang Y, Yao MD, Zeng BX, Liu H, Zhao GR, Yuan YJ. Metabolic engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for 7-dehydrocholesterol overproduction. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2018; 11:192. [PMID: 30026807 PMCID: PMC6047132 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1194-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 7-Dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC) has attracted increasing attentions due to its great medical value and the enlarging market demand of its ultraviolet-catalyzed product vitamin D3. Microbial production of 7-DHC from simple carbon has been recognized as an attractive complement to the traditional sources. Even though our previous work realized 7-DHC biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the current productivity of 7-DHC is still too low to satisfy the demand of following industrialization. As increasing the compatibility between heterologous pathway and host cell is crucial to realize microbial overproduction of natural products with complex structure and relative long pathway, in this study, combined efforts in tuning the heterologous Δ24-dehydrocholesterol reductase (DHCR24) and manipulating host cell were applied to promote 7-DHC accumulation. RESULTS In order to decouple 7-DHC production with cell growth, inducible GAL promoters was employed to control 7-DHC synthesis. Meanwhile, the precursor pool was increased via overexpressing all the mevalonate (MVA) pathway genes (ERG10, ERG13, tHMG1, ERG12, ERG8, ERG19, IDI1, ERG20). Through screening DHCR24s from eleven tested sources, it was found that DHCR24 from Gallus gallus (Gg_DHCR24) achieved the highest 7-DHC production. Then 7-DHC accumulation was increased by 27.5% through stepwise fine-tuning the transcription level of Gg_DHCR24 in terms of altering its induction strategy, integration position, and the used promoter. By blocking the competitive path (ΔERG6) and supplementing another copy of Gg_DHCR24 in locus ERG6, 7-DHC accumulation was further enhanced by 1.07-fold. Afterward, 7-DHC production was improved by 48.3% (to 250.8 mg/L) by means of deleting NEM1 that was involved in lipids metabolism. Eventually, 7-DHC production reached to 1.07 g/L in 5-L bioreactor, which is the highest reported microbial titer as yet known. CONCLUSIONS Combined engineering of the pathway and the host cell was adopted in this study to boost 7-DHC output in the yeast. 7-DHC titer was stepwise improved by 26.9-fold compared with the starting strain. This work not only opens large opportunities to realize downstream de novo synthesis of other steroids, but also highlights the importance of the combinatorial engineering of heterologous pathway and host to obtain microbial overproduction of many other natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jing Guo
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical & Engineering, Tianjin University, No. 92, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072 People’s Republic of China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen-Hai Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical & Engineering, Tianjin University, No. 92, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072 People’s Republic of China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical & Engineering, Tianjin University, No. 92, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072 People’s Republic of China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming-Dong Yao
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical & Engineering, Tianjin University, No. 92, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072 People’s Republic of China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo-Xuan Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical & Engineering, Tianjin University, No. 92, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072 People’s Republic of China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical & Engineering, Tianjin University, No. 92, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072 People’s Republic of China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 People’s Republic of China
| | - Guang-Rong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical & Engineering, Tianjin University, No. 92, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072 People’s Republic of China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying-Jin Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical & Engineering, Tianjin University, No. 92, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072 People’s Republic of China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 People’s Republic of China
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19
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Ma BX, Ke X, Tang XL, Zheng RC, Zheng YG. Rate-limiting steps in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae ergosterol pathway: towards improved ergosta-5,7-dien-3β-ol accumulation by metabolic engineering. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 34:55. [PMID: 29594560 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-018-2440-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ergosterol is the predominant nature sterol constituent of plasma membrane in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Herein, the biosynthetic pathway of ergosterol was proposed to be metabolically engineered for the efficient production of ergosta-5,7-dien-3β-ol, which is the precursor of vitamin D4. By target disruption of erg5, involved in the end-steps of post-squalene formation, predominantly accumulated ergosta-5,7-dien-3β-ol (4.12 mg/g dry cell weight). Moreover, the rate-limiting enzymes of ergosta-5,7-dien-3β-ol biosynthesis were characterized. Overexpression of Hmg1p led to a significant accumulation of squalene, and induction of Erg1p/Erg11p expression raised the yield of both total sterols and ergosta-5,7-dien-3β-ol with no obvious changes in growth behavior. Furthermore, the transcription factor allele upc2-1 was overexpressed to explore the effect of combined induction of rate-limiting enzymes. Compared with an obviously enhanced yield of ergosterol in the wild-type strain, decreases of both the ergosta-5,7-dienol levels and the total sterol yield were found in Δerg5-upc2-1, probably due to the unbalanced NADH/NAD+ ratio observed in the erg5 knockouts, suggesting the whole-cell redox homeostasis was also vital for end-product biosynthesis. The data obtained in this study can be used as reference values for the production of sterol-related intermediates involved in the post-squalene biosynthetic pathway in food-grade S. cerevisiae strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin-Xiang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China.,Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Ke
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China.,Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ling Tang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China.,Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Ren-Chao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China.,Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Guo Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China. .,Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Kwak S, Kim SR, Xu H, Zhang GC, Lane S, Kim H, Jin YS. Enhanced isoprenoid production from xylose by engineeredSaccharomyces cerevisiae. Biotechnol Bioeng 2017; 114:2581-2591. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suryang Kwak
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana Illinois
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana Illinois
| | - Soo Rin Kim
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology; Kyungpook National University; Daegu Republic of Korea
| | - Haiqing Xu
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana Illinois
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana Illinois
| | - Guo-Chang Zhang
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana Illinois
| | - Stephan Lane
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana Illinois
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana Illinois
| | - Heejin Kim
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana Illinois
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana Illinois
| | - Yong-Su Jin
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana Illinois
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana Illinois
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21
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Kadisch M, Willrodt C, Hillen M, Bühler B, Schmid A. Maximizing the stability of metabolic engineering-derived whole-cell biocatalysts. Biotechnol J 2017; 12. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201600170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Kadisch
- Department Solar Materials; Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ; Leipzig Germany
| | - Christian Willrodt
- Department Solar Materials; Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ; Leipzig Germany
| | - Michael Hillen
- Department Solar Materials; Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ; Leipzig Germany
| | - Bruno Bühler
- Department Solar Materials; Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ; Leipzig Germany
| | - Andreas Schmid
- Department Solar Materials; Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ; Leipzig Germany
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22
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Xiong S, Wang Y, Yao M, Liu H, Zhou X, Xiao W, Yuan Y. Cell foundry with high product specificity and catalytic activity for 21-deoxycortisol biotransformation. Microb Cell Fact 2017; 16:105. [PMID: 28610588 PMCID: PMC5470312 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-017-0720-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background 21-deoxycortisol (21-DF) is the key intermediate to manufacture pharmaceutical glucocorticoids. Recently, a Japan patent has realized 21-DF production via biotransformation of 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) by purified steroid 11β-hydroxylase CYP11B1. Due to the less costs on enzyme isolation, purification and stabilization as well as cofactors supply, whole-cell should be preferentially employed as the biocatalyst over purified enzymes. No reports as so far have demonstrated a whole-cell system to produce 21-DF. Therefore, this study aimed to establish a whole-cell biocatalyst to achieve 21-DF transformation with high catalytic activity and product specificity. Results In this study, Escherichia coli MG1655(DE3), which exhibited the highest substrate transportation rate among other tested chassises, was employed as the host cell to construct our biocatalyst by co-expressing heterologous CYP11B1 together with bovine adrenodoxin and adrenodoxin reductase. Through screening CYP11B1s (with mutagenesis at N-terminus) from nine sources, Homo sapiens CYP11B1 mutant (G25R/G46R/L52 M) achieved the highest 21-DF transformation rate at 10.6 mg/L/h. Furthermore, an optimal substrate concentration of 2.4 g/L and a corresponding transformation rate of 16.2 mg/L/h were obtained by screening substrate concentrations. To be noted, based on structural analysis of the enzyme-substrate complex, two types of site-directed mutations were designed to adjust the relative position between the catalytic active site heme and the substrate. Accordingly, 1.96-fold enhancement on 21-DF transformation rate (to 47.9 mg/L/h) and 2.78-fold improvement on product/by-product ratio (from 0.36 to 1.36) were achieved by the combined mutagenesis of F381A/L382S/I488L. Eventually, after 38-h biotransformation in shake-flask, the production of 21-DF reached to 1.42 g/L with a yield of 52.7%, which is the highest 21-DF production as known. Conclusions Heterologous CYP11B1 was manipulated to construct E. coli biocatalyst converting 17-OHP to 21-DF. Through the strategies in terms of (1) screening enzymes (with N-terminal mutagenesis) sources, (2) optimizing substrate concentration, and most importantly (3) rational design novel mutants aided by structural analysis, the 21-DF transformation rate was stepwise improved by 19.5-fold along with 4.67-fold increase on the product/byproduct ratio. Eventually, the highest 21-DF reported production was achieved in shake-flask after 38-h biotransformation. This study highlighted above described methods to obtain a high efficient and specific biocatalyst for the desired biotransformation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12934-017-0720-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, No. 92, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, No. 92, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingdong Yao
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, No. 92, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, No. 92, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, No. 92, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhai Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, No. 92, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China. .,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yingjin Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, No. 92, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
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23
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Jiang GZ, Yao MD, Wang Y, Zhou L, Song TQ, Liu H, Xiao WH, Yuan YJ. Manipulation of GES and ERG20 for geraniol overproduction in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Metab Eng 2017; 41:57-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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24
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Liu CG, Hao XM, Lin YH, Bai FW. Redox potential driven aeration during very-high-gravity ethanol fermentation by using flocculating yeast. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25763. [PMID: 27161047 PMCID: PMC4861961 DOI: 10.1038/srep25763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethanol fermentation requires oxygen to maintain high biomass and cell viability, especially under very-high-gravity (VHG) condition. In this work, fermentation redox potential (ORP) was applied to drive the aeration process at low dissolved oxygen (DO) levels, which is infeasible to be regulated by a DO sensor. The performance and characteristics of flocculating yeast grown under 300 and 260 g glucose/L conditions were subjected to various aeration strategies including: no aeration; controlled aeration at -150, -100 and -50 mV levels; and constant aeration at 0.05 and 0.2 vvm. The results showed that anaerobic fermentation produced the least ethanol and had the highest residual glucose after 72 h of fermentation. Controlled aerations, depending on the real-time oxygen demand, led to higher cell viability than the no-aeration counterpart. Constant aeration triggered a quick biomass formation, and fast glucose utilization. However, over aeration at 0.2 vvm caused a reduction of final ethanol concentration. The controlled aeration driven by ORP under VHG conditions resulted in the best fermentation performance. Moreover, the controlled aeration could enhance yeast flocculating activity, promote an increase of flocs size, and accelerate yeast separation near the end of fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Guang Liu
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.,School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xue-Mi Hao
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yen-Han Lin
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon SK S7N 5A9, Canada
| | - Feng-Wu Bai
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.,School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China
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25
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Cardenas J, Da Silva NA. Engineering cofactor and transport mechanisms in Saccharomyces cerevisiae for enhanced acetyl-CoA and polyketide biosynthesis. Metab Eng 2016; 36:80-89. [PMID: 26969250 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2016.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of polyketides at high titer and yield is important for producing pharmaceuticals and biorenewable chemical precursors. In this work, we engineered cofactor and transport pathways in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to increase acetyl-CoA, an important polyketide building block. The highly regulated yeast pyruvate dehydrogenase bypass pathway was supplemented by overexpressing a modified Escherichia coli pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHm) that accepts NADP(+) for acetyl-CoA production. After 24h of cultivation, a 3.7-fold increase in NADPH/NADP(+) ratio was observed relative to the base strain, and a 2.2-fold increase relative to introduction of the native E. coli PDH. Both E. coli pathways increased acetyl-CoA levels approximately 2-fold relative to the yeast base strain. Combining PDHm with a ZWF1 deletion to block the major yeast NADPH biosynthesis pathway resulted in a 12-fold NADPH boost and a 2.2-fold increase in acetyl-CoA. At 48h, only this coupled approach showed increased acetyl-CoA levels, 3.0-fold higher than that of the base strain. The impact on polyketide synthesis was evaluated in a S. cerevisiae strain expressing the Gerbera hybrida 2-pyrone synthase (2-PS) for the production of the polyketide triacetic acid lactone (TAL). Titers of TAL relative to the base strain improved only 30% with the native E. coli PDH, but 3.0-fold with PDHm and 4.4-fold with PDHm in the Δzwf1 strain. Carbon was further routed toward TAL production by reducing mitochondrial transport of pyruvate and acetyl-CoA; deletions in genes POR2, MPC2, PDA1, or YAT2 each increased titer 2-3-fold over the base strain (up to 0.8g/L), and in combination to 1.4g/L. Combining the two approaches (NADPH-generating acetyl-CoA pathway plus reduced metabolite flux into the mitochondria) resulted in a final TAL titer of 1.6g/L, a 6.4-fold increase over the non-engineered yeast strain, and 35% of theoretical yield (0.16g/g glucose), the highest reported to date. These biological driving forces present new avenues for improving high-yield production of acetyl-CoA derived compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Cardenas
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2575, USA
| | - Nancy A Da Silva
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2575, USA.
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26
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Engineering Yarrowia lipolytica for Campesterol Overproduction. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146773. [PMID: 26751680 PMCID: PMC4709189 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Campesterol is an important precursor for many sterol drugs, e.g. progesterone and hydrocortisone. In order to produce campesterol in Yarrowia lipolytica, C-22 desaturase encoding gene ERG5 was disrupted and the heterologous 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase (DHCR7) encoding gene was constitutively expressed. The codon-optimized DHCR7 from Rallus norvegicus, Oryza saliva and Xenapus laevis were explored and the strain with the gene DHCR7 from X. laevis achieved the highest titer of campesterol due to D409 in substrate binding sites. In presence of glucose as the carbon source, higher biomass conversion yield and product yield were achieved in shake flask compared to that using glycerol and sunflower seed oil. Nevertheless, better cell growth rate was observed in medium with sunflower seed oil as the sole carbon source. Through high cell density fed-batch fermentation under carbon source restriction strategy, a titer of 453±24.7 mg/L campesterol was achieved with sunflower seed oil as the carbon source, which is the highest reported microbial titer known. Our study has greatly enhanced campesterol accumulation in Y. lipolytica, providing new insight into producing complex and desired molecules in microbes.
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