1
|
Shen Y, Han X, Feng H, Han Z, Wang M, Ma D, Jin J, Li S, Ma G, Zhang Y, Wang C. Wheat GSPs and Processing Quality Are Affected by Irrigation and Nitrogen through Nitrogen Remobilisation. Foods 2023; 12:4407. [PMID: 38137211 PMCID: PMC10742881 DOI: 10.3390/foods12244407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The rheological properties and end-use qualities of many foods are mainly determined by the types and levels of grain storage proteins (GSPs) in wheat. GSP levels are influenced by various factors, including tillage management, irrigation, and fertiliser application. However, the effects of irrigation and nitrogen on GSPs remain unclear. To address this knowledge gap, a stationary split-split block design experiment was carried out in low- and high-fertility (LF and HF) soil, with the main plots subjected to irrigation treatments (W0, no irrigation; W1, irrigation only during the jointing stage; W2, irrigation twice during both jointing and flowering stages), subplots subjected to nitrogen application treatments (N0, no nitrogen application; N180, 180 kg/ha; N240, 240 kg/ha; N300, 300 kg/ha), and cultivars tested in sub-sub plots (FDC5, the strong-gluten cultivar Fengdecun 5; BN207, the medium-gluten cultivar Bainong 207). The results showed that GSP levels and processing qualities were significantly influenced by nitrogen application (p < 0.01), N240 was the optimal nitrogen rate, and the influence of irrigation was dependent on soil fertility. Optimal GSP levels were obtained under W2 treatment at LF conditions, and the content was increased by 17% and 16% for FDC5 and BN207 compared with W0 under N240 treatment, respectively. While the optimal GSP levels were obtained under W1 treatments at HF conditions, and the content was increased by 3% and 21% for FDC5 and BN207 compared with W0 under N240 treatment, respectively. Irrigation and nitrogen application increased the glutenin content by increasing Bx7 and Dy10 levels in FDC5, and by increasing the accumulation of Ax1 and Dx5 in BN207. Gliadins were mainly increased by enhancing α/β-gliadin levels. Correlation analysis indicated that a higher soil nitrate (NO3-N) content increased nitrogen remobilisation in leaves. Path analysis showed that Dy10, Dx5, and γ-gliadin largely determined wet glutenin content (WGC), dough stability time (DST), dough water absorption rate (DWR), and sedimentation value (SV). Therefore, appropriate irrigation and nitrogen application can improve nitrogen remobilisation, GSP levels, and processing qualities, thereby improving wheat quality and production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxin Shen
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China;
| | - Xiaojie Han
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (X.H.); (H.F.); (Z.H.); (M.W.); (D.M.); (S.L.); (G.M.)
| | - Haoxiang Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (X.H.); (H.F.); (Z.H.); (M.W.); (D.M.); (S.L.); (G.M.)
| | - Zhidong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (X.H.); (H.F.); (Z.H.); (M.W.); (D.M.); (S.L.); (G.M.)
| | - Mao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (X.H.); (H.F.); (Z.H.); (M.W.); (D.M.); (S.L.); (G.M.)
| | - Dongyun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (X.H.); (H.F.); (Z.H.); (M.W.); (D.M.); (S.L.); (G.M.)
- National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Jianmeng Jin
- Crop Research Institute, Kaifeng Academy of Agricultural and Forestry, Kaifeng 475000, China;
| | - Shuangjing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (X.H.); (H.F.); (Z.H.); (M.W.); (D.M.); (S.L.); (G.M.)
| | - Geng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (X.H.); (H.F.); (Z.H.); (M.W.); (D.M.); (S.L.); (G.M.)
- National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yanfei Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Chenyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (X.H.); (H.F.); (Z.H.); (M.W.); (D.M.); (S.L.); (G.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zeibig F, Kilian B, Frei M. The grain quality of wheat wild relatives in the evolutionary context. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2022; 135:4029-4048. [PMID: 34919152 PMCID: PMC9729140 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-021-04013-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the potential of wheat wild relatives for the improvement in grain quality characteristics including micronutrients (Fe, Zn) and gluten and identified diploid wheats and the timopheevii lineage as the most promising resources. Domestication enabled the advancement of civilization through modification of plants according to human requirements. Continuous selection and cultivation of domesticated plants induced genetic bottlenecks. However, ancient diversity has been conserved in crop wild relatives. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.; Triticum durum Desf.) is one of the most important staple foods and was among the first domesticated crop species. Its evolutionary diversity includes diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid species from the Triticum and Aegilops taxa and different genomes, generating an AA, BBAA/GGAA and BBAADD/GGAAAmAm genepool, respectively. Breeding and improvement in wheat altered its grain quality. In this review, we identified evolutionary patterns and the potential of wheat wild relatives for quality improvement regarding the micronutrients Iron (Fe) and Zinc (Zn), the gluten storage proteins α-gliadins and high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS), and the secondary metabolite phenolics. Generally, the timopheevii lineage has been neglected to date regarding grain quality studies. Thus, the timopheevii lineage should be subject to grain quality research to explore the full diversity of the wheat gene pool.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frederike Zeibig
- Department of Agronomy and Crop Physiology, Institute of Agronomy and Plant Breeding I, Justus-Liebig-University, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Michael Frei
- Department of Agronomy and Crop Physiology, Institute of Agronomy and Plant Breeding I, Justus-Liebig-University, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang X, Hu Y, He W, Yu K, Zhang C, Li Y, Yang W, Sun J, Li X, Zheng F, Zhou S, Kong L, Ling H, Zhao S, Liu D, Zhang A. Whole-genome resequencing of the wheat A subgenome progenitor Triticum urartu provides insights into its demographic history and geographic adaptation. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 3:100345. [PMID: 35655430 PMCID: PMC9483109 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2022.100345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Triticum urartu is the progenitor of the A subgenome in tetraploid and hexaploid wheat. Uncovering the landscape of genetic variations in T. urartu will help us understand the evolutionary and polyploid characteristics of wheat. Here, we investigated the population genomics of T. urartu by genome-wide sequencing of 59 representative accessions collected around the world. A total of 42.2 million high-quality single-nucleotide polymorphisms and 3 million insertions and deletions were obtained by mapping reads to the reference genome. The ancient T. urartu population experienced a significant reduction in effective population size (Ne) from ∼3 000 000 to ∼140 000 and subsequently split into eastern Mediterranean coastal and Mesopotamian-Transcaucasian populations during the Younger Dryas period. A map of allelic drift paths displayed splits and mixtures between different geographic groups, and a strong genetic drift towards hexaploid wheat was also observed, indicating that the direct donor of the A subgenome originated from northwestern Syria. Genetic changes were revealed between the eastern Mediterranean coastal and Mesopotamian-Transcaucasian populations in genes orthologous to those regulating plant development and stress responses. A genome-wide association study identified two single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the exonic regions of the SEMI-DWARF 37 ortholog that corresponded to the different T. urartu ecotype groups. Our study provides novel insights into the origin and genetic legacy of the A subgenome in polyploid wheat and contributes a gene repertoire for genomics-enabled improvements in wheat breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology/Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Yafei Hu
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Weiming He
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Kang Yu
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China; BGI Institute of Applied Agriculture, BGI-Agro, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Yiwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology/Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Wenlong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology/Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jiazhu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology/Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology/Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Fengya Zheng
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Shengjun Zhou
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Lingrang Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Hongqing Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology/Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Shancen Zhao
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China; BGI Institute of Applied Agriculture, BGI-Agro, Shenzhen, 518120, China.
| | - Dongcheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China.
| | - Aimin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology/Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kamal N, Tsardakas Renhuldt N, Bentzer J, Gundlach H, Haberer G, Juhász A, Lux T, Bose U, Tye-Din JA, Lang D, van Gessel N, Reski R, Fu YB, Spégel P, Ceplitis A, Himmelbach A, Waters AJ, Bekele WA, Colgrave ML, Hansson M, Stein N, Mayer KFX, Jellen EN, Maughan PJ, Tinker NA, Mascher M, Olsson O, Spannagl M, Sirijovski N. The mosaic oat genome gives insights into a uniquely healthy cereal crop. Nature 2022; 606:113-119. [PMID: 35585233 PMCID: PMC9159951 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04732-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cultivated oat (Avena sativa L.) is an allohexaploid (AACCDD, 2n = 6x = 42) thought to have been domesticated more than 3,000 years ago while growing as a weed in wheat, emmer and barley fields in Anatolia1,2. Oat has a low carbon footprint, substantial health benefits and the potential to replace animal-based food products. However, the lack of a fully annotated reference genome has hampered efforts to deconvolute its complex evolutionary history and functional gene dynamics. Here we present a high-quality reference genome of A. sativa and close relatives of its diploid (Avena longiglumis, AA, 2n = 14) and tetraploid (Avena insularis, CCDD, 2n = 4x = 28) progenitors. We reveal the mosaic structure of the oat genome, trace large-scale genomic reorganizations in the polyploidization history of oat and illustrate a breeding barrier associated with the genome architecture of oat. We showcase detailed analyses of gene families implicated in human health and nutrition, which adds to the evidence supporting oat safety in gluten-free diets, and we perform mapping-by-sequencing of an agronomic trait related to water-use efficiency. This resource for the Avena genus will help to leverage knowledge from other cereal genomes, improve understanding of basic oat biology and accelerate genomics-assisted breeding and reanalysis of quantitative trait studies. Assembly of the hexaploid oat genome and its diploid and tetraploid relatives clarifies the evolutionary history of oat and allows mapping of genes for agronomic traits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Kamal
- Plant Genome and Systems Biology, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nikos Tsardakas Renhuldt
- ScanOats Industrial Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, Division of Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Johan Bentzer
- ScanOats Industrial Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, Division of Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Heidrun Gundlach
- Plant Genome and Systems Biology, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Georg Haberer
- Plant Genome and Systems Biology, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Angéla Juhász
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Thomas Lux
- Plant Genome and Systems Biology, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Utpal Bose
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia.,Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jason A Tye-Din
- Immunology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniel Lang
- Plant Genome and Systems Biology, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.,Department of Microbial Genomics and Bioforensics, Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, Munich, Germany
| | - Nico van Gessel
- Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Reski
- Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Yong-Bi Fu
- Plant Gene Resources of Canada, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Peter Spégel
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Axel Himmelbach
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Seeland, Germany
| | - Amanda J Waters
- Research and Development Division, PepsiCo, St Paul, MN, USA
| | - Wubishet A Bekele
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michelle L Colgrave
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia.,Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mats Hansson
- Molecular Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Nils Stein
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Seeland, Germany.,Department of Crop Sciences, Center of Integrated Breeding Research (CiBreed), Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Klaus F X Mayer
- Plant Genome and Systems Biology, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.,School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Eric N Jellen
- Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Peter J Maughan
- Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Nicholas A Tinker
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Martin Mascher
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Seeland, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Olof Olsson
- CropTailor AB, Department of Chemistry, Division of Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Manuel Spannagl
- Plant Genome and Systems Biology, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Nick Sirijovski
- ScanOats Industrial Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, Division of Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden. .,CropTailor AB, Department of Chemistry, Division of Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden. .,Food Science Organisation, Oatly AB, Lund, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhou Z, Geng S, Guan H, Liu C, Qin M, Li W, Shi X, Dai Z, Yao W, Lei Z, Wu Z, Hou J. Dissection of the Genetic Architecture for Quantities of Gliadins Fractions in Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:826909. [PMID: 35401644 PMCID: PMC8988047 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.826909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Gliadin is a group of grain storage proteins that confers extensibility/viscosity to the dough and are vital to end-use quality in wheat. Moreover, gliadins are one of the important components for nutritional quality because they contain the nutritional unprofitable epitopes that cause chronic immune-mediated intestinal disorder in genetically susceptible individuals designated celiac disease (CD). The main genetic loci encoding the gliadins were revealed by previous studies; however, the genes related to the content of gliadins and their fractions were less elucidated. To illustrate the genetic basis of the content of gliadins and their fractions comprehensively, a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population that consisted of 196 lines was constructed from the two parents, Luozhen No.1 and Zhengyumai 9987. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling the content of total gliadins and their fractions (ω-, α-, and γ-gliadin) were screened genome-widely under four environments across 2 years. Totally, thirty QTL which explained 1.97-12.83% of the phenotypic variation were detected to be distributed on 17 chromosomes and they were gathered into 12 clusters. One hundred and one pairs of epistatic QTL (E-QTL) were revealed, among which five were involved with the total gliadins and its fractions content QTL located on chromosome 1AS, 1DS, 4DS, 1DL, and 6AS. Three Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR (KASP) markers were developed from three major QTL clusters located on chromosomes 6A, 6D, and 7D, respectively. The present research not only dissects the genetic loci for improving the content of gliadins and their three fractions, but may also contribute to marker-assisted selection of varieties with appropriate gliadin fractions content for end-use quality and health benefit at the early developmental stages and early breeding generations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengfu Zhou
- Henan Institute of Crop Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shenghui Geng
- Henan Institute of Crop Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huiyue Guan
- Henan Institute of Crop Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Congcong Liu
- Henan Institute of Crop Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Maomao Qin
- Henan Institute of Crop Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenxu Li
- Henan Institute of Crop Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xia Shi
- Henan Institute of Crop Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ziju Dai
- Henan Institute of Crop Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wen Yao
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhensheng Lei
- Henan Institute of Crop Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhengqing Wu
- Henan Institute of Crop Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jinna Hou
- Henan Institute of Crop Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Marjanović-Balaban Ž, Cvjetković VG, Grujić R. Gliadin proteins from wheat flour: the optimal determination conditions by ELISA. FOODS AND RAW MATERIALS 2021. [DOI: 10.21603/2308-4057-2021-2-364-370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. The number of people with celiac disease is rapidly increasing. Gluten, is one of the most common food allergens, consists of two fractions: gliadins and glutenins. The research objective was to determine the optimal conditions for estimating gliadins by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
Study objects and methods. The experiment involved wheat flour samples (0.10; 0.20, 0.25, 0.50, and 1.0 g) suspended in different solvents (ethanol, methanol, 1-propanol, and isopropanol) of different concentrations (40, 50, 60, 70, 80, and 90% v/v). The samples were diluted with Tris buffer in ratios of 1:50, 1:100, 1:150, and 1:200. The gliadin test was performed using a Gliadin/Gluten Biotech commercial ELISA kit (Immunolab).
Results and discussion. The optimal conditions for determining gliadin proteins that provided the highest gliadin concentration were: solvent – 70% v/v ethanol, extract:Tris buffer ratio – 1:50, and sample weight – 1.0 g.
Conclusion. The obtained results can be of great importance to determine gliadin/gluten concentrations in food products by rapid analysis methods.
Collapse
|
7
|
Luo G, Shen L, Zhao S, Li R, Song Y, Song S, Yu K, Yang W, Li X, Sun J, Wang Y, Gao C, Liu D, Zhang A. Genome-wide identification of seed storage protein gene regulators in wheat through coexpression analysis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 108:1704-1720. [PMID: 34634158 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Only a few transcriptional regulators of seed storage protein (SSP) genes have been identified in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Coexpression analysis could be an efficient approach to characterize novel transcriptional regulators at the genome-scale considering the correlated expression between transcriptional regulators and target genes. As the A genome donor of common wheat, Triticum urartu is more suitable for coexpression analysis than common wheat considering the diploid genome and single gene copy. In this work, the transcriptome dynamics in endosperm of T. urartu throughout grain filling were revealed by RNA-Seq analysis. In the coexpression analysis, a total of 71 transcription factors (TFs) from 23 families were found to be coexpressed with SSP genes. Among these TFs, TuNAC77 enhanced the transcription of SSP genes by binding to cis-elements distributed in promoters. The homolog of TuNAC77 in common wheat, TaNAC77, shared an identical function, and the total SSPs were reduced by about 24% in common wheat when TaNAC77 was knocked down. This is the first genome-wide identification of transcriptional regulators of SSP genes in wheat, and the newly characterized transcriptional regulators will undoubtedly expand our knowledge of the transcriptional regulation of SSP synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangbin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology/Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Lisha Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology/Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shancen Zhao
- BGI Institute of Applied Agriculture, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Ruidong Li
- Graduate Program in Genetics, Genomics and Bioinformatics, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Yanhong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology/Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China.,College of Agronomy, The Collaborative Innovation Center of Grain Crops in Henan, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Nongye Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Shuyi Song
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology/Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China.,College of Agronomy, The Collaborative Innovation Center of Grain Crops in Henan, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Nongye Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Kang Yu
- BGI Institute of Applied Agriculture, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Wenlong Yang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology/Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jiazhu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology/Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yanpeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology/Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Caixia Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology/Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Dongcheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, China
| | - Aimin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology/Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Luo G, Shen L, Song Y, Yu K, Ji J, Zhang C, Yang W, Li X, Sun J, Zhan K, Cui D, Wang Y, Gao C, Liu D, Zhang A. The MYB family transcription factor TuODORANT1 from Triticum urartu and the homolog TaODORANT1 from Triticum aestivum inhibit seed storage protein synthesis in wheat. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2021; 19:1863-1877. [PMID: 33949074 PMCID: PMC8428827 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Seed storage proteins (SSPs) are determinants of wheat end-product quality. SSP synthesis is mainly regulated at the transcriptional level. Few transcriptional regulators of SSP synthesis have been identified in wheat and this study aims to identify novel SSP gene regulators. Here, the R2R3 MYB transcription factor TuODORANT1 from Triticum urartu was found to be preferentially expressed in the developing endosperm during grain filling. In common wheat (Triticum aestivum) overexpressing TuODORANT1, the transcription levels of all the SSP genes tested by RNA-Seq analysis were reduced by 49.71% throughout grain filling, which contributed to 13.38%-35.60% declines in the total SSP levels of mature grains. In in vitro assays, TuODORANT1 inhibited both the promoter activities and the transcription of SSP genes by 1- to 13-fold. The electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and ChIP-qPCR analysis demonstrated that TuODORANT1 bound to the cis-elements 5'-T/CAACCA-3' and 5'-T/CAACT/AG-3' in SSP gene promoters both in vitro and in vivo. Similarly, the homolog TaODORANT1 in common wheat hindered both the promoter activities and the transcription of SSP genes by 1- to 112-fold in vitro. Knockdown of TaODORANT1 in common wheat led to 14.73%-232.78% increases in the transcription of the tested SSP genes, which contributed to 11.43%-19.35% elevation in the total SSP levels. Our data show that both TuODORANT1 and TaODORANT1 are repressors of SSP synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangbin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome EngineeringNational Center for Plant Gene ResearchInstitute of Genetics and Developmental Biology/Innovative Academy of Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Lisha Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome EngineeringNational Center for Plant Gene ResearchInstitute of Genetics and Developmental Biology/Innovative Academy of Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yanhong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome EngineeringNational Center for Plant Gene ResearchInstitute of Genetics and Developmental Biology/Innovative Academy of Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- BGI GenomicsBGI‐ShenzhenShenzhenChina
| | - Kang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome EngineeringNational Center for Plant Gene ResearchInstitute of Genetics and Developmental Biology/Innovative Academy of Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Institute of Vegetables and FlowersChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jingjing Ji
- Institute of Vegetables and FlowersChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Chi Zhang
- Institute of Vegetables and FlowersChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Wenlong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and RegulationCollege of AgronomyHebei Agricultural UniversityBaodingHebeiChina
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome EngineeringNational Center for Plant Gene ResearchInstitute of Genetics and Developmental Biology/Innovative Academy of Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jiazhu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome EngineeringNational Center for Plant Gene ResearchInstitute of Genetics and Developmental Biology/Innovative Academy of Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | | | | | - Yanpeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome EngineeringNational Center for Plant Gene ResearchInstitute of Genetics and Developmental Biology/Innovative Academy of Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Caixia Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome EngineeringNational Center for Plant Gene ResearchInstitute of Genetics and Developmental Biology/Innovative Academy of Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Dongcheng Liu
- College of Agronomy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain CropsHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Aimin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome EngineeringNational Center for Plant Gene ResearchInstitute of Genetics and Developmental Biology/Innovative Academy of Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Schaart JG, Salentijn EMJ, Goryunova SV, Chidzanga C, Esselink DG, Gosman N, Bentley AR, Gilissen LJWJ, Smulders MJM. Exploring the alpha-gliadin locus: the 33-mer peptide with six overlapping coeliac disease epitopes in Triticum aestivum is derived from a subgroup of Aegilops tauschii. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 106:86-94. [PMID: 33369792 PMCID: PMC8248119 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Most alpha-gliadin genes of the Gli-D2 locus on the D genome of hexaploid bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) encode for proteins with epitopes that can trigger coeliac disease (CD), and several contain a 33-mer peptide with six partly overlapping copies of three epitopes, which is regarded as a remarkably potent T-cell stimulator. To increase genetic diversity in the D genome, synthetic hexaploid wheat lines are being made by hybridising accessions of Triticum turgidum (AB genome) and Aegilops tauschii (the progenitor of the D genome). The diversity of alpha-gliadins in A. tauschii has not been studied extensively. We analysed the alpha-gliadin transcriptome of 51 A. tauschii accessions representative of the diversity in A. tauschii. We extracted RNA from developing seeds and performed 454 amplicon sequencing of the first part of the alpha-gliadin genes. The expression profile of allelic variants of the alpha-gliadins was different between accessions, and also between accessions of the Western and Eastern clades of A. tauschii. Generally, both clades expressed many allelic variants not found in bread wheat. In contrast to earlier studies, we detected the 33-mer peptide in some A. tauschii accessions, indicating that it was introduced along with the D genome into bread wheat. In these accessions, transcripts with the 33-mer peptide were present at lower frequencies than in bread wheat varieties. In most A. tauschii accessions, however, the alpha-gliadins do not contain the epitope, and this may be exploited, through synthetic hexaploid wheats, to breed bread wheat varieties with fewer or no coeliac disease epitopes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan G. Schaart
- Plant BreedingWageningen University and ResearchDroevendaalsesteeg 1NL‐6708 PB Wageningenthe Netherlands
| | - Elma M. J. Salentijn
- Plant BreedingWageningen University and ResearchDroevendaalsesteeg 1NL‐6708 PB Wageningenthe Netherlands
| | - Svetlana V. Goryunova
- Plant BreedingWageningen University and ResearchDroevendaalsesteeg 1NL‐6708 PB Wageningenthe Netherlands
- Present address:
FSBSI Lorch Potato Research InstituteKraskovo140051Russia
- Present address:
Institute of General GeneticsRussian Academy of ScienceMoscow119333Russia
| | - Charity Chidzanga
- Plant BreedingWageningen University and ResearchDroevendaalsesteeg 1NL‐6708 PB Wageningenthe Netherlands
- Present address:
University of AdelaideSchool of Agriculture, Food and WineWaite CampusUrrbraeSouth Australia5064Australia
| | - Danny G. Esselink
- Plant BreedingWageningen University and ResearchDroevendaalsesteeg 1NL‐6708 PB Wageningenthe Netherlands
| | - Nick Gosman
- The John Bingham LaboratoryNIAB93 Lawrence Weaver RoadCambridgeCB3 0LEUK
- Present address:
Gosman AssociatesAg‐Biotech Consultingthe StreetBressingham, DissIP22 2BLUK
| | - Alison R. Bentley
- The John Bingham LaboratoryNIAB93 Lawrence Weaver RoadCambridgeCB3 0LEUK
- Present address:
International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)TexcocoMexico
| | - Luud J. W. J. Gilissen
- Plant BreedingWageningen University and ResearchDroevendaalsesteeg 1NL‐6708 PB Wageningenthe Netherlands
- BioscienceWageningen University and ResearchDroevendaalsesteeg 1NL‐6708 PB Wageningenthe Netherlands
- Allergy Consortium WageningenDroevendaalsesteeg 1NL‐6708 PB Wageningenthe Netherlands
| | - Marinus J. M. Smulders
- Plant BreedingWageningen University and ResearchDroevendaalsesteeg 1NL‐6708 PB Wageningenthe Netherlands
- Allergy Consortium WageningenDroevendaalsesteeg 1NL‐6708 PB Wageningenthe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Grujić R, Cvjetković VG, Marjanović-Balaban Ž. Separation of gliadins from wheat flour by capillary gel electrophoresis: optimal conditions. FOODS AND RAW MATERIALS 2020. [DOI: 10.21603/2308-4057-2020-2-411-421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Gliadin proteins are one of the gluten fractions. They are soluble in alcoholic solution and divided into four groups (α + β, γ, ω1.2, and ω5-gliadins). In this paper gliadins were extracted from wheat flour, and optimal conditions for their separation were determined.
Study objects and methods. The separation was performed by capillary gel electrophoresis on Agilent apparatus, CE 7100 (a capillary with an inner diameter of 50 μm, a total length of 33 cm, and an effective length of 23.50 cm). In order to determine the optimal conditions, different solvent concentrations (50, 60, and 70% ethanol), capillary temperatures (20, 25, 30, 35, and 40°C), and electrode voltages (–14.5, –16.5, –17.5 and –18.5 kV) were applied. Migration time and relative concentration of each protein molecules within gliadin fractions in the electrophoregram were analysed using Agilent ChemStation Software.
Results and discussion. The optimal conditions for gliadin separation were: solvent 70% (v/v) ethanol, capillary temperature of 25°C, and electrode voltage of –16.5 kV. Under these conditions, the total proteins were indetified as Xav = 23.50, including α + β gliadin fraction (Xav = 7.50 and relative concentration RC = 28.29%), γ-gliadins (Xav = 5.00, RC = 26.66%), ω1.2-gliadins (Xav = 4.33, RC = 14.93%), and ω5-gliadins (Xav = 6.67, RC = 30.98%).
Conclusion. The results of the research can be of fundamental importance in the study of gluten proteins and the influence of technological procedures on their change and the possibility of reducing the allergic effect of gluten during processing.
Collapse
|
11
|
Kaushik M, Rai S, Venkadesan S, Sinha SK, Mohan S, Mandal PK. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Important Candidate Genes Related to Nutrient Reservoir, Carbohydrate Metabolism, and Defence Proteins during Grain Development of Hexaploid Bread Wheat and Its Diploid Progenitors. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E509. [PMID: 32380773 PMCID: PMC7290843 DOI: 10.3390/genes11050509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Wheat grain development after anthesis is an important biological process, in which major components of seeds are synthesised, and these components are further required for germination and seed vigour. We have made a comparative RNA-Seq analysis between hexaploid wheat and its individual diploid progenitors to know the major differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved during grain development. Two libraries from each species were generated with an average of 55.63, 55.23, 68.13, and 103.81 million reads, resulting in 79.3K, 113.7K, 90.6K, and 121.3K numbers of transcripts in AA, BB, DD, and AABBDD genome species respectively. Number of expressed genes in hexaploid wheat was not proportional to its genome size, but marginally higher than that of its diploid progenitors. However, to capture all the transcripts in hexaploid wheat, sufficiently higher number of reads was required. Functional analysis of DEGs, in all the three comparisons, showed their predominance in three major classes of genes during grain development, i.e., nutrient reservoirs, carbohydrate metabolism, and defence proteins; some of them were subsequently validated through real time quantitative Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR). Further, developmental stage-specific gene expression showed most of the defence protein genes expressed during initial developmental stages in hexaploid contrary to the diploids at later stages. Genes related to carbohydrates anabolism expressed during early stages, whereas catabolism genes expressed at later stages in all the species. However, no trend was observed in case of different nutrient reservoirs gene expression. This data could be used to study the comparative gene expression among the three diploid species and homeologue-specific expression in hexaploid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megha Kaushik
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research -National Institute on Plant Biotechnology (ICAR-NIPB), LBS Building, Pusa Campus, New Delhi-110012, India; (M.K.); (S.R.); (S.V.); (S.K.S.)
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology (AIB), Amity University, Sector 125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201313, India;
| | - Shubham Rai
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research -National Institute on Plant Biotechnology (ICAR-NIPB), LBS Building, Pusa Campus, New Delhi-110012, India; (M.K.); (S.R.); (S.V.); (S.K.S.)
| | - Sureshkumar Venkadesan
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research -National Institute on Plant Biotechnology (ICAR-NIPB), LBS Building, Pusa Campus, New Delhi-110012, India; (M.K.); (S.R.); (S.V.); (S.K.S.)
| | - Subodh Kumar Sinha
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research -National Institute on Plant Biotechnology (ICAR-NIPB), LBS Building, Pusa Campus, New Delhi-110012, India; (M.K.); (S.R.); (S.V.); (S.K.S.)
| | - Sumedha Mohan
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology (AIB), Amity University, Sector 125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201313, India;
| | - Pranab Kumar Mandal
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research -National Institute on Plant Biotechnology (ICAR-NIPB), LBS Building, Pusa Campus, New Delhi-110012, India; (M.K.); (S.R.); (S.V.); (S.K.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yu K, Liu D, Chen Y, Wang D, Yang W, Yang W, Yin L, Zhang C, Zhao S, Sun J, Liu C, Zhang A. Unraveling the genetic architecture of grain size in einkorn wheat through linkage and homology mapping and transcriptomic profiling. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:4671-4688. [PMID: 31226200 PMCID: PMC6760303 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the genetic architecture of grain size is a prerequisite to manipulating grain development and improving the potential crop yield. In this study, we conducted a whole genome-wide quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping of grain-size-related traits by constructing a high-density genetic map using 109 recombinant inbred lines of einkorn wheat. We explored the candidate genes underlying QTLs through homologous analysis and RNA sequencing. The high-density genetic map spanned 1873 cM and contained 9937 single nucleotide polymorphism markers assigned to 1551 bins on seven chromosomes. Strong collinearity and high genome coverage of this map were revealed by comparison with physical maps of wheat and barley. Six grain size-related traits were surveyed in five environments. In total, 42 QTLs were identified; these were assigned to 17 genomic regions on six chromosomes and accounted for 52.3-66.7% of the phenotypic variation. Thirty homologous genes involved in grain development were located in 12 regions. RNA sequencing identified 4959 genes differentially expressed between the two parental lines. Twenty differentially expressed genes involved in grain size development and starch biosynthesis were mapped to nine regions that contained 26 QTLs, indicating that the starch biosynthesis pathway plays a vital role in grain development in einkorn wheat. This study provides new insights into the genetic architecture of grain size in einkorn wheat; identification of the underlying genes enables understanding of grain development and wheat genetic improvement. Furthermore, the map facilitates quantitative trait mapping, map-based cloning, genome assembly, and comparative genomics in wheat taxa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology/Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Genomics Institute-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dongcheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology/Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Science and Technology Department, State Tobacco Monopoly Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Dongzhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology/Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenlong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology/Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Beijing Genomics Institute-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lixin Yin
- Beijing Genomics Institute-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Beijing Genomics Institute-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shancen Zhao
- Beijing Genomics Institute-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiazhu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology/Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Correspondence: and
| | - Aimin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology/Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Correspondence: and
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yu K, Liu D, Chen Y, Wang D, Yang W, Yang W, Yin L, Zhang C, Zhao S, Sun J, Liu C, Zhang A. Unraveling the genetic architecture of grain size in einkorn wheat through linkage and homology mapping and transcriptomic profiling. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019. [PMID: 31226200 DOI: 10.1101/377820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the genetic architecture of grain size is a prerequisite to manipulating grain development and improving the potential crop yield. In this study, we conducted a whole genome-wide quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping of grain-size-related traits by constructing a high-density genetic map using 109 recombinant inbred lines of einkorn wheat. We explored the candidate genes underlying QTLs through homologous analysis and RNA sequencing. The high-density genetic map spanned 1873 cM and contained 9937 single nucleotide polymorphism markers assigned to 1551 bins on seven chromosomes. Strong collinearity and high genome coverage of this map were revealed by comparison with physical maps of wheat and barley. Six grain size-related traits were surveyed in five environments. In total, 42 QTLs were identified; these were assigned to 17 genomic regions on six chromosomes and accounted for 52.3-66.7% of the phenotypic variation. Thirty homologous genes involved in grain development were located in 12 regions. RNA sequencing identified 4959 genes differentially expressed between the two parental lines. Twenty differentially expressed genes involved in grain size development and starch biosynthesis were mapped to nine regions that contained 26 QTLs, indicating that the starch biosynthesis pathway plays a vital role in grain development in einkorn wheat. This study provides new insights into the genetic architecture of grain size in einkorn wheat; identification of the underlying genes enables understanding of grain development and wheat genetic improvement. Furthermore, the map facilitates quantitative trait mapping, map-based cloning, genome assembly, and comparative genomics in wheat taxa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology/Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Genomics Institute-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dongcheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology/Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Science and Technology Department, State Tobacco Monopoly Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Dongzhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology/Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenlong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology/Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Beijing Genomics Institute-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lixin Yin
- Beijing Genomics Institute-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Beijing Genomics Institute-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shancen Zhao
- Beijing Genomics Institute-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiazhu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology/Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Aimin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology/Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Meeting the challenge of developing food crops with improved nutritional quality and food safety: leveraging proteomics and related omics techniques. Biotechnol Lett 2019; 41:471-481. [PMID: 30820711 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-019-02655-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Eliminating malnutrition remains an imminent priority in our efforts to achieve food security and providing adequate calories, proteins, and micronutrients to the growing world population. Malnutrition may be attributed to socio-economic factors (poverty and limited accessibility to nutritional food), dietary preferences, inherent nutrient profiles of traditional food crops, and to a combination of all such factors. Modern advancements in "omics" technology have made it possible to reliably predict, diagnose, and suggest ways to remedy the low protein content and bioavailability of key micronutrients in food crops. In this review, we briefly describe how proteomics techniques can potentially be used for improving the nutrient profile of major crops, through high throughput multiplexed assays. Food safety is another important issue where proteomics and related platforms can offer solution for absolute quantitation of food allergens and mycotoxins present in the plant-based food. The purpose of the present review is to discuss the proteomic-based strategies in food crops to meet the challenges of overcoming malnutrition throughout the world.
Collapse
|
15
|
Cho K, Beom HR, Jang YR, Altenbach SB, Vensel WH, Simon-Buss A, Lim SH, Kim MG, Lee JY. Proteomic Profiling and Epitope Analysis of the Complex α-, γ-, and ω-Gliadin Families in a Commercial Bread Wheat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:818. [PMID: 29971078 PMCID: PMC6018075 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Wheat gliadins are a complex group of proteins that contribute to the functional properties of wheat flour doughs and contain epitopes that are relevant for celiac disease (CD) and wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis (WDEIA). In this study, we extracted ethanol-soluble gliadin fractions from flour of the Korean bread wheat cultivar Keumkang. Proteins were separated by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) using a pI range of 6-11 in the first dimension and subjected to tandem mass spectrometry. α-, γ-, and ω-gliadins were identified as the predominant proteins in 31, 28, and one 2-DE spot, respectively. An additional six ω-gliadins were identified in a separate experiment in which a pI range of 3-11 was used for protein separation. We analyzed the composition of CD- and WDEIA-relevant epitopes in the gliadin sequences from Keumkang flour, demonstrating the immunogenic potential of this cultivar. Detailed knowledge about the complement of gliadins accumulated in Keumkang flour provides the background necessary to devise either breeding or biotechnology strategies to improve the functional properties and reduce the adverse health effects of the flour.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyoungwon Cho
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Hye-Rang Beom
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - You-Ran Jang
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Susan B. Altenbach
- Western Regional Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Albany, CA, United States
| | - William H. Vensel
- Western Regional Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Albany, CA, United States
| | - Annamaria Simon-Buss
- Western Regional Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Albany, CA, United States
| | - Sun-Hyung Lim
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Min G. Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Jong-Yeol Lee
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Brunazzi A, Scaglione D, Talini RF, Miculan M, Magni F, Poland J, Enrico Pè M, Brandolini A, Dell'Acqua M. Molecular diversity and landscape genomics of the crop wild relative Triticum urartu across the Fertile Crescent. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 94:670-684. [PMID: 29573496 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Modern plant breeding can benefit from the allelic variation that exists in natural populations of crop wild relatives that evolved under natural selection in varying pedoclimatic conditions. In this study, next-generation sequencing was used to generate 1.3 million genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on ex situ collections of Triticum urartu L., the wild donor of the Au subgenome of modern wheat. A set of 75 511 high-quality SNPs were retained to describe 298 T. urartu accessions collected throughout the Fertile Crescent. Triticum urartu showed a complex pattern of genetic diversity, with two main genetic groups distributed sequentially from west to east. The incorporation of geographical information on sampling points showed that genetic diversity was correlated to the geographical distance (R2 = 0.19) separating samples from Jordan and Lebanon, from Syria and southern Turkey, and from eastern Turkey, Iran and Iraq. The wild emmer genome was used to derive the physical positions of SNPs on the seven chromosomes of the Au subgenome, allowing us to describe a relatively slow decay of linkage disequilibrium in the collection. Outlier loci were described on the basis of the geographic distribution of the T. urartu accessions, identifying a hotspot of directional selection on chromosome 4A. Bioclimatic variation was derived from grid data and related to allelic variation using a genome-wide association approach, identifying several marker-environment associations (MEAs). Fifty-seven MEAs were associated with altitude and temperature measures while 358 were associated with rainfall measures. The most significant MEAs and outlier loci were used to identify genomic loci with adaptive potential (some already reported in wheat), including dormancy and frost resistance loci. We advocate the application of genomics and landscape genomics on ex situ collections of crop wild relatives to efficiently identify promising alleles and genetic materials for incorporation into modern crop breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Brunazzi
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, P.zza Martiri della Libertà 33, Pisa, 56127, Italy
| | - Davide Scaglione
- Institute of Applied Genomics, Via J. Linussio, 51 ZIU, Udine, 33100, Italy
| | - Rebecca Fiorella Talini
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, P.zza Martiri della Libertà 33, Pisa, 56127, Italy
| | - Mara Miculan
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, P.zza Martiri della Libertà 33, Pisa, 56127, Italy
| | - Federica Magni
- Institute of Applied Genomics, Via J. Linussio, 51 ZIU, Udine, 33100, Italy
| | - Jesse Poland
- Wheat Genetics Resource Center, Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, 4024 Throckmorton PSC, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Mario Enrico Pè
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, P.zza Martiri della Libertà 33, Pisa, 56127, Italy
| | - Andrea Brandolini
- Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria (CREA), Via Po 14, Roma, 00198, Italy
| | - Matteo Dell'Acqua
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, P.zza Martiri della Libertà 33, Pisa, 56127, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kárpáti S, Sárdy M, Németh K, Mayer B, Smyth N, Paulsson M, Traupe H. Transglutaminases in autoimmune and inherited skin diseases: The phenomena of epitope spreading and functional compensation. Exp Dermatol 2018; 27:807-814. [PMID: 28940785 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Transglutaminases (TGs) are structurally and functionally related enzymes that modify the post-translational structure and activity of proteins or peptides, and thus are able to turn on or switch off their function. Depending on location and activities, TGs are able to modify the signalling, the function and the fate of cells and extracellular connective tissues. Besides mouse models, human diseases enable us to appreciate the function of various TGs. In this study, skin diseases induced by genetic damages or autoimmune targeting of these enzymes will be discussed. TG1, TG3 and TG5 contribute to the cutaneous barrier and thus to the integrity and function of epidermis. TGM1 mutations related to autosomal recessive ichthyosis subtypes, TGM5 mutations to a mild epidermolysis bullosa phenotype and as novelty TGM3 mutation to uncombable hair syndrome will be discussed. Autoimmunity to TG2, TG3 and TG6 may develop in a few of those genetically determined individuals who lost tolerance to gluten, and manifest as coeliac disease, dermatitis herpetiformis or gluten-dependent neurological symptoms, respectively. These gluten responder diseases commonly occur in combination. In autoimmune diseases, the epitope spreading is remarkable, while in some inherited pathologies, a unique compensation of the lost enzyme function is noted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarolta Kárpáti
- Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miklós Sárdy
- Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztián Németh
- Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Mayer
- Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Neil Smyth
- Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Mats Paulsson
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Heiko Traupe
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Huang Z, Long H, Wei YM, Yan ZH, Zheng YL. Allelic variations of α-gliadin genes from species of Aegilops section Sitopsis and insights into evolution of α-gliadin multigene family among Triticum and Aegilops. Genetica 2016; 144:213-22. [PMID: 26940567 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-016-9891-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The α-gliadins account for 15-30 % of the total storage protein in wheat endosperm and play important roles in the dough extensibility and nutritional quality. On the other side, they act as a main source of toxic peptides triggering celiac disease. In this study, 37 α-gliadins were isolated from three species of Aegilops section Sitopsis. Sequence similarity and phylogenetic analyses revealed novel allelic variation at Gli-2 loci of species of Sitopsis and regular organization of motifs in their repetitive domain. Based on the comprehensive analyses of a large number of known sequences of bread wheat and its diploid genome progenitors, the distributions of four T cell epitopes and length variations of two polyglutamine domains are analyzed. Additionally, according to the organization of repeat motifs, we classified the α-gliadins of Triticum and Aegilops into eight types. Their most recent common ancestor and putative divergence patterns were further considered. This study provides new insights into the allelic variations of α-gliadins in Aegilops section Sitopsis, as well as evolution of α-gliadin multigene family among Triticum and Aegilops species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Huang
- College of Landscape and Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Hai Long
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yu-Ming Wei
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Ze-Hong Yan
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - You-Liang Zheng
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Palma-Silva C, Ferro M, Bacci M, Turchetto-Zolet AC. De novo assembly and characterization of leaf and floral transcriptomes of the hybridizing bromeliad species (Pitcairnia spp.) adapted to Neotropical Inselbergs. Mol Ecol Resour 2016; 16:1012-22. [PMID: 26849180 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.12504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We present the leaf and floral transcriptomes of two hybridizing bromeliad species that differ in their major pollinator systems. Here we identified candidate genes responsible for pollinator attraction and reproductive isolation in these two species. We searched for candidate genes involved in floral traits, such as colour. Approximately 34 Gbp of cDNA sequence data were produced from both tissues and species, resulting in a total of 424 506 914 raw reads. The de novo-assembled transcriptomes consisted of a total of 263 955 contigs, further clustered into 110 977 unigenes. Over 58% of the unigenes were functionally annotated and assigned to one or more Gene Ontology terms. The transcriptomes revealed 144 unique transcripts that encode key enzymes in the flavonoid and anthocyanin biosynthesis pathways. The domain/family annotation and phylogenetic analysis allowed us to infer, by homology, potential functions of the genes encoding MYB, HD-ZIP and bZIP-HY5 transcription factors, as well as WD40 protein, which may be involved in anthocyanin and flavonoid regulation in these species. These candidate genes are associated with natural regulation in flower colour in other plant species and will facilitate future studies aimed at elucidating the molecular basis of adaptive differentiation and the evolution of mechanisms of pollinator-mediated reproductive isolation in these two bromeliads. In addition, we identified a total of 49 439 microsatellite loci. These resources will assist future research into adaptation and speciation events in bromeliad species, thus providing a starting point for investigation of the molecular mechanisms of the traits responsible for their reproductive isolation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Palma-Silva
- Departamento de Ecologia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Biodiversidade, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio Mesquita Filho, 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - M Ferro
- Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio Mesquita Filho, 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - M Bacci
- Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio Mesquita Filho, 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - A C Turchetto-Zolet
- Departamento de Genética, Programa de Pós-graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|