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Malhi V, Nowicka M, Chen YC, Agarwal P, Waldvogel M, Lien YTK, Hafner M, Perez-Moreno P, Moore HM, Yu J. UGT1A4 Polymorphism is not Associated with a Clinically Relevant Change in Giredestrant Exposure. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2024:10.1007/s00280-023-04634-4. [PMID: 38305868 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-023-04634-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Giredestrant is a potent, orally bioavailable, small-molecule selective estrogen receptor antagonist and degrader (SERD) that is being developed for the treatment of patients with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer. In vitro, giredestrant was primarily metabolized by UGT1A4. The goal of this study was to investigate if UGT1A4 polymorphism had a clinically relevant impact on giredestrant exposure. METHODS Genotyping and pharmacokinetic data were obtained from 118 and 61 patients in two clinical studies, GO39932 [NCT03332797] and acelERA Breast Cancer [NCT04576455], respectively. RESULTS The overall allelic frequencies of UGT1A4*2 and UGT1A4*3 were 3.3% and 11%, respectively. Giredestrant exposure was consistent between patients with wild-type UGT1A4 and UGT1A4*2 and *3 polymorphisms, with no clinically relevant difference observed. In addition, haplotype analysis indicated that no other UGT1A4 variants were significantly associated with giredestrant exposure. CONCLUSION Therefore, this study indicates that UGT1A4 polymorphism status is unlikely a clinically relevant factor to impact giredestrant exposure and giredestrant can be administered at the same dose level regardless of patients' UGT1A4 polymorphism status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Malhi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, 650-484-6516, USA
| | - Malgorzata Nowicka
- Oncology Biomarker Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ya-Chi Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, 650-484-6516, USA
| | - Priya Agarwal
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, 650-484-6516, USA
| | - Marie Waldvogel
- Product Development Clinical Operations, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yi Ting Kayla Lien
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, 650-484-6516, USA
| | - Marc Hafner
- Oncology Bioinformatics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Pablo Perez-Moreno
- Product Development Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Heather M Moore
- Oncology Biomarker Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jiajie Yu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, 650-484-6516, USA.
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Caasi JMN, Baldoza RID, Bauzon MSC, Odtohan MAF, Santiago LA, Santiago-Bautista MR. In Silico Prediction of Selected Bioactive Compounds Present in Alpinia elegans (C.Presl) K.Schum Seed Oil as Potential Drug Candidates Against Human Cancer Cell Lines. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2023; 24:2601-2614. [PMID: 37642045 PMCID: PMC10685237 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2023.24.8.2601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alpinia elegans (Zingiberaceae) is a Philippine endemic plant reported to have various folkloric uses. The seed oil of A. elegans has been shown to contain a majority of the following bioactive compounds: D-limonene, α-pinene, and caryophyllene oxide. The study sought to determine if the bioactive compounds found in A. elegans seed oil would be a good natural, inexpensive, and less-detrimental alternative for cancer treatment. METHODS The study utilized in silico (Way2Drug predictive services, SwissADME, AutoDock 4) experiment to examine the aforementioned compounds as viable therapeutic candidates against human cancer cell lines. RESULT Results determined that the compounds D-limonene, α-pinene, and caryophyllene oxide were most potent against thyroid gland carcinoma (8505C) cells, brain glaucoma (Hs 683) cells, and promyeloblast leukemia (HL-60) cells, respectively. Additionally, D-limonene was the only compound to show arrhythmia as an adverse effect. Predictions showed that the compounds could inhibit cellular growth factors and serine/threonine-protein kinase activity. The compounds generated a bioavailability score of 0.55 and exhibited blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration. D-limonene, α-pinene, and caryophyllene oxide had binding energy of -4.59, -5.43, and -6.92, respectively. CONCLUSION The binding energy indicated that the ligands could securely dock to the receptors, thus suggesting that interaction between the ligands and receptors was stable. Results have shown that the compounds are promising candidates against human cancer cell lines by inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Marie N. Caasi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines.
| | | | - Mary Sophia C. Bauzon
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines.
| | | | - Librado A. Santiago
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines.
- Research Center for Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines.
| | - Myla R. Santiago-Bautista
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines.
- Research Center for Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines.
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Babayeva M, Loewy ZG. Cannabis Pharmacogenomics: A Path to Personalized Medicine. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:3479-3514. [PMID: 37185752 PMCID: PMC10137111 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45040228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabis and related compounds have created significant research interest as a promising therapy in many disorders. However, the individual therapeutic effects of cannabinoids and the incidence of side effects are still difficult to determine. Pharmacogenomics may provide the answers to many questions and concerns regarding the cannabis/cannabinoid treatment and help us to understand the variability in individual responses and associated risks. Pharmacogenomics research has made meaningful progress in identifying genetic variations that play a critical role in interpatient variability in response to cannabis. This review classifies the current knowledge of pharmacogenomics associated with medical marijuana and related compounds and can assist in improving the outcomes of cannabinoid therapy and to minimize the adverse effects of cannabis use. Specific examples of pharmacogenomics informing pharmacotherapy as a path to personalized medicine are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Babayeva
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Touro College of Pharmacy, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Zvi G Loewy
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Touro College of Pharmacy, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
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Buhrow SA, Koubek EJ, Goetz MP, Ames MM, Reid JM. Development and validation of a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry assay for quantification of Z- and E- isomers of endoxifen and its metabolites in plasma from women with estrogen receptor positive breast cancer. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1221:123654. [PMID: 37004493 PMCID: PMC10249430 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
The selective estrogen receptor modifier tamoxifen (TAM) is widely used for the treatment of women with estrogen receptor positive (ER+ ) breast cancer. Endoxifen (ENDX) is a potent, active metabolite of TAM and is important for TAM's clinical activity. While multiple papers have been published regarding TAM metabolism, few studies have examined or quantified the metabolism of ENDX. To quantify ENDX and its metabolites in patient plasma samples, we have developed and validated a rapid, sensitive, and specific liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the quantitative determination of the E- and Z-isomers of ENDX (0.5-500 ng/ml) and the ENDX metabolites norendoxifen (1-500 and 0.5-500 ng/ml E and Z, respectfully), ENDX catechol (3.075-307.5 and 1.92-192 ng/ml E and Z, respectfully), 4'-hydroxy ENDX (0.33-166.5 and 0.33-333.5 ng/ml E and Z, respectfully), ENDX methoxycatechol (0.3-300 and 0.2-200 ng/ml E and Z, respectfully), and ENDX glucuronide (2-200 and 3-300 ng/ml E and Z, respectfully) in human plasma. Chromatographic separation was accomplished on a HSS T3 precolumn attached to an Poroshell 120 EC-C18 analytical column using 0.1 % formic acid/water and 0.1 % formic acid/methanol as eluents followed by MS/MS detection. The analytical run time was 6.5 min. Standard curves were linear (R2 ≥ 0.98) over the concentration ranges. The intra- and inter-day precision and accuracy, determined at high-, middle-, and low-quality control concentrations for all analytes, were within the acceptable range of 85 % and 115 %. The average percent recoveries were all above 90 %. The method was successfully applied to clinical plasma samples from a Phase I study of daily oral Z-ENDX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Buhrow
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Emily J Koubek
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Matthew P Goetz
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Matthew M Ames
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Joel M Reid
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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Koubek EJ, Ralya AT, Larson TR, McGovern RM, Buhrow SA, Covey JM, Adjei AA, Takebe N, Ames MM, Goetz MP, Reid JM. Population Pharmacokinetics of Z-Endoxifen in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors. J Clin Pharmacol 2022; 62:1121-1131. [PMID: 35358345 PMCID: PMC9339467 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.2053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a population pharmacokinetic model for Z-endoxifen in patients with advanced solid tumors and to identify clinical variables that influence pharmacokinetic parameters. Z-endoxifen-HCl was administered orally once a day on a 28-day cycle (±3 days) over 11 dose levels ranging from 20 to 360 mg. A total of 1256 Z-endoxifen plasma concentration samples from 80 patients were analyzed using nonlinear mixed-effects modeling to develop a population pharmacokinetic model for Z-endoxifen. A 2-compartment model with oral depot and linear elimination adequately described the data. The estimated apparent total clearance, apparent central volume of distribution, and apparent peripheral volume of distribution were 4.89 L/h, 323 L, and 39.7 L, respectively, with weight-effect exponents of 0.75, 1, and 1, respectively. This model was used to explore the effects of clinical and demographic variables on Z-endoxifen pharmacokinetics. Weight, race on clearance, and aspartate aminotransferase on the absorption rate constant were identified as significant covariates in the final model. This novel population pharmacokinetic model provides insight regarding factors that may affect the pharmacokinetics of Z-endoxifen and may assist in the design of future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J. Koubek
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Thomas R. Larson
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Sarah A. Buhrow
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Alex A. Adjei
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Naoko Takebe
- National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Matthew M. Ames
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Matthew P. Goetz
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Joel M. Reid
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Xue J, Zhang H, Zeng S. Integrate thermostabilized fusion protein apocytochrome b562RIL and N-glycosylation mutations: A novel approach to heterologous expression of human UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 2B7. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:965038. [PMID: 36034790 PMCID: PMC9412022 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.965038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 2B7 is a crucial phase II metabolic enzyme that transfers glucuronic acid from UDP-glucuronic acid (UDPGA) to endobiotic and xenobiotic substrates. Biophysical and biochemical investigations of UGT2B7 are hampered by the challenge of the integral membrane protein purification. This study focused on the expression and purification of recombinant UGT2B7 by optimizing the insertion sites for the thermostabilized fusion protein apocytochrome b562RIL (BRIL) and various mutations to improve the protein yields and homogeneity. Preparation of the recombinant proteins with high purity accelerated the measurement of pharmacokinetic parameters of UGT2B7. The dissociation constants (KD) of two classical substrates (zidovudine and androsterone) and two inhibitors (schisanhenol and hesperetin) of UGT2B7 were determined using the surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy (SPR) for the first time. Using negative-staining transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UGT2B7 protein particles were characterized, which could be useful for further exploring its three-dimensional structure. The methods described in this study could be broadly applied to other UGTs and are expected to provide the basis for the exploration of metabolic enzyme kinetics, the mechanisms of drug metabolisms and drug interactions, changes in pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics studies in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Xue
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haitao Zhang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Haitao Zhang, ; Su Zeng,
| | - Su Zeng
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Haitao Zhang, ; Su Zeng,
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Chik MW, Hazalin NAMN, Singh GKS. Regulation of phase I and phase II neurosteroid enzymes in the hippocampus of an Alzheimer's disease rat model: A focus on sulphotransferases and UDP-glucuronosyltransferases. Steroids 2022; 184:109035. [PMID: 35405201 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2022.109035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Neurosteroids have been associated with neurodegenerative diseases because they are involved in the modulation of neurotransmitter, neurotropic and neuroprotective actions. Emerging evidence suggests that the enzymes responsible for the synthesis of neurosteroids change during the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The present study aimed to assess the changes in phase I and II enzymes involved in the metabolism of neurosteroids of the progestogen, androgenic and estrogenic steroidogenic pathways and the possibility that the neurosteroids are actively converted into the most abundant metabolites (i.e. glucuronides and sulphates). The gene expression for the phase I and II neurosteroid biosynthetic enzymes were studied in the hippocampus of streptozotocin AD rat model. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control, sham (saline injected into the hippocampus) and 3 and 12 weeks post-STZ administration (STZ-G3w and STZ-G12w, respectively) groups. Behavioral assessments showed memory impairment in both STZ-injected groups, whereas the formation of amyloid-beta was more pronounced in the STZ-12w group. Gene expression of the hippocampus revealed that glucuronidation and sulphation enzymes transcript of the phase I metabolites were upregulated at the late stage of the disease progression (Hsd17b10, Hsd3b1, Akr1c3 and Cyp19a1) except for Sts. The phase II Sult and Ugt enzymes were mostly upregulated in the STZ-G12w rats (Sult1a1, Sult1e1, Ugt1a1, Ugt1a7c, Ugt1a6, Ugt2b35 and Ugt2b17) and normally expressed in the STZ-G3w group (Sult2a2, Sult2a6, Sult2b1, Ugt2b7, Sult4a1 and Ugt1a7c). In conclusion, changes occur in the phase I and II enzymes transcript of the progestogen, androgenic and estrogenic steroidogenic pathways during the progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazzura Wan Chik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Selangor Branch, Puncak Alam Campus, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Aqmar Mohd Nor Hazalin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Selangor Branch, Puncak Alam Campus, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia; Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMiSE), Level 7, FF3, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor Branch, Puncak Alam Campus, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Gurmeet Kaur Surindar Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Selangor Branch, Puncak Alam Campus, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia; Brain Degeneration and Therapeutics Group, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Kaya-Akyüzlü D, Özkan-Kotiloğlu S, Bal C, Yalçın-Şahiner Ş, Avcıoğlu G, Danışman M. Effects of UGT2B7 rs7662029 and rs7439366 polymorphisms on sublingual buprenorphine metabolism in heroin addicts: An improved PCR-RFLP assay for the detection of rs7662029 polymorphism. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 94:103902. [PMID: 35697190 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the effects of UGT2B7 rs7662029 and rs7439366 polymorphisms on plasma buprenorphine (BUP) concentration and different treatment responses in a sample of 109 patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) treated with sublingual BUP/naloxone. Polymorphisms were analysed by PCR-RFLP. Plasma concentrations of BUP and its metabolite norbuprenorphine were detected by LC-MS/MS. Craving, withdrawal, depression and anxiety were measured by appropriate scales. OUD patients with rs7439366 CC or rs7662029 GG genotypes had significantly lower dose-normalized (BUP/D) and dose/kg-normalized BUP (BUP/D.kg-1) levels than those who were CT or AA carriers. Significant associations between UGT2B7 rs7662029 and increased craving (p = 0.037) and withdrawal symptoms (p = 0.029) were detected. Our findings were pointing to an important role of UGT2B7 in the metabolism of sublingual BUP/naloxone in the heroin addicts for the first time. A novel PCR-RFLP assay was developed for the determination of UGT2B7 rs7662029 polymorphism, based on utilizing novel restriction enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Selin Özkan-Kotiloğlu
- Kırşehir Ahi Evran University, Faculty of Science and Art, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Kırşehir, Turkey
| | - Ceylan Bal
- Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Gamze Avcıoğlu
- Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Danışman
- Ankara Training and Research Hospital AMATEM Clinic, Ankara, Turkey
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Nthontho KC, Ndlovu AK, Sharma K, Kasvosve I, Hertz DL, Paganotti GM. Pharmacogenetics of Breast Cancer Treatments: A Sub-Saharan Africa Perspective. Pharmgenomics Pers Med 2022; 15:613-652. [PMID: 35761855 PMCID: PMC9233488 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s308531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most frequent cause of cancer death in low- and middle-income countries, in particular among sub-Saharan African women, where response to available anticancer treatment therapy is often limited by the recurrent breast tumours and metastasis, ultimately resulting in decreased overall survival rate. This can also be attributed to African genomes that contain more variation than those from other parts of the world. The purpose of this review is to summarize published evidence on pharmacogenetic and pharmacokinetic aspects related to specific available treatments and the known genetic variabilities associated with metabolism and/or transport of breast cancer drugs, and treatment outcomes when possible. The emphasis is on the African genetic variation and focuses on the genes with the highest strength of evidence, with a close look on CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP3A4/5, CYP19A1, UGT1A4, UGT2B7, UGT2B15, SLC22A16, SLC38A7, FcγR, DPYD, ABCB1, and SULT1A1, which are the genes known to play major roles in the metabolism and/or elimination of the respective anti-breast cancer drugs given to the patients. The genetic variability of their metabolism could be associated with different metabolic phenotypes that may cause reduced patients’ adherence because of toxicity or sub-therapeutic doses. Finally, this knowledge enhances possible personalized treatment approaches, with the possibility of improving survival outcomes in patients with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keneuoe Cecilia Nthontho
- School of Allied Health Professions, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
- Botswana-University of Pennsylvania Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Andrew Khulekani Ndlovu
- School of Allied Health Professions, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | | | - Ishmael Kasvosve
- School of Allied Health Professions, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Daniel Louis Hertz
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Michigan College of Pharmacy, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Giacomo Maria Paganotti
- Botswana-University of Pennsylvania Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
- Correspondence: Giacomo Maria Paganotti, Botswana-University of Pennsylvania Partnership, PO Box 45498, Riverwalk Gaborone, Botswana, Tel +267 3555375, Email
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Hao Z, Xu J, Zhao H, Zhou W, Liu Z, He S, Yin X, Zhang B, Wang Z, Zhou X. The inhibition of tamoxifen on UGT2B gene expression and enzyme activity in rat liver contribute to the estrogen homeostasis dysregulation. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2022; 23:33. [PMID: 35642027 PMCID: PMC9158366 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-022-00574-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tamoxifen treatment may induce dysregulation of estrogen homeostasis, leading to the occurrence of related adverse reactions. However, the potential mechanisms are still unclear. The purpose of the present study was to uncover whether tamoxifen treatment would act on estrogen metabolism-related biological enzymes and the regulatory effect on estrogen homeostasis to clarify the key factors and potential mechanisms of adverse reactions caused by long-term use of tamoxifen. Method Female SD rats were administrated with tamoxifen CMC-Na solution (p.o.) once daily for four weeks and then housed at room temperature. Serum, breast, liver, uterus, and ovarian tissues were obtained, and the effects of tamoxifen administration on estrogen homeostasis, the expression, and activity of estrogen metabolic enzyme were evaluated. Results Compared with the control group, the estrogen homeostasis was disturbed and the expression and activity of UGT2B1 (homology with human UGT2B7) were significantly reduced in the rats administrated with tamoxifen. The inhibitory effect of tamoxifen on UGT2B7 was dominated by hydrophobic and π-π stacking interactions, resulting in a concentration-dependent inhibition of UGT2B7 activity by tamoxifen and the imbalance of ligand-activated transcription factors, leading to abnormal regulation of UGT2B and disturbance of estrogen homeostasis, which in turn led to adverse reactions of tamoxifen. Conclusion We established links between estrogen metabolism and tamoxifen administration and we proposed that the UGT2B inhibition was involved in the disturbance of estrogen homeostasis and the occurrence of tamoxifen-related adverse reactions. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40360-022-00574-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiang Hao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Xuzhou First People's hospital, 221000, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jiahao Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Han Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Zhao Liu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Shiqing He
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxing Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Bei Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zhongjian Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Xueyan Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, China.
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Osborne MJ, Rahardjo AK, Volpon L, Borden KLB. 1H, 13C and 15N chemical shift assignments of the C-terminal domain of human UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase 2B7 (UGT2B7-C). BIOMOLECULAR NMR ASSIGNMENTS 2021; 15:323-328. [PMID: 33870481 PMCID: PMC8549657 DOI: 10.1007/s12104-021-10024-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The human UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) family of enzymes catalyze the covalent addition of glucuronic acid to a wide range of compounds, generally rendering them inactive. Although important for clearance of environmental toxins and metabolites, UGT activation can lead to inappropriate glucuronidation of therapeutics underlying drug resistance. Indeed, 50% of medications are glucuronidated. To better understand this mode of resistance, we studied the UGT2B7 enzyme associated with glucuronidation of cancer drugs such as Tamoxifen and Sorafenib. We report 1H, 13C and 15N backbone (> 90%) and side-chain assignments (~ 78% completeness according to CYANA) for the C-terminal domain of UGT2B7 (UGT2B7-C). Given the biomedical importance of this family of enzymes, our assignments will provide a key tool for improving understanding of the biochemical basis for substrate selectivity and other aspects of enzyme activity. This in turn will inform on drug design to overcome UGT-related drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Osborne
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Institute of Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Pavillion Marcelle-Coutu, Chemin Polytechnique, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Amanda K Rahardjo
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Institute of Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Pavillion Marcelle-Coutu, Chemin Polytechnique, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Laurent Volpon
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Institute of Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Pavillion Marcelle-Coutu, Chemin Polytechnique, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Katherine L B Borden
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Institute of Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Pavillion Marcelle-Coutu, Chemin Polytechnique, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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12
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Helland T, Alsomairy S, Lin C, Søiland H, Mellgren G, Hertz DL. Generating a Precision Endoxifen Prediction Algorithm to Advance Personalized Tamoxifen Treatment in Patients with Breast Cancer. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11030201. [PMID: 33805613 PMCID: PMC8000933 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11030201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tamoxifen is an endocrine treatment for hormone receptor positive breast cancer. The effectiveness of tamoxifen may be compromised in patients with metabolic resistance, who have insufficient metabolic generation of the active metabolites endoxifen and 4-hydroxy-tamoxifen. This has been challenging to validate due to the lack of measured metabolite concentrations in tamoxifen clinical trials. CYP2D6 activity is the primary determinant of endoxifen concentration. Inconclusive results from studies investigating whether CYP2D6 genotype is associated with tamoxifen efficacy may be due to the imprecision in using CYP2D6 genotype as a surrogate of endoxifen concentration without incorporating the influence of other genetic and clinical variables. This review summarizes the evidence that active metabolite concentrations determine tamoxifen efficacy. We then introduce a novel approach to validate this relationship by generating a precision endoxifen prediction algorithm and comprehensively review the factors that must be incorporated into the algorithm, including genetics of CYP2D6 and other pharmacogenes. A precision endoxifen algorithm could be used to validate metabolic resistance in existing tamoxifen clinical trial cohorts and could then be used to select personalized tamoxifen doses to ensure all patients achieve adequate endoxifen concentrations and maximum benefit from tamoxifen treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Helland
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Michigan College of Pharmacy, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (S.A.); (C.L.); (D.L.H.)
- Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway;
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5007 Bergen, Norway;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +47-92847793
| | - Sarah Alsomairy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Michigan College of Pharmacy, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (S.A.); (C.L.); (D.L.H.)
| | - Chenchia Lin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Michigan College of Pharmacy, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (S.A.); (C.L.); (D.L.H.)
| | - Håvard Søiland
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5007 Bergen, Norway;
| | - Gunnar Mellgren
- Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway;
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5007 Bergen, Norway;
| | - Daniel Louis Hertz
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Michigan College of Pharmacy, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (S.A.); (C.L.); (D.L.H.)
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13
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Slanař O, Hronová K, Bartošová O, Šíma M. Recent advances in the personalized treatment of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer with tamoxifen: a focus on pharmacogenomics. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2020; 17:307-321. [PMID: 33320718 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2021.1865310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Tamoxifen is still an important drug in hormone-dependent breast cancer therapy. Personalization of its clinical use beyond hormone receptor positivity could improve the substantial variability of the treatment response.Areas covered: The overview of the current evidence for the treatment personalization using therapeutic drug monitoring, or using genetic biomarkers including CYP2D6 is provided. Although many studies focused on the PK aspects or the impact of CYP2D6 variability the translation into clinical routine is not clearly defined due to the inconsistent clinical outcome data.Expert opinion: We believe that at least the main candidate factors, i.e. CYP2D6 polymorphism, CYP2D6 inhibition, endoxifen serum levels may become important predictors of clinical relevance for tamoxifen treatment personalization in the future. To achieve this aim, however, further research should take into consideration more precise characterization of the disease, epigenetic factors and also utilize an appropriately powered multifactorial approach instead of a single gene evaluating studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondřej Slanař
- Department of Pharmacology, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karolína Hronová
- Department of Pharmacology, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Bartošová
- Department of Pharmacology, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Šíma
- Department of Pharmacology, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
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Kasteel EEJ, Darney K, Kramer NI, Dorne JLCM, Lautz LS. Human variability in isoform-specific UDP-glucuronosyltransferases: markers of acute and chronic exposure, polymorphisms and uncertainty factors. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:2637-2661. [PMID: 32415340 PMCID: PMC7395075 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02765-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) are involved in phase II conjugation reactions of xenobiotics and differences in their isoform activities result in interindividual kinetic differences of UGT probe substrates. Here, extensive literature searches were performed to identify probe substrates (14) for various UGT isoforms (UGT1A1, UGT1A3, UGT1A4, UGT1A6, UGT1A9, UGT2B7 and UGT2B15) and frequencies of human polymorphisms. Chemical-specific pharmacokinetic data were collected in a database to quantify interindividual differences in markers of acute (Cmax) and chronic (area under the curve, clearance) exposure. Using this database, UGT-related uncertainty factors were derived and compared to the default factor (i.e. 3.16) allowing for interindividual differences in kinetics. Overall, results show that pharmacokinetic data are predominantly available for Caucasian populations and scarce for other populations of different geographical ancestry. Furthermore, the relationships between UGT polymorphisms and pharmacokinetic parameters are rarely addressed in the included studies. The data show that UGT-related uncertainty factors were mostly below the default toxicokinetic uncertainty factor of 3.16, with the exception of five probe substrates (1-OH-midazolam, ezetimibe, raltegravir, SN38 and trifluoperazine), with three of these substrates being metabolised by the polymorphic isoform 1A1. Data gaps and future work to integrate UGT-related variability distributions with in vitro data to develop quantitative in vitro–in vivo extrapolations in chemical risk assessment are discussed. Extensive literature search of human kinetic parameters for UGT probe substrates. Bayesian meta-analysis quantifying human variability in acute and chronic kinetic parameters. UGT isoform-related uncertainty factors were below the 3.16 kinetic default uncertainty factor for most probe substrates. Quantifying human variability in UGT polymorphisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- E E J Kasteel
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.177, 3508 TD, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - K Darney
- Risk Assessment Department, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94701, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - N I Kramer
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.177, 3508 TD, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J L C M Dorne
- European Food Safety Authority, Scientific Committee and Emerging Risks Unit, Via Carlo Magno 1A, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - L S Lautz
- Risk Assessment Department, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94701, Maisons-Alfort, France
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Mikolajczyk K, Kaczmarek R, Czerwinski M. How glycosylation affects glycosylation: the role of N-glycans in glycosyltransferase activity. Glycobiology 2020; 30:941-969. [PMID: 32363402 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwaa041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
N-glycosylation is one of the most important posttranslational modifications of proteins. It plays important roles in the biogenesis and functions of proteins by influencing their folding, intracellular localization, stability and solubility. N-glycans are synthesized by glycosyltransferases, a complex group of ubiquitous enzymes that occur in most kingdoms of life. A growing body of evidence shows that N-glycans may influence processing and functions of glycosyltransferases, including their secretion, stability and substrate/acceptor affinity. Changes in these properties may have a profound impact on glycosyltransferase activity. Indeed, some glycosyltransferases have to be glycosylated themselves for full activity. N-glycans and glycosyltransferases play roles in the pathogenesis of many diseases (including cancers), so studies on glycosyltransferases may contribute to the development of new therapy methods and novel glycoengineered enzymes with improved properties. In this review, we focus on the role of N-glycosylation in the activity of glycosyltransferases and attempt to summarize all available data about this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Mikolajczyk
- Laboratory of Glycobiology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Radoslaw Kaczmarek
- Laboratory of Glycobiology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Czerwinski
- Laboratory of Glycobiology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland
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Emerging roles for UDP-glucuronosyltransferases in drug resistance and cancer progression. Br J Cancer 2020; 122:1277-1287. [PMID: 32047295 PMCID: PMC7188667 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-019-0722-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The best-known role of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase enzymes (UGTs) in cancer is the metabolic inactivation of drug therapies. By conjugating glucuronic acid to lipophilic drugs, UGTs impair the biological activity and enhance the water solubility of these agents, driving their elimination. Multiple clinical observations support an expanding role for UGTs as modulators of the drug response and in mediating drug resistance in numerous cancer types. However, accumulating evidence also suggests an influence of the UGT pathway on cancer progression. Dysregulation of the expression and activity of UGTs has been associated with the progression of several cancers, arguing for UGTs as possible mediators of oncogenic pathways and/or disease accelerators in a drug-naive context. The consequences of altered UGT activity on tumour biology are incompletely understood. They might be associated with perturbed levels of bioactive endogenous metabolites such as steroids and bioactive lipids that are inactivated by UGTs or through non-enzymatic mechanisms, thereby eliciting oncogenic signalling cascades. This review highlights the evidence supporting dual roles for the UGT pathway, affecting cancer progression and drug resistance. Pharmacogenomic testing of UGT profiles in patients and the development of therapeutic options that impair UGT actions could provide useful prognostic and predictive biomarkers and enhance the efficacy of anti-cancer drugs.
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17
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Chan CWH, Miaskowski C, McCarthy A, Waye MMY, Yeo W, So WKW, Choi KC, Tsui SKW, Chan JYW. Tamoxifen-related endocrine symptoms in Chinese patients with breast cancer: Study protocol clinical trial (SPIRIT Compliant). Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e19083. [PMID: 32080081 PMCID: PMC7034730 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000019083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer in females and disease recurrence remains a significant problem. To prevent recurrence, tamoxifen is prescribed for at least 5 years. However, among patients who receive tamoxifen, individual responses are highly variable. These responses are affected by the type, frequency, and severity of endocrine symptoms, as well as adherence rates. Polymorphisms in genes involved in the metabolism of tamoxifen (ie, CYP3A4, CYP2D6) may influence responses to tamoxifen. In this study, the inter-relationships among endocrine symptoms, drug adherence, and genetic polymorphisms in Chinese breast cancer patients receiving tamoxifen therapy will be examined. We hypothesize that patients with more severe endocrine symptoms will be less likely to adhere to tamoxifen treatment. In addition, we hypothesize that a relationship will exist between the severity of tamoxifen-induced symptoms and allelic variations in tamoxifen metabolism-related genes. Although many association studies have determined that select genotypes influence the efficacy of tamoxifen, very few studies have investigated for associations between tamoxifen-induced endocrine symptoms and these polymorphisms. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to characterize genetic polymorphisms in tamoxifen metabolism-associated genes in Chinese women with breast cancer and to explore the inter-relationships between genetic polymorphisms, endocrine symptoms, and adherence to tamoxifen. METHOD We will conduct a prospective cohort study that follows 200 Chinese women over 18 months and assess treatment-related symptoms and genetic variations. Endocrine symptoms and drug adherence will be determined through interview-administered standardized questionnaires. Polymorphisms in drug metabolism genes will be determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction based genotyping method. Data will be analyzed to determine associations between allelic variations, endocrine symptoms, and adherence. DISCUSSION The proposed study will evaluate for polymorphisms in gene(s) that are associated with tamoxifen-related endocrine symptoms and adherence with tamoxifen. We will explore the relationships between genotypes, endocrine symptoms, and drug adherence in Chinese breast cancer patients. Findings from this study may assist clinicians to identify patients at higher risk for a worse symptom experience and lower adherence rates and enable them to initiate appropriate interventions. In the long term, the findings from this study may be used to develop and test tailored symptom management interventions for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Wing Han Chan
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | - Alexandra McCarthy
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mary Miu Yee Waye
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- The Croucher Laboratory for Human Genomics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | | | - Winnie Kwok Wai So
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Kai Chow Choi
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | - Judy Yuet Wa Chan
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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18
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Association between ESR1, ESR2, HER2, UGT1A4, and UGT2B7 polymorphisms and breast Cancer in Jordan: a case-control study. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:1257. [PMID: 31888550 PMCID: PMC6937757 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6490-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer risk, development, and treatment are influenced by genetic variation in certain genes, namely those involved in cell proliferation, tumor suppression, and drug metabolism. In turn, the relevance of the aforementioned genetic variation to cancer depends on the ethnic group in question, highlighting the need for population-specific association studies. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to investigate the association between certain ESR1, ESR2, HER2, UGT1A4, and UGT2B7 single nucleotide polymorphisms and breast cancer. Methods Blood samples were collected from 437 Jordanian-Arab breast cancer patients and healthy volunteers and subject to genotyping using the Sequenom MassARRAY® system (iPLEX GOLD). Results Our findings show a significant association between breast cancer and the allelic (P = 0.02486879) and genotypic (P = 0.04793066) frequencies of the ESR1 polymorphism rs3798577, a result which was confirmed in different genetic models. No other investigated polymorphism showed a significant association with breast cancer itself in Jordanian Arabs, but the Rare Hz (GG) vs Het (AG) genetic model revealed an association of the disease with the ESR1 polymorphism rs3798577. However, several associations were found between certain polymorphisms and breast cancer’s prognostic factors. Conclusion This study suggests that certain polymorphisms may increase the risk of breast cancer in the Jordanian-Arab population. Future research and clinical translation could incorporate the current results in preventative breast cancer approaches tailored for Jordanian-Arab patients.
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Ahmed JH, Makonnen E, Fotoohi A, Aseffa A, Howe R, Aklillu E. CYP2D6 Genotype Predicts Plasma Concentrations of Tamoxifen Metabolites in Ethiopian Breast Cancer Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11091353. [PMID: 31547390 PMCID: PMC6770728 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tamoxifen displays wide inter-individual variability (IIV) in its pharmacokinetics and treatment outcome. Data on tamoxifen pharmacokinetics and pharmacogenetics from black African breast cancer patient populations is lacking. We investigated the pharmacokinetic and pharmacogenetic profile of tamoxifen and its major active metabolite, endoxifen, in Ethiopian breast cancer patients. A total of 81 female breast cancer patients on adjuvant tamoxifen therapy were enrolled. Tamoxifen (Tam) and its major metabolites, N-desmethyltamoxifen (NDM), 4-hydroxy-tamoxifen (4-HT), and (Z)-endoxifen (E) were quantified using LC-MS/MS. Genotyping for CYP2D6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP3A5, POR, and ABCB1 and UGT2B15 and copy number variation for CYP2D6 were done. The proportion of patients with low endoxifen level (<5.9 ng/mL) was 35.8% (median concentration 7.94 ng/mL). The allele frequency of CYP2D6 gene deletion (*5) and duplication (*1×N or *2×N) was 4.3% and 14.8%, respectively. Twenty-six percent of the patients carried duplicated or multiplicated CYP2D6 gene. An increase in CYP2D6 activity score was associated with increased endoxifen concentration and MRE/NDM (p < 0.001). The IIV in endoxifen concentration and MRE/NDM was 74.6% and 59%, respectively. CYP2D6 diplotype explained 28.2% and 44% of the variability in absolute endoxifen concentration and MRE/NDM, respectively. The explanatory power of CYP2D6 diplotype was improved among ABCB1c.4036G carriers (43% and 65.2%, respectively for endoxifen concentration and MRE/NDM) compared to A/A genotype. CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and CYP3A5 genotypes had no significant influence on endoxifen concentration or MRE/NDM. In conclusion, we report a high rate of low endoxifen level as well as large IIV in tamoxifen and its metabolite concentrations. CYP2D6 is significant predictor of plasma endoxifen level in a gene-dose dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jemal Hussien Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 9086, Ethiopia.
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm 141 86, Sweden.
| | - Eyasu Makonnen
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 9086, Ethiopia.
- Center for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 9086, Ethiopia.
| | - Alan Fotoohi
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna Stockholm 171 76, Sweden.
| | - Abraham Aseffa
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 1005, Ethiopia.
| | - Rawleigh Howe
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 1005, Ethiopia.
| | - Eleni Aklillu
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm 141 86, Sweden.
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Sanchez-Spitman A, Swen J, Dezentje V, Moes D, Gelderblom H, Guchelaar H. Clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacogenetics of tamoxifen and endoxifen. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2019; 12:523-536. [DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2019.1610390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A.B. Sanchez-Spitman
- Leiden Network for Personalised Therapeutics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J.J. Swen
- Leiden Network for Personalised Therapeutics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - V.O. Dezentje
- Department of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute/Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - D.J.A.R. Moes
- Leiden Network for Personalised Therapeutics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - H. Gelderblom
- Leiden Network for Personalised Therapeutics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - H.J. Guchelaar
- Leiden Network for Personalised Therapeutics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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21
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Novillo A, Gaibar M, Romero-Lorca A, Chaabani H, Amir N, Moral P, Esteban ME, Fernández-Santander A. UDP-glucuronosyltransferase genetic variation in North African populations: a comparison with African and European data. Ann Hum Biol 2019; 45:516-523. [PMID: 30616396 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2018.1559354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic variation in glucuronosyltransferases (UGT) is crucial in drug metabolism and risk of some diseases. AIM To examine genetic variation in UGT in North African populations. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Allele frequencies of SNPs UGT1A424Thr, UGT1A448Val, UGT2B1585Tyr, UGT2B15523Thr and UGT2B17 CNV deletion from Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia and Libya were compared to European and Sub-Saharan populations. RESULTS North Africans are the group with the highest genetic heterogeneity given by internal differences in the occurrence of UGT2B17 deletion, UGT1A448Val and UGT1A4 haplotypes. UGT2B15 SNPs differentiate Sub-Saharans from the rest of the populations. CONCLUSION North African populations show a high frequency of carriers of UGT2B15523Thr, a variant linked to an increased risk of prostate cancer. High Atlas Moroccans and Algerians show low frequency of UGT2B17del, a variant associated with high concentrations of testosterone and oestradiol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apolonia Novillo
- a Basic Biomedical Sciences Department , Universidad Europea de Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - María Gaibar
- a Basic Biomedical Sciences Department , Universidad Europea de Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - Alicia Romero-Lorca
- a Basic Biomedical Sciences Department , Universidad Europea de Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - Hassen Chaabani
- b Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Monastir , Monastir , Tunisia
| | - Nadir Amir
- c Laboratoire de Biochimie Appliquée, 5 Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie , Université de Bejaia , Bejaia , Algeria
| | - Pedro Moral
- d Section of Zoology and Biological Anthropology, Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology , Universitat de Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain.,e Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - M Esther Esteban
- d Section of Zoology and Biological Anthropology, Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology , Universitat de Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain.,e Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
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Paramasivan P, Kankia IH, Langdon SP, Deeni YY. Emerging role of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 in the mechanism of action and resistance to anticancer therapies. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2019; 2:490-515. [PMID: 35582567 PMCID: PMC8992506 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2019.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (NRF2), a transcription factor, is a master regulator of an array of genes related to oxidative and electrophilic stress that promote and maintain redox homeostasis. NRF2 function is well studied in in vitro, animal and general physiology models. However, emerging data has uncovered novel functionality of this transcription factor in human diseases such as cancer, autism, anxiety disorders and diabetes. A key finding in these emerging roles has been its constitutive upregulation in multiple cancers promoting pro-survival phenotypes. The survivability pathways in these studies were mostly explained by classical NRF2 activation involving KEAP-1 relief and transcriptional induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) neutralizing and cytoprotective drug-metabolizing enzymes (phase I, II, III and 0). Further, NRF2 status and activation is associated with lowered cancer therapeutic efficacy and the eventual emergence of therapeutic resistance. Interestingly, we and others have provided further evidence of direct NRF2 regulation of anticancer drug targets like receptor tyrosine kinases and DNA damage and repair proteins and kinases with implications for therapy outcome. This novel finding demonstrates a renewed role of NRF2 as a key modulatory factor informing anticancer therapeutic outcomes, which extends beyond its described classical role as a ROS regulator. This review will provide a knowledge base for these emerging roles of NRF2 in anticancer therapies involving feedback and feed forward models and will consolidate and present such findings in a systematic manner. This places NRF2 as a key determinant of action, effectiveness and resistance to anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poornima Paramasivan
- Division of Science, School of Applied Sciences, Abertay University, Dundee DD1 1HG, United Kingdom
| | - Ibrahim H. Kankia
- Division of Science, School of Applied Sciences, Abertay University, Dundee DD1 1HG, United Kingdom
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Umaru Musa Yar’adua University, Katsina PMB 2218, Nigeria
| | - Simon P. Langdon
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre and Edinburgh Pathology, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, United Kingdom
| | - Yusuf Y. Deeni
- Division of Science, School of Applied Sciences, Abertay University, Dundee DD1 1HG, United Kingdom
- Correspondence Address: Prof. Yusuf Y Deeni, Division of Science, School of Applied Sciences, Abertay University, Dundee DD1 1HG, United Kingdom. E-mail:
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Gaibar M, Novillo A, Romero-Lorca A, Esteban ME, Fernández-Santander A. Pharmacogenetics of ugt genes in North African populations. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2018; 18:609-612. [PMID: 30061569 PMCID: PMC6150910 DOI: 10.1038/s41397-018-0034-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Gaibar
- Biomedical and Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo s/n, 28670, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Novillo
- Biomedical and Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo s/n, 28670, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Romero-Lorca
- Biomedical and Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo s/n, 28670, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
| | - M E Esteban
- Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Reçerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Fernández-Santander
- Biomedical and Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo s/n, 28670, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain.
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24
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Sanchez-Dominguez CN, Gallardo-Blanco HL, Salinas-Santander MA, Ortiz-Lopez R. Uridine 5'-diphospho-glucronosyltrasferase: Its role in pharmacogenomics and human disease. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:3-11. [PMID: 29896223 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Biotransformation is an enzyme-catalyzed process in which the body converts endogenous compounds, xenobiotics and toxic substances into harmless or easily excreted metabolites. The biotransformation reactions are classified as phase I and II reactions. Uridine 5'-diphospho (UDP)-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) are a superfamily of phase II enzymes which have roles in the conjugation of xenobiotics or endogenous compounds, including drugs and bilirubin, with glucuronic acid to make them easier to excrete. The method the human body uses to achieve glucuronidation may be affected by a large interindividual variation due to changes in the sequences of the genes encoding these enzymes. In the last five years, the study of the genetic variants of the UGTs at a molecular level has become important due to its association with several diseases and the ability to predict adverse events due to drug metabolism. In the present review, the structure and the prominent genetic variants of the UGT1A subfamily and their metabolic and clinical implications are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia N Sanchez-Dominguez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon 64460, Mexico
| | - Hugo L Gallardo-Blanco
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon 64460, Mexico
| | | | - Rocio Ortiz-Lopez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Medical School and Health Sciences, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon 64710, Mexico
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25
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He BX, Qiao B, Lam AKY, Zhao XL, Zhang WZ, Liu H. Association between UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B7 tagSNPs and breast cancer risk in Chinese females. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2018; 45:437-443. [PMID: 29272031 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Xia He
- Department of Pharmacy; Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou China
| | - Bin Qiao
- Department of Stomatology; The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou China
| | - Alfred King-Yin Lam
- Cancer Molecular Pathology; School of Medicine; Menzies Health Institute Queensland; Griffith University; Gold Coast QLD Australia
| | - Xiu-Li Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy; Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou China
| | - Wen-Zhou Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy; Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery; Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou China
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26
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Pharmacogenomics Guided-Personalization of Warfarin and Tamoxifen. J Pers Med 2017; 7:jpm7040020. [PMID: 29236081 PMCID: PMC5748632 DOI: 10.3390/jpm7040020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of pharmacogenomics to personalize drug therapy has been a long-sought goal for warfarin and tamoxifen. However, conflicting evidence has created reason for hesitation in recommending pharmacogenomics-guided care for both drugs. This review will provide a summary of the evidence to date on the association between cytochrome P450 enzymes and the clinical end points of warfarin and tamoxifen therapy. Further, highlighting the clinical experiences that we have gained over the past ten years of running a personalized medicine program, we will offer our perspectives on the utility and the limitations of pharmacogenomics-guided care for warfarin and tamoxifen therapy.
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27
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Woo HI, Lee SK, Kim J, Kim SW, Yu J, Bae SY, Lee JE, Nam SJ, Lee SY. Variations in plasma concentrations of tamoxifen metabolites and the effects of genetic polymorphisms on tamoxifen metabolism in Korean patients with breast cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:100296-100311. [PMID: 29245979 PMCID: PMC5725021 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inter-individual variation in tamoxifen metabolism in breast cancer patients is caused by various genetic and clinical factors. We measured the plasma concentrations of tamoxifen and its metabolites and investigated genetic polymorphisms influencing those concentrations. We measured the concentrations of tamoxifen, endoxifen, N-desmethyltamoxifen (NDM), and 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-OH tamoxifen) in 550 plasma specimens from 281 breast cancer patients treated with tamoxifen. Duplicate or triplicate specimens were obtained from 179 patients at 3-month intervals. In 80 patients, genotyping for tamoxifen metabolizing enzymes was performed using the DMET Plus array and long-range PCR. Plasma concentrations of tamoxifen and its metabolites showed wide variations among patients. The following genetic polymorphisms were associated with the plasma concentrations when body mass index and tamoxifen concentrations were considered as co-variables: CYP1A2 -2467delT, CYP2B6 genotype, CYP2D6 activity score (AS), and FMO3 441C>T. CYP2D6 AS and three variants in the SULT1E1 gene showed correlation with ratios of tamoxifen metabolites. CYP2D6 AS was the only variable that showed associations with both metabolite concentration and ratio: endoxifen (P < 0.001), NDM (P < 0.001), endoxifen/NDM (P < 0.001), NDM/tamoxifen (P < 0.001), and 4-OH tamoxifen/tamoxifen (P = 0.005). Serial measurements of 448 plasma concentrations in 179 patients at 3-month intervals showed wide intra-individual variation. Our study showed that genetic polymorphisms can in part determine the baseline concentrations of tamoxifen and its metabolites. However, marked intra-individual variations during follow-up monitoring were observed, and this could not be explained by genotype. Therefore, serial measurements of tamoxifen and its metabolites would be helpful in monitoring in vivo tamoxifen metabolic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye In Woo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
| | - Se Kyung Lee
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jiyoung Kim
- Department of Surgery, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, Korea
| | - Seok Won Kim
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jonghan Yu
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo Youn Bae
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Eon Lee
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok Jin Nam
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo-Youn Lee
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Laboratory Medicine & Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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28
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Jeddi F, Soozangar N, Sadeghi MR, Somi MH, Samadi N. Contradictory roles of Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway in cancer prevention/promotion and chemoresistance. DNA Repair (Amst) 2017; 54:13-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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29
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Attri KS, Murthy D, Singh PK. Racial disparity in metabolic regulation of cancer. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed) 2017; 22:1221-1246. [PMID: 28199202 DOI: 10.2741/4543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Genetic mutations and metabolic reprogramming are two key hallmarks of cancer, required for proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of the disease. While genetic mutations, whether inherited or acquired, are critical for the initiation of tumor development, metabolic reprogramming is an effector mechanism imperative for adaptational transition during the progression of cancer. Recent findings in the literature emphasize the significance of molecular cross-talk between these two cellular processes in regulating signaling and differentiation of cancer cells. Genome-wide sequencing analyses of cancer genomes have highlighted the association of various genic mutations in predicting cancer risk and survival. Oncogenic mutational frequency is heterogeneously distributed among various cancer types in different populations, resulting in varying susceptibility to cancer risk. In this review, we explore and discuss the role of genetic mutations in metabolic enzymes and metabolic oncoregulators to stratify cancer risk in persons of different racial backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuldeep S Attri
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, 68198, USA
| | - Divya Murthy
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, 68198, USA
| | - Pankaj K Singh
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, 68198, USA,
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30
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Cassidy A, Minihane AM. The role of metabolism (and the microbiome) in defining the clinical efficacy of dietary flavonoids. Am J Clin Nutr 2017; 105:10-22. [PMID: 27881391 PMCID: PMC5183723 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.116.136051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
At a population level, there is growing evidence of the beneficial effects of dietary flavonoids on health. However, there is extensive heterogeneity in the response to increased intake, which is likely mediated via wide interindividual variability in flavonoid absorption and metabolism. Flavonoids are extensively metabolized by phase I and phase II metabolism (which occur predominantly in the gastrointestinal tract and liver) and colonic microbial metabolism. A number of factors, including age, sex, and genotype, may affect these metabolic processes. In addition, food composition and flavonoid source are likely to affect bioavailability, and emerging data suggest a critical role for the microbiome. This review will focus on the current knowledge for the main subclasses of flavonoids, including anthocyanins, flavonols, flavan-3-ols, and flavanones, for which there is growing evidence from prospective studies of beneficial effects on health. The identification of key factors that govern metabolism and an understanding of how the differential capacity to metabolize these bioactive compounds affect health outcomes will help establish how to optimize intakes of flavonoids for health benefits and in specific subgroups. We identify research areas that need to be addressed to further understand important determinants of flavonoid bioavailability and metabolism and to advance the knowledge base that is required to move toward the development of dietary guidelines and recommendations for flavonoids and flavonoid-rich foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aedín Cassidy
- Department of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
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31
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Gao JR, Qin XJ, Jiang H, Wang T, Song JM, Xu SZ. The effects of Qi Teng Xiao Zhuo granules, traditional Chinese medicine, on the expression of genes in chronic glomerulonephritis rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 193:140-149. [PMID: 27497640 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN) is a primary glomerular disease that is related to immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. Qi Teng Xiao Zhuo granules have been proposed as a prescription of traditional Chinese medicine for treatment of CGN, but the comprehensive molecular mechanism underlying this therapeutic effect is not clear to date. The aim of this study was to evaluate and analyze the possible roles and molecular mechanisms of Qi Teng Xiao Zhuo granule-mediated treatment of CGN induced by adriamycin in rats. METHODS For gene expression analysis, four samples of glomerular tissue from rats in the Qi Teng Xiao Zhuo granule group and four samples each from the adriamycin treated and control groups were hybridized with Agilent Rat 4×44K whole genome microarrays. KEGG and Gene Ontology (GO) analyses and LIMMA, String and Cytoscape software were used to analyze the functional microarray data and screen differentially expressed genes. Hub genes were identified using Pathway Studio software. Real-time PCR was performed to verify the selected genes. RESULTS Microarray gene expression analysis showed that Pnoc, Cacfd1, Fos, Igll1, Lcn2, and Syk were among the most downregulated genes in the Qi Teng Xiao Zhuo granule group compared with the adriamycin treated group, whereas Cyp2c7, Hsd3b6, Acsm5, and Ugt2b15 were significantly upregulated. Functional analysis demonstrated that metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450, the B cell receptor signaling pathway, and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction pathways were significantly downregulated in the Qi Teng Xiao Zhuo granule group and that GO terms related to positive regulation of immune response, immune response-activating signal transduction, cell differentiation, cell cycle, proliferation, and adhesion were significantly affected. Fos and Syk were considered to be potential hub genes. CONCLUSIONS In the adriamycin-induced CGN rat model, comprehensive molecular mechanisms were involved with complex gene expression alterations containing many altered pathways and GO terms. However, how Qi Teng Xiao Zhuo granules regulate these events warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Rong Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, 117 Meishan Road, Hefei 230031, China.
| | - Xiu-Juan Qin
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui university of Chinese Medicine, 103 Meishan Road, Hefei, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, 117 Meishan Road, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Ting Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui university of Chinese Medicine, 103 Meishan Road, Hefei, China
| | - Jun-Mei Song
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui university of Chinese Medicine, 103 Meishan Road, Hefei, China
| | - Shuang-Zhi Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui university of Chinese Medicine, 103 Meishan Road, Hefei, China
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32
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Novillo A, Romero-Lorca A, Gaibar M, Rubio M, Fernández-Santander A. Tamoxifen metabolism in breast cancer treatment: Taking the focus off the CYP2D6 gene. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2016; 17:109-111. [PMID: 27698402 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2016.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Novillo
- Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Romero-Lorca
- Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Gaibar
- Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Rubio
- Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Fernández-Santander
- Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Bai X, Chen Y, Hou X, Huang M, Jin J. Emerging role of NRF2 in chemoresistance by regulating drug-metabolizing enzymes and efflux transporters. Drug Metab Rev 2016; 48:541-567. [PMID: 27320238 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2016.1197239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chemoresistance is a disturbing barrier in cancer therapy, which always results in limited therapeutic options and unfavorable prognosis. Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (NRF2) controls the expression of genes encoding cytoprotective enzymes and transporters that protect against oxidative stress and electrophilic injury to maintain intrinsic redox homeostasis. However, recent studies have demonstrated that aberrant activation of NRF2 due to genetic and/or epigenetic mutations in tumor contributes to the high expression of phase I and phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes, phase III transporters, and other cytoprotective proteins, which leads to the decreased therapeutic efficacy of anticancer drugs through biotransformation or extrusion during chemotherapy. Therefore, a better understanding of the role of NRF2 in regulation of these enzymes and transporters in tumors is necessary to find new strategies that improve chemotherapeutic efficacy. In this review, we summarized the recent findings about the chemoresistance-promoting role of NRF2, NRF2-regulated phase I and phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes, phase III drug efflux transporters, and other cytoprotective genes. Most importantly, the potential of NRF2 was proposed to counteract drug resistance in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xupeng Bai
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Yibei Chen
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Xiangyu Hou
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Min Huang
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Jing Jin
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
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34
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Del Re M, Citi V, Crucitta S, Rofi E, Belcari F, van Schaik RH, Danesi R. Pharmacogenetics of CYP2D6 and tamoxifen therapy: Light at the end of the tunnel? Pharmacol Res 2016; 107:398-406. [PMID: 27060675 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The clinical usefulness of assessing the enzymatic activity of CYPD6 in patients taking tamoxifen had been longly debated. In favour of preemptive evaluation of phenotypic profile of patients is the strong pharmacologic rationale, being that the formation of endoxifen, the major and clinically most important metabolite of tamoxifen, is largely dependent on the activity of CYP2D6. This enzyme is highly polymorphic for which the activity is largely depending on genetics, but that can also be inhibited by a number of drugs, i.e. antidepressants, which are frequently used in patients with cancer. Unfortunately, the clinical trials that have been published in the last years are contradicting each other on the association between CYP2D6 and significant clinical endpoints, and for this reason CYP2D6 genotyping is at present not generally recommended. Despite this, the CYP2D6 genotyping test for tamoxifen is available in many laboratories and it may still be an appropriate test to use it in specific cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Del Re
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics Unit, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital, Pisa, Italy.
| | - V Citi
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics Unit, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - S Crucitta
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics Unit, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - E Rofi
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics Unit, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - F Belcari
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics Unit, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - R H van Schaik
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R Danesi
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics Unit, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
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35
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Influence of polymorphisms of UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGT) 2B family genes UGT2B15, UGT2B17 and UGT2B28 on the development of prostate cancer in Korean men. Genes Genomics 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13258-015-0379-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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36
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Correction: Impacts of the Glucuronidase Genotypes UGT1A4, UGT2B7, UGT2B15 and UGT2B17 on Tamoxifen Metabolism in Breast Cancer Patients. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140921. [PMID: 26495850 PMCID: PMC4619721 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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