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Macvanin MT, Gluvic ZM, Zaric BL, Essack M, Gao X, Isenovic ER. New biomarkers: prospect for diagnosis and monitoring of thyroid disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1218320. [PMID: 37547301 PMCID: PMC10401601 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1218320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
After the metabolic syndrome and its components, thyroid disorders represent the most common endocrine disorders, with increasing prevalence in the last two decades. Thyroid dysfunctions are distinguished by hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, or inflammation (thyroiditis) of the thyroid gland, in addition to the presence of thyroid nodules that can be benign or malignant. Thyroid cancer is typically detected via an ultrasound (US)-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) and cytological examination of the specimen. This approach has significant limitations due to the small sample size and inability to characterize follicular lesions adequately. Due to the rapid advancement of high-throughput molecular biology techniques, it is now possible to identify new biomarkers for thyroid neoplasms that can supplement traditional imaging modalities in postoperative surveillance and aid in the preoperative cytology examination of indeterminate or follicular lesions. Here, we review current knowledge regarding biomarkers that have been reliable in detecting thyroid neoplasms, making them valuable tools for assessing the efficacy of surgical procedures or adjunctive treatment after surgery. We are particularly interested in providing an up-to-date and systematic review of emerging biomarkers, such as mRNA and non-coding RNAs, that can potentially detect thyroid neoplasms in clinical settings. We discuss evidence for miRNA, lncRNA and circRNA dysregulation in several thyroid neoplasms and assess their potential for use as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjana T. Macvanin
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zoran M. Gluvic
- Clinic for Internal Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Zemun Clinical Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bozidarka L. Zaric
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Magbubah Essack
- Computer Science Program, Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xin Gao
- Computer Science Program, Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esma R. Isenovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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2
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Geropoulos G, Psarras K, Papaioannou M, Giannis D, Meitanidou M, Kapriniotis K, Symeonidis N, Pavlidis ET, Pavlidis TE, Sapalidis K, Ahmed NM, Abdel-Aziz TE, Eddama MMR. Circulating microRNAs and Clinicopathological Findings of Papillary Thyroid Cancer: A Systematic Review. In Vivo 2022; 36:1551-1569. [PMID: 35738604 PMCID: PMC9301440 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is the most common endocrine malignancy with a rising incidence. There is a need for a non-invasive preoperative test to enable better patient counselling. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the potential role of circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) in the diagnosis and prognosis of PTC. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic literature search was performed using MEDLINE, Cochrane, and Scopus databases (last search date was December 1, 2021). Studies investigating the expression of miRNAs in the serum or plasma of patients with PTC were deemed eligible for inclusion. RESULTS Among the 1,533 screened studies, 39 studies met the inclusion criteria. In total, 108 miRNAs candidates were identified in the serum, plasma, or exosomes of patients suffering from PTC. Furthermore, association of circulating miRNAs with thyroid cancer-specific clinicopathological features, such as tumor size (13 miRNAs), location (3 miRNAs), extrathyroidal extension (9 miRNAs), pre- vs. postoperative period (31 miRNAs), lymph node metastasis (17 miRNAs), TNM stage (9 miRNAs), BRAF V600E mutation (6 miRNAs), serum thyroglobulin levels (2 miRNAs), 131I avid metastases (13 miRNAs), and tumor recurrence (2 miRNAs) was also depicted in this study. CONCLUSION MiRNAs provide a potentially promising role in the diagnosis and prognosis of PTC. There is a correlation between miRNA expression profiles and specific clinicopathological features of PTC. However, to enable their use in clinical practice, further clinical studies are required to validate the predictive value and utility of miRNAs as biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Geropoulos
- Department of General and Endocrine Surgery, University College London Hospitals, London, U.K.;
- 2 Propedeutical Department of Surgery, Hippokration Hospital, School of Medicine,Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Kyriakos Psarras
- 2 Propedeutical Department of Surgery, Hippokration Hospital, School of Medicine,Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Papaioannou
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Giannis
- Department of Surgery, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY, U.S.A
| | - Maria Meitanidou
- 2 Propedeutical Department of Surgery, Hippokration Hospital, School of Medicine,Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Nikolaos Symeonidis
- 2 Propedeutical Department of Surgery, Hippokration Hospital, School of Medicine,Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Efstathios T Pavlidis
- 2 Propedeutical Department of Surgery, Hippokration Hospital, School of Medicine,Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Theodoros E Pavlidis
- 2 Propedeutical Department of Surgery, Hippokration Hospital, School of Medicine,Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Sapalidis
- 3 General Surgery Department, "AHEPA" University Hospital, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nada Mabrouk Ahmed
- Department of General and Endocrine Surgery, University College London Hospitals, London, U.K
- Department of Pathology, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Tarek Ezzat Abdel-Aziz
- Department of General and Endocrine Surgery, University College London Hospitals, London, U.K
| | - Mohammad M R Eddama
- Department of General and Endocrine Surgery, University College London Hospitals, London, U.K
- Research Department of Surgical Biotechnology, University College London, London, U.K
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3
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Jankovic Miljus J, Guillén-Sacoto MA, Makiadi-Alvarado J, Wert-Lamas L, Ramirez-Moya J, Robledo M, Santisteban P, Riesco-Eizaguirre G. Circulating MicroRNA Profiles as Potential Biomarkers for Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Recurrence. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:1280-1293. [PMID: 35022762 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) are emerging biomarkers of thyroid cancer. OBJECTIVE This study sought to identify the profile of circulating miRNAs and its response to human recombinant TSH (rhTSH) in thyroid cancer patients with recurrent/persistent disease. METHODS We obtained serum samples from 30 patients with differentiated thyroid cancer, 14 with recurrent/persistent disease and 16 with complete remission. We used next-generation sequencing to define the miRnomes along with a comprehensive quantitative PCR (qPCR) validation using 2 different platforms. We made a transversal study by comparing serum miRNA profiles of patients with or without recurrent/persistent disease and a longitudinal study looking at differences before and after rhTSH stimulation. Selected miRNAs were then studied in human thyroid cancer cell lines TPC-1, FTC-133, and OCUT-2 in response to TSH stimulation. RESULTS We could not demonstrate any consistent differences in serum profiles of known miRNAs between patients with and without recurrent/persistent disease or before and after rhTSH stimulation. However, our sequencing data revealed 2 putative novel miRNAs that rise with rhTSH stimulation in the serums of patients with recurrent/persistent disease. We further confirmed by qPCR the upregulation of these putative miRNAs both in serums and in TSH-stimulated cells. We also show miRNAs that are good candidates for housekeeping genes in the serum of patients independently of the levels of TSH. CONCLUSIONS The present study does not provide evidence that known miRNAs can be used as circulating markers for recurrence of thyroid cancer. However, we suggest that novel miRNA molecules may be related to thyroid cancer pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Jankovic Miljus
- Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy - INEP, University of Belgrade, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas -Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid E-28029Spain
| | | | - Jennifer Makiadi-Alvarado
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas -Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid E-28029Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - León Wert-Lamas
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas -Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid E-28029Spain
- Harvard Medical School, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Julia Ramirez-Moya
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas -Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid E-28029Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Robledo
- Hereditary Endocrine Cancer Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (Ciberer), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Pilar Santisteban
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas -Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid E-28029Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Garcilaso Riesco-Eizaguirre
- Hospital Universitario de Móstoles, Madrid E-28935, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Molecular Endocrinology Group, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid E-28223, Spain
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Curcumin Inhibits Papillary Thyroid Cancer Cell Proliferation by Regulating lncRNA LINC00691. Anal Cell Pathol 2022; 2022:5946670. [PMID: 35256924 PMCID: PMC8898135 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5946670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is a type of epithelial-derived differentiated TC that reportedly accounts for a majority of TCs. Curcumin, a polyphenolic compound and a member of the Zingiberaceae (ginger) family derived from turmeric plants, can exhibit anticancer effects. Herein, we aimed to investigate the effect of curcumin on PTC and elucidate underlying mechanisms. Accordingly, PTC B-CPAP cells were treated with curcumin, in combination with/without long noncoding RNA LINC00691 inhibition, to determine the effect of curcumin and its relationship with LINC00691 in PTC cells. We observed that curcumin treatment decreased B-CPAP cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis. Curcumin inhibited LINC00691 expression in B-CPAP cells. Curcumin administration or si-LINC00691 transfection alone promoted ATP levels, inhibited glucose uptake and lactic acid levels, and inhibited lactate dehydrogenase A and hexokinase 2 protein expression in B-CPAP cells, which were further enhanced by combination treatment. Moreover, curcumin administration or si-LINC00691 transfection alone inhibited p-Akt activity, further suppressed by combination treatment. Akt inhibition promoted apoptosis and suppressed the Warburg effect in B-CPAP cells. In conclusion, our findings indicate that curcumin promotes apoptosis and suppresses proliferation and the Warburg effect by inhibiting LINC00691 in B-CPAP cells. The precise molecular mechanism might be mediated through the Akt signaling pathway, providing a theoretical basis for the treatment of PTC with curcumin.
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Papaioannou M, Chorti AG, Chatzikyriakidou A, Giannoulis K, Bakkar S, Papavramidis TS. MicroRNAs in Papillary Thyroid Cancer: What Is New in Diagnosis and Treatment. Front Oncol 2022; 11:755097. [PMID: 35186709 PMCID: PMC8851242 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.755097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) accounts for up to 80% of thyroid malignancies. New diagnostic and therapeutic options are suggested including innovative molecular methods. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are nonprotein coding single-stranded RNAs that regulate many cell processes. The aim of the present study is to review the deregulated miRNAs associated with PTCs. Methods A bibliographic research was conducted, resulting in 272 articles referred to miRNAs and PTC. Regarding our exclusion criteria, 183 articles were finally included in our review. Results A remarkably large number of miRNAs have been found to be deregulated during PTC manifestation in the literature. The deregulated miRNAs are detected in tissue samples, serum/plasma, and FNA samples of patients with PTC. These miRNAs are related to several molecular pathways, involving genes and proteins responsible for important biological processes. MiRNA deregulation is associated with tumor aggressiveness, including larger tumor size, multifocality, extrathyroidal extension, lymphovascular invasion, lymph node and distant metastasis, and advanced tumor node metastasis stage. Conclusion MiRNAs are proposed as new diagnostic and therapeutic tools regarding PTC. They could be essential biomarkers for PTC diagnosis applied in serum and FNA samples, while their contribution to prognosis is of great importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Papaioannou
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Angeliki G. Chorti
- 1st Propedeutic Department of Surgery, American Hellenic Educational Progressive Association (AHEPA) University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anthoula Chatzikyriakidou
- Laboratory of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Kleanthis Giannoulis
- 1st Propedeutic Department of Surgery, American Hellenic Educational Progressive Association (AHEPA) University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Sohail Bakkar
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Theodosios S. Papavramidis
- 1st Propedeutic Department of Surgery, American Hellenic Educational Progressive Association (AHEPA) University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
- *Correspondence: Theodosios S. Papavramidis,
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6
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Jarboe T, Tuli NY, Chakraborty S, Maniyar RR, DeSouza N, Xiu-Min Li, Moscatello A, Geliebter J, Tiwari RK. Inflammatory Components of the Thyroid Cancer Microenvironment: An Avenue for Identification of Novel Biomarkers. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1350:1-31. [PMID: 34888842 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-83282-7_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of thyroid cancer in the United States is on the rise with an appreciably high disease recurrence rate of 20-30%. Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC), although rare in occurrence, is an aggressive form of cancer with limited treatment options and bleak cure rates. This chapter uses discussions of in vitro models that are representative of papillary, anaplastic, and follicular thyroid cancer to evaluate the crosstalk between specific cells of the tumor microenvironment (TME), which serves as a highly heterogeneous realm of signaling cascades and metabolism that are associated with tumorigenesis. The cellular constituents of the TME carry out varying characteristic immunomodulatory functions that are discussed throughout this chapter. The aforementioned cell types include cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), endothelial cells (ECs), and cancer stem cells (CSCs), as well as specific immune cells, including natural killer (NK) cells, dendritic cells (DCs), mast cells, T regulatory (Treg) cells, CD8+ T cells, and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). TAM-mediated inflammation is associated with a poor prognosis of thyroid cancer, and the molecular basis of the cellular crosstalk between macrophages and thyroid cancer cells with respect to inducing a metastatic phenotype is not yet known. The dynamic nature of the physiological transition to pathological metastatic phenotypes when establishing the TME encompasses a wide range of characteristics that are further explored within this chapter, including the roles of somatic mutations and epigenetic alterations that drive the genetic heterogeneity of cancer cells, allowing for selective advantages that aid in their proliferation. Induction of these proliferating cells is typically accomplished through inflammatory induction, whereby chronic inflammation sets up a constant physiological state of inflammatory cell recruitment. The secretions of these inflammatory cells can alter the genetic makeup of proliferating cells, which can in turn, promote tumor growth.This chapter also presents an in-depth analysis of molecular interactions within the TME, including secretory cytokines and exosomes. Since the exosomal cargo of a cell is a reflection and fingerprint of the originating parental cells, the profiling of exosomal miRNA derived from thyroid cancer cells and macrophages in the TME may serve as an important step in biomarker discovery. Identification of a distinct set of tumor suppressive miRNAs downregulated in ATC-secreted exosomes indicates their role in the regulation of tumor suppressive genes that may increase the metastatic propensity of ATC. Additionally, the high expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in studies looking at thyroid cancer and activated macrophage conditioned media suggests the existence of an inflammatory TME in thyroid cancer. New findings are suggestive of the presence of a metastatic niche in ATC tissues that is influenced by thyroid tumor microenvironment secretome-induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), mediated by a reciprocal interaction between the pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages and the thyroid cancer cells. Thus, targeting the metastatic thyroid carcinoma microenvironment could offer potential therapeutic benefits and should be explored further in preclinical and translational models of human metastatic thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Jarboe
- Departments of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Neha Y Tuli
- Departments of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Sanjukta Chakraborty
- Departments of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA.,Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rachana R Maniyar
- Departments of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA.,Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nicole DeSouza
- Departments of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Xiu-Min Li
- Departments of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | | | - Jan Geliebter
- Departments of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Raj K Tiwari
- Departments of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA.
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7
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Rogucki M, Buczyńska A, Krętowski AJ, Popławska-Kita A. The Importance of miRNA in the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Papillary Thyroid Cancer. J Clin Med 2021; 10:4738. [PMID: 34682861 PMCID: PMC8537372 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10204738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the global incidence of thyroid cancer has been increasing. Despite the significant progress in the diagnostic tools applied for papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) diagnosis, commonly used methods require undergoing invasive diagnostic procedures, such as liquid biopsy, which still, in some cases, remains imprecise. In this case, novel screening and diagnostic biomarkers are still being evaluated using highly specialized techniques, which could increase PTC detection. Currently, a number of genes and proteins associated with PTC development are currently under investigation to assess their clinical utility. Accordingly, a literature search was undertaken to collect novel information about the diagnosis of and prognosis for PTC with a particular emphasis on the role of microRNA (miRNA) evaluation. The early identification of novel biomarkers is essential for facilitating appropriate therapeutic decisions. Moreover, the evaluation of plasma- and serum-derived miRNA measurements could be considered as equivalent thyroid cancer screening tools in the future. On the other hand, the PTC pathogenesis could be evaluated further with the use of miRNA evaluation, which may bring novel insights for potential medical target determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Rogucki
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (A.J.K.); (A.P.-K.)
| | - Angelika Buczyńska
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Adam Jacek Krętowski
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (A.J.K.); (A.P.-K.)
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Anna Popławska-Kita
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (A.J.K.); (A.P.-K.)
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Rood K, Begum K, Wang H, Wangworawat YC, Davis R, Yamauchi CR, Perez MC, Simental AA, Laxa RT, Wang C, Roy S, Khan S. Differential Expression of Non-Coding RNA Signatures in Thyroid Cancer between Two Ethnic Groups. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 28:3610-3628. [PMID: 34590612 PMCID: PMC8482137 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol28050309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Filipino Americans show higher thyroid cancer recurrence rates compared to European Americans. Although they are likely to die of this malignancy, the molecular mechanism has not yet been determined. Recent studies demonstrated that small non-coding RNAs could be utilized to assess thyroid cancer prognosis in tumor models. The goal of this study is to determine whether microRNA (miRNA) signatures are differentially expressed in thyroid cancer in two different ethnic groups. We also determined whether these miRNA signatures are related to cancer staging. This is a retrospective study of archival samples from patients with thyroid cancer (both sexes) in the pathology division from the last ten years at Loma Linda University School of Medicine, California. Deidentified patient demographics were extracted from the patient chart. Discarded formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues were collected post-surgeries. We determined the differential expressions of microRNA in archival samples from Filipino Americans compared to European Americans using the state-of-the-art technique, HiSeq4000. By ingenuity pathway analysis, we determined miRNA targets and the pathways that those targets are involved in. We validated their expressions by real-time quantitative PCR and correlated them with the clinicopathological status in a larger cohort of miRNA samples from both ethnicities. We identified the differentially upregulated/downregulated miRNA clusters in Filipino Americans compared to European Americans. Some of these miRNA clusters are known to target genes that are linked to cancer invasion and metastasis. In univariate analysis, ethnicity and tumor staging were significant factors predicting miR-4633-5p upregulation. When including these factors in a multivariate logistic regression model, ethnicity and tumor staging remained significant independent predictors of miRNA upregulation, whereas the interaction of ethnicity and tumor staging was not significant. In contrast, ethnicity remained an independent predictor of significantly downregulated miR-491-5p and let-7 family. We provide evidence that Filipino Americans showed differentially expressed tumor-tissue-derived microRNA clusters. The functional implications of these miRNAs are under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristiana Rood
- Division of Biochemistry, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (K.R.); (H.W.); (R.D.); (C.R.Y.); (R.T.L.)
- Center for Health Disparities & Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Khodeza Begum
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA;
- Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Hanmin Wang
- Division of Biochemistry, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (K.R.); (H.W.); (R.D.); (C.R.Y.); (R.T.L.)
| | - Yan C. Wangworawat
- Department of Pathology & Human Anatomy, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (Y.C.W.); (M.C.P.)
| | - Ryan Davis
- Division of Biochemistry, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (K.R.); (H.W.); (R.D.); (C.R.Y.); (R.T.L.)
- Division of Otolaryngology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA;
| | - Celina R. Yamauchi
- Division of Biochemistry, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (K.R.); (H.W.); (R.D.); (C.R.Y.); (R.T.L.)
- Division of Otolaryngology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA;
| | - Mia C. Perez
- Department of Pathology & Human Anatomy, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (Y.C.W.); (M.C.P.)
- Division of Otolaryngology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA;
| | - Alfred A. Simental
- Division of Otolaryngology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA;
| | - Ria T. Laxa
- Division of Biochemistry, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (K.R.); (H.W.); (R.D.); (C.R.Y.); (R.T.L.)
- Division of Otolaryngology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA;
| | - Charles Wang
- Center for Genomics, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA;
| | - Sourav Roy
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA;
- Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
- Correspondence: (S.R.); (S.K.)
| | - Salma Khan
- Division of Biochemistry, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (K.R.); (H.W.); (R.D.); (C.R.Y.); (R.T.L.)
- Center for Health Disparities & Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
- Division of Otolaryngology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
- Correspondence: (S.R.); (S.K.)
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Translational Utility of Liquid Biopsies in Thyroid Cancer Management. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143443. [PMID: 34298656 PMCID: PMC8306718 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid biopsies are a novel technique to assess for either circulating tumor cells (CTC) or circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA and microRNA (miRNA)) in peripheral blood samples of cancer patients. The diagnostic role of liquid biopsy in oncology has expanded in recent years, particularly in lung, colorectal and breast cancer. In thyroid cancer, the role of liquid biopsy in either diagnosis or prognosis is beginning to translate from the lab to the clinic. In this review, we describe the evolution of liquid biopsies in detecting CTC, ctDNA and miRNA in thyroid cancer patients, together with its limitations and future directions in clinical practice.
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A three-microRNA panel in serum as novel biomarker for papillary thyroid carcinoma diagnosis. Chin Med J (Engl) 2021; 133:2543-2551. [PMID: 33009019 PMCID: PMC7722608 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000001107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Accumulating evidence has revealed that circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) can serve as non-invasive biomarkers for cancer diagnosis. This study aimed to identify differentially expressed miRNAs in serum which might become potential biomarkers for non-invasive diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Methods The experiment was carried out between 2015 and 2017. In the screening stage, the Exiqon miRNA quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) panel was applied to select candidate miRNAs. In the following training, testing, and external validation stages, the serum samples of 100 patients and 96 healthy controls (HCs) were analyzed to compare the expression levels of the identified miRNAs. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) were calculated to assess the diagnostic value of the identified signature. Results Three miRNAs (miR-25-3p, miR-296-5p, and miR-92a-3p) in serum were consistently up-regulated in PTC patients compared with HCs. A three-miRNA panel was constructed by logistic regression analysis and showed better diagnostic performance than a single miRNA for PTC detection. The AUCs of the panel were 0.727, 0.771, and 0.862 for the training, testing, and external validation stage, respectively. Meanwhile, the panel showed stable capability in differentiating PTC patients from patients with benign goiters, with an AUC as high as 0.969. For further exploration, the three identified miRNAs were analyzed in tissue samples (23 PTC vs. 23 HCs) and serum-derived exosomes samples (24 PTC vs. 24 HCs), and the altered expression in the tumor also indicated their close relationship with PTC disease. Conclusion We identify a three-miRNA panel in serum which might serve as a promising biomarker for PTC diagnosis.
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Yang T, Wang L, Zhang Y, Zheng J, Liu L. MicroRNA-451a plays a role in polycystic ovary syndrome by regulating ovarian granulosa cell proliferation and apoptosis. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:583. [PMID: 33850555 PMCID: PMC8027723 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate whether microRNA (miR)-451a plays a role in polycystic ovary syndrome by regulating the biological function of ovarian granulosa cells and investigate the underlying molecular mechanism. In the present study, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis detected markedly low expression of miR-451a in KGN cells. TargetScan predicted that cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-2 (ATF2) was a potential target gene of miR-451a, which was confirmed by a Dual-Luciferase reporter gene assay. Moreover, western blotting and RT-qPCR experiments indicated that ATF2 was significantly overexpressed in KGN cells. In addition, western blotting and RT-qPCR experiments were utilized to assess cell transfection efficiency, and it was found that miR-451a mimic significantly increased miR-451a expression in KGN cells. Subsequently, MTT assay was performed to detect cell proliferation and flow cytometry was utilized to detect cell apoptosis. Western blot and RT-qPCR assays were utilized to assess the protein and mRNA expression of ATF2 and cyclin D1. The results confirmed that miR-451a mimic significantly decreased ATF2 protein and mRNA expression in KGN cells, and this decrease was reversed by ATF2-plasmid co-transfection. Moreover, miR-451a mimic inhibited cell proliferation, enhanced cell apoptosis, reduced cyclin D1 expression, increased caspase-3 activity and cleaved caspase-3 protein levels, while it reduced pro-caspase 3 protein levels in KGN cells, and these effects were significantly reversed by ATF2-plasmid. The present preliminary results demonstrated that miR-451a regulated the proliferation and apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cells by targeting ATF2. Thus, the miR-451a/ATF2 axis may be a new potential target for the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianjin Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121000, P.R. China
| | - Lie Wang
- Reproductive Center, Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121000, P.R. China
| | - Jindan Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121000, P.R. China
| | - Lili Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121000, P.R. China
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Li Z, Li LX, Diao YJ, Wang J, Ye Y, Hao XK. Identification of Urinary Exosomal miRNAs for the Non-Invasive Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:25-35. [PMID: 33442291 PMCID: PMC7797303 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s272140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Novel and non-invasive biomarkers with higher sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa) is urgently needed. In this study, we used next-generation sequencing (NGS) to characterize the genome-wide exosomal miRNA expression profiling in urine specimens and explored the diagnostic potential of urinary exosomal miRNAs for PCa. Methods Urinary exosomal microRNA expression profiling was performed by next-generation sequencing (NGS) and then validated by quantitative real-time PCR. Results Significant downregulation of urinary exosomal miR-375 was observed in PCa patients compared with healthy controls, while the expression levels of urinary exosomal miR-451a, miR-486-3p and miR-486-5p were found to be significantly up-regulated in the PCa patients. Furthermore, the expression level of urinary exosomal miR-375 showed a significant correlation with the clinical T-stage and bone metastasis of patients with PCa (P<0.05). Receiver operator characteristic curve demonstrated that the urinary exosomal miR-375, miR-451a, miR-486-3p and miR-486-5p levels can be used to differentiate PCa patients from healthy controls, with area under the curves (AUCs) of 0.788, 0.757, 0.704 and 0.796, respectively. The urinary exosomal miR-375 was found to be superior in discriminating between localized and metastatic PCa with an AUC of 0.806. Moreover, PCa patients can be distinguished from patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia by using a panel combining urinary exosomal miR-375 and miR-451a with an AUC of 0.726. Conclusion These findings demonstrate that the urinary exosomal miRNAs can serve as novel and non-invasive biomarkers for diagnosing and predicting the progression of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710077, People's Republic of China.,The National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, People's Republic of China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - La-Xiu Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, People's Republic of China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xi'an Fourth Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Jun Diao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Ye
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710077, People's Republic of China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ke Hao
- The National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, People's Republic of China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, People's Republic of China.,School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, People's Republic of China
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Beylerli O, Beeraka NM, Gareev I, Pavlov V, Yang G, Liang Y, Aliev G. MiRNAs as Noninvasive Biomarkers and Therapeutic Agents of Pituitary Adenomas. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7287. [PMID: 33023145 PMCID: PMC7583927 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pituitary adenoma (PA) accounts for 10-15% of all intracranial neoplasms. Even though most pituitary adenomas are benign, it is known that almost 35% of them exhibit an aggressive clinical course, including rapid proliferative activity and invasion of neighboring tissues. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short single-stranded RNA molecules that can influence post-transcriptional regulation by controlling target genes. Based on research data on miRNAs over the past 20 years, more than 60% of genes encoding human proteins are regulated by miRNAs, which ultimately control basic cellular mechanisms, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Dysregulation of miRNAs has been observed in a number of diseases, especially tumors like PA. A majority of miRNAs are expressed within the cells themselves. However, the circulating miRNAs can be detected in several biological fluids of the human body. The identification of circulating miRNAs as new molecular markers may increase the ability to detect a tumor, predict the course of a disease, plan to choose suitable treatment, and diagnose at the earliest signs of impending neoplastic transformation. Therapy of PAs with aggressive behavior is a complex task. When surgery and chemotherapy fail, radiotherapy becomes the treatment of choice against PAs. Therefore, the possibility of implementing circulating miRNAs as innovative diagnostic and therapeutic agents for PA is one of the main exciting ideas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozal Beylerli
- Central Research Laboratory, Bashkir State Medical University, 450008 Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia; (O.B.); (I.G.); (V.P.)
| | - Narasimha M. Beeraka
- Department of Biochemistry, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, CEMR lab, DST-FIST Supported Department and Center, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India;
| | - Ilgiz Gareev
- Central Research Laboratory, Bashkir State Medical University, 450008 Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia; (O.B.); (I.G.); (V.P.)
| | - Valentin Pavlov
- Central Research Laboratory, Bashkir State Medical University, 450008 Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia; (O.B.); (I.G.); (V.P.)
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China;
- Institute of Brain Science, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yanchao Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China;
- Institute of Brain Science, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Gjumrakch Aliev
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University Sechenov University, 119146 Moscow, Russia
- Research Institute of Human Morphology, Russian Academy of Medical Science, 117418 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432 Moscow, Russia
- GALLY International Research Institute, 7733 Louis Pasteur Drive, #330, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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Liu L, Yan C, Tao S, Wang H. Circ_0058124 Aggravates the Progression of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma by Activating LMO4 Expression via Targeting miR-370-3p. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:9459-9470. [PMID: 33061633 PMCID: PMC7534870 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s271778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Thyroid cancer is the most common malignant tumor in the endocrine system. Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) accounts for the vast majority of cases in this cancer. Recently, the vital role of circular RNA (circRNA) has been acknowledged in various cancers, and this study aimed to investigate the role of circ_0058124 and related mechanism of its action in PTC. Materials and Methods The expression of circ_0058124, miR-370-3p and LIM domain only (LMO4) was detected by qRT-PCR in tissue samples (PTC tissues or normal tissues, n=20) and cell lines (non-cancer cell line, Nthy-ori 3–1, and PTC cell lines, IHH-4 and TPC-1). For functional analysis, cell proliferation was investigated using CCK-8 assay and colony formation assay. Cell migration and invasion were determined using transwell assay, and cell migration was also assessed by wound healing assay. Cell apoptosis was monitored by flow cytometry assay. For mechanism analysis, the interaction between miR-370-3p and circ_0058124 or LMO4 predicted by the bioinformatics analysis was validated by dual-luciferase reporter assay or RIP assay. The effect of circ_0058124 on tumor growth in vivo was identified by establishing the Xenograft model. Results The expression of circ_0058124 was enhanced in PTC tissues and cells. Circ_0058124 knockdown inhibited viability, colony formation, migration and invasion and promoted apoptosis of PTC cells. Besides, circ_0058124 knockdown also blocked tumor growth in vivo. miR-370-3p was a target of circ_0058124, and circ_0058124 regulated the expression of LMO4, a target of miR-370-3p, by targeting miR-370-3p. Rescue experiments presented that miR-370-3p inhibition reversed the inhibitory effects of circ_0058124 knockdown on PTC development, and LMO4 overexpression reversed the effect of miR-370-3p restoration on PTC development. Conclusion Circ_0058124 promoted the development of PTC by mediating the miR-370-3p/LMO4 axis, and circ_0058124, functioned as an oncogene in PTC, might be used as a promising biomarker for PTC diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaohui Yan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Shudong Tao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Hailing Wang
- Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Ultrasonography, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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Kövesdi A, Kurucz PA, Nyírő G, Darvasi O, Patócs A, Butz H. Circulating miRNA Increases the Diagnostic Accuracy of Chromogranin A in Metastatic Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092488. [PMID: 32887459 PMCID: PMC7565801 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Despite its varying sensitivity and decreased specificity, chromogranin A (CgA) is the most widely used biomarker for neuroendocrine tumors. The most common factor affecting its diagnostic accuracy is the use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). Our aim was to investigate circulating miRNA expression profiles in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNET) and pheochromocytomas/paragangliomas (PPGL) to find miRNAs which could be used as biomarkers along with CgA in these patients. MiRNA expression profiles were determined with next generation sequencing and validated by quantitative real time PCR in 74 samples obtained from patients and healthy volunteers treated with PPI. We observed a global downregulation of miRNAs in NET compared to controls. A set of miRNAs in combination with CgA resulted in the best discrimination of pNET irrespective of PPI treatment and a combination of miRNAs increased the diagnostic utility of CgA even in pNET patients with low CgA. Abstract Chromogranin A (CgA) is the most widely accepted biomarker for neuroendocrine tumors (NET) but its diagnostic accuracy is dependent on tumor type and the use of proton-pump inhibitors (PPI). We investigated the diagnostic value of circulating miRNAs along with CgA in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNET). 74 serum samples from patients with pNET (n = 25, nonfunctioning), pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma (PPGL, n = 20), healthy individuals with normal CgA (n = 29) including 10 samples from 5 healthy individuals with and without current PPI treatment were collected. MiRNA expression profiles were determined using next-generation sequencing, followed by validation with individual TaqMan assays. A global downregulation of miRNAs was observed in patients with NET compared to controls. MiRNA expression of 33 miRNAs was able to discriminate tumor samples from controls. No miRNA alone could be considered as an applicable biomarker for pNET or PPGL. However, using a logistic model, the combination of a set of miRNAs increased the discriminatory role of CgA irrespective of PPI treatment. In pNET patients with normal CgA level our regression model yielded high (89.4%) diagnostic accuracy (AUC: 0.904, sensitivity: 66.6%, specificity: 96.5%). A set of miRNAs increased the diagnostic utility of CgA in pNET even in patients with low CgA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamária Kövesdi
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1088 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Petra Anna Kurucz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary; (P.A.K.); (H.B.)
| | - Gábor Nyírő
- Molecular Medicine Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, 1088 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Ottó Darvasi
- Hereditary Tumours Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Attila Patócs
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary; (P.A.K.); (H.B.)
- Hereditary Tumours Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary;
- Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Oncology, 1122 Budapest, Hungary
- Correspondence:
| | - Henriett Butz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary; (P.A.K.); (H.B.)
- Hereditary Tumours Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary;
- Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Oncology, 1122 Budapest, Hungary
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Yu Q, Sun W, Hua H, Chi Y, Liu X, Dong A, Sun Y, Zhang J, Guan G. Downregulation of miR-140 is Correlated with Poor Prognosis and Progression of Thyroid Cancer. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2020; 21:749-755. [PMID: 32713344 DOI: 10.2174/1871530320666200724180742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of thyroid cancer is increasing rapidly and there is an urgent need to explore novel therapeutic targets for thyroid cancer. MiR-140 has been reported to affect the progression of various cancers, which makes it possible to play a role in thyroid cancer. This study aimed to investigate the expression and role of miR-140 in thyroid cancer. METHODS The expression of miR-140 was investigated by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in thyroid cancer tissues and cell lines. The prognostic value of miR- 140 in thyroid cancer was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier survival and Cox regression. Moreover, the effects of miR-140 on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of thyroid cancer were investigated by CCK-8 and Transwell assay. RESULTS MiR-140 was downregulated in thyroid cancer tissues and cells, which correlated with TNM stage and lymph node metastasis of patients. Patients with low miR-140 expression had a shorter survival time compared with that in patients with high miR-140 expression. Furthermore, miR-140 acts as an independent factor for the prognosis of thyroid cancer. Overexpression of miR-140 inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of thyroid cancer. CONCLUSION MiR-140 can serve as a potential prognostic factor for patients with thyroid cancer and suppress the progression of thyroid cancer, which provides new insight for the therapeutic target for thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Yu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Wenhai Sun
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Hui Hua
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Yulian Chi
- Medical Record Management Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xiaomin Liu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Anbing Dong
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Yinghe Sun
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Ge Guan
- Hepatic Disease Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
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The value of circulating microRNAs for early diagnosis of B-cell lymphoma: A case-control study on historical samples. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9637. [PMID: 32541886 PMCID: PMC7295742 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66062-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are small regulatory RNAs that are deregulated in a wide variety of human cancers, including different types of B-cell lymphoma. Nevertheless, the feasibility of circulating microRNA for early diagnosis of B-cell lymphoma has not been established. To address the possibility of detecting specific circulating microRNAs years before a B-cell lymphoma is diagnosed, we studied the plasma expression of microRNA first in pre-treatment samples from patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and subsequently in repository samples from blood donors who later developed B-cell lymphomas. In addition, we studied the microRNA expression in the diagnostic lymphoma biopsy. The most strongly induced (miR-326) and suppressed (miR-375) plasma microRNA at diagnosis, when compared with healthy blood donors, were also substantially up- or down-regulated in plasma repository samples taken from several months to up to two years before the blood donors were diagnosed with B-cell lymphoma. Importantly, at these time points the donors had no signs of disease and felt healthy enough to donate blood. In conclusion, this first study of plasma microRNA profiles from apparently healthy individuals, taken several years before B-cell lymphoma diagnosis, suggests that plasma microRNA profiles may be predictive of lymphoma development.
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Differential MicroRNA-Signatures in Thyroid Cancer Subtypes. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2020; 2020:2052396. [PMID: 32565797 PMCID: PMC7290866 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2052396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is one of the most common endocrine cancers, with an increasing trend in the last few decades. Although papillary thyroid cancer is the most frequent subtype compared with follicular or anaplastic thyroid cancer, it can dedifferentiate to a more aggressive phenotype, and the recurrence rate is high. The cells of follicular adenomas and follicular carcinomas appear identical in cytology, making the preoperative diagnosis difficult. On the other hand, anaplastic thyroid cancer poses a significant clinical challenge due to its aggressive nature with no effective therapeutic options. In the past several years, the roles of genetic alterations of thyroid tumors have been documented, with a remarkable correlation between genotype and phenotype, indicating that distinct molecular changes are associated with a multistep tumorigenic process. Besides mRNA expression profiles, small noncoding microRNA (miRNA) expression also showed critical functions for cell differentiation, proliferation, angiogenesis, and resistance to apoptosis and finally activating invasion and metastasis in cancer. Several high-throughput sequencing studies demonstrate that miRNA expression signatures contribute clinically relevant information including types of thyroid cancer, tumor grade, and prognosis. This review summarizes recent findings on miRNA signatures in thyroid cancer subtypes.
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Liang M, Yu S, Tang S, Bai L, Cheng J, Gu Y, Li S, Zheng X, Duan L, Wang L, Zhang Y, Huang X. A Panel of Plasma Exosomal miRNAs as Potential Biomarkers for Differential Diagnosis of Thyroid Nodules. Front Genet 2020; 11:449. [PMID: 32508877 PMCID: PMC7248304 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: A liquid biopsy using circulating exosomal genetic materials provides new insights for thyroid cancer diagnosis. This study aimed to identify plasma-derived exosomal biomarkers that could be used for early detection of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Method: Exosomal miRNAs in plasma were isolated from patients with benign thyroid nodules and patients with PTC. Profiling of exosomal miRNA was performed using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to identify miRNA candidates and differentiate the benign from malignant. The validation cohort consisted of 30 patients with benign thyroid nodules, 35 PTC patients, and 31 healthy individuals. Real-time PCR was used to quantify the expression of miRNA candidates. The diagnostic potential of the candidates was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Results: After RNA-seq, eight plasma exosomal miRNAs were selected as candidates. Further validation indicated that the levels of exosomal miR-16-2-3p, miR-223-5p, miR-34c-5p, miR-182-5p, miR-223-3p, and miR-146b-5p were significantly lower in nodules compared to healthy controls (p < 0.0001), whereas miR-16-2-3p and miR-223-5p were significantly higher in the PTC cases than in those with benign nodules (p < 0.05). ROC analyses revealed that the above six miRNAs were potent indicators for detection of thyroid nodules. Meanwhile, miR-16-2-3p and miR-223-5p can be utilized for detecting PTC from benign nodules. Additionally, combined miRNA panels showed increased diagnostic sensitivities and specificities compared to single miRNA markers. Conclusion: Six aberrantly expressed plasma exosomal miRNAs may be used as diagnostic biomarkers to differentiate thyroid nodules from healthy individuals. The panel consisting of miR-16-2-3p, miR-223-5p, miR-101-3p, and miR-34c-5p are eligible for discriminating benign from malignant thyroid nodules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihua Liang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Siming Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Drug Clinical Trails Institution, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuli Tang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Lu Bai
- Biotherapy Center, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Jianan Cheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Yuanlong Gu
- Hematology Oncology, Taizhou Municipal Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lian Duan
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Yanqiao Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoyi Huang
- Biotherapy Center, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
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Farzadfard E, Kalantari T, Tamaddon G. Serum Expression of Seven MicroRNAs in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Patients. J Blood Med 2020; 11:97-102. [PMID: 32210655 PMCID: PMC7075349 DOI: 10.2147/jbm.s230842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE MicroRNAs are small single-strand noncoding RNAs that can be deregulated in a variety of cancers. Over the past few years, multiple markers have been discovered in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Among these, miRNAs seem to have important roles in the pathogenesis of CLL. The development and validation of miRNA-expression patterns as biomarkers should have a significant impact in cancer diagnosis, therapeutic success, and increasing the life expectancy of patients. In this study, to specify the utility of circulatory miRNA expression as noninvasive and useful biomarkers for CLL, we analyzed the dysregulation of seven miRNAs: miR30d, miR25-3p, miR19a-3p, miR133b, miR451a, miR145, and miR144 in CLL-patient sera. METHODS Thirty untreated patients with flow-cytometry confirmation of CLL were chosen. Serum samples were collected from 30 newly diagnosed CLL patients. Fifteen healthy samples were taken for comparison as controls. RNA was extracted using Trizol. RNA from CLL patient specimens was compared to controls with real-time PCR. RESULTS Seven miRNAs were differently expressed between CLL and normal specimens using the comparative 2-ΔΔCt method. miRNAs 133b, 25-3p, 451a, 145, 19a-3p, and 144 were overexpressed in sera obtained from CLL patients, and miRNA-30d was underexpressed in patient samples. Among these seven miRNAs, miR19a-3p and miR25-3p showed the most deregulation in CLL patients. CONCLUSION Real-time PCR is an applied means to perform high-throughput investigation of serum-RNA samples. We assessed the expression of seven miRNAs in CLL patients by this method. The results demonstrated that the use of miRNA-expression profiling may have an impressive role in the diagnosis of CLL. In addition, miRNA 19a-3p and 25-3p are known oncogenes with therapeutic and potential biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Farzadfard
- School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Tahereh Kalantari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Gholamhossein Tamaddon
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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21
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Perdas E, Stawski R, Kaczka K, Zubrzycka M. Analysis of Let-7 Family miRNA in Plasma as Potential Predictive Biomarkers of Diagnosis for Papillary Thyroid Cancer. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10030130. [PMID: 32121086 PMCID: PMC7151036 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10030130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The most common histological type of thyroid cancer is papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Radical resection of the thyroid gland is currently the recommended method of treatment. Almost 75% of thyroidectomies performed just for diagnostic purposes are benign. Thus, the confirmation of innovative and more precise noninvasive biomarkers holds promise for the detection of PTC, which may decrease the number of unnecessary thyroid lobectomies. In this work, using the droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) method, we have analyzed the level of five miRNAs (let-7a, let-7c, let-7d, let-7f, and let-7i) in the plasma of patients with PTC and compared them with those of a healthy control group to investigate whether miRNAs also have value in the management of PTC. Levels of four miRNAs, namely let-7a, let-7c, let-7d, and let-7f, were significantly higher in PTC patients than healthy controls. Thus, the analysis of circulating let-7 can be a useful tool and support the currently used methods for PTC diagnosis. However, our observation requires further research on a larger patient group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Perdas
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (E.P.)
| | - Robert Stawski
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-422-725-956
| | - Krzysztof Kaczka
- Department of General and Oncological Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Maria Zubrzycka
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (E.P.)
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22
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Pagacz K, Kucharski P, Smyczynska U, Grabia S, Chowdhury D, Fendler W. A systemic approach to screening high-throughput RT-qPCR data for a suitable set of reference circulating miRNAs. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:111. [PMID: 32005151 PMCID: PMC6995162 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-6530-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The consensus on how to choose a reference gene for serum or plasma miRNA expression qPCR studies has not been reached and none of the potential candidates have yet been convincingly validated. We proposed a new in silico approach of finding a suitable reference for human, circulating miRNAs and identified a new set of endogenous reference miRNA based on miRNA profiling experiments from Gene Expression Omnibus. We used 3 known normalization algorithms (NormFinder, BestKeeper, GeNorm) to calculate a new normalization score. We searched for a universal set of endogenous miRNAs and validated our findings on 2 new datasets using our approach. Results We discovered and validated a set of 13 miRNAs (miR-222, miR-92a, miR-27a, miR-17, miR-24, miR-320a, miR-25, miR-126, miR-19b, miR-199a-3p, miR-30b, miR-30c, miR-374a) that can be used to create a reliable reference combination of 3 miRNAs. We showed that on average the mean of 3 miRNAs (p = 0.0002) and 2 miRNAs (p = 0.0031) were a better reference than single miRNA. The arithmetic means of 3 miRNAs: miR-24, miR-222 and miR-27a was shown to be the most stable combination of 3 miRNAs in validation sets. Conclusions No single miRNA was suitable as a universal reference in serum miRNA qPCR profiling, but it was possible to designate a set of miRNAs, which consistently contributed to most stable combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Pagacz
- Department of Biostatistics and Translational Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.,Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Przemyslaw Kucharski
- Department of Biostatistics and Translational Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.,Institute of Applied Computer Science, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Urszula Smyczynska
- Department of Biostatistics and Translational Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Szymon Grabia
- Department of Biostatistics and Translational Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.,Institute of Applied Computer Science, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Wojciech Fendler
- Department of Biostatistics and Translational Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland. .,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
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23
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Fan X, Zhao Y. miR-451a inhibits cancer growth, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and induces apoptosis in papillary thyroid cancer by targeting PSMB8. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:8067-8075. [PMID: 31559672 PMCID: PMC6850967 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the increasing incidence of papillary thyroid cancer in the past decade, the molecular mechanism underlying its progression remains unknown. Several studies have reported down-regulation of miR-451a or circular miR-451a in papillary thyroid cancer cell lines or patients. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unknown. In this study, we found that overexpression of miR-451a could inhibit proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and induce apoptosis in papillary thyroid cancer cells. Proteasome subunit beta type-8 was predicted to be a direct target of miR-451a and was validated with a luciferase reporter assay. Further functional assays showed that miR-451a could inhibit thyroid cancer progression by targeting proteasome subunit beta type-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlong Fan
- Second Ward of Head & Neck Surgery, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute (Cancer Hospital of China Medical University), Shenyang, China
| | - Yuejiao Zhao
- Second Ward of Head & Neck Surgery, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute (Cancer Hospital of China Medical University), Shenyang, China
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24
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Pardini B, Sabo AA, Birolo G, Calin GA. Noncoding RNAs in Extracellular Fluids as Cancer Biomarkers: The New Frontier of Liquid Biopsies. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1170. [PMID: 31416190 PMCID: PMC6721601 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11081170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The last two decades of cancer research have been devoted in two directions: (1) understanding the mechanism of carcinogenesis for an effective treatment, and (2) improving cancer prevention and screening for early detection of the disease. This last aspect has been developed, especially for certain types of cancers, thanks also to the introduction of new concepts such as liquid biopsies and precision medicine. In this context, there is a growing interest in the application of alternative and noninvasive methodologies to search for cancer biomarkers. The new frontiers of the research lead to a search for RNA molecules circulating in body fluids. Searching for biomarkers in extracellular body fluids represents a better option for patients because they are easier to access, less painful, and potentially more economical. Moreover, the possibility for these types of samples to be taken repeatedly, allows a better monitoring of the disease progression or treatment efficacy for a better intervention and dynamic treatment of the patient, which is the fundamental basis of personalized medicine. RNA molecules, freely circulating in body fluids or packed in microvesicles, have all the characteristics of the ideal biomarkers owing to their high stability under storage and handling conditions and being able to be sampled several times for monitoring. Moreover, as demonstrated for many cancers, their plasma/serum levels mirror those in the primary tumor. There are a large variety of RNA species noncoding for proteins that could be used as cancer biomarkers in liquid biopsies. Among them, the most studied are microRNAs, but recently the attention of the researcher has been also directed towards Piwi-interacting RNAs, circular RNAs, and other small noncoding RNAs. Another class of RNA species, the long noncoding RNAs, is larger than microRNAs and represents a very versatile and promising group of molecules which, apart from their use as biomarkers, have also a possible therapeutic role. In this review, we will give an overview of the most common noncoding RNA species detectable in extracellular fluids and will provide an update concerning the situation of the research on these molecules as cancer biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Pardini
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy.
- Unit of Molecular Epidemiology and Exposome, Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), 10126 Turin, Italy.
| | - Alexandru Anton Sabo
- Department of Pediatrics, Marie Curie Emergency Clinical Hospital for Children, 077120 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Giovanni Birolo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
- Unit of Molecular Epidemiology and Exposome, Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - George Adrian Calin
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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25
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Abdullah MI, Junit SM, Ng KL, Jayapalan JJ, Karikalan B, Hashim OH. Papillary Thyroid Cancer: Genetic Alterations and Molecular Biomarker Investigations. Int J Med Sci 2019; 16:450-460. [PMID: 30911279 PMCID: PMC6428975 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.29935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is the most prevalent form of malignancy among all cancers of the thyroid. It is also one of the few cancers with a rapidly increasing incidence. PTC is usually contained within the thyroid gland and generally biologically indolent. Prognosis of the cancer is excellent, with less than 2% mortality at 5 years. However, more than 25% of patients with PTC developed a recurrence during a long term follow-up. The present article provides an updated condensed overview of PTC, which focuses mainly on the molecular alterations involved and recent biomarker investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mardiaty Iryani Abdullah
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Biomedical Science, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Sarni Mat Junit
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Khoon Leong Ng
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jaime Jacqueline Jayapalan
- University of Malaya Centre for Proteomics Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Barani Karikalan
- Perdana University, Jalan MAEPS Perdana, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Onn Haji Hashim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,University of Malaya Centre for Proteomics Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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26
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Caglar O, Cayir A. Total circulating cell-free miRNA in plasma as a predictive biomarker of the thyroid diseases. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:9016-9022. [PMID: 30506793 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid cancer is a common endocrine cancer. Great progress has been made in resolving its molecular mechanisms in recent years. The molecular changes observed in thyroid cancer can be used as biomarkers for diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic purposes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important components in biological and metabolic pathways, such as developmental stages, signal transduction, cell maintenance, and differentiation. Hence, their malfunctioning can expose humans to malignancies. miRNA expressions have been shown to be dysregulated in different tumor types, like thyroid cancer, and may cause tumor initiation and progression. In previous studies, only cancer has been studied, and miRNA has been detected from the tissues in all the studies performed. In this study, we have focused on thyroid diseases such as bening nodules and Hashimoto's disease, which might be the cause of thyroid cancer, and have carried out miRNA tests in the blood samples taken from the arms thyroid patients. MATERIAL AND METHOD The present study was conducted on the blood samples of 100 thyroid patients. Of the 100 patients in our study, 33 consisted of patients with thyroiditis, while 37 patients were diagnosed with benign thyroid nodules and 30 patients had thyroid cancer. For the control group, 18 patients were included. The plasma samples were analyzed, and the total miRNA levels were determined. RESULTS We found that the ccf-miRNA amount of benign patients is significantly lower than that of the controls. Similarly, the miRNA amount in the controls is significantly higher than that of the thyroiditis (P = 0.06) and the malign groups miRNA (P = 0.084). Although the present study has a low number of patients, the plasma samples could be used as a source of circulating miRNAs. In addition, the total miRNA of thyroid diseases could be used as a biomarker for different types of thyroid diseases. We could suggest, for future study, that specific miRNAs in bodily fluid might show specific properties to be used as biomarkers of thyroid diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozge Caglar
- Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Department, Medicine Faculty, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Turkey
| | - Akin Cayir
- Vocational Health College, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey.,Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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27
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Decmann A, Perge P, Nyíro G, Darvasi O, Likó I, Borka K, Micsik T, Tóth Z, Bancos I, Pezzani R, Iacobone M, Patócs A, Igaz P. MicroRNA Expression Profiling in Adrenal Myelolipoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 103:3522-3530. [PMID: 29982598 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-00817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adrenal myelolipoma (AML) is the second most common and invariably benign primary adrenal neoplasm. Due to the variable proportion of fat and hematopoietic elements and its often large size, it can cause differential diagnostic problems. Several reports confirmed the utility of miRNAs in the diagnosis of tumors, but miRNA expression in AML has not yet been investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Next-generation sequencing (NGS) was performed on 30 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) archived tissue samples [10 each of AML, adrenocortical adenoma (ACA), and adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC)]. Validation was performed by real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction on a cohort containing 41 further FFPE samples (15 AML, 14 ACA, and 12 ACC samples). Circulating miRNA counterparts of significantly differentially expressed tissue miRNAs were studied in 33 plasma samples (11 each of ACA, ACC, and AML). RESULTS By NGS, 256 significantly differentially expressed miRNAs were discovered, and 8 of these were chosen for validation. Significant overexpression of hsa-miR-451a, hsa-miR-486-5p, hsa-miR-363-3p, and hsa-miR-150-5p was confirmed in AML relative to ACA and ACC. hsa-miR-184, hsa-miR-483-5p, and hsa-miR-183-5p were significantly overexpressed in ACC relative to ACA but not to AML. Circulating hsa-miR-451a and hsa-miR-363-3p were significantly overexpressed in AML, whereas circulating hsa-miR-483-5p and hsa-miR-483-3p were only significantly overexpressed in ACC vs ACA. CONCLUSIONS We have found significantly differentially expressed miRNAs in AML and adrenocortical tumors. Circulating hsa-miR-451a might be a promising minimally invasive biomarker of AML. The lack of significantly different expression of hsa-miR-483-3p and hsa-miR-483-5p between AML and ACC might limit their applicability as diagnostic miRNA markers for ACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel Decmann
- Second Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Pál Perge
- Second Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Nyíro
- MTA-SE Molecular Medicine Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ottó Darvasi
- Hereditary Endocrine Tumors Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Likó
- Hereditary Endocrine Tumors Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Borka
- Second Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Micsik
- First Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Tóth
- Second Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Irina Bancos
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Raffaele Pezzani
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Maurizio Iacobone
- Minimally Invasive Endocrine Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DISCOG), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Attila Patócs
- Hereditary Endocrine Tumors Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Peter Igaz
- Second Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Molecular Medicine Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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28
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Sárközy M, Kahán Z, Csont T. A myriad of roles of miR-25 in health and disease. Oncotarget 2018; 9:21580-21612. [PMID: 29765562 PMCID: PMC5940376 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Small non-coding RNAs including microRNAs (miRNAs) have been recently recognized as important regulators of gene expression. MicroRNAs play myriads of roles in physiological processes as well as in the pathogenesis of a number of diseases by translational repression or mRNA destabilization of numerous target genes. The miR-106b-25 cluster is highly conserved in vertebrates and consists of three members including miR-106b, miR-93 and miR-25. MiR-106b and miR-93 share the same seed sequences; however, miR-25 has only a similar seed sequence resulting in different predicted target mRNAs. In this review, we specifically focus on the role of miR-25 in healthy and diseased conditions. Many of miR-25 target mRNAs are involved in biological processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration, apoptosis, oxidative stress, inflammation, calcium handling, etc. Therefore, it is no surprise that miR-25 has been reported as a key regulator of common cancerous and non-cancerous diseases. MiR-25 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of acute myocardial infarction, left ventricular hypertrophy, heart failure, diabetes mellitus, diabetic nephropathy, tubulointerstitial nephropathy, asthma bronchiale, cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, neurodegenerative diseases, schizophrenia, multiple sclerosis, etc. MiR-25 is also a well-described oncogenic miRNA playing a crucial role in the development of many tumor types including brain tumors, lung, breast, ovarian, prostate, thyroid, oesophageal, gastric, colorectal, hepatocellular cancers, etc. In this review, our aim is to discuss the translational therapeutic role of miR-25 in common diseased conditions based on relevant basic research and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márta Sárközy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Kahán
- Department of Oncotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tamás Csont
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
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29
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Cosar E, Mamillapalli R, Moridi I, Duleba A, Taylor HS. Serum MicroRNA Biomarkers Regulated by Simvastatin in a Primate Model of Endometriosis. Reprod Sci 2018; 26:1343-1350. [PMID: 29587611 DOI: 10.1177/1933719118765971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory and estrogen-dependent disease that causes pain and infertility in reproductive-aged women. Due to the delay in diagnosis, there is a pressing need for accurate biomarkers. Detection of serum noncoding RNA molecules such as microRNAs (miRNAs) shows promise as a noninvasive diagnostic strategy; we previously identified miRNAs that are highly sensitive and specific biomarkers for the disease. In this study, we investigate the expression of these miRNAs in a nonhuman primate model of endometriosis. As part of a pilot study evaluating simvastatin for the treatment of endometriosis, the disease was induced in 16 baboons by induction laparoscopy and the animals were divided into 2 groups. One group was treated with simvastatin for 90 days, while the second group received vehicle only. Endometriosis was evaluated after 3 months by laparoscopy. Serum samples were analyzed for 9 circulating miRNAs using quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction, focusing on the miRNAs we found to be dysregulated in human endometriosis. In the simvastatin-treated endometriosis group, levels of miR-150-5p and miR-451a were decreased, while miR-3613-5p levels were increased compared to the untreated endometriosis group. The changes in circulating miRNA expression patterns parallel our previous results in human patients and show that specific miRNAs correlate with endometriosis severity and reverted toward control expression levels after simvastatin treatment. This is the first report showing serum miRNA expression normalized in response to endometriosis treatment, supporting the potential for this class of biomarkers to be used both to diagnose endometriosis and to monitor its progression and response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine Cosar
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ramanaiah Mamillapalli
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Irene Moridi
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Antoni Duleba
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Reproductive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Hugh S Taylor
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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30
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Circulating microRNA124-3p, microRNA9-3p and microRNA196b-5p may be potential signatures for differential diagnosis of thyroid nodules. Oncotarget 2018; 7:84165-84177. [PMID: 27705935 PMCID: PMC5356652 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It is important to develop an effective auxiliary approach to distinguish papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) from benign nodules because a considerable proportion cannot be identified by fine-needle aspiration cytology at present, resulting in unnecessary thyroidectomy. Circulating miRNAs are potential biomarkers for differential diagnosis of tumors. We aimed to investigate the dysregulation of circulating miRNAs in PTC and evaluate the diagnostic value for differentiation of PTC from benign nodules. We first assessed the expression of miRNAs in patients with PTC, patients with benign nodules and healthy controls using a miRCURY LNA Array (n = 3 for each group). Expression of circulating miR-124-3p, miR-9-3p and miR-5691 was significantly up-regulated, while miR-4701 and miR-196b-5p were down-regulated in PTC patients. The dysregulation of miR-124-3p, miR-9-3p, miR-4701 and miR-196b-5p was further validated by qRT-PCR in fifty participants from each group. The expression of circulating miR-124-3p and miR-9-3p was significantly up-regulated in PTC patients. Both miR-124-3p and miR-9-3p could distinguish PTC from benign nodules with high sensitivity and specificity. There were no significant differences in the expression of circulating miR-4701 and miR-196b-5p between PTC patients and healthy controls. Nevertheless, patients with benign nodules showed a higher level of miR-196b-5p compared with that of PTC patients and healthy controls. ROC analysis indicated that miR-196b-5p had a good diagnostic value for differentiation of benign nodules from PTC. Our study suggested that miR-124-3p, miR-9-3p and miR-196b-5p may be potential signatures for differential diagnosis of thyroid nodules in eastern coastal areas of China.
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31
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Fan JB, Liu W, Zhu XH, Yi H, Cui SY, Zhao JN, Cui ZM. microRNA-25 targets PKCζ and protects osteoblastic cells from dexamethasone via activating AMPK signaling. Oncotarget 2018; 8:3226-3236. [PMID: 27911275 PMCID: PMC5356877 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation could protect osteoblasts from dexamethasone (Dex). This study aims to provoke AMPK activation via microRNA downregulation of its negative regulator protein kinase C ζ (PKCζ). Results show that microRNA-25-5p (miR-25-5p) targets PKCζ's 3’ untranslated regions (UTRs). Forced-expression of miR-25 downregulated PKCζ and activated AMPK in human osteoblastic cells (OB-6 and hFOB1.19 lines), which thereafter protected cells from Dex. Reversely, expression of antagomiR-25, the miR-25 inhibitor, upregulated PKCζ and inhibited AMPK activation, exacerbating Dex damages. Notably, PKCζ shRNA knockdown similarly activated AMPK and protected osteoblastic cells from Dex. AMPK activation was required for miR-25-induced osteoblastic cell protection. AMPKα shRNA or dominant negative mutation almost completely blocked miR-25-induced cytoprotection against Dex. Further studies showed that miR-25 expression increased NADPH activity and suppressed Dex-induced oxidative stress in osteoblastic cells. Such effects by miR-25 were abolished with AMPKα knockdown or mutation. Significantly, miR-25-5p level was increased in patients’ necrotic femoral head tissues, which was correlated with PKCζ downregulation and AMPK hyper-activation. These results suggest that miR-25-5p targets PKCζ and protects osteoblastic cells from Dex possibly via activating AMPK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Bo Fan
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, PR China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xin-Hui Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Hong Yi
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Sheng-Yu Cui
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jian-Ning Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Zhi-Ming Cui
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, PR China
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32
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Celano M, Rosignolo F, Maggisano V, Pecce V, Iannone M, Russo D, Bulotta S. MicroRNAs as Biomarkers in Thyroid Carcinoma. Int J Genomics 2017; 2017:6496570. [PMID: 29038786 PMCID: PMC5606057 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6496570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Optimal management of patients with thyroid cancer requires the use of sensitive and specific biomarkers. For early diagnosis and effective follow-up, the currently available cytological and serum biomarkers, thyroglobulin and calcitonin, present severe limitations. Research on microRNA expression in thyroid tumors is providing new insights for the development of novel biomarkers that can be used to diagnose thyroid cancer and optimize its management. In this review, we will examine some of the methods commonly used to detect and quantify microRNA in biospecimens from patients with thyroid tumor, as well as the potential applications of these techniques for developing microRNA-based biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of thyroid cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilena Celano
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesca Rosignolo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Maggisano
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Valeria Pecce
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Michelangelo Iannone
- CNR, Institute of Neurological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Borgia, Italy
| | - Diego Russo
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Stefania Bulotta
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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33
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Cirnigliaro M, Barbagallo C, Gulisano M, Domini CN, Barone R, Barbagallo D, Ragusa M, Di Pietro C, Rizzo R, Purrello M. Expression and Regulatory Network Analysis of miR-140-3p, a New Potential Serum Biomarker for Autism Spectrum Disorder. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:250. [PMID: 28848387 PMCID: PMC5554380 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Given its prevalence and social impact, Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is drawing much interest. Molecular basis of ASD is heterogeneous and only partially known. Many factors, including disorders comorbid with ASD, like TS (Tourette Syndrome), complicate ASD behavior-based diagnosis and make it vulnerable to bias. To further investigate ASD etiology and to identify potential biomarkers to support its precise diagnosis, we used TaqMan Low Density Array technology to profile serum miRNAs from ASD, TS, and TS+ASD patients, and unaffected controls (NCs). Through validation assays in 30 ASD, 24 TS, and 25 TS+ASD patients and 25 NCs, we demonstrated that miR-140-3p is upregulated in ASD vs.: NC, TS, and TS+ASD (Tukey's test, p-values = 0.03, = 0.01, < 0.0001, respectively). ΔCt values for miR-140-3p and YGTSS (Yale Global Tic Severity Scale) scores are positively correlated (Spearman r = 0.33; Benjamini-Hochberg p = 0.008) and show a linear relationship (p = 0.002). Network functional analysis showed that nodes controlled by miR-140-3p, especially CD38 and NRIP1 which are its validated targets, are involved in processes convergingly dysregulated in ASD, such as synaptic plasticity, immune response, and chromatin binding. Biomarker analysis proved that serum miR-140-3p can discriminate among: (1) ASD and NC (Area under the ROC curve, AUC: 0.70; sensitivity: 63.33%; specificity: 68%); (2) ASD and TS (AUC: 0.72; sensitivity: 66.66%; specificity: 70.83%); (3) ASD and TS+ASD (AUC: 0.78; sensitivity: 73.33%; specificity: 76%). Characterization of miR-140-3p network would contribute to further clarify ASD etiology. Serum miR-140-3p could represent a potential non-invasive biomarker for ASD, easy to test through liquid biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde Cirnigliaro
- Section of Biology and Genetics Giovanni Sichel, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of CataniaCatania, Italy
| | - Cristina Barbagallo
- Section of Biology and Genetics Giovanni Sichel, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of CataniaCatania, Italy
| | - Mariangela Gulisano
- Section of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of CataniaCatania, Italy
| | - Carla N Domini
- Section of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of CataniaCatania, Italy
| | - Rita Barone
- Section of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of CataniaCatania, Italy
| | - Davide Barbagallo
- Section of Biology and Genetics Giovanni Sichel, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of CataniaCatania, Italy
| | - Marco Ragusa
- Section of Biology and Genetics Giovanni Sichel, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of CataniaCatania, Italy.,Associazione Oasi Maria SS. Onlus (IRCCS), Institute for Research on Mental Retardation and Brain AgingTroina, Italy
| | - Cinzia Di Pietro
- Section of Biology and Genetics Giovanni Sichel, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of CataniaCatania, Italy
| | - Renata Rizzo
- Section of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of CataniaCatania, Italy
| | - Michele Purrello
- Section of Biology and Genetics Giovanni Sichel, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of CataniaCatania, Italy
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Nixon AM, Provatopoulou X, Kalogera E, Zografos GN, Gounaris A. Circulating thyroid cancer biomarkers: Current limitations and future prospects. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2017; 87:117-126. [PMID: 28493290 DOI: 10.1111/cen.13369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is the most common malignancy of the endocrine system. There has been a significant increase in its incidence over the past two decades attributable mainly to the use of more sensitive diagnostic modalities. Ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration cytology is the mainstay of diagnosis of benign disorders and malignancy. However, approximately 20% of lesions cannot be adequately categorized as benign or malignant. In the postoperative setting, monitoring of thyroglobulin (Tg) levels has been employed for the detection of disease recurrence. Unfortunately, Tg antibodies are common and interfere with Tg measurement in this subset of patients. Despite this limitation, Tg remains the sole widely used thyroid cancer biomarker in the clinical setting. In an attempt to bypass antibody interference, research has focused mainly on mRNA targets thought to be exclusively expressed in thyroid cells. Tg and thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) mRNA have been extensively studied both for discerning between benign disease and malignancy and in postoperative disease surveillance. However, results among reports have been inconsistent probably reflecting considerable differences in methodology. Recently, microRNA (miRNA) targets are being investigated as potential biomarkers in DTC. MiRNAs are more stable molecules and theoretically are not as vulnerable as mRNA during manipulation. Initial results have been encouraging but large-scale studies are warranted to verify and elucidate their potential application in diagnosis and postoperative surveillance of thyroid cancer. Several other novel targets, primarily mutations and circulating cells, are currently emerging as promising thyroid cancer circulating biomarkers. Although interesting and intriguing, data are limited and derive from small-scale studies in specific patient cohorts. Further research findings demonstrating their value are awaited with anticipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Nixon
- Third Department of Surgery, Athens General Hospital "Georgios Gennimatas", Athens, Greece
| | | | - Eleni Kalogera
- Research Center, Hellenic Anticancer Institute, Athens, Greece
| | - George N Zografos
- Third Department of Surgery, Athens General Hospital "Georgios Gennimatas", Athens, Greece
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35
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Song J, Li Y. miR-25-3p reverses epithelial-mesenchymal transition via targeting Sema4C in cisplatin-resistance cervical cancer cells. Cancer Sci 2016; 108:23-31. [PMID: 27743413 PMCID: PMC5276840 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquisition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has recently been proposed as an important contributor of drug resistance in cervical cancer cells. However, the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. MicroRNAs play a crucial role in regulating EMT. The aim of this study was to explore the potential role of miR-25-3p in regulating EMT in cisplatin-resistant (CR) cervical cancer cells. To this end, we established stable CR cervical cancer cells, HeLa-CR and CaSki-CR, and investigated the function of miR-25-3p in regulating EMT. It is found that CR cervical cancer cells possessed more EMT characteristics and demonstrated higher migratory abilities and invasiveness. miR-25-3p downregulation was also seen in HeLa-CR and CaSki-CR cells. Of note, ectopic expression of miR-25-3p reversed the EMT phenotype and sensitized CR cells to cisplatin via targeting Sema4C. Furthermore, stable overexpression of miR-25-3p in HeLa-CR cells suppressed tumor growth in mice, downregulated Sema4C and Snail, and upregulated E-cadherin compared with the control group. These results suggest that miR-25-3p is an important regulator of cervical cancer EMT and chemoresistance. Thus, upregulation of miR-25-3p could be a novel approach to treat cervical cancers that are resistant to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Song
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Fourth Clinical Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Gynecology, The Hospital of Heilongjiang Province, Nangang Branch, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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36
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Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA comprising approximately 19-25 nucleotides. miRNAs can act as tumour suppressors or oncogenes, and aberrant expression of miRNAs has been reported in several human cancers and has been associated with cancer initiation and progression. Recent evidence suggests that miRNAs play a major role in thyroid carcinogenesis. In this review, we summarize the role of miRNAs in thyroid cancer and describe the oncogenic or tumour suppressor function of miRNAs as well as their clinical utility as prognostic or diagnostic markers in thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriem Boufraqech
- Endocrine Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Joanna Klubo-Gwiezdzinska
- Metabolic Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Electron Kebebew
- Endocrine Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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37
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Gao Z, Liu R, Liao J, Yang M, Pan E, Yin L, Pu Y. Possible tumor suppressive role of the miR-144/451 cluster in esophageal carcinoma as determined by principal component regression analysis. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:3805-13. [PMID: 27572636 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA) clusters are expressed universally across different types of organisms, and an accumulating number of studies have demonstrated that miRNA clusters function more efficiently compared with single miRNAs during the development of certain cancer types. miRNA clusters may have increased stability and reliability over individual miRNAs as diagnostic or therapeutic biomarkers. In the present study, the expression levels of mature miRNAs within the miR-144/451 cluster were examined using stem‑loop reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction in 102 patients pathologically diagnosed with esophageal carcinoma. Bioinformatics tools were used to identify a possible miRNA‑mediated network of the miR‑144/451 cluster. The expression levels of hsa‑miR‑451a, hsa‑miR‑144‑3p and hsa‑miR‑144‑5p in tumor tissues were significantly lower compared with those in adjacent non‑tumor tissues (P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis demonstrated that the expression levels of individual miR‑144/451 cluster members were correlated with each other, except for the pair of hsa‑miR‑144‑3p and hsa‑miR‑4732‑3p. In particular, hsa‑miR‑144‑5p expression was highly associated with hsa-miR-4732‑5p and hsa-miR-451a expression levels, with correlation coefficients of 0.729 and 0.608, respectively. Furthermore, the low expression levels of hsa‑miR‑144‑3p [odds ratio (OR), 0.85; P<0.05] and hsa-miR-144-5p (OR, 0.84; P<0.05) were determined to be risk factors for esophageal carcinoma development. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis demonstrated that miRNAs forming the miR‑144/451 cluster may cooperate to regulate the cell cycle. Therefore, the miR‑144/451 cluster may serve an important role in the progression of esophageal carcinoma and may be considered as a biomarker for the detection of esophageal carcinoma at an early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhikui Gao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Ran Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Juan Liao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Miao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Enchun Pan
- Huaian Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huaian, Jiangsu 223001, P.R. China
| | - Lihong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Yuepu Pu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
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38
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Hu Y, Wang H, Chen E, Xu Z, Chen B, Lu G. Candidate microRNAs as biomarkers of thyroid carcinoma: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and experimental validation. Cancer Med 2016; 5:2602-14. [PMID: 27465286 PMCID: PMC5055193 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is one of the most common carcinomas of the endocrine system with an increasing incidence. A growing number of studies have focused on the diagnostic and prognostic values of dysregulated microRNAs (miRNAs) in thyroid carcinoma. However, differences in the measurement platforms, variations in lab protocols, and small sample sizes can make gene profiling data incomparable. A meta-review of the published studies that compared miRNA expression data of thyroid carcinoma and paired normal tissues was performed to identify potential miRNA biomarkers of thyroid carcinoma with the vote-counting strategy. Two hundred and thirty-six aberrantly expressed miRNAs were reported in 19 microRNA expression profiling studies. Among them, 138 miRNAs were reported in at least two studies. We also provided a meta-signature of differentially expressed miRNAs between individual histological types of thyroid carcinoma and normal tissues. The experimental validation with qRT-PCR analysis verified that the profiles identified with the meta-review approach could effectively discriminate papillary thyroid carcinoma tissues from paired noncancer tissues. The meta-review of miRNA expression profiling studies of thyroid carcinoma would provide information on candidate miRNAs that could potentially be used as biomarkers in thyroid carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiren Hu
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Clinical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Ningbo Yinzhou People's Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Ende Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Clinical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhifeng Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Clinical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Bi Chen
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Wenzhou People's Hospital, The Third Clinical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Guowen Lu
- Department of Thyroid and breast mininally invasive surgery, Ningbo Yinzhou People's Hospital, Ningbo, China.
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Perdas E, Stawski R, Nowak D, Zubrzycka M. The Role of miRNA in Papillary Thyroid Cancer in the Context of miRNA Let-7 Family. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17060909. [PMID: 27314338 PMCID: PMC4926443 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17060909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common endocrine malignancy. RET/PTC rearrangement is the most common genetic modification identified in this category of cancer, increasing proliferation and dedifferentiation by the activation of the RET/PTC-RAS-BRAF-MAPK-ERK signaling pathway. Recently, let-7 miRNA was found to reduce RAS levels, acting as a tumor suppressor gene. Circulating miRNA profiles of the let-7 family may be used as novel noninvasive diagnostic, prognostic, treatment and surveillance markers for PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Perdas
- Department of Experimental Physiology, Chair of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz 92-215, Poland.
| | - Robert Stawski
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz 92-215, Poland.
| | - Dariusz Nowak
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz 92-215, Poland.
| | - Maria Zubrzycka
- Department of Experimental Physiology, Chair of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz 92-215, Poland.
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40
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Wójcicka A, Kolanowska M, Jażdżewski K. MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: MicroRNA in diagnostics and therapy of thyroid cancer. Eur J Endocrinol 2016; 174:R89-98. [PMID: 26503845 DOI: 10.1530/eje-15-0647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs, short non-coding regulators of the gene expression, are subjects of numerous investigations assessing their potential use in the diagnostics and management of human diseases. In this review, we focus on studies that analyze the utility of microRNAs as novel diagnostic and therapeutic tools in follicular cell-derived thyroid carcinomas. This very interesting and promising field brings new insight into future strategies for personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wójcicka
- Genomic MedicineMedical University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 61, 02-097 Warsaw, PolandHuman Cancer GeneticsCentre of New Technologies, CENT, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Poland Genomic MedicineMedical University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 61, 02-097 Warsaw, PolandHuman Cancer GeneticsCentre of New Technologies, CENT, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Poland
| | - Monika Kolanowska
- Genomic MedicineMedical University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 61, 02-097 Warsaw, PolandHuman Cancer GeneticsCentre of New Technologies, CENT, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Poland Genomic MedicineMedical University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 61, 02-097 Warsaw, PolandHuman Cancer GeneticsCentre of New Technologies, CENT, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Poland
| | - Krystian Jażdżewski
- Genomic MedicineMedical University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 61, 02-097 Warsaw, PolandHuman Cancer GeneticsCentre of New Technologies, CENT, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Poland Genomic MedicineMedical University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 61, 02-097 Warsaw, PolandHuman Cancer GeneticsCentre of New Technologies, CENT, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Poland
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41
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Li M, Song Q, Li H, Lou Y, Wang L. Correction: Circulating miR-25-3p and miR-451a May Be Potential Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135549. [PMID: 26267902 PMCID: PMC4534418 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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