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Maggu AR, Sharma B. Relationship Between Cognitive Abilities and Basic Auditory Processing in Young Adults. Am J Audiol 2024; 33:422-432. [PMID: 38501921 DOI: 10.1044/2024_aja-23-00261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The diagnosis of auditory processing disorder (APD) is controversial particularly due to the influence of higher order factors of language and cognition on the diagnostic APD testing. As a result, there might be a need for testing for other domains (e.g., cognition) along with conducting the diagnostic APD testing to rule out the influence of other domains. In order to make recommendations on whether cognitive testing is needed along with the auditory processing testing, as a starting point, the current study was conducted to examine the relationship between cognitive abilities and basic auditory processing in young adults. METHOD A total of 38 young adults with normal audiometric thresholds between 250 and 8000 Hz participated in this study. They were tested on their executive function, language, processing speed, working memory, and episodic memory components of cognitive testing and tests for temporal fine structure and spectrotemporal sensitivity for auditory processing testing. RESULTS No significant correlation was found between the cognitive tests and the tests for basic auditory processing in young adults. CONCLUSIONS These findings present contrast to the existing findings in children and older adults where a stronger correlation between cognitive abilities and auditory processing has been found. The current findings suggest that testing for cognitive abilities may not be needed when testing for basic auditory processing in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay R Maggu
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs
- Department of Speech-Language-Hearing Sciences, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY
- The Institute for the Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs
| | - Bhamini Sharma
- Department of Communication Arts, Sciences, and Disorders, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York, NY
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Davidson A, Souza P. Relationships Between Auditory Processing and Cognitive Abilities in Adults: A Systematic Review. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2024; 67:296-345. [PMID: 38147487 DOI: 10.1044/2023_jslhr-22-00716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The contributions from the central auditory and cognitive systems play a major role in communication. Understanding the relationship between auditory and cognitive abilities has implications for auditory rehabilitation for clinical patients. The purpose of this systematic review is to address the question, "In adults, what is the relationship between central auditory processing abilities and cognitive abilities?" METHOD Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed to identify, screen, and determine eligibility for articles that addressed the research question of interest. Medical librarians and subject matter experts assisted in search strategy, keyword review, and structuring the systematic review process. To be included, articles needed to have an auditory measure (either behavioral or electrophysiologic), a cognitive measure that assessed individual ability, and the measures needed to be compared to one another. RESULTS Following two rounds of identification and screening, 126 articles were included for full analysis. Central auditory processing (CAP) measures were grouped into categories (behavioral: speech in noise, altered speech, temporal processing, binaural processing; electrophysiologic: mismatch negativity, P50, N200, P200, and P300). The most common CAP measures were sentence recognition in speech-shaped noise and the P300. Cognitive abilities were grouped into constructs, and the most common construct was working memory. The findings were mixed, encompassing both significant and nonsignificant relationships; therefore, the results do not conclusively establish a direct link between CAP and cognitive abilities. Nonetheless, several consistent relationships emerged across different domains. Distorted or noisy speech was related to working memory or processing speed. Auditory temporal order tasks showed significant relationships with working memory, fluid intelligence, or multidomain cognitive measures. For electrophysiology, relationships were observed between some cortical evoked potentials and working memory or executive/inhibitory processes. Significant results were consistent with the hypothesis that assessments of CAP and cognitive processing would be positively correlated. CONCLUSIONS Results from this systematic review summarize relationships between CAP and cognitive processing, but also underscore the complexity of these constructs, the importance of study design, and the need to select an appropriate measure. The relationship between auditory and cognitive abilities is complex but can provide informative context when creating clinical management plans. This review supports a need to develop guidelines and training for audiologists who wish to consider individual central auditory and cognitive abilities in patient care. SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.24855174.
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Köse B, Karaman-Demirel A, Çiprut A. Psychoacoustic abilities in pediatric cochlear implant recipients: The relation with short-term memory and working memory capacity. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2022; 162:111307. [PMID: 36116181 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2022.111307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim was to investigate school-age children with cochlear implants (CIs) and their typically developing peers in terms of auditory short-term memory (ASTM), auditory working memory (AWM), visuospatial short-term memory (VSTM), visuospatial working memory (VWM), spectral resolution and monosyllabic word recognition in noise. METHODS Twenty-three prelingually deaf CI users and twenty-three typically developing (TD) peers aged 7-10 years participated. Twelve children with CI were earlier-implanted (i.e., age at implantation ≤24 months). Children with CIs were compared to typically developing peers and correlations between cognitive and psychoacoustic abilities were computed separately for the groups. Besides, regression analyses were conducted to develop models that could predict SMRT (spectral-temporally modulated ripple test) and speech recognition scores. RESULTS The AWM scores of the later-implanted group were significantly lower than both earlier-implanted and TD groups. ASTM scores of TD children were significantly higher than both earlier-implanted and later-implanted participants. There was no statistically significant difference between groups in terms of VSTM and VWM. AWM performance was positively correlated with ASTM, SMRT scores, and speech recognition under noisy conditions for pediatric CI recipients. The AWM was a statistically significant predictor of the SMRT score and the SMRT score was an indicator of speech recognition score under 0 dB SNR condition. CONCLUSION Most of children using CI are at risk for clinically remarkable deficits across cognitive abilities such as AWM and ASTM. While evaluating cognitive and psychoacoustic abilities in the clinic routine, it should be kept in mind that they can be influenced by each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Büşra Köse
- Department of Audiology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey; Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ayşenur Karaman-Demirel
- Department of Audiology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey; Vocational School of Health Services, Okan University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayça Çiprut
- Department of Audiology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Hisagi M, Baker M, Alvarado E, Shafiro V. Online Assessment of Speech Perception and Auditory Spectrotemporal Processing in Spanish-English Bilinguals. Am J Audiol 2022; 31:936-949. [PMID: 35537127 DOI: 10.1044/2022_aja-21-00225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE There is limited access to audiology services for the growing population of Spanish-English bilinguals in the United States. Online auditory testing can potentially provide a cost-effective alternative to in-person visits. However, even for bilinguals with high English proficiency, age of English acquisition may affect speech perception accuracy. This study used a comprehensive test battery to assess speech perception and spectrotemporal processing abilities in Spanish-English bilinguals and to evaluate susceptibility of different tests to effects of native language. METHOD The online battery comprised three tests of speech in quiet (vowel and consonant identification and words in sentences), four tests of speech perception in noise (two for intelligibility and two for comprehension), and three tests of spectrotemporal processing (two tests of stochastically modulated pattern discrimination and one test of spectral resolution). Participants were 28 adult Spanish-English bilinguals whose English acquisition began either early (≤ 6 years old) or late (≥ 7 years old) and 18 English monolingual speakers. RESULTS Significant differences were found in six of the 10 tests. The differences were most pronounced for vowel perception in quiet, speech-in-noise test, and two tests of speech comprehension in noise. Late bilinguals consistently scored lower than native English speakers or early bilinguals. In contrast, no differences between groups were observed for digits-in-noise or three tests of spectrotemporal processing abilities. CONCLUSION The findings suggest initial feasibility of online assessment in this population and can inform selection of tests for auditory assessment of Spanish-English bilinguals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miwako Hisagi
- Department of Communication Disorders, California State University, Los Angeles
| | - Melissa Baker
- Long Island Doctor of Audiology Consortium, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY
| | - Elizabeth Alvarado
- Department of Communication Disorders, California State University, Los Angeles
| | - Valeriy Shafiro
- Department of Communication Disorders and Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
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Zukowski DB, Junker DB, da Silva IMC, Viana LM, de Oliveira CAP. Choir Singing Practice and Temporal Ordering in the Elderly. Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2022; 26:e199-e207. [PMID: 35602279 PMCID: PMC9122765 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1733930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The importance of temporal ordering and sequencing in the auditory system is discussed because these are considered basic functions for language. Objective To verify the correlation between the practice of choir music and the temporal ordering in elderly with no prior formal musical experience. Method The study design is cross-sectional. The sample consisted of 85 elderly individuals of both genders, ≥ 60 years old, and it was composed of 43 elderly individuals with no prior formal musical experience but choir participation (research group) and 42 elderly individuals who never sang in a choir and had no music training during their life (control group). The research group was divided based on three categories of choir time. The performances of the research and control groups were compared with pitch pattern sequence (PPS), verbal condition (PPSverb), humming condition (PPShum), and duration pattern sequence (DPS) tests. Results The mean PPShum and PPSverb showed a statistically significant difference by choir time with a different mean of PPShum between the no singing experience group (59%) and the > 10 years of singing experience group (90%) ( p = 0.02). Regarding the averages of PPSverb, there was a statistically significant difference between the no singing experience (23%) and > 10 years of choir time (54%) ( p = 0.02) groups. Conclusion The findings indicate a better performance in the temporal ordering of the elderly who are not formal musicians but who have choir experience in the research group in relation to those with no choir experience in the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Bonizio Zukowski
- Department of Health Science, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | | | | | - Lucas Moura Viana
- Faculdade de Medicina, Faculdades Integradas do Planalto Central, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Carlos Augusto Pires de Oliveira
- Department of Otolaryngology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF, Brazil
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Torrente MC, Vergara R, Moreno-Gómez FN, Leiva A, San Martin S, Belkhiria C, Marcenaro B, Delgado C, Delano PH. Speech Perception and Dichotic Listening Are Associated With Hearing Thresholds and Cognition, Respectively, in Unaided Presbycusis. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:786330. [PMID: 35283747 PMCID: PMC8908240 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.786330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Presbycusis or age-related hearing loss is a prevalent condition in the elderly population, which affects oral communication, especially in background noise, and has been associated with social isolation, depression, and cognitive decline. However, the mechanisms that relate hearing loss with cognition are complex and still elusive. Importantly, recent studies show that the use of hearing aids in presbycusis, which is its standard management, can induce neuroplasticity and modify performance in cognitive tests. As the majority of the previous studies on audition and cognition obtained their results from a mixed sample of subjects, including presbycusis individuals fitted and not fitted with hearing aids, here, we revisited the associations between hearing loss and cognition in a controlled sample of unaided presbycusis. We performed a cross-sectional study in 116 non-demented Chilean volunteers aged ≥65 years from the Auditory and Dementia study cohort. Specifically, we explored associations between bilateral sensorineural hearing loss, suprathreshold auditory brain stem responses, auditory processing (AP), and cognition with a comprehensive neuropsychological examination. The AP assessment included speech perception in noise (SIN), dichotic listening (dichotic digits and staggered spondaic words), and temporal processing [frequency pattern (FP) and gap-in-noise detection]. The neuropsychological evaluations included attention, memory, language, processing speed, executive function, and visuospatial abilities. We performed an exploratory factor analysis that yielded four composite factors, namely, hearing loss, auditory nerve, midbrain, and cognition. These four factors were used for generalized multiple linear regression models. We found significant models showing that hearing loss is associated with bilateral SIN performance, while dichotic listening was associated with cognition. We concluded that the comprehension of the auditory message in unaided presbycusis is a complex process that relies on audition and cognition. In unaided presbycusis with mild hearing loss (<40 dB HL), speech perception of monosyllabic words in background noise is associated with hearing levels, while cognition is associated with dichotic listening and FP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariela C. Torrente
- Departamento Otorrinolaringología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Vergara
- Departamento de Kinesiología, Facultad de Artes y Educación Física, Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educación, Santiago, Chile
- Centro Nacional de Inteligencia Artificial CENIA, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe N. Moreno-Gómez
- Departamento de Biología y Química, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Alexis Leiva
- Departamento de Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Medicina, Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Simón San Martin
- Departamento de Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Medicina, Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Chama Belkhiria
- Departamento de Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Medicina, Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Bruno Marcenaro
- Departamento de Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Medicina, Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Delgado
- Departamento de Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paul H. Delano
- Departamento Otorrinolaringología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Medicina, Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Centro Avanzado de Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica, AC3E, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso, Chile
- *Correspondence: Paul H. Delano,
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Luo X, Azuma T, Kolberg C, Pulling KR. The effects of stimulus modality, task complexity, and cuing on working memory and the relationship with speech recognition in older cochlear implant users. JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION DISORDERS 2022; 95:106170. [PMID: 34839068 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2021.106170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The role of working memory (WM) in speech recognition of older cochlear implant (CI) users remains unclear. This study 1) examined the effects of aging and CI on WM performance across different modalities (auditory vs. visual) and cuing conditions, and 2) assessed how specific WM measures relate to sentence and word recognition in noise. METHOD Fourteen Older CI users, 12 Older acoustic-hearing (AH) listeners with age-appropriate hearing loss, and 15 Young normal-hearing (NH) listeners were tested. Participants completed two simple span tasks (auditory digit and visual letter span), two complex WM tasks (reading span and cued-modality WM with simultaneously presented auditory digits and visual letters), and two speech recognition tasks (sentence and word recognition in speech-babble noise). RESULTS The groups showed similar simple span performance, except that Older CI users had lower auditory digit span than Young NH listeners. Both older groups had similar reading span performance, but scored significantly lower than Young NH listeners, indicating age-related declines in attentional and phonological processing. A similar group effect was observed in the cued-modality WM task. All groups showed higher recall for auditory digits than for visual letters and the advantage was most evident without modality cuing. All groups displayed greater cuing benefits for visual recall than for auditory recall, suggesting that participants consistently allocated more attention to auditory stimuli regardless of cuing. For Older CI users, after controlling for the previously reported spectral resolution, auditory-uncued WM performance was significantly correlated with word recognition but not sentence recognition. CONCLUSIONS Complex WM was significantly affected by aging but not by CI. Neither aging nor CI significantly affected modality cuing benefits in the WM task. For Older CI users, complex auditory WM with attentional control may better reflect the cognitive load of speech recognition in noise than simple span or complex visual WM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Luo
- Program of Speech and Hearing Science, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America.
| | - Tamiko Azuma
- Program of Speech and Hearing Science, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America
| | - Courtney Kolberg
- Program of Speech and Hearing Science, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America
| | - Kathryn R Pulling
- Program of Speech and Hearing Science, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America
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Borges KCDS, Resende LMD, Couto EDAB. Hearing function, perception of disability (handicap) and cognition in the elderly: a relation to be elucidated. Codas 2021; 33:e20200150. [PMID: 34320138 DOI: 10.1590/2317-1782/20202020150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze auditory perception, hearing and cognition in the elderly referred for audiological evaluation and search for correlations between hearing and cognitive abilities. METHOD An observational and descriptive study, carried out with 135 elderly people. The participants did the auditory (tonal audiometry, speech audiometry, immittance measures, HHIE Questionnaire - Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly) and the cognitive (MMSE - Mini Mental State Examination) assessments. RESULTS There is a high prevalence of hearing complaints (91.85%) and hearing loss (91.85%) in the elderly referred for audiological assessment, but there was no relation between the degree of hearing loss (p = 0.537) and the auditory perception (p = 0.930) in relation to cognitive performance. CONCLUSION In this study, the degree of hearing loss did not influence the cognitive performance of the elderly, and the auditory handicap perception did not differ between individuals with normal or altered cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luciana Macedo de Resende
- Pós-graduação em Ciências Fonoaudiológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG - Belo Horizonte (MG), Brasil
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Harris MS, Moberly AC, Hamel BL, Vasil K, Runge CL, Riggs WJ, Shafiro V. A Longitudinal Comparison of Environmental Sound Recognition in Adults With Hearing Aids Before and After Cochlear Implantation. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2021; 64:1040-1052. [PMID: 33651956 PMCID: PMC8608242 DOI: 10.1044/2020_jslhr-20-00400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The aims of this study were (a) to longitudinally assess environmental sound recognition (ESR) before and after cochlear implantation in a sample of postlingually deafened adults and (b) to assess the extent to which spectro-temporal processing abilities influence ESR with cochlear implants (CIs). Method In a longitudinal cohort study, 20 postlingually deafened adults were tested with hearing aids on the Familiar Environmental Sound Test-Identification and AzBio sentences in quiet pre-CI and 6 months post-CI. A subset of 11 participants were also tested 12 months post-CI. Pre-CI spectro-temporal processing was assessed using the Spectral-temporally Modulated Ripple Test. Results Average ESR accuracy pre-CI (M = 63.60%) was not significantly different from ESR accuracy at 6 months (M = 65.40%) or 12 months (M = 69.09%) post-CI. In 11 participants (55%), however, ESR improved following implantation by 10.91 percentage points, on average. Pre-CI ESR correlated moderately and significantly with pre-CI and 12-month post-CI AzBio scores, with a trend toward significance for AzBio performance at 6 months. Pre-CI spectro-temporal processing was moderately associated with ESR at 6 and 12 months post-CI but not with speech recognition post-CI. Conclusions The present findings failed to demonstrate an overall significant improvement in ESR following implantation. Nevertheless, more than half of our sample showed some degree of improvement in ESR. Several environmental sounds were poorly identified both before and after implantation. Spectro-temporal processing ability prior to implantation appears to predict postimplantation performance for ESR. These findings indicate the need for greater attention to ESR following cochlear implantation and for developing individualized targets for ESR rehabilitation. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.13876745.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S. Harris
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Aaron C. Moberly
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus
| | | | - Kara Vasil
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus
| | - Christina L. Runge
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - William J. Riggs
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus
| | - Valeriy Shafiro
- Department of Communication Disorders and Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Rush University, Chicago, IL
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Moberly AC. A surgeon-scientist's perspective and review of cognitive-linguistic contributions to adult cochlear implant outcomes. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2020; 5:1176-1183. [PMID: 33364410 PMCID: PMC7752064 DOI: 10.1002/lio2.494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Enormous variability in speech recognition outcomes persists in adults who receive cochlear implants (CIs), which leads to a barrier to progress in predicting outcomes before surgery, explaining "poor" outcomes, and determining how to provide tailored rehabilitation therapy for individual CI users. The primary goal of my research program over the past 9 years has been to extend our understanding of the contributions of "top-down" cognitive-linguistic skills to CI outcomes in adults, acknowledging that "bottom-up" sensory processes also contribute substantially. The main objective of this invited narrative review is to provide an overview of this work. A secondary objective is to provide career "guidance points" to budding surgeon-scientists in Otolaryngology. METHODS A narrative, chronological review covers work done by our group to explore top-down and bottom-up processing in adult CI outcomes. A set of ten guidance points is also provided to assist junior Otolaryngology surgeon-scientists. RESULTS Work in our lab has identified substantial contributions of cognitive skills (working memory, inhibition-concentration, speed of lexical access, nonverbal reasoning, verbal learning and memory) as well as linguistic abilities (acoustic cue-weighting, phonological sensitivity) to speech recognition outcomes in adults with CIs. These top-down skills interact with the quality of the bottom-up input. CONCLUSION Although progress has been made in understanding speech recognition variability in adult CI users, future work is needed to predict CI outcomes before surgery, to identify particular patients' strengths and weaknesses, and to tailor rehabilitation approaches for individual CI users. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron C. Moberly
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryThe Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOhioUSA
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Shafiro V, Hebb M, Walker C, Oh J, Hsiao Y, Brown K, Sheft S, Li Y, Vasil K, Moberly AC. Development of the Basic Auditory Skills Evaluation Battery for Online Testing of Cochlear Implant Listeners. Am J Audiol 2020; 29:577-590. [PMID: 32946250 DOI: 10.1044/2020_aja-19-00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Cochlear implant (CI) performance varies considerably across individuals and across domains of auditory function, but clinical testing is typically restricted to speech intelligibility. The goals of this study were (a) to develop a basic auditory skills evaluation battery of tests for comprehensive assessment of ecologically relevant aspects of auditory perception and (b) to compare CI listeners' performance on the battery when tested in the laboratory by an audiologist or independently at home. Method The battery included 17 tests to evaluate (a) basic spectrotemporal processing, (b) processing of music and environmental sounds, and (c) speech perception in both quiet and background noise. The battery was administered online to three groups of adult listeners: two groups of postlingual CI listeners and a group of older normal-hearing (ONH) listeners of similar age. The ONH group and one CI group were tested in a laboratory by an audiologist, whereas the other CI group self-tested independently at home following online instructions. Results Results indicated a wide range in the performance of CI but not ONH listeners. Significant differences were not found between the two CI groups on any test, whereas on all but two tests, CI listeners' performance was lower than that of the ONH participants. Principal component analysis revealed that four components accounted for 82% of the variance in measured results, with component loading indicating that the test battery successfully captures differences across dimensions of auditory perception. Conclusions These results provide initial support for the use of the basic auditory skills evaluation battery for comprehensive online assessment of auditory skills in adult CI listeners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeriy Shafiro
- Department Communication Disorders & Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Megan Hebb
- Department Communication Disorders & Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Chad Walker
- Department Communication Disorders & Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Jasper Oh
- Department Communication Disorders & Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Ying Hsiao
- Department Communication Disorders & Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Kelly Brown
- Department Communication Disorders & Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Stanley Sheft
- Department Communication Disorders & Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Yan Li
- Department Communication Disorders & Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Kara Vasil
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus
| | - Aaron C. Moberly
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus
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Raymond M, Barrett D, Lee DJ, Peterson S, Raol N, Vivas EX. Cognitive Screening of Adults With Postlingual Hearing Loss: A Systematic Review. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2020; 164:49-56. [DOI: 10.1177/0194599820933255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective To systematically review the evidence for the use of cognitive screening tools for adults with postlingual hearing loss. Data Sources PubMed, Embase, Scopus, PsycINFO (EBSCO), CINAHL (EBSCO), and CENTRAL (Cochrane Library) electronic databases were searched from inception until October 4, 2018. Review Methods Articles were reviewed for inclusion by 2 independent reviewers. The references of included articles were hand-searched for additional relevant articles. Data were extracted by 2 independent extractors. Results Of 2092 articles imported from the search, 81 were included for the review. Nearly a third (31%, n = 25) included patients with profound hearing loss. In total, 23 unique tools were used for 105 unique applications. The Mini Mental Status Exam (MMSE) was the most commonly used (54%, n = 55), followed by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) (19%, n = 10). Nearly half of the tools were used to define patient inclusion or exclusion in a study (48%, n = 50), followed by examination of a change after an intervention (26%, n = 27). Two articles attempted to study the validity of the MMSE and MoCA for screening patients with mild to moderate hearing loss and found mixed effects of the auditory components. There were no validation studies identified from the search. Conclusion Many different cognitive screening tools have been used to study patients with postlingual hearing loss. The effects of the auditory components of these tools may be deleterious but ultimately remain unclear from the available evidence. To date, there has been no validation of any cognitive screening tool to be used for adults with postlingual hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallory Raymond
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Devon Barrett
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Daniel Juno Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Shenita Peterson
- Woodruff Health Sciences Center Library, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Nikhila Raol
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Esther X. Vivas
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Brännström KJ, Kastberg T, Waechter S, Karlsson E. Hearing thresholds and cognitive flexibility in young healthy individuals with normal hearing. Int J Audiol 2020; 59:583-589. [PMID: 32149537 DOI: 10.1080/14992027.2019.1702223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Pure tone audiometry may seem to be a relatively easy task for the participant but it may involve cognitive as well as sensory abilities. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between hearing thresholds in the frequency range 0.125-8 kHz and the core executive function cognitive flexibility in healthy individuals with normal hearing.Design: Experimental study measuring correlations between different pure-tone hearing threshold measures and cognitive flexibility. Pure tone air conduction audiometry (frequencies 0.125-8.0 kHz) and two tests of cognitive flexibility (information updating and shifting ability) were conducted.Study sample: Seventy-two subjects (aged between 21 and 36) with normal hearing (<20 dB HL) for the tested frequencies.Results: Four measures of average pure tone hearing thresholds were negatively correlated with cognitive flexibility.Conclusions: Pure-tone air conduction hearing thresholds seem to be related to cognitive flexibility in healthy individuals with normal hearing.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Jonas Brännström
- Department of Clinical Science, Section of Logopedics, Phoniatrics and Audiology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Tobias Kastberg
- Department of Clinical Science, Section of Logopedics, Phoniatrics and Audiology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Waechter
- Department of Clinical Science, Section of Logopedics, Phoniatrics and Audiology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Elisabeth Karlsson
- Department of Clinical Science, Section of Logopedics, Phoniatrics and Audiology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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14
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Kirby BJ, Spratford M, Klein KE, McCreery RW. Cognitive Abilities Contribute to Spectro-Temporal Discrimination in Children Who Are Hard of Hearing. Ear Hear 2019; 40:645-650. [PMID: 30130295 DOI: 10.1097/aud.0000000000000645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Spectral ripple discrimination tasks have received considerable interest as potential clinical tools for use with adults and children with hearing loss. Previous results have indicated that performance on ripple tasks is affected by differences in aided audibility [quantified using the Speech Intelligibility Index, or Speech Intelligibility Index (SII)] in children who wear hearing aids and that ripple thresholds tend to improve over time in children with and without hearing loss. Although ripple task performance is thought to depend less on language skills than common speech perception tasks, the extent to which spectral ripple discrimination might depend on other general cognitive abilities such as nonverbal intelligence and working memory is unclear. This is an important consideration for children because age-related changes in ripple test results could be due to developing cognitive ability and could obscure the effect of any changes in unaided or aided hearing over time. The purpose of this study was to establish the relationship between spectral ripple discrimination in a group of children who use hearing aids and general cognitive abilities such as nonverbal intelligence, visual and auditory working memory, and executive function. It was hypothesized that, after controlling for listener age, general cognitive ability would be associated with spectral ripple thresholds and performance on both auditory and visual cognitive tasks would be associated with spectral ripple thresholds. DESIGN Children who were full-time users of hearing aids for at least 1 year (n = 24, ages 6 to 13 years) participated in this study. Children completed a spectro-temporal modulated ripple discrimination task in the sound field using their personal hearing aids. Threshold was determined from the average of two repetitions of the task. Participants completed standard measurements of executive function, nonverbal intelligence, and visual and verbal working memory. Real ear verification measures were completed for each child with their personal hearing aids to determine aided SII. RESULTS Consistent with past findings, spectro-temporal ripple thresholds improved with greater listener age. Surprisingly, aided SII was not significantly correlated with spectro-temporal ripple thresholds potentially because this particular group of listeners had overall better hearing and greater aided SII than participants in previous studies. Partial correlations controlling for listener age revealed that greater nonverbal intelligence and visual working memory were associated with better spectro-temporal ripple discrimination thresholds. Verbal working memory, executive function, and language ability were not significantly correlated with spectro-temporal ripple discrimination thresholds. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that greater general cognitive abilities are associated with better spectro-temporal ripple discrimination ability, independent of children's age or aided SII. It is possible that these relationships reflect the cognitive demands of the psychophysical task rather than a direct relationship of cognitive ability to spectro-temporal processing in the auditory system. Further work is needed to determine the relationships of cognitive abilities to ripple discrimination in other populations, such as children with cochlear implants or with a wider range of aided SII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Kirby
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Kelsey E Klein
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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Shen J, Souza PE. The ability to glimpse dynamic pitch in noise by younger and older listeners. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2019; 146:EL232. [PMID: 31590538 PMCID: PMC6748858 DOI: 10.1121/1.5126021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
While dynamic pitch is helpful for speech perception in temporally-modulated noise, the ability to benefit from this cue varies substantially among older listeners. To examine the perceptual factors that contribute to this variability, this study aimed to characterize individuals' ability to perceive dynamic pitch in temporally-modulated noise using dynamic pitch segments extracted from real speech and embedded in temporally modulated noise. Data from younger and older listeners showed stronger pitch contours were more easily perceived than weaker pitch contours. The metric significantly predicted speech-in-noise ability in older listeners. Potential implications of this work are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Shen
- Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan 490008, USA
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Moberly AC, Vasil KJ, Wucinich TL, Safdar N, Boyce L, Roup C, Holt RF, Adunka OF, Castellanos I, Shafiro V, Houston DM, Pisoni DB. How does aging affect recognition of spectrally degraded speech? Laryngoscope 2018; 128 Suppl 5. [PMID: 30325518 DOI: 10.1002/lary.27457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Cochlear implants (CIs) restore auditory sensation to patients with moderate-to-profound sensorineural hearing loss. However, the benefits to speech recognition vary considerably among patients. Advancing age contributes to this variability in postlingual adult CI users. Similarly, older individuals with normal hearing (NH) perform more poorly on tasks of recognition of spectrally degraded speech. The overarching hypothesis of this study was that the detrimental effects of advancing age on speech recognition can be attributed both to declines in auditory spectral resolution as well as declines in cognitive functions. STUDY DESIGN Case-control study. METHODS Speech recognition was assessed in CI users (in the clear) and NH controls (spectrally degraded using noise-vocoding), along with auditory spectral resolution using the Spectral-Temporally Modulated Ripple Test. Cognitive skills were assessed using nonauditory visual measures of working memory, inhibitory control, speed of lexical/phonological access, nonverbal reasoning, and perceptual closure. Linear regression models were tested for mediation to explain aging effects on speech recognition performance. RESULTS For both groups, older age predicted poorer sentence and word recognition. The detrimental effects of advancing age on speech recognition were partially mediated by declines in spectral resolution and in some measures of cognitive function. CONCLUSIONS Advancing age contributes to poorer recognition of degraded speech for CI users and NH controls through declines in both auditory spectral resolution and cognitive functions. Findings suggest that improvements in spectral resolution as well as cognitive improvements may serve as therapeutic targets to optimize CI speech recognition outcomes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3b Laryngoscope, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron C Moberly
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Kara J Vasil
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Taylor L Wucinich
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Speech and Hearing Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Natalie Safdar
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Speech and Hearing Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Lauren Boyce
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Christina Roup
- Department of Speech and Hearing Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Rachael Frush Holt
- Department of Speech and Hearing Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Oliver F Adunka
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Irina Castellanos
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Valeriy Shafiro
- Department of Communication Disorders and Sciences, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A
| | - Derek M Houston
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - David B Pisoni
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
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Magimairaj BM, Nagaraj NK. Working Memory and Auditory Processing in School-Age Children. Lang Speech Hear Serv Sch 2018; 49:409-423. [DOI: 10.1044/2018_lshss-17-0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose
Our goal is to present the relationships between working memory (WM) and auditory processing abilities in school-age children.
Review and Discussion
We begin with an overview of auditory processing, the conceptualization of auditory processing disorder, and the assessment of auditory processing abilities in children. Next, we describe a model of WM and a model of auditory processing followed by their comparison. Evidence for the relationships between WM and auditory processing abilities in school-age children follows. Specifically, we present evidence for the association (or lack thereof) between WM/attention and auditory processing test performance.
Clinical Implications
In conclusion, we describe a new framework for understanding auditory processing abilities in children based on integrated evidence from cognitive science, hearing science, and language science. We also discuss clinical implications in children that could inform future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beula M. Magimairaj
- Cognition and Language Lab, Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Central Arkansas, Conway
| | - Naveen K. Nagaraj
- Cognitive Hearing Science Lab, Audiology and Speech Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences/University of Arkansas at Little Rock
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Brännström KJ, Karlsson E, Waechter S, Kastberg T. Extended high-frequency pure tone hearing thresholds and core executive functions. Int J Audiol 2018; 57:639-645. [PMID: 29897264 DOI: 10.1080/14992027.2018.1475755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between extended high-frequency pure tone hearing thresholds (frequencies 10 to 14 kHz) and working memory capacity (WMC), inhibitory control, and cognitive flexibility. DESIGN Experimental study measuring correlations between different high-frequency hearing threshold measures and cognitive measures. STUDY Pure tone audiometry was assessed in the extended high-frequency (frequencies 10, 12.5 and 14 kHz). Subjects were also tested regarding WMC, inhibitory control (response inhibition), and cognitive flexibility (information updating and shifting ability). SAMPLE Forty-three subjects between 20 and 29 years old with normal hearing (≤ 20 dB HL) in the frequency range between 0.125 to 8 kHz. RESULTS No significant correlations were seen between high-frequency hearing thresholds defined as average best and worst ear high-frequency hearing thresholds and the cognitive measures. Differences between the best and the worst ear showed significant negative correlations with inhibitory control and global executive function (combination score for WMC, inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility). CONCLUSIONS The present study suggests that global executive functions, more specifically response inhibition, and hearing threshold asymmetry in the extended high-frequency range are interrelated.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Jonas Brännström
- a Department of Clinical Science, Section of Logopedics, Phoniatrics and Audiology , Lund University , Lund , Sweden
| | - Elisabeth Karlsson
- a Department of Clinical Science, Section of Logopedics, Phoniatrics and Audiology , Lund University , Lund , Sweden
| | - Sebastian Waechter
- a Department of Clinical Science, Section of Logopedics, Phoniatrics and Audiology , Lund University , Lund , Sweden
| | - Tobias Kastberg
- a Department of Clinical Science, Section of Logopedics, Phoniatrics and Audiology , Lund University , Lund , Sweden
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Grassi M, Meneghetti C, Toffalini E, Borella E. Auditory and cognitive performance in elderly musicians and nonmusicians. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187881. [PMID: 29186146 PMCID: PMC5706664 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Musicians represent a model for examining brain and behavioral plasticity in terms of cognitive and auditory profile, but few studies have investigated whether elderly musicians have better auditory and cognitive abilities than nonmusicians. The aim of the present study was to examine whether being a professional musician attenuates the normal age-related changes in hearing and cognition. Elderly musicians still active in their profession were compared with nonmusicians on auditory performance (absolute threshold, frequency intensity, duration and spectral shape discrimination, gap and sinusoidal amplitude-modulation detection), and on simple (short-term memory) and more complex and higher-order (working memory [WM] and visuospatial abilities) cognitive tasks. The sample consisted of adults at least 65 years of age. The results showed that older musicians had similar absolute thresholds but better supra-threshold discrimination abilities than nonmusicians in four of the six auditory tasks administered. They also had a better WM performance, and stronger visuospatial abilities than nonmusicians. No differences were found between the two groups' short-term memory. Frequency discrimination and gap detection for the auditory measures, and WM complex span tasks and one of the visuospatial tasks for the cognitive ones proved to be very good classifiers of the musicians. These findings suggest that life-long music training may be associated with enhanced auditory and cognitive performance, including complex cognitive skills, in advanced age. However, whether this music training represents a protective factor or not needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Grassi
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Via Venezia 8, Padova, Italy
| | - Chiara Meneghetti
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Via Venezia 8, Padova, Italy
| | - Enrico Toffalini
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Via Venezia 8, Padova, Italy
| | - Erika Borella
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Via Venezia 8, Padova, Italy
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Nagaraj NK. Working Memory and Speech Comprehension in Older Adults With Hearing Impairment. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2017; 60:2949-2964. [PMID: 29049596 DOI: 10.1044/2017_jslhr-h-17-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study examined the relationship between working memory (WM) and speech comprehension in older adults with hearing impairment (HI). It was hypothesized that WM would explain significant variance in speech comprehension measured in multitalker babble (MTB). METHOD Twenty-four older (59-73 years) adults with sensorineural HI participated. WM capacity (WMC) was measured using 3 complex span tasks. Speech comprehension was assessed using multiple passages, and speech identification ability was measured using recall of sentence final-word and key words. Speech measures were performed in quiet and in the presence of MTB at + 5 dB signal-to-noise ratio. RESULTS Results suggested that participants' speech identification was poorer in MTB, but their ability to comprehend discourse in MTB was at least as good as in quiet. WMC did not explain significant variance in speech comprehension before and after controlling for age and audibility. However, WMC explained significant variance in low-context sentence key words identification in MTB. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that WMC plays an important role in identifying low-context sentences in MTB, but not when comprehending semantically rich discourse passages. In general, data did not support individual variability in WMC as a factor that predicts speech comprehension ability in older adults with HI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen K Nagaraj
- Cognitive Hearing Science Lab, Department of Audiology and Speech Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences/University of Arkansas at Little Rock
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Shafiro V, Sheft S, Norris M, Spanos G, Radasevich K, Formsma P, Gygi B. Toward a Nonspeech Test of Auditory Cognition: Semantic Context Effects in Environmental Sound Identification in Adults of Varying Age and Hearing Abilities. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167030. [PMID: 27893791 PMCID: PMC5125666 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sounds in everyday environments tend to follow one another as events unfold over time. The tacit knowledge of contextual relationships among environmental sounds can influence their perception. We examined the effect of semantic context on the identification of sequences of environmental sounds by adults of varying age and hearing abilities, with an aim to develop a nonspeech test of auditory cognition. METHOD The familiar environmental sound test (FEST) consisted of 25 individual sounds arranged into ten five-sound sequences: five contextually coherent and five incoherent. After hearing each sequence, listeners identified each sound and arranged them in the presentation order. FEST was administered to young normal-hearing, middle-to-older normal-hearing, and middle-to-older hearing-impaired adults (Experiment 1), and to postlingual cochlear-implant users and young normal-hearing adults tested through vocoder-simulated implants (Experiment 2). RESULTS FEST scores revealed a strong positive effect of semantic context in all listener groups, with young normal-hearing listeners outperforming other groups. FEST scores also correlated with other measures of cognitive ability, and for CI users, with the intelligibility of speech-in-noise. CONCLUSIONS Being sensitive to semantic context effects, FEST can serve as a nonspeech test of auditory cognition for diverse listener populations to assess and potentially improve everyday listening skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeriy Shafiro
- Department of Communication Disorders and Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
- * E-mail:
| | - Stanley Sheft
- Department of Communication Disorders and Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Molly Norris
- Department of Communication Disorders and Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - George Spanos
- Department of Communication Disorders and Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Katherine Radasevich
- Department of Communication Disorders and Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Paige Formsma
- Department of Communication Disorders and Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Brian Gygi
- Veterans Affairs Northern California Health Care System, Martinez, California
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