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Gené-Sampedro A, Basulto Marset M, Monsálvez Romin D, Montecelo Salvado S, Bueno-Gimeno I. Validation of a method to assess night myopia in a clinical setting. Sci Rep 2024; 14:293. [PMID: 38168766 PMCID: PMC10762171 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-51062-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
A study was conducted with 115 subjects who regularly drove at night to validate a refraction protocol for detecting refractive visual changes from daytime to nighttime conditions. Objective and subjective refractions were performed in both photopic and mesopic conditions, with a dark adaptation period before the mesopic subjective refraction. The results showed that in mesopic conditions, visual acuity decreased by 0.2 logMAR units on average (p < 0.01), and there was a myopic refractive shift of - 0.36 ± 0.20 D (p < 0.01). Most subjects (92.2%) exhibited a myopic refractive shift of at least 0.12 D. Compensation of refractive shift improved mesopic visual acuity by 0.06 logMAR on average (p < 0.01) and higher refractive shifts showed higher improvement. Night Rx was preferred by 82.1% of subjects with myopic refractive shift. Gender and age did not significantly affect the refractive shift, although myopes showed a higher shift compared to emmetropes (p < 0.01). The refractive shift remained stable over time when the time slot of the day did not change (p < 0.01). Night Rx protocol proved to be a robust and accurate method for identifying drivers with refractive changes when transitioning from photopic to mesopic conditions. The high prevalence and inter-individual variability of Rx shift highlight the need of customized refraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Gené-Sampedro
- Department of Optics, and Optometry and Vision Science, University of Valencia, Facultad Física, c/ Dr. Moliner 50, 46100, Burjassot, Spain.
- INTRAS (Research Institute on Traffic and Road Safety), University of Valencia, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Mercedes Basulto Marset
- Department of Optics, and Optometry and Vision Science, University of Valencia, Facultad Física, c/ Dr. Moliner 50, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Daniel Monsálvez Romin
- Department of Optics, and Optometry and Vision Science, University of Valencia, Facultad Física, c/ Dr. Moliner 50, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Susana Montecelo Salvado
- Department of Light and Life Vision Sciences, Research and Development EssilorLuxottica, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Inmaculada Bueno-Gimeno
- Department of Optics, and Optometry and Vision Science, University of Valencia, Facultad Física, c/ Dr. Moliner 50, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
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Mosayebi F, Tabatabaee SM, Kangari H, Rahmani S. Effect of changing mesopic and photopic light conditions on visual functions. Int J Ophthalmol 2023; 16:1287-1292. [PMID: 37602349 PMCID: PMC10398513 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2023.08.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To determine the effects of change in light conditions on refractive error and visual functions including visual acuity, stereopsis and contrast sensitivity. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted in the optometry clinic of the Shahid Beheshti School of Rehabilitation on 48 students in 2021-2022. All of them had eye health and normal visual function and could have refractive errors or not. Light intensity of 4 lx was considered equivalent to photopic light condition and light intensity of 1 lx was considered to be equivalent to mesopic light condition. The amount of refractive error was checked by auto refractometer and its changes in mesopic light condition were subjectively measured. Also, visual acuity, stereopsis and contrast sensitivity (in five spatial frequencies of 1.5, 3, 6, 12, and 18 cycles per degree), were measured first in photopic light condition and then in mesopic light condition, by Snellen control vision chart, stereo butterfly test and the M&S technology monitor test respectively. RESULTS In the 48 student subjects with an average age of 22.69±3.56y, mean of refractive error as sphere equivalent, visual acuity and stereopsis were -1.25±1.74 diopters, 0 logMAR, 44.37±13.03 seconds of arc, respectively in photopic light condition while in mesopic light was equal to -1.56±1.75 diopters, 0.12±0.09 logMAR and 50.62±33.35 seconds of arc, respectively. The mean of contrast sensitivity measured at spatial frequencies of 1.5, 3, 6, 12, and 18 cycles per degree in photopic condition was equal to 2.38±0.04, 2.37±0.07, 2.04±0.21, 1.27±0.32, 0.82±0.27 logarithm of contrast sensitivity, respectively and in mesopic lighting condition was equal to 2.34±0.12, 2.30±0.16, 1.84±0.28, 1.02±0.28, 0.63±0.24 logarithm of contrast sensitivity, respectively. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference between the two lighting conditions in all evaluated variables [refractive error (P<0.001), visual acuity (P<0.001), stereopsis (P=0.008) and contrast sensitivity (P<0.001)]. CONCLUSION The refractive error of the student subjects in mesopic light condition change towards myopia, and its amount is clinically significant. Also, the examination and comparison of the factors of visual acuity, stereopsis and contrast sensitivity in these two lighting conditions show that the decrease in brightness level to the mesopic level causes a decrease in the aforementioned visual functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Mosayebi
- Department of Optometry, School of Rehabilitation, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19839-63113, Iran
| | - Seyyed Mehdi Tabatabaee
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Rehabilitation, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19839-63113, Iran
| | - Haleh Kangari
- Department of Optometry, School of Rehabilitation, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19839-63113, Iran
| | - Saeed Rahmani
- Department of Optometry, School of Rehabilitation, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19839-63113, Iran
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Mattavelli G, Gorrino I, Cesana E, De Angelis J, Ricciardelli P. Illumination and gaze effects on face evaluation: The Bi-AGI database. Front Psychol 2022; 13:948142. [PMID: 36312184 PMCID: PMC9608625 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.948142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Face evaluation and first impression generation can be affected by multiple face elements such as invariant facial features, gaze direction and environmental context; however, the composite modulation of eye gaze and illumination on faces of different gender and ages has not been previously investigated. We aimed at testing how these different facial and contextual features affect ratings of social attributes. Thus, we created and validated the Bi-AGI Database, a freely available new set of male and female face stimuli varying in age across lifespan from 18 to 87 years, gaze direction and illumination conditions. Judgments on attractiveness, femininity-masculinity, dominance and trustworthiness were collected for each stimulus. Results evidence the interaction of the different variables in modulating social trait attribution, in particular illumination differently affects ratings across age, gaze and gender, with less impact on older adults and greater effect on young faces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Mattavelli
- IUSS Cognitive Neuroscience (ICoN) Center, Scuola Universitaria Superiore IUSS, Pavia, Italy
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory of Pavia Institute, Pavia, Italy
- *Correspondence: Giulia Mattavelli,
| | - Irene Gorrino
- IUSS Cognitive Neuroscience (ICoN) Center, Scuola Universitaria Superiore IUSS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Cesana
- Department of Psychology, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Jacopo De Angelis
- Department of Psychology, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Ricciardelli
- Department of Psychology, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- Milan Centre for Neuroscience, Milan, Italy
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Asare FA, Anderson RS, Mulholland PJ, Little JA. Mesopic conditions optimise the detection of visual function loss in drivers with simulated media opacity. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13165. [PMID: 35915231 PMCID: PMC9343380 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17448-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Drivers have different visual demands across varying contrast and luminance conditions. However, vision assessments for driving are typically conducted under photopic conditions. This study investigated the sensitivity of photopic and mesopic conditions to detect contrast sensitivity (CS) loss in drivers with simulated media opacities. CS was measured in forty-seven healthy drivers aged 18–50 years (mean ± SD: 25.5 ± 6.5) under photopic and mesopic-adapted luminance levels with the Pelli-Robson chart and the Mesotest II (without glare). Media opacities were simulated using white-opacity containing Lee Fog filters (1–5) and CS measured in a randomised order. A significant (p < 0.001) reduction in photopic CS (logCS) was measured with the Pelli-Robson chart only when media opacity was simulated with Fog filter 5 (1.53 ± 0.15, 2.8 triplets reduction) compared to baseline (1.95 ± 0.03). Mean mesopic CS demonstrated a significant (all p < 0.001) reduction from baseline (1.67 ± 0.14) for Fog filters 3 (1.4 triplets, 1.45 ± 0.16), 4 (2.4 triplets, 1.31 ± 0.14) and 5 (4.3 triplets, 1.02 ± 0.15). For Mesotest II, only Fog filter 5 produced a significant reduction (0.10 ± 0.09; p < 0.001) in mean mesopic CS from baseline (0.30 ± 0.01). Mesopic CS is more vulnerable to different levels of simulated media opacity, hence should be considered clinically when assessing visual function in older drivers at risk of media opacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick A Asare
- Centre for Optometry and Vision Science, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK.
| | - Roger S Anderson
- Centre for Optometry and Vision Science, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK.,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | - Pádraig J Mulholland
- Centre for Optometry and Vision Science, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK.,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | - Julie-Anne Little
- Centre for Optometry and Vision Science, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
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Effect of Photochromic Contact Lens Wear on Indoor Visual Performance and Patient Satisfaction. Ophthalmol Ther 2022; 11:1847-1855. [PMID: 35908148 PMCID: PMC9437160 DOI: 10.1007/s40123-022-00552-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To quantitatively assess visual performance and patient satisfaction during photochromic contact lens (CL) wear in an indoor environment. METHODS This observational study comprised 82 eyes of 41 healthy subjects (mean age ± standard deviation, 21.7 ± 0.7 years) who had no ophthalmic diseases except for refractive errors at Kitasato University in 2021. We prospectively compared visual acuity, kinetic visual acuity, functional (time-dependent) visual acuity, the maintaining rate of visual acuity, the response time, contrast sensitivity function, higher-order aberrations, and patient satisfaction score for overall vision in such subjects during photochromic and non-photochromic CL wear in such an environment. RESULTS The kinetic visual acuity at 30 km/h was 0.32 ± 0.21 and 0.41 ± 0.24 in the photochromic and non-photochromic CL groups, respectively (p = 0.008). The kinetic visual acuity at 60 km/h was 0.32 ± 0.21 and 0.41 ± 0.24, respectively (p = 0.034). The functional visual acuity was 0.00 ± 0.21 and 0.05 ± 0.25, respectively (p = 0.030). The average response time was 1.19 ± 0.15 s and 1.23 ± 0.15 s, respectively (p = 0.029). The patient satisfaction score for overall visual performance was 4.22 ± 0.11 and 3.59 ± 0.68, respectively (p < 0.001). Otherwise, we found no significant differences in visual acuity, the maintaining rate, higher-order aberrations, or contrast sensitivity function (p = 0.116, p = 0.053, p = 0.371, or p = 0.943). We found no apparent complications such as ocular discomfort, superficial punctate keratitis, conjunctival injection, or infectious keratitis during the observation period. CONCLUSIONS According to our experience, the photochromic CL showed good visual quality, especially in terms of kinetic and functional visual acuities and subsequent high patient satisfaction, even in an indoor environment, suggesting its viability of visual correction not only in daily activities but also in indoor sports activities.
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Lim DY, Lee ALF, Or CCF. Incongruence in Lighting Impairs Face Identification. Front Psychol 2022; 13:834806. [PMID: 35295374 PMCID: PMC8918724 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.834806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of uniform lighting on face identity processing is little understood, despite its potential influence on our ability to recognize faces. Here, we investigated how changes in uniform lighting level affected face identification performance during face memory tests. Observers were tasked with learning a series of faces, followed by a memory test where observers judged whether the faces presented were studied before or novel. Face stimuli were presented under uniform bright or dim illuminations, and lighting across the face learning and the memory test sessions could be the same (“congruent”) or different (“incongruent”). This led to four experimental conditions: (1) Bright/Dim (learning bright faces, testing on dim faces); (2) Bright/Bright; (3) Dim/Bright; and (4) Dim/Dim. Our results revealed that incongruent lighting levels across sessions (Bright/Dim and Dim/Bright) significantly reduced sensitivity (d’) to faces and introduced conservative biases compared to congruent lighting levels (Bright/Bright and Dim/Dim). No significant differences in performance were detected between the congruent lighting conditions (Bright/Bright vs. Dim/Dim) and between the incongruent lighting conditions (Bright/Dim vs. Dim/Bright). Thus, incongruent lighting deteriorated performance in face identification. These findings implied that the level of uniform lighting should be considered in an illumination-specific face representation and potential applications such as eyewitness testimony.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Y. Lim
- Division of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Alan L. F. Lee
- Department of Applied Psychology, Lingnan University, Tuen Mun, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Charles C.-F. Or
- Division of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- *Correspondence: Charles C.-F. Or,
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Sakisaka T, Minami K, Takada K, Mori Y, Miyata K. Functional visual acuity after implantation of diffractive extended depth-of-focus intraocular lenses using an echelett optics. BMC Ophthalmol 2021; 21:418. [PMID: 34863126 PMCID: PMC8645128 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-021-02189-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prospective comparative case series aimed to evaluate all-distance visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and functional visual acuity (FVA) of eyes with diffractive extended depth-of-focus (EDOF) intraocular lenses (IOLs) using an echelett optics and monofocal IOLs with the same platform. Methods Diffractive EDOF and monofocal IOLs were implanted in 27 eyes of 27 patients each. At 3 months after implantation, all-distance visual acuities at distances of 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 1, 2, 3, and 5 m were measured under distance-corrected. Static visual function was also examined using photopic contrast sensitivity and area under the logarithmic contrast sensitivity function (AULCSF). Dynamic visual function was examined with FVA, and mean FVA value, visual maintenance ratio (VMR), mean response time, and number of blinks were evaluated. These outcomes were compared between the two IOLs. Results The mean distance-corrected visual acuities were better at distances of 0.7 m or nearer in eyes with EDOF IOLs. There was no difference in the contrast sensitivities (P > 0.22). In the FVA results, no difference was found in mean FVA and VMR (P > 0.68). Conclusion The static and dynamic evaluations of postoperative visual functions demonstrated that the visual function of eyes with EDOF IOLs under photopic and distance-corrected conditions was comparable to eyes with monofocal IOLs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12886-021-02189-7.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Keita Takada
- Miyata Eye Hospital, Miyakonojyo, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Yosai Mori
- Miyata Eye Hospital, Miyakonojyo, Miyazaki, Japan
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Impact of low luminance conditions on quality of life for the visually impaired: development of the Low Luminance Questionnaire Japanese version. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2021; 65:554-560. [PMID: 33991271 DOI: 10.1007/s10384-021-00838-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to develop a Japanese version of the Low Luminance Questionnaire (LLQ-J) and to evaluate its reliability and validity. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study. METHODS LLQ-J was developed by standardized methods. A total of 101 patients comprising 55 with age-related macular degeneration, 25 with glaucoma, 15 with regressed proliferative diabetic retinopathy, and 6 with retinitis pigmentosa were included in this study. The patients completed the LLQ-J and Japanese version of the visual function Questionnaire-25 (VFQ-25). Using the LLQ-J data, floor and ceiling effects were computed. To examine internal consistency, some patients completed the LLQ-J a second time 2-4 weeks later and the data were analyzed for Cronbach's alpha and intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs). Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and low luminance visual acuity (LLVA) were measured, and low-luminance deficit (LLD) was calculated. Criterion validity was also tested. RESULTS No ceiling or floor effects were present in the LLQ-J data. Cronbach's alfa was 0.88, and ICCs were higher than 0.70 for all subscales. Moderate to high correlation was observed between LLQ-J and VFQ-25 (p < 0.01), confirming concurrent validity. "General dim lighting" and "Peripheral vision" were significantly associated with LLVA in the better eye (p < 0.05). "Mobility", "General dim lighting" and "Peripheral vision" were significantly associated with LLD (p < 0.05). "Emotional distress" was significantly associated with BCVA in the worse eye (p < 0.05). No subscales were associated with BCVA of the better eye. CONCLUSIONS The LLQ-J is a valid and reliable questionnaire for assessing QOL under low luminance conditions.
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Carballo-Alvarez J, Mari-Ribas M, Martin-Gonzalez A, Batres L. Is soft toric contact lenses fitting a feasible option to improve optical quality and visual performance in corneal ectasia? Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2021; 45:101434. [PMID: 33714679 DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2021.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the feasibility of fitting soft toric contact lenses (STCL) in corneal ectasias and their impact on optical quality and visual performance. METHODS A total of 22 eyes were fitted with a molded STCL: 11 eyes/9 subjects with corneal ectasia and 11 healthy eyes/11 subjects. Wavefront aberrations were analyzed using a Hartmann-Shack aberrometer. Visual performance was measured under photopic (85 cd/m 2) and mesopic (≤3 cd/m 2) conditions. High-(96 %) and low- (10 %) contrast VA (HCVA and LCVA respectively) were assessed using the ETDRS charts and contrast sensitivity (CS) using the Pelli-Robson chart. RESULTS After STCL fitting in the ectatic corneas, oblique astigmatism increased 0.15±0.17 μm and 0.34 ± 0.36 μm for 3 mm- and mesopic pupil diameters, respectively. Mean defocus decreased 1.41 ± 0.36 μm and 2.17 ± 0.85 μm for the same pupil diameters. More positive values of vertical coma were found with a change of 0.05 ± 0.06 μm and 0.12 ± 0.10 μm for 3 mm and mesopic pupil diameters, respectively. Comparing changes between both groups, with a 3 mm pupil aperture, statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) were detected in oblique astigmatism, defocus, vertical secondary trefoil and horizontal secondary coma. In the group with corneal ectasia, photopic HCVA and LCVA improved 0.09 ± 0.11 logMAR and 0.12 ± 0.15 logMAR respectively. In mesopic conditions, HCVA, LCVA and CS improved 0.11 ± 0.12 logMAR, 0.18 ± 0.15 logMAR and 0.11 ± 0.07 log. units, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The analyzed molded soft toric contact lens is a feasible option for good vision in corneal ectasia with moderate irregularity and negative vertical coma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marina Mari-Ribas
- Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Laura Batres
- Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain
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Kimlin JA, Black AA, Wood JM. Older drivers' self-reported vision-related night-driving difficulties and night-driving performance. Acta Ophthalmol 2020; 98:e513-e519. [PMID: 31773899 DOI: 10.1111/aos.14311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate associations between older drivers' perceived vision-related night-driving difficulties and night-time driving performance measured on a closed-road circuit. METHODS Participants included 26 older drivers (71.8 ± 6.3 years) who reported vision-related night-driving difficulties assessed with the vision and night driving questionnaire (VND-Q). High-contrast, photopic visual acuity (VA) and ratings of discomfort glare (de Boer scale) were also assessed. Night-time driving performance was measured on a closed-road circuit that involved recognition, hazard avoidance and lane-keeping tasks in the absence and presence of intermittent glare. Generalized linear mixed models investigated the relationship between VND-Q scores and overall driving performance scores, as well as with discomfort glare ratings and VA. RESULTS Greater levels of vision-related night-driving difficulties (VND-Q scores) were significantly associated with poorer night-driving performance (p = 0.003); the association was even stronger for driving performance in the presence of intermittent glare (p = 0.001). Reduced VA was associated with poorer night-driving performance (p = 0.022) but the association was weaker than for the VND-Q scores. In contrast, ratings of discomfort glare were not significantly associated with driving performance (p = 0.14). CONCLUSION The VND-Q was significantly associated with night-time driving performance and provides a useful instrument for assessing vision-related night-driving difficulties which can be incorporated into clinical vision assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janessa A Kimlin
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Alex A Black
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Joanne M Wood
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Kaido M, Fukui M, Kawashima M, Negishi K, Tsubota K. Relationship between visual function and cognitive function in the elderly: A cross-sectional observational study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233381. [PMID: 32428010 PMCID: PMC7236991 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been suggested that functional visual acuity (VA) testing may be able to measure both the visual performance and cognitive ability needed for driving and help to reduce the number of road traffic accidents. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between visual ability and cognitive function in healthy elderly subjects. The study included 34 eyes with a decimal best-corrected visual acuity (VA) ≥1.0 in 34 subjects (16 men, 18 women; mean age 72.7 ± 6.1 [range, 61-83] years) with the same type of monofocal intraocular lens implant. Using the score on the Japanese version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) questionnaire, the subjects were divided into a mild cognitive impairment (MCI) group (score <28) and a normal cognition (NC) group (score ≥28). Visual ability was evaluated by functional VA testing. Functional VA was significantly lower in the MCI group (n = 10) than in the NC group (n = 24; P<0.02). There was no significant difference in best-corrected VA between the two groups. High correlations were found between the MMSE score and the logMAR functional VA (r = -0.36, P = 0.04), standard deviation of functional VA (r = -0.39, P = 0.02), and the visual maintenance ratio (r = 0.34, P = 0.048). In summary, despite a good best-corrected VA, deterioration in visual ability was detected in elderly individuals with MCI when measured by the functional VA test. Functional VA could be used to evaluate the integrated visual ability associated with age-related cognitive decline and have applications that help to reduce the disproportionately high rate of road traffic accidents in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minako Kaido
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Wada Eye Clinic, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masaki Fukui
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoko Kawashima
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuno Negishi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tsubota
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Tsubota Laboratory, Inc., Tokyo, Japan
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Are Your Eyes "on the Road"? Findings from the 2019 National Study on Vision and Driving Safety in Spain. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17093195. [PMID: 32375356 PMCID: PMC7246664 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17093195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background: Vision is an undisputable contributor to the explanation of many human-factor related traffic crashes happening every day. The Inland Transport Committee (ITC), the United Nations regulatory platform, included on 1st April 2020 special action on the vision of road users inside the ITC Recommendations for Enhancing Road Safety Systems. The results of this wide-scale study on drivers’ vision health conducted in Spain perfectly illustrates the need of global action and its potential impact on the public health figures and the burden of potentially preventable traffic causalities. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess three key visual health issues (i.e., visual acuity, visual field campimetry and glare recovery) among Spanish drivers, in order to formulate implications and possible guidelines to enhance road safety. Methods: This cross-sectional study examined the visual health of a representative sample of 3249 drivers (70% females and 30% males) with a mean age of 41 (SD = 13) years, gathered from all the 17 autonomous communities of Spain. Results: The tests performed allowed to determine that 15% of Spanish drivers have a poor photopic vision, while 38% of them present an inadequate mesopic vision. Further, 23% of drivers have deficiencies in peripheric visual field campimetry, and the average time for full-vision recovery after a 10-s glare was 27 s. Sex, age and driver type (professional vs. non-professional) differences were found for the study variables. Conclusions: The findings of this study support the idea that certain demographic-based population groups of drivers present several unaddressed deficiencies and impairments in visual health. Overall an estimated 29.5% of Spanish drivers present visual issues, that need to be attended in order to enhance the prevention of driving crashes and the road safety of all road users.
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Shortened Measurement Time of Functional Visual Acuity for Screening Visual Function. J Ophthalmol 2019; 2019:8950418. [PMID: 31583130 PMCID: PMC6754928 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8950418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The functional visual acuity test which is the average of the visual acuities measured during a specific time frame (standard, 60 seconds) has been used recently to assess the visual function in various conditions. The availability of a shorter version of the functional visual acuity test promises to be patient friendly in that it is a simple screening test performed in a shorter period of time than the standard test. The results of measurements of the FVA test between the 30-second measurement time (short-version FVA test) and the standard 60-second measurement are compared, and the feasibility of the short-version FVA test instead of the standard FVA test is investigated. Twenty-eight healthy volunteers (25 men and 3 women) were enrolled in this prospective observational study. All subjects underwent measurement of the binocular distance-corrected visual acuity and the binocular distance-corrected FVA with the 60-second and 30-second measurement times. The interchangeability of the corrected-distance FVA, maximal VA, visual maintenance ratio, and average response time in the short-version and the standard FVA tests was evaluated using the Bland–Altman method, and the results showed agreements of the two tests except for the minimal VA. The short-version FVA test is equivalent to the standard method except for evaluating the visual acuity fluctuations and promises to be a simple visual screening test that can be performed in a shorter time.
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Nyman TJ, Antfolk J, Lampinen JM, Tuomisto M, Kaakinen JK, Korkman J, Santtila P. A stab in the dark: The distance threshold of target identification in low light. COGENT PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/23311908.2019.1632047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. Nyman
- Faculty of Arts, Psychology and Theology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Jan Antfolk
- Faculty of Arts, Psychology and Theology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Maria Tuomisto
- Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Johanna K. Kaakinen
- Turku Institute for Advanced Studies and Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Julia Korkman
- Faculty of Arts, Psychology and Theology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Pekka Santtila
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, NYU Shanghai, Shanghai, China
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Hiraoka T, Miyata K, Hayashidera T, Iida M, Takada K, Minami K, Oshika T. Influence of intraocular lens subsurface nanoglistenings on functional visual acuity. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173574. [PMID: 28328997 PMCID: PMC5362055 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the influence of intraocular lens subsurface nanoglistenings (SSNGs) on functional visual acuity (FVA), thirty-nine eyes of 29 patients were examined in this study. The SSNG group comprised 19 eyes of 14 patients (75.7± 5.4 years, mean ± standard deviation), and the control group comprised 20 eyes of 15 patients (73.6 ± 6.5 years). The SSNGs were diagnosed on the basis of the typical whitish IOL appearance upon slit-lamp examination and results of densitometry regarding surface light scattering using Scheimpflug images. The FVA measurement system (AS-28; Kowa, Aichi, Japan) was used to examine changes in continuous visual acuity (VA) over time, and visual function parameters such as FVA, visual maintenance ratio (VMR), maximum VA, minimum VA, standard deviation of VA, and number of blinks were assessed. The results were compared between the SSNG and control groups, and correlations of FVA parameters with the intensity of surface light scattering, time after surgery, and age were also evaluated. There were significant differences in VMR (P = 0.035) and standard deviation of VAs (P = 0.031) between the two groups, although no significant differences were found in baseline VA, FVA, maximum VA, minimum VA, and number of blinks. None of the FVA parameters showed any significant correlations with the intensity of surface light scattering, time after surgery, or age. There is a possibility that VA is unstable during a continuous gazing task in patients with SSNGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Hiraoka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Kazunori Miyata
- Department of Ophthalmology, Miyata Eye Hospital, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hayashidera
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masaharu Iida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Miyata Eye Hospital, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Keita Takada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Miyata Eye Hospital, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Minami
- Department of Ophthalmology, Miyata Eye Hospital, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Oshika
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Effects of absolute luminance and luminance contrast on visual discrimination in low mesopic environments. Atten Percept Psychophys 2016; 79:243-252. [PMID: 27743262 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-016-1219-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Recent research revealed considerable decline in visual perception under low luminance conditions. However, systematic studies on how visual performance is affected by absolute luminance and luminance contrast under low mesopic conditions (<0.5 cd/m2) is lacking. We examined performance in a simple visual discrimination task under low mesopic luminance conditions in three experiments in which we systematically varied base luminance and luminance contrast between stimulus and background. We further manipulated eccentricity of the stimuli because of known rods and cones gradients along the retina. We identified a "deficiency window" for performance as measured by d' when luminance was < 0.06 cd/m2 and luminance contrast as measured by the luminance ratio between stimulus and background was below < 1.7. We further calculated performance-based luminance as well as contrast efficiency functions for reaction times (RTs). These power functions demonstrate the contrast asymptote needed to decrease RTs and how such a decrease can be achieved given various combinations of absolute luminance and luminance contrast manipulations. Increased eccentricity resulted in slower RTs indicative of longer scan distances. Our data provide initial insights to performance-based efficiency functions in low mesopic environments that are currently lacking and to the physical mechanisms being utilized for visual perception in these extreme environments.
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